Calculation of staircase design online. Calculation of a metal staircase to the second floor: program for calculating steps and landing. Combined staircase design

Any stationary staircase in the house must meet certain standards so that its design can ensure safety, as well as comfortable conditions for moving along it. To do this, a calculation is made of a wooden staircase to the second floor, which is not much different from the calculation of a metal or concrete structure. Its correctness depends on many factors, but first of all it is knowledge and experience, the ability to navigate the standards prescribed in SNiP and GOST.

Basic designs of wooden stairs

Any wooden staircase is assembled from several components:

• support beams, which are bowstrings or stringers;
• support column mounted for screw structures;
• steps, the elements of which are treads and risers;
• railings consisting of balusters and handrails.

The strings are located on the sides of the stairs and cover the ends of the steps, which are inserted between the support beams and then fixed. The treads with risers are, as it were, recessed into the staircase structure. If we talk about the stringer, then the steps are laid on top of it. There cannot be more than two strings in a staircase, and stringers, depending on the width of the flight and its design features, can be found from one to three or four (main and intermediate).

The tread is the horizontal part of the step, and the riser is the vertical part. The second component of the stage may be missing in the design. The railing serves for support and safety of a person ascending or descending.

The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor depends on its appearance and design features, and staircases are divided into two main groups:

• curved, including screw and with winder steps;
• marching - straight, with intermediate or turning platforms, as well as without them.

Which staircase will be installed is determined based on the size of the room, the dimensions of the staircase opening and the style solution.

How is the calculation made?

First, you need to clarify exactly where the staircase will be located and take the necessary measurements. To do this, define:

• floor height between finished floor levels;
• the length of the area allocated for the installation of the stairs;
• dimensions of the staircase opening.

The type of staircase design depends on these parameters. The small size of the opening and the area intended for its installation dictate the need for a spiral staircase, but in this case the calculations will be more complicated. Therefore, we will consider the simplest option - calculating a staircase on stringers with one flight.

steps

At the first stage, the steps of the staircase are calculated - their number and size. The distance between the finished floor levels of two floors is taken as the height of the stairs. To determine the number of steps, its indicator is divided by the expected size of the riser. Its recommended height is 15-18 cm, although standards allow this size to be reduced to 12 cm or increased to 20 cm. The figure obtained as a result of division is rounded. This is the estimated number of steps.

It should be noted that one flight cannot have less than three or more than 18 steps. When obtaining a larger number, it would be better to divide the staircase structure into two or three flights, and provide intermediate or turning platforms between them.

Having finally decided on the number of steps, you can calculate the actual size of the riser. To do this, the height of the stairs is divided by the number of rises. The result is the calculated height of the step.

It is important to know that the dimensions of the height and depth of the steps must be the same within the same flight. This is done so that when a person moves up the stairs, his step does not go astray.

At the second stage, they begin to calculate the width (or depth) of the tread. Standards allow their sizes from 23.50 to 35.50 cm, but the optimal width is considered to be 28-32 cm. To more accurately determine this parameter, a formula for calculating stair steps is used, which indicates that the sum of the height (h) and depth (b) the steps in the plan should be 47 cm. In other words, the depth of the tread:

The result obtained is also rounded and taken as a basis if it meets the optimal dimensions. There is another ratio of height/depth of degree, which can also be used in calculations:

Stair length

You can calculate the length of a flight of stairs in a fairly simple way. To do this, you will need the previously calculated number of steps in the flight, minus one, and their calculated width (or depth). These indicators are simply multiplied together.

If the length of the staircase turns out to be too long, then it is made to rotate 90 or 180 degrees and is supplemented with intermediate platforms or winder steps.

An important role in the calculation and design of a wooden staircase is played by the height of the clearance between the horizontal plane of the step and the lowest part of the ceiling structure located in front of the staircase opening. The vertical distance here should be more than 1.90-2.00 meters, so that a tall person climbing or descending cannot accidentally injure himself.

The calculation of a wooden staircase should be taken with full responsibility. Competent design and adherence to installation technology will ensure optimal operating conditions.

The construction of a house with a second floor involves the creation of a staircase that connects the floors to each other. The simplest and most affordable option for self-construction is a single-flight staircase. However, even in this case, you need to know how to calculate the steps of the staircase at the design stage so that it turns out not only safe, but also comfortable.

The calculation of stair steps is carried out based on such a parameter as the human step. Its average value ranges from 600 to 640 mm. How, based on this value, can you make a calculation (the height of the riser and the depth of the tread)?

There are formulas that relate the height and depth of a step to specific numerical parameters characteristic of a human step. Here are the most significant ratios:

1. Y + 2H = S;
2. Y + H = 460 mm;
3. Y – H = 120 mm.

Designations: Y – step depth, H – step height, S – average human step (600–640 mm). The first formula is the main one. The second is a simplified version of the first, it is also called the safety formula. Using the third formula will help make the stairs more comfortable. All these ratios were obtained back in the 18th century, but they are still considered reference values ​​to this day. If your dimensions match the standard ones, then the staircase will be comfortable and safe.

In addition to formulas that allow you to correctly calculate the size of steps, there are recommended parameters. For example, the area of ​​the step should be such that a person, when walking up the stairs, rests on his entire foot or at least most of it. The depth of the tread determines this area. The minimum depth is 25 cm. This is especially important for descent. On the other hand, if the depth of the steps is too deep, a person, going up to the second floor or going down, will certainly lose his step. The area of ​​the step, of course, will be sufficient for placing your feet, but walking from floor to floor when the steps are wider than 40 cm is no longer comfortable. Thus, the depth is selected from the range of 25–40 cm. The optimal value is 30 cm.

You can do it differently - take the shoes of those people who will use the stairs and increase their size by a couple of centimeters.

The resulting values ​​will become a guideline for choosing the tread depth. If the depth is too small, which happens, for example, due to the large angle of inclination of the stairs, then protrusions (overlaps) are used. The width of the tread section overhanging the underlying step should not exceed 5 cm.

When the tread depth is selected, the calculation can be made according to the formulas described above. But there are also recommended values. The height is selected from the range of 12–22 cm. It is undesirable to make the steps high if children and elderly people will use the stairs. Steps that are too low are also not recommended, since you will have to step often and shallowly, which is inconvenient. The optimal height is 15 cm. Important!

The steps must be the same height. When going down to the bottom floor in the dark, it is very easy to trip when the actual height of the step differs from the expected one, as we rely on muscle memory.

Choosing the width of the march One of the parameters of the steps is their width. It is more correct to call it the width of the march. The ability to comfortably move up the stairs depends on this value.

The width of the march should not be less than 70 cm.

The length of the steps can be longer when it is necessary to increase the so-called capacity of the stairs. In apartment buildings and public buildings, where a large number of people are involved in moving from floor to floor, flights of stairs reach a width of one and a half meters, or even more. In private buildings, the width of the flight of stairs leading to the upper floor often coincides with the width of the doorway to which it adjoins.

What can the parameters of the steps depend on?

• number of steps;
• height of the stairs;
• tilt angle.

To determine the number of steps, the interfloor distance is divided by the height of one step. Everything is simple, but the problem is that the resulting value may not be an integer. The solution is to make the lower frieze step non-standard. Its area will not change, but its height will be less than that of the others - it is equal to the product of the remainder and the original height of the steps.

Another option is to spread the “extra” over all the steps, increasing their height. The calculation is simple - the remainder is multiplied by the height of the step, the resulting product is divided by the number of steps and this quotient is added to the original height of each step. Obviously, the change will be insignificant if there are many steps.

Graphical method

A method using graphical constructions allows you to obtain the parameters of the steps (height and depth), taking as a basis their number (of steps). To do this, a coordinate system is constructed, on the horizontal axis of which the values ​​of the average human step are plotted, and on the vertical axis - half of this value.

When the tread depth is selected, the calculation can be made according to the formulas described above. But there are also recommended values. The height is selected from the range of 12–22 cm. It is undesirable to make the steps high if children and elderly people will use the stairs. Steps that are too low are also not recommended, since you will have to step often and shallowly, which is inconvenient. The optimal height is 15 cm. With this calculation, you need to choose a suitable scale, otherwise the drawing will require too large an area.

If the average human step is taken to be 620 mm, and the scale is chosen to be 1:10, then segments of 66 mm are plotted on the horizontal axis, and 31 mm on the vertical axis. The number of segments on each of the axes must be equal to the number of steps.

Having axes with marks, draw lines connecting the first mark on the horizontal axis with the first mark on the vertical, the second – with the second, the third – with the third, etc. Having received a series of parallel inclined lines, a straight line is drawn from the center of coordinates, indicating the steepness of the stairs. Now, from each point of intersection of a straight line with inclined lines, two segments are drawn:

• the first - to the left, parallel to the horizontal axis;
• the second - upward, parallel to the vertical axis.

As a result, the boundaries of the steps should be outlined. Their width and height are determined by simply measuring the resulting lines on the graph. The final dimensions are obtained taking into account scaling (for example, multiplying by 10 if the scale was 1:10).

Online calculator

The easiest way to calculate the parameters of stairs is an online calculator. No special knowledge or skills are required here. In addition, online calculators allow you to calculate the parameters of not only simple single-flight staircases to the second floor, but also spiral staircases, as well as staircases with winder steps. The calculation can be made with different initial data. In one case, to obtain the required dimensions, the floor height and room area are entered into the program. In another case, calculations are made based on the height of the steps and the angle of inclination of the structure. Online calculator for stairs and other construction work

Online calculators that calculate the parameters of stairs are developed, as a rule, in compliance with the standards specified in GOST.

Using such programs can benefit not only beginners, but also professionals.

In the modern world there are many opportunities that people previously did not even think about. Anyone planning or completing a floor will definitely need a program for calculating the stairs to the second floor. This important element in organizing space requires attention. Therefore, you should approach design with all seriousness.

Existing forms of stairs

1. As with any other business, before you start you need to:
2. Decide what kind of staircase you want to equip to the second floor.
3. You should also think about what the material will be like. After all, stairs are presented on the modern market in a wide variety of variations.
4. How much money are you willing to spend on this design? This question is also important, because it depends on what kind of project should be done.
   
   
5. It is also worth considering the design solution of the staircase structure. Indeed, today there are many options offered on the market.

Decor details should also be thought through in advance, this will make it easier to calculate the amount required to equip the space.

All these nuances are important when creating a diagram of future gangways remotely through special programs.

What parameters need to be measured before design?

Staircase project created in a special program

1. The steps should be comfortable to move.
2. It is worth considering what kind of fastenings will be installed in the staircase opening.
3. Often people make an erroneous measurement of height, calculating the distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling of the same tier as the required number. With such a calculation, errors are inevitable. After all, it is necessary to calculate the distance to the beginning of the second floor of the room.

FloorPlan 3D

This program is clear and easy to understand even for inexperienced users. Therefore, you should pay attention to it.

Designing a staircase in FloorPlan 3D

Benefits of the program

In addition to the structure of the stairs, it is also possible to design and. This will help you see the result before constructing the second floor or the building as a whole. There are many utilities and elements for staircase design on this resource.

Flaws

Such a program must be downloaded to a personal computer with a sufficient amount of memory on its hard drive.

Online staircase designer

The program, which bears the appropriate name, can be used for its intended purpose. This software will help:

Calculation of stairs using an online calculator

Do you need a staircase to the second or third floor, to a house or apartment, and would you like to estimate different design options? It’s easy to calculate a comfortable staircase using our online calculator. The calculator will help you pre-determine the type of staircase and obtain initial data for the future project. It's quite easy to work with. You need to fill in the fields provided and the program will prepare a drawing and also evaluate the degree of convenience of the staircase with the given parameters.

To calculate the stairs you will need the following data:

• Will it be an open staircase (metal support or bowstrings remain visible), a closed version (for example, full wooden cladding of steps and stringers), a monostring (a staircase on one central carrier to which the steps are attached). If space for a staircase is limited, a spiral staircase may be the solution.
• Will it be a staircase with a turn of 90 (g-shaped) or 180 degrees (p-shaped), or a straight flight
• What is the lift height
• What is the length of the opening in the upper floor

You can see a staircase with different turning elements (landing or winder steps). The program will create a 3D model of the staircase and also generate useful tips for improving the comfort of the staircase. By increasing and decreasing the number of steps in each march, you can choose the optimal ratio of data.

In the prepared project you will see all the details: the length of the string, the number of steps in each flight, the angle of inclination and rotation of the stairs, the location and number of turning elements, the length of the tread and the height of the steps. The data obtained will allow you to accurately formulate your requirements when ordering a staircase and receive information from our manager about the cost of manufacturing the structure.

Rice. 1 General drawing of the stairs

• Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
• X - length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• W - width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your home for the stairs
• Z - thickness of steps - geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build the stairs
• F - step protrusion - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
• A - thickness of the string - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make the string of the stairs
• B - support thickness - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, pipes) from which you plan to make the staircase supports
• H - height of the step above the string - vertical distance between the step and the string
• D - size - the distance by which the step will hang over the support in the direction of rise
• U - angle of inclination of the support to the vertical
• C - number of steps - in how many steps will it be most comfortable for you to move from floor to floor

Function “Upper step below the floor of the 2nd floor: SP”

Rice. 2 Execution of the staircase with the top step below the floor of the 2nd floor

Depending on the relative placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

1. The upper plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the upper floor;
2. The upper plane of the top step is lower than the plane of the floor of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of one or another mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of blanks for stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the figure in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor ceiling is greater than in the figure in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the ceiling is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply will not rest against the ceiling (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

Function "Black and white drawing:"

Rice. 2 Black and white drawing of a staircase

It is advisable to use this function in two cases:

1. If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, better perceive graphics without color content
2. If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint/toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

Function "Change lifting direction: LR"

Rice. 4 Type of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

1. Rise from left to right;
2. Ascent from right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of metal stairs

The main result of this calculator:

1. Information needed to make strings and supports
2. Information required for making steps

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are made, and the frame of the iron staircase is also calculated.

All other drawings show the final appearance of the structure: after joining the strings, supports and steps with each other.

A special feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

1. Assessing the convenience of the stairs;
2. Adjustment of staircase design.

Assessing the convenience of a staircase is carried out according to three criteria:

1. Compliance of the design with the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of the step depth and the two heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.
2. Step depth. Comfortable step depth is from 28 cm. For a given opening length, the step depth can be adjusted by changing the protrusion. Calculation of the steps of a metal staircase is carried out using a convenient calculator.
3. The angle of inclination of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At tilt angles from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of movement between floors is significantly reduced. Inclination angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs, as well as the amount of metal used in the work.

Based on the results of assessing a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is given for each of the criteria, and the staircase is assigned an overall level of convenience. The online metal staircase calculator evaluates whether the staircase meets well-known convenience criteria, but you should always remember that your staircase in your home should serve your purposes as effectively as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world, also with your own hands - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

1. Reduce/increase the number of steps;
2. Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
3. Reduce/increase the length of the opening.

After adjusting the design, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such adjustments will have to be made several more times.

Instructions for the metal ladder calculator

In order to calculate a straight metal staircase using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the staircase, the materials with which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use.

Before you start work, you need to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase is adjacent to the wall, or in contact with elements of the interior of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Perhaps, to choose the right option in terms of size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before you start processing the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is suitable for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

Stairs with metal strings presented on our website can be divided into categories according to four criteria that depend on each other:

1. Length dimensions

A. Maximum length - all steps are located on one flight;

b. Average length - steps are placed on two flights;

2. Width dimensions

A. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two flights, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of strings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel flights, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

V. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one flight, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. Difficulty in manufacturing

A. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings and rectangular steps;

b. Medium complexity of manufacturing - made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

4. According to the type of strings and the fastening of steps to them, stairs are divided into two categories:

A. On supports - the string is a solid beam to which supports for the steps are attached;

b. With a zigzag bowstring - the bowstring consists of many mutually perpendicular parts located horizontally and vertically.

In each specific situation, the floor height is already specified. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the staircase is flatter, or steeper, etc. Having this information, we can talk about the number of ascents (steps and platforms) in a particular situation .

How to calculate a metal staircase using an online calculator with drawings?

Let's imagine that we have, for example, 13 climbs - steps and platforms. The design of a staircase is the shape of these rises (steps, landings) and how these 13 rises are placed relative to each other. Calculation of a metal staircase in our calculator is carried out using the following methods.

You can place all these 13 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “Metal staircase”, ““. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture. You can calculate a metal staircase to the second floor using a convenient and intuitive program.

These 13 rises can be placed in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90° (when viewed from above) - “ “, “ ” (for example, 4 steps on the lower flight, a platform and 8 steps on the upper flight). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an adjustable dimension in width. Calculating the steps of a metal staircase will help you correctly calculate the volume of material that will be needed to complete this work.

You can place these 13 rises in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed next to each other - “°”, “ ” (for example, 4 steps on the lower flight, a platform and 8 steps on the upper flight). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.