Heating system power calculation calculator. Calculation of heating by room area. How to more accurately assess the degree of thermal insulation of room walls

Calculation of heating boiler power, in particular, a gas boiler, is necessary not only for choosing boiler and heating equipment, but also for ensuring comfortable functioning of the heating system as a whole and eliminating unnecessary operating costs.

From a physics point of view, only four parameters are involved in calculating thermal power: the air temperature outside, the required temperature inside, the total volume of the premises and the degree of thermal insulation of the house, on which heat loss depends. But in reality, everything is not so simple. Outdoor temperature varies depending on the time of year, indoor temperature requirements are determined by living conditions, the total volume of the premises must first be calculated, and heat loss depends on the materials and design of the house, as well as the size, number and quality of windows.

Calculator for gas boiler power and gas consumption per year

The calculator presented here for gas boiler power and gas consumption per year can significantly facilitate your task of choosing a gas boiler - just select the appropriate field values, and you will get the required values.

Please note that the calculator calculates not only the optimal power of a gas boiler for heating a house, but also the average annual gas consumption. That is why the “number of residents” parameter was introduced into the calculator. It is necessary to take into account the average gas consumption for cooking and obtaining hot water for domestic needs.

This parameter is relevant only if you also use gas for your stove and water heater. If you use other appliances for this, for example, electric ones, or even don’t cook at home and do without hot water, put zero in the “number of residents” field.

The following data is used in the calculation:

• duration of the heating season - 5256 hours;
• duration of temporary residence (summer and weekends 130 days) - 3120 hours;
• the average temperature during the heating period is minus 2.2°C;
• the air temperature of the coldest five-day period in St. Petersburg is minus 26°C;
• ground temperature under the house during the heating season - 5°C;
• reduced room temperature in the absence of a person - 8.0°C;
• insulation of the attic floor - a layer of mineral wool with a density of 50 kg/m³ and a thickness of 200 mm.

The coziness and comfort of your home does not begin with the choice of furniture, decoration and appearance in general. They start with the heat that heating provides. And simply purchasing an expensive heating boiler () and high-quality radiators for this purpose is not enough - first you need to design a system that will maintain the optimal temperature in the house. But to get a good result, you need to understand what should be done and how, what nuances exist and how they affect the process. In this article you will become familiar with the basic knowledge about this matter - what heating systems are, how it is carried out and what factors influence it.

Why is thermal calculation necessary?

Some owners of private houses or those who are just planning to build them are interested in whether there is any point in the thermal calculation of the heating system? After all, we are talking about a simple country cottage, and not about an apartment building or an industrial enterprise. It would seem that it would be enough just to buy a boiler, install radiators and run pipes to them. On the one hand, they are partially right - for private households, the calculation of the heating system is not as critical an issue as for industrial premises or multi-apartment residential complexes. On the other hand, there are three reasons why such an event is worth holding. , you can read in our article.

1. Thermal calculation significantly simplifies the bureaucratic processes associated with gasification of a private home.
2. Determining the power required for heating a home allows you to select a heating boiler with optimal characteristics. You will not overpay for excessive product characteristics and will not experience inconvenience due to the fact that the boiler is not powerful enough for your home.
3. Thermal calculation allows you to more accurately select pipes, shut-off valves and other equipment for the heating system of a private home. And in the end, all these rather expensive products will work for as long as is included in their design and characteristics.

Initial data for thermal calculation of the heating system

Before you begin to calculate and work with data, you need to obtain it. Here, for those owners of country houses who have not previously been involved in design activities, the first problem arises - what characteristics are worth paying attention to. For your convenience, they are summarized in a short list below.

1. Building area, ceiling height and internal volume.
2. Type of building, presence of adjacent buildings.
3. Materials used in the construction of the building - what and how the floor, walls and roof are made of.
4. The number of windows and doors, how they are equipped, how well they are insulated.
5. For what purposes will these or those parts of the building be used - where the kitchen, bathroom, living room, bedrooms will be located, and where - non-residential and technical premises.
6. Duration of the heating season, average minimum temperature during this period.
7. “Wind rose”, the presence of other buildings nearby.
8. An area where a house has already been built or is about to be built.
9. Preferred temperature for residents in certain rooms.
10. Location of points for connecting to water supply, gas and electricity.

Calculation of heating system power based on housing area

One of the fastest and easiest to understand ways to determine the power of a heating system is to calculate the area of ​​the room. This method is widely used by sellers of heating boilers and radiators. Calculating the power of a heating system by area occurs in a few simple steps.

Step 1. Based on the plan or already erected building, the internal area of ​​the building in square meters is determined.

Step 2. The resulting figure is multiplied by 100-150 - this is exactly how many watts of the total power of the heating system are needed for each m 2 of housing.

Step 3. Then the result is multiplied by 1.2 or 1.25 - this is necessary to create a power reserve so that the heating system is able to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house even in the event of the most severe frosts.

Step 4. The final figure is calculated and recorded - the power of the heating system in watts required to heat a particular home. As an example, to maintain a comfortable temperature in a private house with an area of ​​120 m2, approximately 15,000 W will be required.

Advice! In some cases, cottage owners divide the internal area of ​​​​the housing into that part that requires serious heating, and that for which this is unnecessary. Accordingly, different coefficients are used for them - for example, for living rooms it is 100, and for technical rooms it is 50-75.

Step 5. Based on the already determined calculation data, a specific model of the heating boiler and radiators is selected.

It should be understood that the only advantage of this method of thermal calculation of a heating system is speed and simplicity. However, the method has many disadvantages.

1. Lack of consideration of the climate in the area where housing is being built - for Krasnodar, a heating system with a power of 100 W per square meter will be clearly excessive. But for the Far North it may not be sufficient.
2. Failure to take into account the height of the premises, the type of walls and floors from which they are built - all these characteristics seriously affect the level of possible heat losses and, consequently, the required power of the heating system for the house.
3. The method of calculating the heating system by power was originally developed for large industrial premises and apartment buildings. Therefore, it is not correct for an individual cottage.
4. Lack of accounting for the number of windows and doors facing the street, and yet each of these objects is a kind of “cold bridge”.

So does it make sense to use a heating system calculation based on area? Yes, but only as preliminary estimates that allow us to get at least some idea of ​​the issue. To achieve better and more accurate results, you should turn to more complex techniques.

Let's imagine the following method for calculating the power of a heating system - it is also quite simple and understandable, but at the same time it has a higher accuracy of the final result. In this case, the basis for calculations is not the area of ​​the room, but its volume. In addition, the calculation takes into account the number of windows and doors in the building and the average level of frost outside. Let's imagine a small example of the application of this method - there is a house with a total area of ​​80 m2, the rooms in which have a height of 3 m. The building is located in the Moscow region. There are a total of 6 windows and 2 doors facing outside. The calculation of the power of the thermal system will look like this. "How to make , You can read in our article.”

Step 1. The volume of the building is determined. This can be the sum of each individual room or the total figure. In this case, the volume is calculated as follows - 80 * 3 = 240 m 3.

Step 2. The number of windows and the number of doors facing the street are counted. Let's take the data from the example - 6 and 2, respectively.

Step 3. A coefficient is determined depending on the area in which the house is located and how severe the frost is there.

Table. Values ​​of regional coefficients for calculating heating power by volume.

Since the example is about a house built in the Moscow region, the regional coefficient will have a value of 1.2.

Step 4. For detached private cottages, the value of the volume of the building determined in the first operation is multiplied by 60. We do the calculation - 240 * 60 = 14,400.

Step 5. Then the calculation result of the previous step is multiplied by the regional coefficient: 14,400 * 1.2 = 17,280.

Step 6. The number of windows in the house is multiplied by 100, the number of doors facing outside is multiplied by 200. The results are summed up. The calculations in the example look like this – 6*100 + 2*200 = 1000.

Step 7 The numbers obtained from the fifth and sixth steps are summed up: 17,280 + 1000 = 18,280 W. This is the power of the heating system required to maintain the optimal temperature in the building under the conditions specified above.

It is worth understanding that the calculation of the heating system by volume is also not absolutely accurate - the calculations do not pay attention to the material of the walls and floor of the building and their thermal insulation properties. Also, no allowance is made for natural ventilation, which is inherent in any home.

In the process of building any house, sooner or later the question arises - how to correctly calculate the heating system? This pressing problem will never exhaust its resource, because if you buy a boiler with less power than necessary, you will have to spend a lot of effort to create secondary heating with oil and infrared radiators, heat guns, and electric fireplaces.

In addition, monthly maintenance, due to expensive electricity, will cost you a pretty penny. The same thing will happen if you buy a boiler with increased power, which will work at half power and consume no less fuel.

Our calculator for calculating the heating of a private house will help you avoid common mistakes of novice builders. You will receive the value of heat loss and the required heating output of the boiler as close as possible to reality according to the current data of SNiPs and SPs (codes of rules).

The main advantage of the calculator on the website is the reliability of the calculated data and the absence of manual calculations, the entire process is automated, the initial parameters are as generalized as possible, you can easily see their values ​​in the plan of your house or fill them in based on your own experience.

Calculation of a boiler for heating a private house

Using our heating calculation calculator for a private home, you can easily find out the required boiler power to heat your cozy “nest”.

As you remember, in order to calculate the heat loss rate, you need to know several values ​​​​of the main components of the house, which together account for more than 90% of the total losses. For your convenience, we have added to the calculator only those fields that you can fill in without special knowledge:

• glazing;
• thermal insulation;
• window to floor area ratio;
• outside temperature;
• number of walls facing outside;
• what room is above the one being calculated;
• room height;
• room area.

After you receive the value of heat loss at home, to calculate the required boiler power, a correction factor of 1.2 is taken.

How to use the calculator

Remember that the thicker the glazing and the better the thermal insulation, the less heating power will be required.

To get results, you need to answer the following questions:

1. Choose one of the proposed types of glazing (triple or double glazing, regular double-chamber glass).
2. How are your walls insulated? Good thick insulation made from a couple of layers of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, EPS for the north and Siberia. Maybe you live in Central Russia and one layer of insulation is enough for you. Or you are one of those who is building a house in the southern regions and double hollow brick will suit him.
3. What is your window to floor area ratio, in %. If you don’t know this value, it is calculated very simply: divide the floor area by the window area and multiply by 100%.
4. Enter the minimum winter temperature for a couple of seasons and round up. There is no need to use the average temperature in winter, otherwise you risk getting a lower-power boiler and the house will not be heated enough.
5. Are we calculating for the whole house or just for one wall?
6. What is above our premises? If you have a one-story house, choose the type of attic (cold or warm), if the second floor, then a heated room.
7. The height of the ceilings and the area of ​​the room are necessary to calculate the volume of the apartment, which in turn is the basis for all calculations.

Calculation example:

• one-story house in the Kaliningrad region;
• the length of the walls is 15 and 10 m, insulated with one layer of mineral wool;
• ceiling height 3 m;
• 6 windows of 5 m2 each from double-glazed windows;
• the minimum temperature over the last 10 years is 26 degrees;
• we calculate for all 4 walls;
• a warm heated attic above;

The area of ​​our house is 150 m2, and the window area is 30 m2. 30/150*100=20% ratio between windows and floor.

We know everything else, select the appropriate fields in the calculator and get that our house will lose 26.79 kW of heat.

26.79*1.2=32.15 kW - the required heating output of the boiler.

DIY heating system

It is impossible to calculate the heating circuit of a private house without assessing the heat loss of surrounding structures.

Russia typically has long, cold winters and buildings lose heat due to temperature changes inside and outside the premises. The larger the area of ​​the house, enclosing and through structures (roofing, windows, doors), the greater the heat loss. The material and thickness of the walls, the presence or absence of thermal insulation have a significant influence.

For example, walls made of wood and aerated concrete have a much lower thermal conductivity than brick. Materials with maximum thermal resistance are used as insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene foam).

Before creating a heating system for a house, you need to carefully consider all organizational and technical aspects, so that immediately after building the “box”, you can begin the final phase of construction, and not postpone the long-awaited occupancy for many months.

Heating in a private house is based on “three elephants”:

• heating element (boiler);
• pipe system;
• radiators.

Which boiler is better to choose for your home?

Heating boilers are the main component of the entire system. They are the ones who will provide warmth to your home, so you need to be especially careful when choosing them. Based on the type of food they are divided into:

• electrical;
• solid fuel;
• liquid fuel;
• gas.

Each of them has a number of significant advantages and disadvantages.

1. Electric boilershave not gained much popularity, primarily due to their relatively high cost and high maintenance costs. Electricity tariffs leave much to be desired, and there is a possibility of power lines breaking, which could leave your home without heating.
2. Solid fuelboilersoften used in remote villages and towns where there are no centralized communication networks. They heat water using wood, briquettes and coal. An important disadvantage is the need for constant monitoring of fuel; if the fuel burns out and you do not have time to replenish supplies, the house will stop heating. In modern models, this problem is solved due to an automatic feeder, but the price of such devices is incredibly high.
3. Liquid fuel boilers, in the vast majority of cases, run on diesel fuel. They have excellent performance due to high fuel efficiency, but the high price of raw materials and the need for diesel tanks limit many buyers.
4. The most optimal solution for a country house are gas boilers. Due to their small size, low gas price and high heat output, they have won the trust of most of the population.

How to choose heating pipes?

Heating mains supply all heating devices in the house. Depending on the material of manufacture, they are divided into:

• metal;
• metal-plastic;
• plastic.

Metal pipes the most difficult to install (due to the need to weld seams), are susceptible to corrosion, are heavy and expensive. The advantages are high strength, resistance to temperature changes and the ability to withstand high pressures. They are used in apartment buildings; it is not practical to use them in private construction.

Polymer pipes made of metal-plastic and polypropylene are very similar in their parameters. Lightweight material, plasticity, lack of corrosion, noise suppression and, of course, low price. The only difference between the former is the presence of an aluminum layer between two layers of plastic, due to which the thermal conductivity increases. Therefore, metal-plastic pipes are used for heating, and plastic pipes for water supply.

Choosing radiators for the home

The last element of a classic heating system is radiators. They are also divided according to material into the following groups:

• cast iron;
• steel;
• aluminum.

Cast iron Batteries have been familiar to everyone since childhood, because they were installed in almost all apartment buildings. They have high heat capacity (they take a long time to cool down) and are resistant to temperature and pressure changes in the system. The downside is the high price, fragility and complexity of installation.

They were replaced steel radiators. A wide variety of shapes and sizes, low cost and ease of installation have contributed to their widespread adoption. However, they also have their drawbacks. Due to their low thermal capacity, the batteries cool down quickly, and their thin body does not allow them to be used in high-pressure networks.

Recently, heaters made from aluminum. Their main advantage is high heat transfer, which allows you to warm the room to an acceptable temperature in 10-15 minutes. However, they are demanding of the coolant; if the system contains large quantities of alkali or acid, the radiator service life is significantly reduced.

Use the proposed tools to calculate the heating of a private home and design a heating system that will heat your home efficiently, reliably and for a long time, even in the harshest winters.

A competent choice of boiler will allow you to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature during the winter season. A large selection of devices allows you to most accurately select the desired model depending on the required parameters. But in order to provide warmth in the house and at the same time avoid unnecessary expenditure of resources, you need to know how to calculate the power of a gas boiler for heating a private house.

A floor-standing gas boiler has greater power Source termoresurs.ru

The main characteristics affecting the boiler power

The boiler power indicator is the main characteristic, however, the calculation can be carried out using different formulas, depending on the configuration of the device and other parameters. For example, a detailed calculation may take into account the height of the building and its energy efficiency.

Varieties of boiler models

Boilers can be divided into two types depending on the purpose of application:

Single-circuit– used only for heating;

Dual-circuit– used for heating, as well as in hot water supply systems.

Units with one circuit have a simple structure, consisting of a burner and a single heat exchanger.

In dual-circuit systems, the water heating function is primarily provided. When using hot water, the heating is automatically switched off for the duration of hot water use, so that the system is not overloaded. The advantage of a dual-circuit system is its compactness. Such a heating complex takes up much less space than if the hot water supply and heating systems were used separately.

Boiler models are often divided by placement method.

Depending on their type, boilers can be installed in different ways. You can choose a wall-mounted or floor-mounted model. It all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house, the capacity and functionality of the room in which the boiler will be located. The installation method of the boiler is also affected by its power. For example, floor-standing boilers have more power compared to wall-mounted models.

In addition to fundamental differences in purpose of use and placement methods, gas boilers also differ in control methods. There are models with electronic and mechanical control. Electronic systems can only operate in homes with constant access to the power grid.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer house insulation service. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Typical power calculations for devices

There is no single algorithm for calculating both single- and double-circuit boilers - each system must be selected separately.

Formula for a typical project

When calculating the required power for heating a house built according to a standard design, that is, with a room height of no more than 3 meters, the volume of the premises is not taken into account, and the power indicator is calculated as follows:

Determine the specific thermal power: Um = 1 kW/10 m2;

Rm = Mind * P * Kr, where

P – a value equal to the sum of the areas of heated premises,

Kr is a correction factor that is taken in accordance with the climatic zone in which the building is located.

Some coefficient values ​​for different regions of Russia:

Southern – 0.9;

Located in the middle zone – 1.2;

Northern – 2.0.

For the Moscow region, a coefficient value of 1.5 is taken.

This technique does not reflect the main factors influencing the microclimate in the house, and only approximately shows how to calculate the power of a gas boiler for a private home.

Some manufacturers issue recommendations, but for accurate calculations they still recommend contacting specialists Source parki48.ru

Example calculation for a single-circuit device installed in a room with an area of ​​100 m2, located in the Moscow region:

Рм = 1/10 * 100 * 1.5 = 15 (kW)

Calculations for dual-circuit devices

Double-circuit devices have the following operating principle. For heating, water is heated and supplied through the heating system to radiators, which release heat to the environment, thereby heating the rooms and cooling them. When cooling, the water flows back to be heated. Thus, water circulates along the heating system circuit, and goes through heating cycles and transfer to the radiators. At the moment when the ambient temperature becomes equal to the set one, the boiler goes into standby mode for some time, i.e. Temporarily stops heating the water, then starts heating again.

For domestic needs, the boiler heats water and supplies it to the taps, and not to the heating system.

When calculating the power of a device with two circuits, another 20% of the calculated value is usually added to the resulting power.

An example of calculation for a two-circuit device that is installed in a room with an area of ​​100 m2; the coefficient is taken for the Moscow region:

R m = 1/10 * 100 * 1.5 = 15 (kW)

P total = 15 + 15*20% = 18 (kW)

Additional factors taken into account when installing the boiler

In construction, there is also the concept of energy efficiency of a building, that is, how much heat a building releases to the environment.

One of the indicators of heat transfer is the dissipation coefficient (Kp). This value is a constant, i.e. constant and does not change when calculating the level of heat transfer of structures made of the same materials.

It is necessary to take into account not only the power of the boiler, but also the possible heat loss of the building itself Source pechiudachi.ru

For calculations, a coefficient is taken, which, depending on the building, can be equal to different values ​​and the use of which will help you understand how to calculate the power of a gas boiler for a home more accurately:

The lowest level of heat transfer, corresponding to a K p value of 0.6 to 0.9, is assigned to buildings made of modern materials, with insulated floors, walls and roofs;

K p is equal to from 1.0 to 1.9, if the external walls of the building are insulated, the roof is insulated;

K p is equal to from 2.0 to 2.9 in houses without insulation, for example, brick houses with single masonry;

K p is equal to from 3.0 to 4.0 in non-insulated rooms, in which the level of thermal insulation is low.

Heat loss level QT calculated according to the formula:

Q T = V * P t *k/860 where

V – is the volume of the room

Pt- R temperature difference calculated by subtracting the minimum possible air temperature in the region from the desired room temperature,

k – safety factor.

The boiler power, when taking into account the dissipation coefficient, is calculated by multiplying the calculated level of heat loss by the safety factor (usually from 15% to 20%, then multiply by 1.15 and 1.20, respectively)

This technique allows you to more accurately determine productivity and, therefore, approach the issue of choosing a boiler with the highest quality possible.

What happens if you incorrectly calculate the required power?

It is still worth choosing a boiler so that it matches the power required to heat the building. This will be the best option, since first of all, purchasing a boiler that does not match the power level can lead to two types of problems:

A low-power boiler will always work at the limit, trying to heat the room to the set temperature, and can quickly fail;

A device with an excessively high power level costs more and, even in economy mode, consumes more gas than a less powerful device.

Calculator for calculating boiler power

For those who do not like to do calculations, even if they are not very complicated, a special calculator will help you calculate a boiler for heating your home - a free online application.

Interface of an online calculator for calculating boiler power Source idn37.ru

As a rule, the calculation service requires you to fill out all the fields, which will help you make the most accurate calculations, including the power of the device and the thermal insulation of the house.

To obtain the final result, you will also need to enter the total area that will require heating.

Next, you should fill out information about the type of glazing, the level of thermal insulation of walls, floors and ceilings. As additional parameters, the height at which the ceiling is located in the room is also taken into account, and information about the number of walls interacting with the street is entered. The number of floors of the building and the presence of structures on top of the house are taken into account.

After entering the required fields, the calculation button becomes “active” and you can get the calculation by clicking on the corresponding button. To check the information received, you can use calculation formulas.

Video description

To see how to calculate the power of a gas boiler, watch the video:

Advantages of using gas boilers

Gas equipment has a number of advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

possibility of partial automation of the boiler operation process;

unlike other energy sources, natural gas has a low cost;

The devices do not require frequent maintenance.

The disadvantages of gas systems include the high risk of gas explosion, however, with proper storage of gas cylinders and timely maintenance, this risk is minimal.

On our website you can familiarize yourself with construction companies, which offer services for connecting electrical and gas equipment. You can communicate directly with representatives at the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

Despite the apparent simplicity of the calculations, we must remember that gas equipment must be selected and installed by professionals. In this case, you will receive a trouble-free device that will work properly for many years.