28.12.2016 34 282

The best varieties eggplant - types and hybrids for open ground, greenhouses

With the beginning of the new season, the time comes to buy vegetable seeds; summer residents and gardeners prefer to choose the best varieties of eggplant, then the harvest will please you and bring high-quality, tasty fruits. It can be difficult to choose the most wonderful variety; growing zones and taste preferences are different. Let's take a closer look at popular types with precise descriptions, reviews and technical specifications.

Early ripening vegetables

Early types are popular Far East, Siberia, northern regions, where warm days come late and a good harvest is possible only in conditions short summer. They are cultivated everywhere, in Krasnodar region, Chernozemie, Moscow region, others climatic zones In Russia, this is often the only opportunity to try a delicious self-grown vegetable.

Purple Haze— cultivated in all regions of Russia. Unusual fruits of light purple color on the outside, snow-white pulp without a bitter taste inside. The plant is not tall, the thickness of the stems is average, the weight of the little blue one is 180-200 grams;
Alekseevsky- cold dark purple color. The fruits are smooth, shiny, weighing 110-180 grams. Strong and robust against viral diseases. Unpretentious, grown in open ground, under film (greenhouses);
Galina F1- grown in open plantations and greenhouses. The purple-black fruits are long, widening towards the bottom, weighing 200-240 grams. White pulp without bitterness. Resistant to various diseases, cultivated in all latitudes;
Maria- strong strong plants, beautiful dark purple fruits, white inside, weighing 180-210 grams. No bitterness, suitable for long-term storage.

Early types are not limited to the above. Other varieties and varieties are common, such as Nutcracker, Gardener's Dream, Long Purple, Medallion, Stripe, Marquis, Goby, Black Beauty, Zelenenky, Caprice, Don Quixote, Pink Flamingo, Vakula, Romantic, Robin Hood. They are cultivated under film (polycarbonate and conventional greenhouses) and in open areas.

The most productive representatives

Well-known representatives that produce stable large yields: Bourgeois, City F1, Albatross, Bard F1, Goliath F1, Dolphin, Filimon, Black Moon, Czech Early, Vera. A rich harvest can be harvested by growing early species, as well as those of medium and late ripeness:

Sancho Panza- grown by seedling method. The shape of the fruit is spherical, fiery purple in color, large, weighing 650-700 grams. One fruit is enough to prepare a dish for the whole family, easy to prepare. Cultivated in unheated, heated, winter greenhouses, cultivation in open ground is possible;

in the photo - eggplant variety "Sancho Panza"
in the photo - eggplant variety "Sancho Panza"

Torpedo- famous for good harvests. Rich lilac-violet fruits, weighing 160-210 grams. The plant is tall, more than a meter in height. Flowers do not fall off, vegetables are tied together in considerable volumes. Good for business;

in the photo - eggplant variety “Torpedo”

Airship- the fruits are large, weighing 800-1200 grams, thick dark purple in color. Shows resistance to viral diseases. A vigorous, densely leafy plant, 3.4-4 meters high. Fruits for a long time, it is better to grow in greenhouses;

in the photo - eggplant variety "airship"

Solomon- ripens early and produces abundant harvests. The bushes are tall (1.5 meters) and vigorous. Delicious fruits, thick purple in color, weighing 640-1150 grams. Greenhouse, resistant to tobacco mosaic virus.

Dutch species and hybrids

The famous Dutch varieties, described below, are in great demand for Russian market. Technical features and taste characteristics differ from domestic ones, for which they are loved by many summer residents and gardeners.

Anet F1- is the leader in world selection, valued for its long continuous fruit set and the ability to collect blue ones before frost. A hybrid of medium ripeness, productive fruits with a pronounced glossy surface. The weight of the fruit, when properly cultivated, reaches 380-400 grams. Resistant to diseases and insects;

Solara F1- ultra-early hybrid. The fruits are black-violet, rich, long-oval. The plant is up to a meter in height, strong and strong. The hybrid is known for its ability to produce excellent harvests in bad weather conditions. No bitterness, resistant to viruses;

Bibo F1- has elongated oval fruits white, even in structure, small sizes, the weight of one eggplant is 210-230 grams. The bushes are medium-sized, 80-90 centimeters. The taste is pleasant, without traces of bitterness, used in preparations and cooking;

Japanese red- Unusual in its color. The fruits are orange-red with green-violet stripes, smooth glossy, weighing 0.1 kg, tasty yellowish pulp.

Video: when and how to sow eggplant seeds

People affectionately call eggplants “little blue”, which generally reflects their color and helps to navigate the variety of vegetables. However, eggplant varieties are replete with colors, halftones, shades, and fancy patterns. That is, the definition of “little blue” no longer corresponds well to reality. Topic of the article: the best varieties of eggplant suitable for growing in Russia, their types and description.

The greatest variety of varieties is found in purple eggplants. Moreover, not only the shades of purple vary, but also the shape, speed of ripening, climatic conditions. In general, eggplants, which have a purple fruit color, thrive in climates middle zone Russia.

In the forefront is “Albatross”, which is different high yield vegetables 350-400 g each. This is a mid-season vegetable with short pear-shaped fruits. It is not characterized by bitterness, and the flesh is soft white. Characterized by increased shelf life and easy transportation.

Late-ripening “Arap” grows up to 90 cm in height. Its fruits often reach 25 cm in length, they are cylindrical, without any bitterness.

Among the early ripening ones, “Baghira” eggplants should be distinguished. This is a hybrid, vigorous vegetable with oval fruits, weighing up to 300 g. It is famous not only for its yield and resistance to most fungal diseases, but also for its soft, snow-white filling without bitterness.

Among early species You should also pay attention to the “Long Purple” eggplant variety. Firstly, this is a very compact variety - it rarely grows above 50 cm. Secondly, it has beautiful inflorescences and ovaries with glossy skin, weighing up to 300 g.

Early ripening species suitable for the middle zone include “Don Quixote”. This is a hybrid medium-sized vegetable that grows well in greenhouses. The length of the fruits reaches 45 cm, and the weight ranges from 300-400 g.

The hybrid mid-season subspecies “Lolita” will give a rich harvest when grown in a greenhouse. The bush is tall, often reaching 2.5 m. The shape of the vegetables is elongated, maximum length they are 25 cm long and weigh 300 g. The pulp is snow-white, compacted, and practically does not contain eggplant seeds.

By planting vegetables of the “Maria” variety, you will be among the first to receive a harvest of elongated cylindrical eggplants.

Another mid-season variety “Nautilus” is a hybrid for greenhouses. The bushes tend to grow, the fruits are saber-shaped up to 30 cm in length, weighing up to 500 g.

The galaxy of purple eggplants is complemented by “Almaz”. This is a mid-season, compact vegetable with cylindrical fruits. The size of the fruit rarely exceeds 20 cm, and its weight is 170 g. Its pulp is green, compacted, without characteristic bitterness.

Video “The best varietal eggplants”

A detailed overview of eggplant varieties is given in this video.

White

The best varieties of white eggplants are few in number, but their fruits will undoubtedly decorate any garden bed or greenhouse, raising many questions: “What kind of vegetable is this?” It often happens that white eggplant seeds turn out to be yellow at the end of the season - these are selection errors that scientists are trying to level out.

One of the most known species, of course, is “Ping Pong”. Its ovaries are small, light, their weight rarely exceeds 70 g. The bush is medium-high, during fruiting it really looks like it has been hung with ping-pong balls. Feels great both in greenhouses and in open ground.

White eggplant varieties also include the mid-season “Swan”. It grows well both in greenhouses and under open air, growing up to 70 cm in height. The fruits are cylindrical, up to 22 cm long, weight rarely exceeds 255 g. Most of the ovaries are white, but sometimes yellow ones are also found. The main attraction is the white, soft flesh and high density yield per square meter of planting.

Another hybrid subspecies that is worth paying attention to is “Pelican”. Its bushes are tall, up to 1 meter in height, vegetables grow up to 18-20 cm, but at the same time they cannot boast of much weight - the weight fluctuates between 200-250 g. The mid-season variety “Pelican” is mainly grown in greenhouses.

“White Night” will delight you with oval snow-white fruits that ripen by mid-season. The bush grows small, up to 70 cm, and is decorated with many fruits, weighing up to 300 g each.

“Baby White F1” has funny spherical fruits, which are among the first to ripen. “Baby White F1” bushes are low, abundantly covered with greenery, rarely reach 50 cm, numerous small fruits rarely weigh more than 300 g. The pulp is white, without characteristic bitterness.

The hybrid subspecies “Gentle F1” will surprise you and your guests with oblong, cylindrical ovaries weighing 300-400 g. The bushes are medium-sized, spreading, and the fruits have white flesh without a hint of bitterness. They survive dry periods very well without requiring special care.

Lilac

There are also numerous types of lilac eggplants. They can easily be called “little blue ones”, since they are not far from their purple counterparts. Having absorbed the best from white and purple varieties, lilac varieties, even while green (no matter how strange it may sound), delight with their richness of patterns and shapes.

One of the leaders in popularity, the Lilac variety, has a medium ripening period. Its bush rarely grows above 60-65 cm, the fruits are often elongated, cylindrical, weighing up to 200 g. The pulp is white, compacted, without bitterness in taste.

Round eggplants of the “Balagur” variety will delight you with clusters of vegetables that are located on the hands. This is an early ripening variety, with bushes of medium height, the leaves of which are rich green. The weight of one eggplant ranges around 150-180 g.

To varieties with average duration aging also includes “Pink Flamingo”. Height of bushes Pink flamingo” reaches 180-190 cm, the fruits grow in clusters of 4-6 pieces, their average weight is 300-400 g. The eggplant pulp is without bitterness, pure white.

If you choose lilac eggplants, then you can’t beat the “Bumbo” variety. Round fruits weigh 600-700 g, white and lilac in color. The bushes grow spreading and powerful, so they will serve as an excellent decoration for both a greenhouse and open ground.

One of the most resistant varieties to unstable conditions and fungal diseases is “Robin Hood”. The average height of the bush reaches 90-100 cm, it is spreading, bears fruit well with small ovaries weighing about 300-320 g. The pulp is without bitterness, white, elastic.

Another bright representative The lilac variety of eggplant - “Rotunda Bianca” will please not only with its mid-ripening and abundance of ovaries. Its leaves are rich green, blending wonderfully into any landscape. The fruits are oval, with white flesh without bitterness.

If you are chasing not only productivity, but also originality appearance vegetables in the beds, then pay attention to the Matrosik eggplants. Vegetables of this type are oval, have a striped color with a bizarre pattern, weighing up to 200 g.

It should be noted that the above types of eggplants are mostly hybrids. This means that already at the selection stage, their immunity, protective characteristics and taste are much higher than those of ordinary plants. Thus, they are less likely to be susceptible to fungal diseases ( powdery mildew, anthracnose, brown spot, copperhead), which greatly facilitates their cultivation.

A pleasant bonus of such vegetables is that most of them grow easily both in greenhouses and hotbeds, as well as in the open air, pleasing the eye with their fancy shapes and colors.

Video “Eggplant varieties”

The video explains which eggplants produce 100% yield.

Eggplant is herbaceous plant, which originally grew only in South Asia and the Middle East. The vegetable became a food product at least 1500 years ago. Blue, as the purple fruits of the crop are popularly called, belongs to the Solanaceae family. This also includes tomatoes, potatoes and peppers. The height of eggplant varies from 40 to 150 cm; it blooms with large single flowers or collected in inflorescences.

Difficulties with choosing eggplants

Today, such a huge number of eggplant hybrids have been bred that making a choice is very difficult. How can an ordinary inexperienced gardener decide whether he needs round or elongated fruits? Or which “blue” ones to choose: dark blue, white or pink? In short, there is scope for annual experiments.

You should take a responsible approach to choosing seeds based on their ripening time. If eggplants are grown in a heated greenhouse, then the only thing that matters is by what time you want to receive ripe fruits. For open ground, the issue of the speed of ripening of the variety should be considered more carefully. Especially for the middle zone or Siberia. In these regions, preference should be given to early and medium varieties, otherwise the heat-loving vegetable will freeze before it has time to ripen.

Popular blue varieties with photos

Hippopotamus

A mid-ripening hybrid (105 days), the fruits of which, as can be seen in the photo, are cylindrical in shape, 18 cm long and have a natural color for this crop. In warm conditions (in a greenhouse) it can stretch 2 m above the ground. The average weight of one fruit is 400 g. The Behemoth variety is famous for its high yield - from 1 m² it is possible to collect 6-7 kg of selected fruits. The blue ones have elastic flesh without bitterness.

Purple miracle

Very early variety(92 days), which develops equally successfully in open and closed conditions, even in cold zones. In the photo you can see this elongated, dark-colored vegetable, whose weight reaches 300 g. The main advantages of the Purple Miracle variety are good shade tolerance and incredibly high yield - 16-18 kg per 1 m².

Bibo

A gift from Dutch breeders with white fruits early maturation. Average weight - 250 g. The Bibo variety is grown in heated and unheated shelters. The bush is quite spreading and reaches a height of 1 m², so it often needs staking. The fruits are elongated, the pulp is not bitter and has dietary properties.

Baikal

Mid-season blue variety (105 days). The oblong dark purple fruits do not contain a hint of bitterness in taste. In greenhouse conditions proper care you can collect up to 18 kg of fruit per season from 1 m².

Diamond

In the photo below you see eggplants of the Baikal variety with an average ripening period (110 days). A low bush (50 cm) branches well and quickly, forming a large number of fruits During a season, in open ground or in a shelter, it is possible to collect 7 kg of fruits from 1 m². Almaz eggplants are highly resistant to disease. Fruit length - 15 cm, weight - 150 g.

Black handsome

Mid-season eggplant (105 days), famous for its good yield. The bush reaches 80 cm in height. The fruits, weighing 200 g, are very similar in shape to a pear. The pulp is not bitter and is ideal for preparing for the winter.

King of the market

This variety, which you see in the photo, was given such a name for a reason. Housewives love them for their juicy pulp without any hint of bitterness. Farmers are often interested in this variety, knowing about its early ripeness and high productivity. The length of the fruit reaches 20 cm.

Helios

A popular variety that ripens in the middle period. In the photo you see fruits that weigh on average 250 g and have dense but delicate texture. The height of the bush can reach 1 m².

Marzipan

A mid-early hybrid with a long period of fruit production - the last harvest is harvested just before frost. The plant perfectly resists almost all diseases of nightshade crops. The fruits are distinguished by thin skin and juicy pulp.

Subtleties of growing eggplants

Let's supplement our topic on eggplant varieties with some tips for growing them:
It is advisable to germinate the seeds before planting.
For seedlings to appear, a temperature of at least 25 °C is required.
It is very important to protect root system blue ones, since when it is damaged they sharply slow down development and subsequently reduce productivity. In view of this, it is customary to grow eggplants without picking, with an extremely careful attitude to planting seedlings.
Two weeks before moving to permanent place Eggplant seedlings should be hardened off by taking them outside, opening windows or removing cover in a greenhouse.
It is very important to water blues frequently, especially immediately after planting.
Eggplants will be given best harvest, if you feed them several times using urea, superphosphate or organic fertilizers diluted with water.

In addition to traditional varieties with blue-black fruits, there are currently varieties with a wide variety of skin colors - white, pink and even striped. Modern varieties Eggplants are also distinguished by a number of advantages: high taste, plasticity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests. At the Manul agricultural firm, eggplant selection is aimed at creating high-yielding forms for spring greenhouses, open ground, and winter greenhouses that begin bearing fruit earlier and are characterized by a high ability to adapt to growing conditions. Eggplants from “Manul” are distinguished by tasty white or whitish flesh, lack of bitterness, thin skin, rare or absent thorns, low seed production, and retain commercial quality for a long time.

Low-growing for greenhouses and film shelters

ROBIN HOOD

Fruitful, very early, begins to bear fruit 90-100 days after germination. The bush is low-growing, spreading, 70-100 cm high. The fruits are pear-shaped, lilac, weighing 200-300 g. The thorns are weak. Planting density - 5 plants/sq. m. The peculiarity of the variety is fruit formation in any conditions.

Medium height for unheated film greenhouses

JOKER

A new type of eggplant is the raceme. Up to 3-7 fruits are formed in the brush! Early ripening, begins to bear fruit on the 85-100th day from germination. The bush is medium-sized, 80-130 cm high. The fruits are ellipsoid, bright purple, weighing 50-130 g, thornless, with thin skin. Resistant to flower drop and tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 5 plants/sq.m.

ROMANTIC

Productive, early ripening; begins to bear fruit on the 120th day from germination. The bush is medium-sized, spreading, 120-170 cm high. The fruits are elongated-oval, weighing 180-280 g, beautiful mauve color, with white flesh. The variety is distinguished by stable yields and high taste qualities of the fruit. Planting density 3 plants/sq.m. Plants are formed into 2 stems with a garter.

BUMBO

Productive, mid-early, begins to bear fruit 120-130 days after germination. The bush is medium-sized, sparse, 80-150 cm high. The fruits are spherical, light lilac, dense, weighing 600-700 g. The pulp is white, dense, very tasty. Thorns are rare. Planting density - 3-4 plants/sq. m.

VAKULA

Productive, early ripening; begins to bear fruit on the 95-110th day from germination. The bush is medium-sized, 120 cm high. The fruits are ellipsoidal, dense, purple, weighing 450-100 g. The pulp is white, tasty. There are no thorns. It is distinguished by early and friendly harvest formation and can withstand a large load of fruit. Resistant to flower drop and tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 3-5 plants/sq.m. Requires shaping and garter.

SPERM WHALE

Fruitful, mid-season, begins to bear fruit on the 110-115th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, semi-spreading, 150 cm high. The fruits are large, elongated pear-shaped, purple, weighing 500-700 g, with few seeds. Planting density - 3 plants/sq. m. Characterized by intensive fruit formation and consistently high yield.

PINK FLAMINGO

Fruitful, early ripening, begins to bear fruit on the 110-120th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, semi-spreading, 80-150 cm high. The fruits are long, narrow, cylindrical, slightly curved, weighing 250-450 g, pinkish-purple with white tasty pulp, few seeds. There are no thorns. The fruits are arranged in bunches, 2-6 pieces each. The variety is distinguished by its friendly and long-lasting fruit formation and does not require high costs care

SANCHO PANZA

Productive, mid-early, begins to bear fruit 120-130 days after germination. The bush is medium-sized, sparse, 80-150 cm high. The fruits are spherical, deep purple, dense, weighing 600-700 g, of high taste. Thorns are rare. Planting density - 3-4 plants/sq. m. The variety is slightly affected spider mite.

NAMESAKE

Productive, mid-early, begins to bear fruit 120-130 days after germination. The bush is medium-sized, spreading, 80-140 cm high. The fruits are oval-shaped, very dense, weighing 500-900 g, pinkish-purple, with white flesh, excellent taste. Thorns are rare. Planting density - 3-4 plants/sq.m. The variety tolerates unfavorable conditions well.

TORPEDO

Productive, mid-early, begins to bear fruit 130-140 days after germination. The bush is medium-sized, sparse, 130-170 cm high. The fruits are smooth, cylindrical, lilac-violet, weighing 150-200 g, thornless, thin-skinned, with few seeds. The pulp is tender, tasty, greenish in color. Planting density – 3 plants/sq. m. Characterized by intensive fruit formation and low shedding of flowers.

Vigorous mid-season for heated greenhouses

(*- give high yield and in unheated greenhouses.)

F1 BARD

Productive, mid-early; begins to bear fruit on the 120-135th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, semi-spreading, densely leafy, 180-300 cm high. The fruits are cylindrical, very dense, heavy, weighing up to 800-900 g, purple. The pulp is greenish, without bitterness, very tasty. Thorns are rare. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 2.5-3 plants/sq.m.

F1 GOLIATH

Productive, mid-early; begins to bear fruit on the 118-125th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, densely leafy, 170-250 cm high. The fruits are very large, pear-shaped with dense pulp, dark purple, weighing 650-1100 g. The pulp is greenish, dense, of good taste. Thorns are rare. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 2-3 plants/sq.m. Requires formation into 2 shoots and a garter.

F1 COLLEGE

Productive, mid-season; begins to bear fruit on the 120-135th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, densely leafy, powerful, 180-300 cm high. The fruits are cylindrical, large, heavy, dark purple, weighing 400-500 g. Thorns are rare. The pulp is dense, greenish. The hybrid is characterized by high productivity, long period fruiting; the fruits are suitable for transportation. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 2.5-3 plants/sq.m. Plants are formed into 2 stems with a garter.

DOLPHIN *

Productive, mid-early; begins to bear fruit on the 120-130th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, leafy. Plant height is 150-200 cm. The fruits are saber-shaped, lilac-white, weighing 300-450 g, low in seeds, of high culinary quality, thorns are rare. The variety is weakly affected by spider mites. Planting density - 3 plants/sq.m.

AIRSHIP

Productive, mid-season; begins to bear fruit on the 125-135th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, densely leafy, semi-spreading, 300-400 cm high. The fruits are large, ellipsoidal, densely purple, weighing 700-1200 g. Resistant to the tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 2.8 plants/sq.m. The bushes need to be thinned out and excess spent leaves and shoots removed.

DON QUIXOTE *

Productive, early ripening; begins to bear fruit on the 100-120th day from germination. The bush is medium-sized, sparse. The height of the bush is 150-180 cm, depending on the type of greenhouse. The fruits are saber-shaped, dark purple, weighing 300-400 g, low in seeds, of high culinary quality. The spines are sparse and soft. The variety is weakly affected by spider mites. Planting density - 3-5 plants/sq.m.

SOLOMON *

Productive, early ripening; begins to bear fruit on the 100-120th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, 150 cm high (spring greenhouses) - 250 cm (winter greenhouses). The fruits are large, smooth, oval-pear-shaped, dark purple, weighing 650-1100 g. The pulp is greenish-white, dense, tasty. Thornless. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density 2-3 plants/sq.m. Requires formation into 2 shoots and a garter.

PHILEMON *

Productive, mid-early; begins to bear fruit on the 115-125th day from germination. The bush is vigorous, densely leafy. Bush height - 150 (spring greenhouses) - 200 cm (winter greenhouses). The fruits are ovoid, dark purple, smooth, heavy, on a short stalk, weighing 500-1000 g. The pulp is white, very dense, very tasty. Thorns are rare. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. Planting density – 3 plants/sq. m.

Photos and descriptions of eggplant varieties were provided by Manul Breeding and Seed Company LLC.