Missile carrier Admiral Kuznetsov. Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov": history and characteristics. Brief history of creation

"Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Kuznetsov - our only aircraft carrier and largest warship Russian fleet throughout its more than three-century history.

Formally, the Admiral Kuznetsov is not an aircraft carrier: according to the official classification, this ship was called a heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser during its construction and construction, and after being included in the Navy, it was called a heavy aircraft carrier cruiser (TAVKR). However, it is often called an aircraft carrier, because that is what it is - both in design and in the range of tasks it solves. The birth of this ship was preceded by long haul trial and error. For subjective reasons, the Soviet leadership stubbornly did not want to approve the construction of aircraft carriers, considering them too expensive and vulnerable. As an alternative, the USSR built TAVKR projects 1143 and 1143.4 with Yak-38M vertical take-off and landing aircraft. Only in 1978 was a resolution of the Council of Ministers adopted on the creation of a Project 1143.5 ship with full-fledged carrier-based aircraft on board. True, the proposal to equip the TAVKR with catapults was never approved. Due to the strict requirement to limit the total displacement of the ship to 55 thousand tons, the designers had to make a number of compromises, but by the spring of 1982 the development of the project was completed.

DESCRIPTION

TAVKR project 1143.5 (since 1981 - 11435) is distinguished by a purely “aircraft carrier” architecture with an “island” shifted to the starboard side. The area of ​​the through flight deck is 14,800 sq. m, the corner part measuring 205 x 26 m is located at an angle of 7 degrees to the center plane. For the first time in our fleet, hydraulic aerofinishers, an emergency barrier, optical system Luna landings and airborne aircraft lifts. The bow is equipped with a springboard. The take-off run of the Su-33 fighter from two starting positions is 100 m, and from the third position - 200 m.

The hull has a solid double bottom and 9 decks; total number interior spaces for various purposes - 3857. The hangar, with an area of ​​153 x 26 m in height, occupies three inter-deck spaces (7.2 m). Inside, it is equipped with a semi-automatic system for chain transportation of aircraft (instead of tractor-tugs used abroad); tractors are used only for delivery aircraft on elevator platforms.

In order to fire safety The hangar is divided into 4 compartments by fire-resistant folding curtains. Local box-shaped armor covers fuel tanks and aviation ammunition magazines; the total supply of aviation fuel is about 2,500 tons. Underwater anti-torpedo protection, 4.5 m wide, consists of three longitudinal bulkheads, one of which (2nd) is armored (multilayer). Power plant includes 4 turbo-gear units TV-12-4 and 8 steam boilers KVG-4. Compared to its predecessor, the Baku TAVKR of Project 1143.4, due to the increased fuel supply, the cruising range and autonomy increased: the latter amounted to 45 days.

According to the tradition established in our fleet, the TAVKR was equipped with Granit strike missiles, located in 12 below-deck inclined silos. Anti-aircraft weapons have also become very powerful: 4 vertical modules launchers The Kinzhal air defense system and 8 of the latest Kortik missile and artillery systems. The size of the air wing under the project is 50 aircraft and helicopters. Electronic weapons: combat information and control system "Lesorub" and multifunctional complex "Mars-Passat", three-dimensional radar "Fregat-MA", radar for detecting low-flying targets "Podkat", navigation complex"Buran-2", flight control radar "Resistor", electronic warfare system "Sozvezdie-BR", hydroacoustic complex "Zvezda-M1". In total, more than 450 pieces of radio equipment for various purposes were installed on board the ship.

PURPOSE AND OPERATION

The main purpose of the Admiral Kuznetsov TAVKR is considered to provide cover for the deployment area of ​​strategic nuclear submarines. Is it true, excellent characteristics The Su-33 aircraft now made it possible to successfully fight enemy anti-submarine aircraft and long-range radar detection aircraft, even if they had fighter cover. Thus, our fleet has finally received the necessary “air umbrella”, without which it is almost impossible to operate outside coastal waters in a modern war.

The TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" moved from the Black Sea to the Northern Fleet in December 1991, and in subsequent years carried out training for air wing flights and conducted firing exercises in the Barents Sea. In December 1995 - March 1996, he led a multi-purpose group on a trip to the Mediterranean Sea. During combat service, 14,156 miles were covered, 524 airplane and 996 helicopter flights were performed. In 2004, 2005, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2011-2012, “Admiral Kuznetsov” made long trips to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and in 2015-2018 participated in the operation in Syria. Modernization of the ship is planned for the near future. In particular, it is planned to completely update the composition of the air group: instead of the exhausted Su-33, 26 MiG-29K carrier-based fighters will enter service with the aircraft carrier.

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER "ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV"

• Displacement, t:
  standard: 46 540
  full: 61,400
• Dimensions, m:
  maximum length: 306.5
  maximum width: 72
  draft: 10.5
• Power plant: steam turbine with a capacity of 200,000 liters. With.
• Maximum speed, knots: 29
• Cruising range: 7680 miles at 18 knots, 3850 miles at 29 knots
• Armament: 12 anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems "Kortik", 2 RBU-12000 "Udav", 6 30-mm automatic gun mounts AK- 630M
• Composition of the air group:
  — according to the project: 36 ist. Su-27K or MiG-29K, 14 vert. Ka-27
  - for 1996: 15 ist. Su-33 (Su-27K), 1 attack. Su-25UTG, 11 vert. Ka-27
  — for 2013: 10 ist. Su-33.2 assault. Su-25UTG, 12 vert. Ka-27.2 vert. Ka-31
• Crew, people: 1960 + 626 air group

Project 1143.5 heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser

Previous names - in order of assignment:

- “Leonid Brezhnev” (launching),

- “Tbilisi” (tests)

The only one in the lineup Navy Russian Federation in its class (as of 2015). Designed to destroy large surface targets and defend naval formations from attacks by a potential enemy.

Named in honor of Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

Built in Nikolaev, at the Black Sea Shipyard.

Part of the Northern Fleet. During cruises, the cruiser is based on Su-25UTG and Su-33 aircraft of the 279th naval fighter aviation regiment (based airfield - Severomorsk-3) and Ka-27 and Ka-29 helicopters of the 830th separate naval anti-submarine helicopter regiment (based airfield - Severomorsk-1).

Construction

The fifth heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of the USSR, Riga, was laid down on the slipway of the Black Sea Shipyard on September 1, 1982. It differed from its predecessors in the ability for aircraft to take off and land on it for the first time. traditional scheme, modified versions of the land Su-27, MiG-29 and Su-25. To achieve this, it had a significantly enlarged flight deck and a springboard for aircraft take-off. Construction for the first time in the USSR was carried out using a progressive method of forming a hull from large blocks weighing up to 1400 tons.

Even before the completion of assembly, after the death of Leonid Brezhnev, on November 22, 1982, the cruiser was renamed in his honor to “Leonid Brezhnev”. The launch took place on December 4, 1985, after which its completion continued afloat.

Loading and installation of weapons on the aircraft carrier (except for the zonal block of launchers of the Granit anti-ship missile complex), electrical equipment, aviation equipment, ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment of the premises took place afloat, during the completion of the ship at the Northern embankment of the Big Bucket.

On August 11, 1987, it was renamed “Tbilisi”. On June 8, 1989 it was launched mooring tests, and on September 8, 1989 - check-in of the crew. On October 21, 1989, the unfinished and understaffed ship was put out to sea, where it conducted a series of flight tests of aircraft intended to be based on board. During these tests, the first takeoffs and landings of aircraft on it were carried out. On November 1, 1989, the first landings of the MiG-29K, Su-27K and Su-25UTG were carried out. The first takeoff from it was made by the MiG-29K on the same day and the Su-25UTG and Su-27K the next day, November 2, 1989. After the end of the test cycle, on November 23, 1989 he returned to the plant for completion. In 1990, she went to sea many times to conduct factory and state tests.

On October 4, 1990, it was renamed once again (4th) and became known as “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov.”

Specifications

Dimensions

Length - 305.0 m
-Waterline length - 270 meters
-Maximum width - 72 meters
-Waterline width - 35.0 m
-Draft - 10.0 m
-Standard displacement - 43 thousand tons
-Full displacement - 55 thousand tons
-Maximum displacement - 58.6 thousand tons

Power plant

Steam turbines - 4 x 50 thousand horsepower
-Number of boilers - 8
-Number of screws - 4
-Power of turbogenerators - 9 x 1500 kilowatts
-Maximum speed - 29 knots
-Navigation range maximum speed- 3850 miles at a speed of 29 knots
-Economic speed - 18 knots
-Maximum cruising range - 8000 miles at a speed of 18 knots
-Autonomy - 45 days

Armament

As of 2014, the air wing includes 20 airplanes and 17 helicopters.