Industrial air heating systems. Air heating of the house. Experience of forum members Heating with warm air

An efficient heating system is a vital component of any home. Many homeowners are familiar with a traditional hydronic system, but not everyone is aware of the alternative heating method using air. We will talk about all the nuances of organizing an air heating system and its advantages in the article.

Principle of operation

The basis of the air heating system is the continuous supply and distribution of warm air throughout the rooms, and the heat generator plays the role of a key element. It is he who is responsible for heating the air mass to 45-65 ° C, which then enters the rooms through air ducts.

The most popular heat generators today are those powered by gas or electricity. In modern energy-efficient houses, together with air heating, geothermal heat generators, solar collectors and other clean energy sources are used. Air circulation can be organized in the following ways:

• natural when air moves due to a temperature gradient;
• forced, as a result of the operation of fans.

It is important to understand that heating a room with air involves a complex process of heat regulation, because the direct heating of the air is also supplemented by ventilation of the rooms.

1. Air preparation unit. 2. External air ducts. 3. Internal supply air duct. 4. Internal exhaust air duct. 5. Air distribution grille or diffuser

Advantages of heating houses with air

Among the advantages are the following:

1. Reliable operation and zero chance of freezing.
2. Economic benefit. Heating is harmoniously combined with air conditioning, humidification or air purification with a single network of air ducts, which will allow its owner to save a lot on installation and materials.
3. Warming rooms with air eliminates additional heat consumption for heating radiators and other structural elements, which cannot be said about water heating.
4. Possibility of system automation.
5. Minimum time to warm up the room to the desired temperature. Taking into account the parameters of the working system and the dimensions of the room, the warm-up time reaches 40-60 minutes.
6. Lack of intermediate coolant (water).
7. There is no need to install heating radiators; air ducts can be easily hidden in the walls and ceiling.
8. Simplicity and accessibility of installation, ease of maintenance.
9. Proper organization of the system and its operation allow you to use air heating for a long time.

Despite its efficiency and rationality, the system is not without a number of disadvantages, for example, noise is a frequent guest in a heated house. For uniform heating, active air circulation in the room is required. An accurate calculation and precise distribution of air ducts is required in order to eliminate temperature differences near the floor and under the ceiling, and at the same time not create strong drafts and air currents.

For discreet installation of supply and exhaust ventilation channels, flat channels of rectangular cross-section are used

Full air conditioning involves humidity control and filtration, which adds complexity to the heating system design. For uniform distribution, an extensive and balanced network of air ducts is required, which can only be laid during the construction of a house or major renovation.

Air heating is quite reasonably combined with a ventilation system. The requirements for the operation and performance of these systems can be found in the Code of Rules SP 60.13330.2012 and SNiP 41-01-2003. When independently designing and assembling air heating, do not forget about the different requirements for ventilation of living spaces, kitchens, bathrooms and utility rooms.

Types of air heating systems

According to the principle of operation, air heating can be direct-flow or recirculating. Each of these methods has its own specific features and recommendations for design and operation.

Direct flow

The operating scheme is quite simple:

1. The heat generator generates heat, which enters the air heat exchanger.
2. The fan draws pre-filtered air from the street and passes it through the heat exchanger.
3. Hot air is distributed through air ducts throughout the rooms.
4. The hood removes exhaust air from the room directly to the street.

The volume of supply and exhaust air is selected to ensure the required air exchange rate and depends on the internal volume of all heated rooms. There should be a little more air in the air supply to create increased pressure in the house to prevent cold air from escaping from cracks, windows and doors.

This system is extremely simple to implement, but very expensive to operate. The heat generator needs to heat cold air from the street in direct-flow mode to a comfortable temperature, while the hood actively discharges still warm air after the first passage through the premises. Perfect for heating a small country house or cottage.

1. Air duct. 2. Filter. 3. Duct fan. 4. Electric instantaneous air heater

Recirculation

Air from the room is not discharged to the street. Through the ventilation ducts it returns to the heat exchanger and is heated again. The air in the room passes repeatedly through the heating system, and heating it requires a minimum of energy, which is necessary only to replenish natural heat losses. This heating method is characterized by efficiency, but in its simplest form it does not meet hygiene requirements, because dust and carbon dioxide constantly accumulate in a closed system.

A recirculating air heating system effectively reuses indoor air without wasting heat outside, while still allowing in fresh air from outside.

There are two design options:

1. With natural circulation (gravity system).
2. With forced supply and exhaust ventilation.

In the first case, hot air from the heat generator enters the premises through ventilation ducts, where it cools down and, under the influence of gravity, falls back to the heat exchanger. Simple implementation and a minimum of initial investments are combined with energy independence, but are ineffective for maintaining a comfortable microclimate. A building experiences a significant difference in air temperature near the floor and under the ceiling.

Scheme of a gravity-air heating system. 1. Heat generator. 2. Air ducts. 3 Ventilation grilles on the supply line with adjustable louvers. 4. Ventilation grilles or hood diffusers

In combination with a full-fledged supply and exhaust ventilation system, heating with recovery provides maximum effect and complete control of the microclimate in the house.

From the room, the air enters the recirculation, where it passes through coarse and fine filters. Some of it is discharged onto the street, and a portion of fresh air takes its place, mixing with recovery. This is followed by heating and, if necessary, humidification or dehumidification. Conditioned air is re-entered into the premises.

Air heating with recirculation is the most efficient and thoughtful. Energy is spent only to replenish the heat loss of the house through the building envelope and during air renewal in an optimal volume sufficient to create a comfortable microclimate.

Air preparation and recovery unit. 1. Dampers with servo drive control. 2. Inlet air filter. 3. Recuperator.4. Pocket duct fine filter. 5. Duct fans. 6. Heat exchanger for heating. 7. Heat exchanger for cooling. 8. Thermal sensor. 9. Humidity sensor

Supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery and preliminary air preparation can act not only as air heating. The heat exchanger, which is part of the preparation complex, can be used for both heating and cooling. So one set of equipment, a set of air ducts, controls and settings will provide year-round control of the microclimate in the house.

The main advantage of air heating with recovery and forced air circulation is the most complete automation of the process. The supply of fresh air can be controlled by a carbon dioxide sensor or to ensure the required air exchange rate, valves and dampers with servo drives are used. One controller controls the fans, the humidification and dehumidification unit, and the operation of the heat generator. The user can set the heating or cooling mode, system activity according to a schedule or even in fully automatic mode, based on the readings of temperature and air composition humidity sensors.

Fresh air inlet with duct fan and servo-controlled damper

Specifics of self-installation

Today there are many companies that are ready to develop and implement air heating at the site. However, you can build it yourself. The entire process begins with the selection of key equipment - the heat source, heat exchangers and a set of duct components. A gas heat generator can successfully serve as a source. To decide on the choice of a specific device, it is necessary to take into account the upcoming consumption of fuel resources, as well as the area of ​​the house or premises.

A gas boiler is effectively used as a heat generator, but a solid fuel boiler of the “Buleryan” type, harmoniously integrated into the interior of the house, will look much more impressive and practical.

It must be said that it is impossible to do without a diagram and detailed calculations. The slightest mistake can lead to damage to the heater, drafts and noise from operating units. It is important to select the cross-section of the air ducts so that the air is distributed evenly and without distortions between individual branches and channels. The volume and frequency of air exchange, the ratio of recirculation with inflow and exhaust are calculated.

The following can be used as air ducts:

• square or round channels made of galvanized steel;
• flexible corrugated air ducts;
• PVC pipes.

To minimize heat loss, the air ducts are equipped with thermal insulation, which simultaneously reduces the noise level both from the operation of heating system components and the distribution of sound between rooms.

1. Galvanized steel air duct of round section. 2. Flexible corrugated air duct with insulation 3. Rectangular air duct. 4. Rigid air duct with insulation. 5. Flexible duct

Set of air ducts and connectors made of polyvinyl chloride

Air ducts with grilles for air distribution or full-fledged indoor units are installed in each room, with which you can set an individual heating mode. It is optimal if all work on the design and installation of the system is carried out at the stage of construction of the house. In this case, the air ducts can be placed in special niches in the walls. But if the house has already been built, then for the air ducts you will have to build false walls, suspended ceilings or other structures that hide the elements.

Price

The final cost of the finished system is individual for each home, because the calculations must take into account the area of ​​the heated room, the model and power of the heating equipment, the total length of the air ducts, their number and capacity, the cost of paying for installation and adjustment of the equipment, if this will be handled by a third party .

Companies providing air heating services take into account the following cost items when calculating costs:

1. Design cost.
2. Costs for the purchase of equipment, components and additional devices.
3. Cost of professional installation and configuration.

The average price for turnkey installation of air heating in a house with an area of ​​up to 100 m² is 3500-4500 rubles per 1 m².

is a universal climate system that allows you to combine heating, ventilation and air conditioning of a country house (dacha or cottage) together. In addition, its implementation in the house has other advantages. Let's look at them. How to properly organize air heating of a private house? What equipment is used? What are the characteristics of the system, and what are its advantages over “traditional” heating systems?

What is "air heating"?

In Russia, this term is usually used to refer to ducted air treatment systems. The air is heated (by various devices using gas, electricity, water, etc.) and distributed throughout the premises of the house through the forward (supply) and reverse (return) air ducts. The equipment is selected based on the feasibility of the fuel used (the most economical type is gas air heaters, or), the power of the equipment is calculated on the basis of an engineering calculation that takes into account the heat losses of the premises for heating a particular house and the total heated area.

Pros and cons of air heating

Advantages of an air heating system:

– Versatility: You get heating, ventilation, air conditioning, air purification “in one bottle” - a full-fledged climate system, and not just heating the air in the premises of the house – Lightness, speed, design: control is carried out automatically using the latest “smart” thermostats in the form newfangled electronic programmable gadgets; the heating rate is ensured by the absence of intermediate links (coolant in pipes and heating radiators) - air of the required temperature immediately enters the premises. – Highest system efficiency, reaching 95% with condensing gas air heaters. Operational logistics and operational temperature control can significantly reduce overall energy consumption and save money. By comparison, traditional water heating systems have an energy efficiency of no more than 60%. – Highest reliability with gas heating. The absence of coolant liquid eliminates leaks, air pockets and defrosting. – Ease of maintenance. It is enough to clean or change the air filter in a timely manner.

Disadvantages of air heating:

– air heating is suitable for houses with an area of ​​over 90 sq.m. – with a smaller area, installation is impractical – installation of the air system is carried out before the final interior decoration, therefore the best option is its design and installation during the construction of the house – air ducts occupy a certain space, which may (but not necessarily) entail a reduction in height in the places where they are located to the maximum 20 cm - correct implementation of the system requires professional calculations and project development. Although air duct assembly can be done with your own hands, without the help of specialists, it requires certain tools.

Air heating equipment

Recuperator in the air system

The most practical and economical equipment for air systems uses natural gas as fuel. The equipment installed by our company, manufactured in the USA and Canada, is certified and tested by many years of operating practice. Among gas duct air heaters, we use equipment from such manufacturers as Carrier, Rheem, AllStyle. Modern air heaters have a fuel efficiency of more than 93% AFUE and are multi-positional - that is, they can be installed in any position (vertically, horizontally). They come in a variety of options - with 1, two-stage or modulating burner, standard or energy efficient motor. Ventilation is carried out using either a single-pipe or a single-pipe method. Water duct air heaters are also widely used. To heat the air, they use a coolant liquid - hot water or glycol solution. Water is supplied from any source - boiler house collector, heating main, water heating boiler. For local heating with air, local air heaters are used - gas, electric and water. They work on the principle of a heat gun and are used mainly for heating production and storage facilities.

Characteristics of multifunctional air heating system

How comfortable is it in the house? The air in the rooms will have the temperature you set. It will be automatically maintained at the set value regardless of weather changes. You can quickly change it to suit your family's daily routine. Constant or periodic (automatically adjusted) air exchange through air treatment provides favorable conditions and a more uniform temperature distribution in the rooms. As a result, the best level of comfort is achieved, in which staying in the house becomes more comfortable, thereby increasing the quality of human life. What about the design? Eliminating the need to install radiators allows you to free up space under the windows and, due to this, arrange the interior of the house more aesthetically. This is especially true for tall windows or continuous glazing, which is often used in living rooms. Moreover, with continuous glazing with electric or water heating, you cannot do without expensive convectors built into the floor. And with air heating you get this by default. What is the reliability of the system? Heating a house with air eliminates the need to lay pipes with liquid coolant in structures and under finishing, which reduces to zero any possibility of hot liquid leaking and emergency defrosting of pipes. Several heterogeneous heaters can be built into such a system to obtain the possibility of heating air from various sources. How economical is it? Forced blowing of the heat exchanger when heating with air, for example, a country house, provides increased heat transfer and more efficient use of energy. Reducing the inertia of heat supply to the room allows you to shorten the warm-up time and more quickly change the temperature, lowering it during the absence of people. Automatic maintenance of the set temperature eliminates overheating and unnecessary energy consumption. Versatility and flexibility Ducted air heating is more correctly called a centralized air treatment system, because in addition to heating, it combines several different functions. Air is distributed throughout the rooms thanks to air ducts, which are most often laid in interfloor ceilings and hidden by finishing. The parameters of the air entering the premises are brought to the specified values ​​using a set of equipment that processes it. The more functions are included, the more opportunities the user has to process the air to bring it into condition. The basic configuration of such heating provides air heating, mechanical filtration from suspended dust and partial air supply from the street for ventilation needs. The basic version can be expanded and supplemented with such equipment as: - humidifier - to maintain optimal air humidity, - electronic filter - for finer air purification from the smallest microparticles, - UV lamp - for antibacterial air treatment, - recuperator - to reduce energy, spent on heating the air coming from the street, and to be able to control the amount of removed and incoming air, which is especially important for rooms with increased requirements for the volume of supply air (for example, for gyms or swimming pools), - air conditioning - to remove excess moisture from the air and its cooling in the summer, - a heat pump - to perform the function of an air conditioner and a backup heating source in the off-season and moderate cold, - a secondary heating element (for example, a heating element) for a backup or temporary heating source while waiting for the main energy carrier (most often gas) to appear . Equipment to perform additional functions can be installed on the basic version immediately or later, as needed, without the need for significant modification. Taken together, we get a complete climate system, built individually for the needs of a particular family. You can also choose various automation devices - both conventional electronic programmable thermostats and intelligent self-learning devices with the ability to be remotely controlled using mobile devices or a computer. Air heating can be realized from various sources: gas, electricity, freon or hot water, which comes from a centralized system or is prepared individually - for example, a solid fuel or diesel boiler, or a geothermal heat pump. At the moment, the most optimal and most often in demand are heating systems that use direct heating by burning natural or liquefied gas. Even if there is no main gas in the near future, in most cases it is most advisable to use a gas holder - a reservoir for liquefied gas. Our company’s specialists have extensive experience in designing air treatment systems for houses of various designs and sizes, for wooden and brick, as well as frame houses. We independently supply the equipment we use and carry out the full range of work from performing engineering calculations and drawing up design documentation for the heating system to its complete installation, commissioning and service. We don’t just implement climate systems that include , we create conditions in your home in which you enjoy staying in it.

Do-it-yourself air heating: how justified is it?

On numerous forums and articles devoted to home heating, you can read tips on installing air heating “with your own hands.” However, independent calculation and installation of ducted heating and ventilation does not occur in practice: these are just advertising gimmicks. Engineering calculations are too complex, and equipment must be connected, installed and commissioned exclusively by specialists. In addition, the savings in the case of self-installation of the system are very doubtful - for its correct installation and debugging, the purchase of additional highly specialized tools will be required. Our advice is simple: the equipment should be installed by professionals - it’s faster, cheaper, and will provide your home with a comfortable and safe living environment for many years to come.

House with air heating after finishing:

Video - multifunctional air heating system for a private house:

Execution time – 1-2 days. Your request does not oblige you to anything, do it if you have already built a house, but there is no finishing and no utilities laid yet, or if you only have a house project, or if for now you only have a desire to build a house and you have already decided on its area. Step 2 – agree on the project You: Specify the necessary information, enter into an agreement for the design of the air system and make an advance payment for the design. We: Make thermal engineering calculations, select equipment that meets the design loads and your specifications, prepare a sketch of the air distribution system, come to your site or send it to you electronically for discussion and approval. You: Study the sketches we offer (how the air ducts are planned to be placed), make changes if necessary. After agreement with the designer, you approve the technical documentation and make the final payment for the design work. We: Provide you with the documentation in printed form and provide the actual heating calculation according to the specification. Execution time – 10-30 days(depends on the duration of the approval stage and the number of corrections). Design is carried out only on the basis of floor plans. To perform this work, you must have a house project or sketches of the layout of the premises. You can start this work before building the house or after the house is already built. Step 3 – installation and connection You: Enter into an agreement for the assembly of the air distribution system (air ducts) and make an advance payment. We: We go to the site and install air ducts You: Make the second part of the payment for the installation of air ducts. Execution time: from 10 to 20 days. Installation of air ducts is carried out in the presence of walls, ceilings and roofs (temporary or permanent). After all other utilities have been completed, as well as the interior finishing of the premises, we install climate control equipment, connecting it to the installed air duct system.** *The proposal contains a brief description of our proposed solution and an approximate calculation of the climate system based on the area of ​​your home, based on average practical implementation results for similar objects. The calculation includes separately the cost of the basic design, indicating the cost of individual components, and additional options specified by you. **You can install both basic and optional equipment - for example, by connecting a UV purifier, an electronic filter, an air humidifier, etc. Options can be connected both immediately and after installing the basic equipment. The final part of the payment is made upon completion of commissioning work. If gas equipment is used with a connection to the main gas, then the supply of natural gas is carried out by the gas sales organization only after installation and connection of the gas-using equipment. ONLINE CALCULATION OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM OF A HOUSE WITH AIR HEATING

Air heating together with the ventilation system must comply with sanitary rules and regulations. Two such systems can be connected to make each one work more efficiently.

Why is ventilation needed?

The goals of ventilation systems are simple and understandable to everyone: the system serves to remove exhaust air from residential premises. After all, when food is prepared, bathrooms are used, in a word, vital activity is in full swing, the air acquires the following features: increased humidity, increased dust concentration, accumulation of unpleasant odors, decreased amount of oxygen. Meanwhile, if an unpleasant odor and dust are simply factors of discomfort, then an increase in humidity can lead to water that will appear on the walls in the form of condensation.

So, the ventilation system serves to replace dirty air with fresh air. Ventilation can be exhaust or supply and exhaust. In the latter case, air heating, like the ventilation system, is done taking into account the possibility of heat recovery: that is, the exhaust air flows next to the supply duct, while giving it some of the heat. The simplest recuperator can significantly reduce heat loss through ventilation.

Standards

The standards are laid down in the appendices to SNiP 2.04.05-91. The air exchange rate for residential premises must be at least 0.35/hour. Simply put, the air volume must be completely renewed approximately every 3 hours. For one person constantly present in the room, there must be at least 30 cubic meters of fresh air per hour. As for kitchens, the standard here is 60 cubic meters per hour for electric stoves and 90 cubic meters per hour for a 4-burner gas stove. In addition, it must be possible to periodically ventilate the room with an air exchange of at least 180 cubic meters per hour. For this purpose, a vent or transom at a metal-plastic window is used, but you can use a hood.

For bathrooms and toilets - 25 cubic meters per hour for each room. If these bathrooms are combined, then the norm is 50 cubic meters per hour.

Air heating

Air heating is required to maintain a comfortable temperature during the cold period. And what exactly this temperature is is described in GOST 30494-96.
So, for residential premises the norm is +20 degrees, for corner living rooms - +22 degrees. For the kitchen - +18 degrees, the bathroom - +25 degrees, and the toilet - +18 degrees. Note that such standards are suitable for apartment buildings.

The power calculations that designers usually rely on when creating air heating and ventilation give fairly average values ​​- and it will be difficult to accurately determine heat leaks. In addition, they change depending on the current temperature, wind and humidity outside.

But for quite a long time there has been a methodology that can be based on in the case of independent design. The instructions here are quite simple: for 1 cubic meter of room you need 40 W of thermal power. We add 100 W of heat to each window opening. For each door that leads to the street - 200. The coefficient for corner apartments is 1.2-1.3, for private houses - 1.5. A regional coefficient is also applied: 0.7-0.9 for warm regions, 1.2-1.3 for the European part of the Russian Federation, 1.5-2.0 for the Far North and Far East. When the temperature outside is warmer, in order to regulate the temperature in the house without opening the windows, you can replace the radiator valve with a throttle or thermostatic head.

Typically, heating with warm air and ventilation are two different circuits that do not intersect with each other. However, in some cases the ventilation and heating systems can be combined.

The first option is compact installations of domestic industry. The heat source in this case is the combustion of diesel fuel and electricity. Thus, a fan is activated, which ensures the injection of heated air.

Such installations and their analogues are most often used in garages, small workshops, and small industrial facilities as a system for periodic use. But in order to heat and ventilate a residential building, such devices are uneconomical.

Hot air heating using boilers combined with furnaces and duct systems is a more common option. Thus, fuel combustion is ensured not by a coolant, but by air, which is blown through a heat exchanger. Hot air travels through the house through a duct system. To reduce unnecessary heat losses, ventilation and heating systems are laid with heat-insulated sleeves, placed under the finished floor between the joists, hidden in the walls and installed above the suspended ceiling.

The cold air that is displaced from the room goes outside completely or partially. Some of this air can be used again for heating.

Note that it would seem more logical to supply warm air through the grilles, which are located as close as possible to the floor. So, due to convection, the air will evenly heat the room. But not in this case. Typically, the ventilation system supplies air heated by the boiler from above, then the cold air masses are forced out into those exhaust grilles that are located below.

Heat pumps and ducted air conditioners

Sometimes you can find combined climate control systems, which include components such as:

• Duct air conditioner, which, depending on the weather, is capable of heating, cooling and drying the air.
• Dust filter.
• Ultraviolet filter that disinfects the air.
• Supply and exhaust ventilation system.

In this case, the source of thermal energy is electrical energy. Studying the reviews, it can be noted that this scheme of work is very convenient. After all, you have only one control unit that controls absolutely all characteristics from one point. If we compare it with a traditional system, where the fan is somewhere in the attic, air conditioners are in the rooms, heating with air through pipes is somewhere else, then such a system seems more thoughtful and improved.

It is also economical when compared with diesel systems, pellet boilers, and bottled gas. The inverter compressor control system pumps 3.5-4.5 kW of heat into the premises for every 1 kW of electrical power.

In addition, with such a combined system, you can preserve the interior of the premises. Indeed, in this case, only the ventilation grilles will be visible, since air heating, as can be seen in the photo, does not require the installation of wiring and radiators.

Of course, there are several disadvantages to this type of scheme. The cost of the finished system is quite high. For example, if you take Chinese duct air conditioners with a heating power of 15 kW-hours, then they will cost about 70,000 rubles.

The outdoor unit, which takes heat from the atmospheric air, can operate at temperatures no lower than -15 - -25 degrees Celsius. And as the temperature outside drops, the efficiency of the system will only decrease.

An alternative to such a system is a geothermal heat pump. So, if in winter the air cools to a very low temperature, then below the freezing depth the earth is constantly warmed up to 8-12 degrees. A heat exchanger with a sufficient area is immersed in the ground - and you will have an almost endless resource of heat that needs to be pumped into your home.

Security questions

Of course, when designing, all necessary fire safety requirements for ventilation and heating systems should be taken into account. Such requirements are fully specified in manual 13.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91. However, only part of them applies to residential premises.

Thus, when using an air duct made of flammable materials, it should be laid in a shaft or non-flammable sleeve. The flammability should not be lower than group G1 - low-flammable, the temperature of the combustion products should not exceed 135 degrees Celsius.

It is allowed to use fans and their casings made of flammable material. Of course, galvanized air ducts are safer. These are the products that are used in industrial premises. For safety reasons, we recommend limiting the temperature of the air supplied to the living space to 60 degrees.

Air heating refers to a special thermoregulation system. It involves supplying air heated to a given temperature directly into the premises of a residential or non-residential building. Compared to stove and radiator systems, such heating is characterized by a number of advantages.

Air heating of the house - there are many advantages, but few disadvantages

Many modern heating systems have quite serious drawbacks. This forces property owners to look for more efficient heating options. In recent years, air systems have begun to gain considerable popularity, which equally efficiently heat large premises (both residential, industrial or administrative) and very small houses with several rooms. This type of heating is characterized by the following advantages:

1. 1. There is no need to spend money on purchasing pipes and heating radiators, as well as on their installation.
2. 2. The efficiency of air systems is approaching 90%.
3. 3. The possibility of arranging, within the framework of one project, a combined complex for maintaining the required temperature in a private house (air conditioning plus heating).
4. 4. Complete safety of equipment operation. The systems we are considering are equipped with highly sensitive automation. It is she who controls the heating operation every second. As soon as any failure occurs, there is a danger of leakage, the automation turns off the air installations in use.
5. 5. Low energy consumption, affordable cost and quick payback of installed heating equipment. Air travel will be truly profitable and economical.
6. 6. Aesthetics. The home does not need to be cluttered with radiators and highways connecting them. Due to this, all free space in the premises can be used to create luxurious interiors.
7. 7. Easy to operate. Starting the system, selecting the required mode of its operation, stopping equipment and many other processes are performed in automatic control mode. The likelihood of a human error when using air heating is essentially reduced to zero.

In addition, the described type of heating is durable and reliable. If the heating project is drawn up correctly, the installation is carried out without errors, and regular maintenance is carried out on time, the network will last 20–25 years without the slightest accident. Let us also note the uniquely high speed of air heating. In cases where the temperature in the room was zero or negative, after starting the equipment, it takes a maximum of 30–40 minutes to fully warm up the room.

The disadvantage of air heating is the need for fairly frequent (and necessarily regular) maintenance. Another disadvantage is the energy dependence of the described complexes. The equipment runs on electricity. If there is no light in the house, the system will stop. There is only one way to solve this problem - take care of installing an additional (autonomous) power source.

Types of systems - how to choose the optimal one?

Familiarization with the types of air heating makes it possible to select the configuration that is suitable for a particular residential building in all respects. The systems we are interested in are classified according to

• equipment installation location;
• air circulation option;
• type of heat exchange;
• scale.

The air heating system can be suspended or floor-mounted. The first option involves installing channels (air ducts) to fill the room with heated air under the ceiling, the second - under the floor. Important. In both cases, the channels can be easily disguised using decorative elements and plinth structures. In private housing construction, experts advise using a floor plan, as it first heats the lower part of the room, providing maximum comfort to the inhabitants of the home. When installing suspended air ducts, there is a possibility that the heat will not be able to reach the floor surface. This will bring some discomfort to the person.

Based on the type of air circulation, air systems are classified as forced and natural. This moment is of great importance. With natural ventilation, the rise of air is ensured by heating it. The hot mass is directed into the air ducts, heats them up, and then goes back to the heat exchange device. If cold air from the street enters the room during operation (for example, through windows or doors), it will begin to accumulate near the floor. As a result, the lower part of the room will always be cooler.

When using forced ventilation as described above, there is no problem. In this case, the system is equipped with a special fan. Its task is to create a given pressure at which heated air moves around the room much faster. Due to this, the room is heated within a matter of minutes. Cold air in the presence of a fan simply cannot change the temperature regime provided by the system. Nuance. Ventilation equipment produces noticeable noise during operation.

If you consider yourself overly susceptible to extraneous irritating sounds, it is better to opt for networks with natural ventilation.

Heat exchange in the described systems can be supply or recirculation. Here's what you need to remember: If the heating takes air exclusively from the street, then we have a supply system. To equip it, you need fans capable of directing street air masses to the heating installation. If air is taken both from outside and inside the house, we are talking about recirculation heat exchange.

In terms of scale, air heating is classified as one of two types. The first one is local. It is suitable for heating private housing construction areas. The second type is central. This scheme is good for warehouses, entertainment facilities, sports facilities, large stores and so on. There is no particular point in introducing it into a home (even a large one).

Heating device - what elements will be needed?

Regardless of the type of system chosen, to install it you will need to purchase:

• heat generator;
• air ducts;
• fan;
• grilles for air intake and supply.

A heat generator is a furnace (boiler) for burning a certain type of fuel to heat the air. It can operate on any fuel. To operate the air heater, natural gas, liquefied or liquid fuel, even wood or coal are used. Important point! Boilers for the heating systems under consideration make it possible to switch from one fuel to another at any time. If the heat generator operates from natural gas, it is enough to change the burner on the unit to start using diesel fuel. This is a matter of just a few minutes. In cases where there is a need to burn natural gas instead of liquefied gas, you just need to install a replaceable nozzle on the unit, which is characterized by a different cross-section of the passage holes.

Air ducts are branched channels designed to supply heated air flow to heated rooms of the house. These devices are made in round or rectangular shapes. The difference between them is minor, but it is there. Round ones have a cross-section within 20 cm, they are described by low resistance (aerodynamic). Due to this, heating efficiency increases slightly. The connection of individual parts of round air ducts is carried out with studs or clamps. The cross-section of rectangular channels is usually slightly larger. Such designs are easier to fit into your home interior. For this reason, they are used much more often than round ones to supply heat to private homes.

An air heating device requires the use of some other elements. Air intakes and air distributors are always installed in areas where air ducts lead into heated rooms. A fan (supply) is also required. It forces heated air into the air ducts. The fan is installed under the combustion compartment of the boiler used. It is usually equipped with a filter device that cleans the air from small particles of dust and other impurities.

Calculation and independent installation of a heating system - will it work?

Calculation of air heating and drawing up its exact design are mandatory stages of installing the system. These operations are necessary for:

• determining the speed at which the air should move;
• choosing a heating installation with suitable power characteristics sufficient to heat the house;
• obtaining an accurate installation diagram of all elements of the heating network;
• determining the aerodynamic indicator of the system and the volume of heat leaving the house through door and window openings, the floor base, roof, and wall surfaces.

It is quite difficult to perform a competent calculation with your own hands. You need to have the knowledge of a heating engineer. We recommend entrusting the design stage to specialists. And if you have a heating diagram at hand, you can do the installation work yourself.

The video below shows the sequence of actions that need to be performed when assembling and connecting the air heating system. The first step is choosing and. It must have the following modules - regulation of combustion intensity and automatic control of the safety of equipment operation. A unit without such systems is not suitable for air heating.

We connect air ducts to the boiler installed in the selected location. It is allowed to use both metal flexible channels and galvanized steel products. The former are connected to each other and sealed with special reinforced tape, the latter - with pins and clamps. If a combined heating and air conditioning system is installed, the ducts should be thoroughly insulated. Then condensation will not form on their surface.

After laying the air ducts, you can install the grilles, and then decorate the laid channels to match the existing interior (of course, if you have planned such work). Watch the video carefully, listen to the advice of experts, and you will definitely be able to build a high-quality and durable air heating system. Let your home always be cozy and warm!

Ecology of consumption. Science and technology: How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it?

How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it? Let's try to figure it out.

Quite an unusual type of boiler room, right?

WHAT IT IS

Strictly speaking, this category includes all heating methods without the mediation of a coolant. This includes heat guns, air conditioners in heating mode, and conventional fan heaters. In established terminology, however, air heating equipment is a rather limited list of devices designed to heat air and supply it to air ducts.

The source of heat can be either electricity or the combustion of gas, diesel fuel or waste oil. We will not limit ourselves in our choice to any limits and will try to consider the most practical schemes for implementing air heating, regardless of how the corresponding devices are positioned on the market.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

It’s worth making a small lyrical digression. The disadvantages and advantages will still have to be discussed in relation to the classical scheme: the heat source is located in the same room; in all others, warm air is distributed through air ducts. However: in practice, for large rooms without partitions (for a garage, greenhouses or workshop), either several heat sources are used, or one with air flows directed using dampers. Distributing warm air with sleeves is simply not required.

ADVANTAGES

• Low inertia. After starting the air heaters, the room will warm up in a matter of minutes. For comparison: with convection heating of a house with the mediation of a coolant, it can take up to two hours for the water in the radiators to reach an acceptable temperature.
• Relatively cheap. Air heating boilers do not differ in cost from those intended for water heating systems; but the wiring is noticeably cheaper. An aluminum sleeve and ventilation grille are not comparable in cost to a radiator, pipe and fittings for it.
• Low temperature resistance. Air heating of industrial premises can be safely stopped at night and without fear of defrosting pipes and radiators.
• Easy hidden installation. Water heating means that at least the radiators or convectors themselves remain visible. Yes, there are also in-floor heating convectors; but try drowning them in a concrete ceiling in a city apartment. But raising the floor by the required few centimeters is not always possible with the height of the ceilings, and the amount of work involved will be quite considerable.
• Combined with ventilation. Moreover, air source heat pumps for heating can also provide air conditioning if necessary.

The diagram shows the direction of air flows when the climate control system is operating for heating.

• Easy to start. Air heating does not require lengthy balancing of radiators, bleeding air from the expansion tank and radiators, adjusting the operating pressure in the heating system and other tedious procedures. To be fair: balancing is performed only during the first start-up, and the problem of bleeding air will be solved by an automatic heating air valve. It will independently allow the air to escape and block the path of the coolant.

FLAWS

In essence, there is only one serious problem. If the exhaust ventilation in a room can be easily located under the ceiling, where it will not disturb anyone, then the installation of air heating is carried out so that the flow of warm air is as close to the floor as possible. In this case, it is possible to ensure efficient heat distribution by convection at a low air flow rate.

Yes, you can pump air from under the ceiling with a powerful stream, and it will also effectively warm the room; but would you like a constant draft in your bedroom or living room? And since the air flow is located below, it means that the air ducts will either have to be hidden behind the decorative covering of the walls, reducing the usable volume of the room, or laid under the finished floor, between the joists. Useful: a relatively small decorative box made of plasterboard can be a solution. When distributing warm air to the ceiling, you will have to ensure a sufficiently high flow rate.

HOWEVER

Heating with an air conditioner or heat pump allows you to bypass all the problems associated with distributing warm air. An air heating project may include several independent devices, or a so-called multi-split system - one external unit and several internal ones. The mains are much thinner than air ducts, and they can be easily located under the ceiling.

HEAT SOURCES

What heat sources can heat generators use for air heating?

SOLID FUEL BOILERS

Perhaps the most popular stove for air heating is Buleryan. The manufacturer's name has long become a household name for all pyrolysis furnaces with heat exchanger pipes that provide natural circulation of heated air. The stove is located anywhere in the house. A boiler room is not necessary for it: in the living room it will not spoil the design of the room with its appearance and will not pollute the air with combustion products. In principle, buleryan is able to warm up a house with a rather complex configuration of rooms and due to natural circulation; however, if necessary, hot air from it is distributed by aluminum air ducts with natural or forced circulation through several rooms or floors. It is not at all difficult to install an air heating system with buleryan with your own hands.

The instructions are simple:

• We install the stove in any place where it will not interfere and there is an opportunity to store a daily supply of firewood nearby.
• We fasten the aluminum air ducts from above to the pipes encircling the firebox with heat-resistant aluminum tape.
• At the bottom we attach short sections of the same air ducts with duct fans fixed in them.
• We distribute the hoses from the stove to the rooms that are planned to be heated.

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Here the wiring is made with a more expensive sandwich pipe, which also has better thermal insulation properties. A very interesting alternative is air-heated fireplaces. An ordinary fireplace uselessly releases most of the heat with combustion products; here, the thermal energy produced during fuel combustion is used to heat the air in a cast iron or steel casing. Then everything is familiar to us: the air is distributed through the air duct system to the rooms.

GAS BOILERS AND CLIMATE COMPLEXES BASED ON THEM

They are used both as a separate device that provides heat to the house, and as part of a climate complex. In the first case, the operation scheme is quite simple: the boiler, burning gas, heats the heat exchanger through which air is forced. Then it is distributed to the premises. Solutions of the second type include, along with the boiler, additional equipment:

• Heat recovery system;
• Air conditioning system (usually a ducted air conditioner serves as this);
• Humidifier;
• An ultraviolet purifier that disinfects the air circulating around the house;
• Filter for collecting dust.

The project will, of course, not be cheap. The domestic climate system Antares Comfort, for example, boasts a cost of approximately 3,000 rubles per square meter of serviced area, which for a cottage of 150 square meters will result in a very impressive 10-odd thousand euros. For comparison: heating equipment from the famous American manufacturer Goodman costs 1300 - 1500 rubles per square meter. This is also the cost of a turnkey complex, but it only provides heating. Of course, the manufacturer is ready to offer comprehensive solutions at a higher price. Curious: Gas boilers for air heating Goodman GMS, GDS and GMP have a very low temperature of combustion products at the outlet - only about 40C, which allows the use of... plastic ventilation pipes as a chimney.

ELECTRIC AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

The simplest and most inexpensive electric air heating system is a conventional fan heater. Consuming a power of about 2 kilowatts, it quickly heats the air, driving it through a hot spiral. Alas, in addition to low energy efficiency, such a scheme worsens the composition of the air in the room, burning oxygen. A variety of heat guns and electric convectors with blowing of a low-temperature heat exchanger are already more interesting. They, when combined with heat recovery systems, can already create a completely comfortable climate in the house. Energy costs will be slightly less than when using an electric boiler. However, direct heating systems are still too expensive. Fortunately, air source heat pumps have been available for heating for many years, the simplest of which is the conventional window air conditioner. They spend heat not on heating the air, but on pumping heat from a colder street. As an option, pumps can remove heat from water or soil. The source of low-grade heat can be any. The operating principle of the pump is common to all implementations.

Let's look at the basic operating diagrams of air source heat pumps. More precisely, the heat sources in them.

GROUND-AIR

In the soil below the freezing level, the temperature is constant all year round and increases with increasing depth. It is enough to immerse several deep probes or a horizontal collector into the ground - and you can extract heat to heat the air in the house all year round. Geothermal pumps are the most versatile. Their main problem is the high cost of both the device itself and its installation.

WATER-AIR

If you have a high level of flowing groundwater, the task is greatly simplified. Simply put, it is enough to dig a shallow well and immerse a heat exchanger probe into it. The same scheme can be used if there is an ice-free natural body of water nearby. The limitation is clear and obvious: water is not available everywhere.

AIR-AIR

Here we see two main categories of devices. Multi-split systems are used to maintain the climate in small houses. The limitation is due to the fact that the length of the line cannot be infinitely large: the compressor must pump freon through the tubes, and the pipe walls offer noticeable resistance to it. Duct air conditioners are a typical, canonical air heating system. From one indoor unit of the heat pump, air is distributed through air ducts throughout all rooms. In this sector of the market in Russia, primarily Japanese manufacturers - Daikin and Mitsubishi - offer their products. Somewhat less often you can find American Lennox and Carrier.

The function of the external unit is to cool the surrounding air and transport thermal energy inside the house. A common problem with devices is the dependence of their efficiency on the outside temperature.

It is worth mentioning: the exact calculation of air heating - combined with ventilation or carried out separately - is carried out by specialists, taking into account a long number of factors: Material and thickness of the walls; Number and area of ​​windows; The number of people who will be in the room; Amount and power of additional heat sources, etc. The simplified scheme is the same as for other heating systems: 40 watts of thermal power per cubic meter of heated room. For regions of the Far North, taking into account extremely low winter temperatures, a coefficient of 1.5-2.0 is taken. For houses with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 meters, you can start from the area: 1 kW per 10 m2. published