Industrial production potential of the region. Theoretical aspects of production potential and its evaluation. Absolute and relative potential values

16.01.2022

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Keywords

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICY/ INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICY

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Larionov Artur Olegovich

The article raises the problem of evaluation industrial capacity and ensure its development. The relevance of the problem under consideration for the economy of the region is substantiated. It has been proved that for the formation of mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for a new qualitative industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for building up. The solution of this problem makes it possible to identify problems that impede the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence industrial capacity region. It is shown that the category " industrial potential» is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. Structural components are defined and substantiated industrial capacity and a set of indicators characterizing industrial potential region. The results of the analysis of the comparative assessment industrial capacity subjects of the NWFD showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. Development industrial capacity The Vologda Oblast proceeded more slowly compared to other regions of the Northwestern Federal District. In general, the index values showed uneven development of all components industrial capacity region. The current situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed production assets, a small number of organizations that carry out research and development, a declining number of highly qualified workers, and the negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises. The article concludes that in order to eliminate the problems hindering the development industrial capacity region, it is necessary to form a balanced and adequate to modern economic conditions industrial policy.

Assessment of industrial potential of the region

The article raises the problem to assess industrial potential and ensure its development and substantiates the urgency of the problem for the regional economy. It proves that to form the mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for new industrial growth and development it is advisable to assess the industrial enterprises’ potential, the extent of its use and the possibility for extension. The solution of this task allows us to identify the problems that prevent the formation of the region’s strategic competitiveness and determine the prospects of its development. The article reveals the essence of the region's industrial potential. It shows that the category “industrial potential” is one of the main components of the region’s economic potential. The work identifies and justifies the structural components of industrial potential and the set of indicators describing the region’s industrial potential . The comparative assessment of industrial potential of the Northwestern Federal district regions reveals that all the regions have an “average” or “below average” level of potential development. The development of industrial potential in the Vologda Oblast is slower than in other NWFD regions. In general, the index values demonstrate the uneven development of all components of industrial potential of the region. The current situation is largely caused by a low technological state of fixed assets, a small number of the enterprises involved in research and development, a decreasing number of qualified workers and negative financial results of many industrial enterprises. The article concludes that to address the problems hindering the development of the region’s industrial potential it is necessary to form a balanced industrial policy , which corresponds to the modern economic conditions.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Assessment of the industrial potential of the region"

UDC 338.45 BBK 65.30

LARIONOV ARTUR OLEGOVICH

Junior Researcher, Department of Problems of Socio-Economic Development and Management in Territorial Systems Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science

Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: [email protected]

The article raises the problem of assessing the industrial potential and ensuring its development. The relevance of the problem under consideration for the economy of the region is substantiated. It has been proved that in order to form mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for a new high-quality industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for expansion. The solution of this problem makes it possible to identify problems that impede the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence of the industrial potential of the region. It is shown that the category "industrial potential" is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. The structural components of the industrial potential and a set of indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region are determined and substantiated. The results of the analysis of the comparative assessment of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. The development of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast was slower compared to other regions of the Northwestern Federal District. In general, the values of the indices demonstrated the uneven development of all components of the industrial potential of the region. The current situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed production assets, a small number of organizations that carry out research and development, a declining number of highly qualified workers, and the negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises.

The article concludes that in order to eliminate the problems hindering the development of the industrial potential of the region, it is necessary to form a balanced industrial policy that is adequate to modern economic conditions.

Industrial growth, industrial potential, industrial policy.

The industrial complex forms the supporting structure of the economic system of the country. Growth points are formed in it and the factors of modern production are formed, human capital is concentrated and the organizational culture of the economic process is accumulated. The strategic orientation of the development of the region's industry determines the formation and transit of impulses that transform the functions and structure of almost all sectors of the national economy.

Increasing industrial growth rates in unstable macroeconomic conditions, achieving the goals of modernization and switching to an innovative development path directly depend on the state of the industrial sector of the region's economy. The economic independence of the region and the focus on self-sufficiency led to the need to create fundamentally new mechanisms for managing and developing industry. Tatarkin A.I. notes that it is impossible to develop a region and develop development strategies without relying on regional production capabilities. Therefore, to create

conditions for high-quality industrial growth of the regional economy, an urgent task is to assess the industrial potential of the region, the degree of its use, the possibility and necessity of building up. The solution of this problem will make it possible to identify problems that hinder the adequate contribution of industry to the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development.

Having considered the theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of industrial potential, it should be noted that it is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region, has a significant impact on the level of development of the productive forces of society and represents a set of capabilities of industrial enterprises in the region (Fig. 1).

The practice of individual industrialized countries shows that even with limited natural resources, one can have a highly developed economic potential if it is based on progressive and efficient production. Actually, the level

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION

Rice. 1. The place of industrial potential in the structure of the economic potential of the region

Source: Martemyanov VV Development of the region's industrial potential based on the modernization of its technological base. dis. for the competition uch. Art. cand. economy Sciences: 08.00.05. - M. : Ros. economy acad. them. G.V. Plekhanov, 2010. - 24 p.

the structure, dynamism of material production determine the economic opportunities of the region. Of particular importance is mechanical engineering, which provides all branches of the national economy with the means of production.

It should be noted that the study of industrial potential at the regional level has not been widely disseminated. However, there are a number of works that address the problem of developing the industrial potential of the region.

So, Bakanach O.V. and Gaus K.V. the industrial potential of the region is understood as the total ability of the region's enterprises to create and produce competitive products, promote them on the market, sell them profitably and provide the required level of service. The authors note that the most important direction in the development of industrial potential is its renewal, technological modernization, accelerated development of industries that are the most technologically advanced. For the regional economy, in their opinion, the development of local industry is of primary importance, which plays an important role in creating jobs, meeting domestic demand, and contributing to the integrated development of the territory.

Tsogoev I.Kh. industrial potential is understood as an integral quantitative assessment of the maximum possible effectiveness of the use of resources by industrial organizations in accordance with the concluded contracts in the conditions of rational organization and cooperation of production of economic entities located in the relevant territory. The industrial potential, which largely ensures the formation of gross value added, is characterized by

termized by the presence of a certain proportionality and relationships between its components. At the same time, the proportions represent a kind of "framework" of industrial development, and the processes of transformation of these proportions serve as a condition for the implementation of industrial strategies.

Based on the presented definitions, it should be emphasized that the industrial potential characterizes the total power capabilities and capabilities of the enterprises of the territory, which can be realized with the availability of resources. The total available resources, in turn, characterize the production and economic activities of enterprises and represent a system of potentials of a lower order. Based on the classification of production factors, as components of industrial potential, one can single out material and technical, innovative, investment, labor, infrastructure, financial potentials, which in turn are formed on the basis of raw materials, industrial, research, innovative, investment, labor and information resources (Fig. 2).

The state of each structural component of the industrial potential can be judged by a number of indicators given in Table 2. However, this list is not exhaustive and can be supplemented.

The industrial potential of the region depends, first of all, on the availability, condition and efficiency of the use of fixed production assets, i.e., material and technical potential. Analysis of the dynamics of these indicators in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2005 to 2012

1P2 INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL p 1P1 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL

1D5 INFRASTRUCTURAL POTENTIAL |.p INDUSTRIAL ||P POTENTIAL - 1P4 LABOR POTENTIAL

1gv FINANCIAL POTENTIAL 1Р6 INVESTMENT POTENTIAL

*.......................*......................*

MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL, RAW MATERIALS, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, INVESTMENT, INNOVATIVE, INFORMATION, LABOR

Rice. 2. Formation of the industrial potential of the region

The characteristics of the components that make up the industrial potential are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Structural components of the industrial potential of the region

No. Potential name Characteristic

1P1 Material and technical Fixed assets, which together form the material and technical potential of the region's industry, progressive technological redistributions, processes, unique technologies available at enterprises.

1P2 Innovative A set of existing innovatively active enterprises, highly qualified workers capable of generating and implementing new technical ideas, as well as financial resources allocated for technological innovation in order to ensure an increase in the technical and technological level of production activities.

IРз Financial Aggregate financial capabilities of the industry that ensure the operational activities of the industry, the development of production infrastructure, and also contribute to the solution of urgent tasks and the achievement of the set economic goals.

1Р4 Labor Opportunity and willingness to use the labor resources of the territory to perform production tasks that ensure the creation of finished products.

1P5 Infrastructural Aggregate capabilities of the territory that provide conditions for the effective functioning of industries, the circulation of goods and the life of people in the process of optimal interaction with the environment and the rational use of resources.

1Pb Investment Opportunity and willingness of potential investors to invest in the development of the regional industry.

Sources: Aganbegyan A. G., Mikheeva N. N., Fetisov G. G. Modernization of the real sector of the economy: a spatial aspect // All-Russian scientific journal "Region: Economics and Sociology". - 2012. - No. 4 (76). - S. 7-44; Kuznetsova AI Infrastructure: Theory, methodology and applied aspects of modern infrastructure development. geoeconomic approach. - M. : KomKniga, 2006. - 456 p.; Larionova O. A. Regional diversification and its influence on the development of production // Organizer of production. - 2009. - No. 4 - S. 90-94.

years allows us to draw conclusions about a significant increase in the value of fixed assets. On average, in the Northwestern Federal District, this figure increased by 3.4 times. The largest increase was recorded in the Arkhangelsk region - more than 4 times.

However, their condition is of fundamental importance. Statistical data indicate an increase in

penalties for depreciation of fixed production assets. Thus, over the period under study, this indicator increased in the Republic of Karelia by 14.9 percentage points, in the Murmansk region - by 9.9 percentage points, in the Arkhangelsk region - by 7.9 percentage points, in the Vologda region - by 6.3 percentage points At the end of 2012, the degree of depreciation of fixed production assets in the Vologda Oblast amounted to 48.3%.

Table 2. Main indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region

Indicator Unit rev. Industrial Capacity Parameter

Block 1. Logistics potential

1.1. The cost of fixed assets (FC) industry per capita rub. Characteristics of the provision of fixed assets in the industry of the region

1.2. Degree of depreciation of fixed assets of industry % Characteristics of the state of production resources

1.3. Return on assets - Efficiency of use of fixed production assets

Block. 2 Innovation potential

2.1. Share of innovatively active enterprises % Opportunities of industrial enterprises to introduce innovative products

2.2. Share of shipped innovative products in the total volume of shipped industrial products % Degree of innovative development of industry

2.3. Share of expenses for technological innovations from the total volume of investments in industry % Degree of priority of tasks of technological development of industry

2.4. The number of personnel engaged in research and development, per thousand people employed in industry. The degree of efficiency of the scientific and innovative sphere in industry

Block 3. Financial potential

3.1. The share of profitable industrial organizations in the total number of industrial organizations % The degree of efficiency of the region's industry

3.2. Balanced financial result of industrial enterprises per 1 ruble of fixed production assets rub. Degree of financial capacity for industrial development

3.3. Return on assets of industrial organizations % Efficiency of using the assets of industrial organizations for profit

Block 4. Labor potential

4.1. The share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of people employed in the economy % Personnel resource of industry

4.2. Share of graduates with higher education in the total number of industrial personnel % Resource of highly qualified industrial workers

4.3. The share of graduates with secondary vocational education in the total number of employees % Intellectual resource of industry

Block. 5 Infrastructure potential

5.1. Density of public railway tracks, kilometers per 1000 sq. km of territory km Density of transport infrastructure

5.2. Density of paved roads, kilometers of roads per 1000 sq. km territory km

5.3. Availability of SEZs, PZs, industrial and technology parks with vacant areas and ready-made infrastructure facilities (gas, electricity, water, sewerage) ha Provision of the region with infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for locating new industries

Block 6. Investment potential

6.1. The volume of investments in the fixed capital of industry per capita rub. Characteristics of the volume of investments directed to the modernization and development of industry

6.2. The share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry % Degree of efficiency of attracting bank capital

6.3. Share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles of the total volume of investments in fixed capital of industrial organizations % Share of investments in own production assets

The efficiency of the use of fixed production assets is determined by the indicators of capital productivity. An analysis of its dynamics in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District shows that fixed assets are most effectively used in the Kaliningrad region and in the city of St. Petersburg. In the Vologda Oblast, the efficiency of using the main production

funds decreased significantly from 2.35 in 2005 to 1.5 in 2012 (Table 3).

In the context of competition and market openness, the innovative potential of the industrial sector is of fundamental importance. Sharing the opinion of the expert scientific community, it can be noted that the level of innovation activity in general

Table 3. Dynamics of capital productivity indicators*

Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p.p. .

Kaliningrad Region 1.72 2.19 2.83 2.98 2.33 2.64 2.79 2.45 0.74 -0.53

Vologda Oblast 2.35 2.20 1.97 2.40 1.49 1.77 1.93 1.50 -0.85 -0.90

Pskov region 1.24 1.27 1.44 1.50 1.16 1.42 1.75 1.45 0.21 -0.05

Novgorod region 1.46 1.32 1.29 1.46 1.16 1.36 1.44 1.41 -0.05 -0.05

Republic of Karelia 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.36 0.98 1.17 1.21 1.07 -0.32 -0.29

Leningrad Region 1.10 1.24 1.14 1.28 1.15 1.15 1.17 0.98 -0.12 -0.30

Republic of Komi 1.23 1.09 0.94 0.92 0.83 0.78 0.86 0.93 -0.29 0.01

Murmansk region 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.14 1.00 1.29 0.80 0.78 -0.35 -0.36

Arkhangelsk Region 1.05 0.92 1.01 0.81 0.77 0.81 0.78 0.72 -0.34 -0.10

RF 1.32 1.43 1.45 1.43 1.09 1.21 1.25 1.20 -0.12 -0.23

NWFD 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.33 1.46 1.48 1.40 -0.03 -0.06

St. Petersburg 1.64 1.71 1.66 1.74 2.00 2.20 2.27 2.26 0.62 0.52

* Calculation is based on the volume of marketable products produced; regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

country and in the NWFD remains very low (in 2012, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively). The proportion of industrial enterprises in the Vologda Oblast that carry out innovative developments and implement them in production for the same period is less than 8% (in the late 1980s - 60 - 70%). According to the calculations of the National Association for Innovation and Development of Information Technologies, the Vologda Oblast was in 45th position in the rating of innovative activity of Russian regions in 2011, i.e., it was included in the group of regions with a moderate level of innovative activity.

As a result, the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products is extremely small. In the Russian Federation in 2012, this indicator reached only 7.5%, on average for the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, even less - 6.0%. Despite the fact that in value terms the volume of shipped innovative products of the Vologda Oblast increased by 6486.3 million rubles, amounting to 16593.1 million rubles in 2012, in general, its share in the total volume does not exceed four percent (Table 4).

It should be noted that the cost of technological innovation in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District increased by 8.5 and 7.5 percentage points, respectively, compared to the 2005 level. the greatest

the share of funds in 2012 in technological innovation was invested by enterprises of the Novgorod region - more than 39% of the total investment, the Leningrad region - 12.5%, the Arkhangelsk region - 11.5%. However, in the Vologda Oblast, there is a decrease in this indicator. In 2012, the cost amounted to 1,358.8 million rubles, which is 448.1 million rubles. (reduction of more than 25%) less than in 2005 and 1285 million rubles. (reduction more than 48%) less than the level of 2008. Thus, the share of expenditures on technological innovations from the total volume of investments directed to the industry of the region for the last period amounted to only 2.5% (Table 5).

A small share of the costs allocated to technological innovation is also reflected in the low number of employees performing research and development, which in turn affects the effectiveness of their implementation. In 2012, this figure per thousand employed in the Russian Federation is 55 people, in the North-West Federal District - 73 people. In the Leningrad region, there are 36 people per thousand employed in industry, in the Murmansk region - 28 people, and in the Vologda region the lowest value of the indicator is observed - only 3 people,

Table 4. Share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products, %

Arkhangelsk Region 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 6.8 6.5 6.7

Republic of Komi - 0.9 5.3 4.5 0.6 2.9 7.6 5.7 - 1.2

Vologda Oblast 4.4 6.0 8.0 6.5 2.7 1.6 3.6 4.0 -0.4 -2.5

Novgorod region 16.6 6.4 8.6 9.8 7.3 6.3 4.2 2.9 -13.7 -6.9

Pskov Region 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.3

Leningrad Region 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.3 -0.5

Republic of Karelia 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3

Kaliningrad Region 6.8 5.1 7.8 6.4 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 -6.6 -6.2

Murmansk Region 3.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 -2.9 -0.1

RF 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.3 6.0 7.5 3.5 3.0

NWFD 2.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 2.8 3.4 4.4 6.0 3.2 2.6

St. Petersburg 2.4 7.5 3.2 2.7 4.5 5.8 7.0 10.0 7.6 7.3

Table 5. The share of expenses for technological innovations from the total volume of investments in the industry, %

Region* 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p.p. P.

Novgorod region 23.5 30.1 22.9 20.8 11.0 15.7 9.1 39.3 15.8 18.5

Leningrad Region 4.4 6.0 9.0 3.4 10.5 7.3 7.0 12.5 8.1 9.1

Arkhangelsk Region 4.5 0.7 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.3 6.3 11.5 7.0 9.8

Pskov Region 5.8 8.4 6.1 6.5 5.0 5.8 5.3 10.5 4.6 3.9

Republic of Komi 8.7 2.3 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.9 41.9 4.9 -3.8 2.8

Republic of Karelia 3.1 12.3 15.8 30.7 16.9 28.5 6.8 2.9 -0.2 -27.8

Vologda Oblast 7.7 8.1 19.9 11.0 20.9 10.6 29.2 2.5 -5.2 -8.5

Murmansk Region 15.1 18.3 26.9 26.7 19.1 12.6 3.1 1.8 -13.3 -24.8

Kaliningrad Region 1.6 22.1 2.6 3.9 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 -0.1 -2.5

RF 11.0 12.4 9.3 9.4 13.6 11.2 18.5 19.5 8.5 10.1

NWFD 10.5 11.6 11.6 9.3 12.6 11.2 19.6 18.1 7.5 8.8

St. Petersburg 23.8 25.9 25.1 23.9 27.8 23.7 49.0 57.1 33.2 33.2

* Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

moreover, for the study period, the reduction was 8.6% (from 464 to 424 people). The number of organizations that carried out research and development among manufacturing industries in the Vologda Oblast was only two units, and the number of advanced production technologies they created was one.

Particular attention should be paid to the indicators of the financial block, which indicate the inefficient functioning of the industry. The share of profitable organizations since 2005 on average in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District has increased, reaching in 2012 the values of 62.6% and 57.4%, respectively. However, since 2008, it should be noted a decrease in data

th indicator for most subjects of the NWFD, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. The Komi Republic and the Pskov Region are the only regions in the Okrug that have increased their share of profitable organizations (54.2% and 62.3%, respectively). The share of organizations in the Vologda Oblast with positive financial results has decreased by 13.8 percentage points since 2008, amounting to 50.7% in 2012. The profit of enterprises in the region before tax reached only 43.4 billion rubles, which is 15 billion rubles less than in 2006.

Low values of the return on assets in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District are one of the main reasons for the negative financial

results of industrial organizations. The highest return on assets of industrial organizations is observed in the republics of Karelia and Komi, as well as in the Murmansk region (10.6%, 7.2% and 8.5%, respectively). Among the subjects of the NWFD, one can single out the Pskov, Novgorod and Arkhangelsk regions, where investments in the property of industrial organizations do not bring the corresponding return, the return on assets is negative (-0.3, -0.6, -3.9 percentage points, respectively) . This indicator in the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is already low - only 5.4%, in addition, over the analyzed period it also decreased by 4.3 percentage points (Table 6).

For 2005 - 2012 among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, there is a tendency for a decrease in production and industrial personnel in the total number of people employed in the economy. The Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad regions are the only regions where during the study period there is an increase in this indicator (+0.58 and +2.88 p.p., respectively). In the Vologda Oblast, there is the largest decrease in this indicator (-3.48 p.p.) among the regions of the NWFD (in 2012 - 23.65% against 27.13% in 2005, Table 7).

In addition, in the real sector, according to the monitoring of the functioning and development of the Vologda-

Table 6. Return on assets of industrial organizations, %

Republic of Komi 7.4 9.0 10.0 4.9 9.1 11.5 14.1 10.6 3.2 5.7

Murmansk Region 11.5 14.5 16.8 12.7 10.1 12.5 13.7 8.5 -3.0 -4.3

Republic of Karelia 22.8 10.2 9.5 15.0 -3.0 14.5 10.1 7.2 -15.6 -7.9

Leningrad Region 3.1 -0.7 8.6 6.3 1.6 3.7 2.9 5.5 2.4 -0.9

Vologda Oblast 9.7 3.4 7.7 9.1 1.5 -0.9 0.1 5.4 -4.3 -3.7

Kaliningrad Region 11.0 6.5 5.2 3.3 4.9 8.7 7.8 3.9 -7.1 0.6

Pskov Region 0.4 0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.5 2.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2

Novgorod region 29.5 9.4 18.6 7.6 1.8 1.5 2.5 -0.6 -30.0 -8.2

Arkhangelsk Region 3.2 -4.7 -0.4 -2.8 2.4 3.0 -2.4 -3.9 -7.1 -1.1

RF 9.2 11.3 9.9 7.1 5.7 8.1 7.9 7.0 -2.2 -0.2

NWFD 8.8 9.1 8.6 5.6 6.3 8.8 8.7 6.2 -2.6 0.6

St. Petersburg 15.7 16.7 13.9 14.8 8.3 13.2 10.6 3.0 -12.7 -11.8

* Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

Region* 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p.p. P.

Novgorod region 27.14 26.73 26.75 26.72 26.49 26.67 26.24 26.44 -0.70 -0.27

Leningrad Region 25.54 25.34 25.16 25.05 24.25 24.76 24.64 24.15 -1.39 -0.91

Vologda Oblast 27.13 26.29 26.06 25.11 23.90 24.54 24.44 23.65 -3.48 -1.46

Arkhangelsk Region 22.43 21.49 21.31 21.39 21.31 22.79 22.79 23.00 0.58 1.61

Kaliningrad Region 18.69 23.36 22.97 22.89 21.88 21.60 21.48 21.56 2.88 -1.32

Murmansk Region 21.69 21.67 20.88 20.23 19.87 20.29 20.52 20.21 -1.48 -0.02

Pskov region 20.29 20.64 20.93 20.78 19.97 19.95 19.53 19.73 -0.56 -1.04

Republic of Komi 20.80 20.70 20.58 20.07 19.44 20.36 20.02 19.31 -1.50 -0.76

Republic of Karelia 21.23 20.03 19.85 19.66 18.40 18.30 17.91 18.00 -3.23 -1.67

RF 21.66 21.33 21.05 20.62 19.69 19.67 19.63 19.42 -2.25 -1.20

NWFD 21.87 21.76 21.23 20.74 19.76 20.05 19.95 19.87 -2.00 -0.87

St. Petersburg 19.75 19.32 18.21 17.38 15.94 15.87 15.91 16.15 -3.61 -1.23

* Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

Table 7. The share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of people employed in the economy, %

oblast, conducted by ISEDT RAS in 2012, 54% of managers noted that the most acute problem is the lack of highly qualified workers in leading professions. This fact is explained by the decrease in the region (by 1600 people) of the share of output of workers with secondary vocational education, which in 2012 is about 3% of the total number of employed in industry. On average, the values of this indicator in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2012 do not exceed 5%.

A developed transport infrastructure is of great importance for the industrial potential. In the Russian Federation, the density of public railways in 2012 is 50 km per thousand square kilometers. meters of territory, and automobile - 54 km. In the North-West Federal District, these figures are somewhat higher, and the density of railway lines is 78 km, and that of automobile roads is 56 km. During the study period, practically no changes are observed in the development of the transport infrastructure of the Vologda Oblast. Both in 2005 and 2012, the region lags far behind in the density of railways (7.9 times) and roads (4.4 times), for example, compared to the Kaliningrad region (leader in the density of railways and roads). In 2012, per 1000 sq. meters of the territory of the region accounts for 53 and 82 kilometers of railways and roads, respectively. At the same time, the development of industrial parks in the region should be noted. In terms of the presence and size of such specially organized territories with ready-made production infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for accommodating new industrial capacities, the region is second only to the Leningrad Region. Thus, in 2012, according to the Association of

There are two industrial parks registered in the Vologda Oblast, Sokol and Sheksna, with a total area of land dedicated to industrial production of 1,624 hectares. In the Leningrad region for the same period, this figure is 3725 hectares. However, it is too early to talk about the significant efficiency of these parks. Currently, only two enterprises operate on the territory of the Sheksna park - the Pipe Profile Plant - Sheksna, a plant for the production of medical cotton wool. A biotechnological plant and a hot-dip galvanizing plant are under construction. This means that part of the land allocated for the construction of production facilities is still empty, and attracting new investors is slow.

In general, in order to achieve industrial and general economic growth of the territory, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of the road network, the construction of highways, alternate highways, transport interchanges and the maintenance of existing roads in a standard condition, as well as the railway networks of the territory. The development of infrastructure contributes to a better and more efficient management of material flows in the process of procurement, supply, transportation and storage of materials, parts and finished products, optimizes costs and rationalizes the production process, marketing and related services both within one enterprise and the entire industry of the region.

Analyzing the investment potential of the industry, it is necessary to note the increase in the inflow of investments in all regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The largest inflow of investments for the period 2005 - 2012. was carried out in the Republic of Komi and the Murmansk region (261.2 and 189.4 thousand rubles, respectively), the smallest - in the Republic

Karelia (50.3 thousand rubles). In 2012, in the Vologda Oblast, the volume of investment in industry per capita amounted to 125.6 thousand rubles, which is 2.6 times higher than in 2005 (48.9 thousand rubles).

At the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the share of bank capital directed to the development of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District. From 2008 -2012 the share of banking investments in the total volume of investments in the Novgorod region decreased by 7.4 p.p., in the Pskov region - by 6.1 p.p., in the Komi Republic - by 10 p.p. the period of time decreased by 3.9 p.p., amounting in 2012 to only 3.9% of the total

volume of investments in the industry. The Kaliningrad region is the leader among the subjects of the NWFD in terms of this indicator, where the share of banking capital was 19.7% (Table 8).

There is also a decrease in the share of investments directed to machines, equipment and vehicles of industrial organizations of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. The most significant decrease in this indicator is observed in the Kaliningrad region - by 28 p.p., in the Novgorod region - by 19.9 p.p., in the Republic of Karelia - by 16.2 p.p. region decreased by 7.6 p.p. and at the end of 2012 amounted to 28.2% (Table 9).

Table 8. The share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry, %

Region* 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p.p. P.

Kaliningrad region 30 12.5 27.1 24 7.7 5.3 11.4 19.7 -10.3 -4.3

Republic of Karelia 20.3 8.7 13.9 21.1 12.6 11 14.5 17.4 -2.9 -3.7

Pskov Region 2.2 10.1 17.8 17.7 3.1 19.5 6.9 11.6 9.4 -6.1

Novgorod region 3.2 10.3 7.6 14.9 13.8 14.5 15.2 7.5 4.3 -7.4

Leningrad Region 4.2 6.9 6.7 6.9 7.8 4.5 13.5 4.3 0.1 -2.6

Arkhangelsk Region 4.2 2.3 4.3 6.5 5.4 3.3 3.5 4.1 -0.1 -2.4

Vologda Oblast 7.5 3.7 11.4 7.2 10.8 9.2 4.9 3.6 -3.9 -3.6

Murmansk Region 6.5 4.6 11.3 3.7 7.3 9.3 2.4 1.0 -5.5 -2.7

Republic of Komi 2.1 1.7 9.3 10.4 8.7 15.7 1.1 0.4 -1.7 -10

RF 8.1 9.6 10.4 11.8 9 10.3 19.2 8.4 0.3 -3.4

NWFD 8.6 7.8 9.4 10.6 11.3 9.2 8.9 6 -2.6 -4.6

St. Petersburg 11.6 14.7 9.6 12.3 17.3 10.7 13.8 11.1 -0.5 -1.2

* Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

Region* 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p.p. P.

Murmansk Region 71.0 68.9 63.3 70.9 64.0 48.3 60.6 56.6 -14.4 -14.3

Pskov Region 53.9 58.3 49.2 46.2 51.1 43.5 50.7 52.2 -1.7 6.0

Republic of Karelia 55.1 46.3 53.4 53.5 43.0 40.9 41.7 38.9 -16.2 -14.6

Arkhangelsk Region 30.0 24.1 25.9 26.9 31.0 30.9 36.9 34.0 4.0 7.1

Novgorod region 52.2 57.8 43.9 33.2 37.9 29.5 40.2 32.3 -19.9 -0.9

Kaliningrad Region 56.5 51.3 47 40.7 45.4 44.2 33.3 28.5 -28.0 -12.2

Leningrad Region 41.2 28.9 32.5 28.3 31.5 30.1 36.2 28.3 -12.9 0

Vologda Oblast 35.8 30.4 35.1 36.4 45.9 46.2 35.2 28.2 -7.6 -8.2

Republic of Komi 39.5 29.5 39.3 32.3 26.0 21.6 33.6 26.8 -12.7 -5.5

RF 41.1 37.7 38.9 35.4 37.2 38.6 37.9 36.3 -4.8 0.9

NWFD 44.0 37.5 39.3 37.5 38.3 36.7 39.9 35.3 -8.7 -2.2

St. Petersburg 46.4 44.7 44.0 41.0 41.3 43.3 46.2 47.8 1.4 6.8

* Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.

Table 9. The share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles of the total investment in fixed assets of industrial organizations, %

Based on the results of the analysis of structural components, the values of the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the studied territories were calculated. To calculate it, as well as to take into account the significance of the degree of differences in indicators in their level by region, the method of multivariate comparative analysis was used, which allows taking into account not only the absolute values of the indicators of each region, but also the degree of their proximity (range) to the indicator-standard. In this regard, the coordinates of the compared regions are expressed in fractions of the corresponding reference coordinates. The maximum or minimum value of a particular indicator among all regions of the North-Western District for the entire study period was taken as reference indicators. The results of calculating the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are presented in Table 10.

In general, for the analyzed period from 2005 to 2012, the values of the integral indicators of the industrial potential of the subjects of the NWFD had slight fluctuations, i.e., they belonged to groups with an “average” or “below average” level of industrial potential. In 2012, the group with an “average” level of potential included almost all subjects. Nai-

Large values of the integral indicator of industrial potential for the same period among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are observed in the Leningrad, Kaliningrad regions and the Komi Republic. The smallest ones are in the Vologda, Pskov and Arkhangelsk regions. The Leningrad Region and the Komi Republic were able to significantly increase their potential (+0.146 and +0.117, respectively), which is marked by the transition of these entities from the group with a “below average” potential level to a group with an “average” level. In the Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Vologda regions, as well as the Republic of Karelia, a decrease in the value of the integral indicator of industrial potential is observed during the study period. The Pskov region is the only subject whose integral indicator for the entire period under review could not overcome the upper limit of the occupied group.

The value of the integral index of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is 0.390 percentage points. It is worth noting a significant decrease in the index in 2009-2010, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. Despite some increase in the integral indicator in the post-crisis period (+0.012), the values

Table 10. Values of integral indicators of the industrial potential of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District*

Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Index change

2012 - 2009 2012 - 2005 Change since 2005

Leningrad Region 0.378 0.393 0.419 0.422 0.437 0.452 0.547 0.524 +0.087 +0.146 ▲

Kaliningrad region 0.540 0.510 0.545 0.518 0.489 0.488 0.508 0.509 +0.020 -0.030 ▼

Republic of Komi 0.330 0.356 0.405 0.391 0.413 0.428 0.436 0.447 +0.034 +0.117 ▲

Murmansk Region 0.412 0.425 0.443 0.426 0.433 0.433 0.417 0.435 +0.002 +0.023 ▲

Republic of Karelia 0.432 0.387 0.411 0.430 0.356 0.409 0.427 0.423 +0.068 -0.009 ▼

Novgorod region 0.469 0.445 0.476 0.448 0.432 0.412 0.416 0.417 -0.015 -0.051 ▼

Vologda Oblast 0.419 0.400 0.432 0.469 0.374 0.343 0.384 0.390 +0.015 -0.030 ▼

Pskov Region 0.319 0.339 0.351 0.355 0.342 0.380 0.357 0.383 +0.041 +0.064 ▲

Arkhangelsk Region 0.340 0.377 0.412 0.409 0.374 0.366 0.352 0.375 +0.001 +0.035 ▲

*Regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. i i i- IDP "medium", ■■■■ - IDP "below average" ▲ - increase in AIP index ▼ - decrease in AIP index since 2005

D.G. OSIPOV

IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF THE REGION

Key words: industry, potential, production, development.

The industrial and production potential has been studied in connection with the urgency of the problem of regional positioning of industrial production within the framework of economic state-legal regulation. The main goal is to determine interregional relationships, the consequence of which is the formation of optimal production proportions of the industrial complex and the state as a whole, and this is an expression of the state industrial policy.

THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ESTIMATION INDUSTRIAL-PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF THE REGION Key words: industry, potential, production, development.

This article is about the industrial potential as the main factor of forming the economical and political status of the region. The industrial potential of the region is the base of forming the regional competitiveness. The industrial potential is examined from two principal positions. Such a twofold rating of the industrial potential is necessary for the identification of the position of the region among the others, its competitiveness, and also for the rating of its possibilities from the point of view of its development, structure and economical content.

The relevance of the study of the industrial potential of the region follows from the specifics of any administrative and economic entity as an element of a holistic, integrated system of the national economy.

"Potential" (derived from the Latin poletia - strength, opportunity, power) in the broad sense of the word is defined as means, reserves, sources that can be used, mobilized to achieve any goal and determine the capabilities of society, the state, the individual in its achievement. The term "potential" is applicable to various branches of science and human activity, depending on what means, reserves, sources, power are in question.

According to Academician L.P. Kurakov, the production potential of the economic system is the totality of resources placed at its disposal for creative activity.

In the late 1960s, potential problems were studied by G.M. Dobrov, who defined the potential as follows: "... as a set of parameters that characterize the ability of the system to solve current and future development problems" .

In the economic dictionary, potential is interpreted as "the totality of available funds, opportunities in specific areas."

A peculiar interpretation of the term potential was given by K.M. Misko. The scientist believes that the concept of "potential" is more consistent with such properties as opportunity, ability, since they characterize various hidden, unrealizable reserves of the object under study, which can be used when conditions change.

In turn, the specificity of the potential of the region is made up of historically established factors that determine the composition and structure of resources, means of production, labor force and have their own differences both in composition and in the structure of quantitative and qualitative parameters. Based on this, the production potential is an important classification characteristic of the region, which must be taken into account when determining the economic and political status of the region.

In our opinion, industrial and production potential is a set of resources provided for creative activity. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of these resources, as well as their integration, determine the production capacity of the economic link. However, the production potential, given the possibility of producing material goods and services, cannot serve as a measure of the beneficial effect.

At the same time, the industrial potential of the region is the basis for the formation of the region's competitiveness as a comparative characteristic that reflects the market potential and the ability of the regional industry to meet the needs of the market, and especially the most market needs. The industrial and production potential is a consequence of the historically established trends in the formation of the region, reflects its evolution and determines its existing positions as a set of specifically isolated industries of industrial production, directly or indirectly interconnected.

The need to study the industrial and production potential is emphasized by the relevance of the problem of regional positioning of industrial production within the framework of economic state legal regulation. The main goal is to determine interregional relationships, the consequence of which is the formation of optimal production proportions of the industrial complex and the state as a whole, and this is an expression of the state industrial policy.

Based on this, the features of the industrial and production potential of the region are formed, determined, on the one hand, by state policy and proportions for the balanced development of industrial potential, on the other hand, by the need to use the resources of the region, such as natural, human, scale-geographical, geopolitical, industrial and intellectual.

The industrial and production potential of the region is formed and evaluated from two fundamental positions:

Evaluation of the region from the point of view of a higher order organization, i.e. the economic potential of a particular region is assessed at the interregional or state level, where the region is presented as a basic element that makes up the industrial complex of the country as a whole;

The assessment of the potential of the region is presented as an integral assessment of the potentials of regional industrial production entities, which together constitute the potential of the region as a whole.

Such a two-dimensional assessment of the industrial and production potential of the region is necessary to determine the position of the region among others, its competitiveness, as well as to assess its potential in terms of its growth, structure and economic content.

Thus, we can conclude that two levels of assessing the potential of the region are formed: the first is a qualitative assessment of the region at the interregional level, based on the integral assessments of the region relative to other regions, which determine its state at a particular point in time and are expressed in relative scores; the second is a quantitative assessment that determines the dynamics of the state of the main estimated parameters of the industrial and production potential of the region, characterizing its capabilities, weaknesses and strengths.

The above approach to the essence of the industrial production potential and its assessment makes it necessary to analyze its structure. Under the structure of the industrial and production potential, we understand the location and subordination of the elements of the industrial and production

potential in space. Hierarchy as a form of expression of industrial and production potential is necessary, since the essence of the potential is focused on achieving a specific goal, reflected by its external assessment, in which different elements of the potential have an unequal relationship to the goal, which is characteristic of various social and production systems.

Thus, the essence of the industrial and production potential, when determining its structure, is reduced to the presentation of the studied potential as a subsystem of the production and economic system of the region, which makes it possible to represent it as a system object and use the rules and principles of the system approach.

Thus, the structure of industrial and production potential will be formed by such elements as industrial production, labor resources, intellectual resources, economic resources of the region and natural and spatial resources.

The concepts of potential and resource are very close in essence and content. In our opinion, not all the resources that the region has can be used as part of the potential of the region. The resources of the region have many properties, both positive and negative. And increments to the industrial potential are possible only if they carry a potential susceptibility, applicability to the historically established features of the region's industrial production. This applicability is considered on the basis of a set of goals and an external assessment of the region's potential in terms of its competitiveness.

Thus, all resources of the region can be divided into three groups:

a) directly induced - used in industrial production and introduced directly into the assessment of industrial production potential;

b) indirectly induced - resources that are not in demand in the current period, but they can be used in existing production processes. They refer to the assessment of production potential in terms of a susceptibility or applicability factor;

c) resources that are not in demand in the process of industrial production and are not used in the calculation or assessment of industrial production potential.

As for the methods for assessing industrial potential, it is planned to use the scoring method for external assessment based on the comparison of some parameters and coefficients with others, and internal assessment to be carried out on the basis of natural and cost indicators.

The integral assessment of the industrial potential expresses the essence of the internal assessment. It is determined on the basis of parameters that evaluate the internal structure of the production potential. These parameters are defined as dependent on external and internal factors and evaluate the level and condition of one or another element of the production potential.

In order to obtain an assessment of the objects of production potential, it is proposed to take into account the effect of mutual influence and interpenetration of elements of the structure of industrial and production potential. For example, directly in assessing one of the components of the potential as an intellectual resource, it is necessary to take into account the influence on it of such a parameter as labor resources. This aspect is proposed to be taken into account by determining the weight coefficients by the substitution method, which will eventually give an objective assessment of the industrial and production potential and its integral characteristics.

An important problem in assessing the potential is the choice of an integral link in the form of the main group of indicators, around which the main

tal indicators evaluating the industrial potential. When determining the main group of indicators, one should take into account the fact that under the influence of factors affecting both the structure and the development of industrial and production potential, the integrating group of indicators can change its essence and move from one indicator to another. Thus, there are obvious features for resource-deficient regions, where the intellectual potential of the region, which will dominate over production, will act as the dominant group. In other regions that are not deprived of natural resources (for example, oil-bearing regions), the assessment of the potential is carried out through a group of indicators for assessing extractive industries. As a result, at the level of external assessment, the potential of the region, which is built on a point basis, will have a result expressed in comparable indicators, but in their own way evaluating one or another essence of the region's competitiveness.

Thus, the deeper and more actively we use the characteristics of the region, local conditions, specific resources and other regional factors, the higher the internal integral assessment of the potential of the region and the external assessment of the region can be compared to others.

The need for an adequate assessment of the production potential of the region is determined by the dynamics of the market development, the external environment and other factors influencing production processes.

Reliably determining the parameters of the industrial potential and comparing them with the parameters of the resource potential of the region, it is possible to determine not only their state relative to the production potential and the level of their use, but also the ways and trends in the development of the region's economy as a whole. With the help of the identified and assessed structure of the industrial potential, it is possible to analyze individual industries.

The definition of the main trends and directions of development serves as the main guideline for the strategic direction of the region, which cannot be determined without a clear quantitative and qualitative assessment of the industrial production potential. In addition, the assessment of the industrial and production potential provides grounds for the formation of forecasts for the development of related areas of the socio-economic life of the region. Focusing on the state of industrial potential, it is possible to very selectively form the investment policy of the region and determine the investment strategy implemented by both the state and commercial investment structures in the industrial and production sector of the region.

The assessment of industrial and production potential makes it possible to objectively evaluate and implement innovative programs, to form them on a realistic basis obtained from assessments of production potential. The industrial and production potential also assesses the need for one or another direction in personnel training, development of production infrastructure, including the expansion of commercial relations, procurement logistics, etc. The importance and relevance of forming an assessment of the production potential of the region are indisputable for the formation of a national industrial policy.

Literature

1. Actual problems of science of science / ed. G.M. Dobrova. M.: Thought, 1969. 196 p.

2. Big economic dictionary: 25000 terms / A.N. Azrilyana, O.M. Azrilyan, E.V. Kalashnikov and others; ed. A.N. Azrilyana. 6th ed., supplement. M.: Institute of New Economics, 2004. 1373 p.

3. Large Economic Dictionary: approx. 17000 econ. terms and terminology. combinations / I.A. Maksimtsev, A.V. Rozhdestvensky, L.S. Tarasevich, A.L. Kurakov; ed. L.P. Kurakov. Cheboksary: Chuvash Publishing House. un-ta, 2007. 1027 p.

4. Kurakov L.P. Russian economy: state and prospects / L.P. Kurakov. Moscow: Logos, 1998. 575 p.

5. Resource potential of the region (theoretical and methodological aspects of the study) / ed. K.M. Misko. M.: Nauka, 1991. 94 p.

6. Status and prospects for the development of the economy of the Chuvash Republic / Kurakov L.P., Fedorov N.V. M.: Press service, 1997. 360 p.

OSIPOV DENIS GENNADIEVICH was born in 1983. He graduated from the Russian University of Cooperation. Assistant at the Department of Branch Economics, Chuvash State University. The area of scientific interests is the study of the industrial and production potential of the region. Author of 3 scientific papers.

The use of the production potential of the region is a multifaceted and complex process. Therefore, in our opinion, the analysis of the achieved level of its use should be carried out using a system of indicators. The central place in this system should be occupied by a generalizing indicator that makes it possible to compare the actual output of products by enterprises located in the region with its potential output, which enterprises are able to provide with the most efficient use of these production capacities, as well as labor and material and energy resources. As such a generalizing indicator, you can use the Kipp production potential utilization factor, which is determined by the formula:

Kipp = Вр/N р, (4.1)

where Вр - the volume of output in the region (or some economic system of a regional nature);

N p - production potential of the region (economic system of a regional nature).

The calculation of the generalizing indicator is associated with some difficulties, since the methodology for determining the value of the production potential has not yet been practically developed.

Some scientists believe that the production potential of a territorial complex is equal to the sum of the production capacities of the enterprises that form it, minus the losses in production capacity caused by the discrepancy between the availability of individual production resources and the need for them. Determining the value of the production potential of the region, one cannot limit oneself to taking into account the influence of only a few

provision of resources for enterprises in the region.

Regional markets for factors of production have always been and are local markets. The degree of localization of regional markets for the three most important factors of production - labor, land and capital - decreases as the division of labor and the internationalization of production develop. Among the three listed factors, capital is the least localized resource; it can be controlled to the least extent within a particular region.

Capital as an economic resource exists in two forms: financial and physical. Physical capital invested in machinery and equipment is limitedly mobile, while the key characteristic of financial capital is its spatial mobility. Unlike labor and especially land, whose regional supply is determined by regional conditions and is almost inelastic, especially in the short run, the supply of capital is elastic.

The regional elasticity of capital depends on many circumstances, so the degree of localization of regional capital markets varies greatly in different countries, as well as the regional elasticity of capital supply.

The most important of these factors are:

 features of the organization of production in a particular country and region;

 arrangement of the banking system;

 the degree of development of interregional relations and the level of internationalization of the economy.

Features of the organization of production in the regions relate to the concentration of production and ownership. In large companies that carry out production throughout the country, financial resources are concentrated, as a rule, in the region where the head office of the company is located. Decisions on the development of production and investments, the promotion of new technologies and goods are made by the head office, capital in this case is exogenous for an individual region.

With a high level of capital concentration, the sectoral structure of the economy dominates over the regional structure, since, as a rule, financial resources are concentrated in a relatively small number of regions, most often in the capital. All other regions, especially peripheral and underdeveloped ones, where production is represented

only regional branches of large companies, are dependent on decisions regarding the allocation of capital, taken by the parent organizations.

The sectoral structure of production and ownership affects the regional market of financial resources in a different way, if the economy of the region is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises whose economic interests are concentrated in this region, investment decisions are made within this region.

Features of the concentration of production and ownership determine the formation of demand for investment in the region: whether it is exogenous, that is, formed independently of the region, or formed within the region itself.

The existing structure of the banking system and the distribution of financial institutions have an impact on the regional capital market similar to the sectoral structure of production and ownership, but this impact concerns the regional supply of capital.

Different countries have historically developed different banking systems: either with a predominance of large national banks, or with a predominance of regional banks. The regional supply of capital is not rigidly set by its intra-regional stock, since capital is mobile; nevertheless, the regional concentration of banks

and financial institutions has a strong influence on the supply of capital resources in various regions.

The third factor from among the above is similar in its influence to the sectoral structure of production, but is associated with the activities of transnational companies in the region, the scale and capabilities of which are limited by the national economy. It should also be taken into account that enterprises may have some

other quite real situations with security and use of production resources.

Thus, some enterprises in the region may be provided with certain types of resources in excess, that is, the availability of certain types of resources may exceed the need for them calculated according to progressive standards to fulfill the production plan, corresponding to the fullest load of production capacity. Enterprises

they can also improve the use of living labor, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, and more widely involve the waste of material resources in economic circulation. As a result, there is a kind of excess of resources created by the efforts of the enterprise itself. The incomplete provision of some enterprises with labor and material and energy resources leads to a partial underutilization of the production capacities of each of them, and ultimately to a decrease in their production potentials and the production potential of the region as a whole.

The surplus of resources we are considering can be used by enterprises to increase their ability to produce products, that is, their production potential. This increase can occur in several ways. The first is a slight increase in the production capacity of the enterprise. The second one is for

through the use of incomplete reserves of production capacity in individual shops and in individual sections, in groups of equipment, as well as cooperation in the use of production capacity with other enterprises in the region. The third (mixed) - partly due to an increase in production capacity, and partly - without increasing it. There is every reason to consider the third way the most acceptable and most promising in increasing the production potential of enterprises in the region due to the excess supply of certain types of resources, as well as a more rational use of resources. Thus, the value of the production potential of the region N p can be determined by the formula:

where N p - the value of the production potential of the region, thousand rubles. gross or normative net production;

Mi - production capacity of the i-th enterprise of the region;

NM - the value of the underused (underloaded) capacity of the i-th enterprise due to the incomplete provision of its labor and material and energy resources;

∆N i - increase in the production potential of the i-th enterprise without increasing its production capacity;

k is the total number of enterprises in the region;

l - the number of enterprises in the region with underused (underloaded) capacity due to incomplete provision of labor and material and energy resources;

m is the number of enterprises in the region that provide an increase in potential without increasing production capacity.

The rest of the indicators, with the exception of the coefficient of utilization of production potential, can be divided into three relatively separate subsystems.

The resource potential of the region is a variable value: new types of mineral resources are discovered, their quantity changes (depleted or replenished), the structure is transformed. As indicators of resource provision for any region, an indicator of resource availability (the ratio of this type of resource to the population and its dynamics) can be used.

When assessing the economic potential of the region, one should take into account the restrictions on the use of resource potential associated with environmental factors. To take them into account, a special parameter is introduced - the ecological capacity of the territory, i.e. the ability of the natural environment to perform its functions without fail (to provide opportunities for the development of human life, the preservation of the function of reproduction of resources and the necessary conditions for existence).

In relation to the resource potential, cost and natural valuation is used. The valuation has a high degree of conventionality, but it is also more in line with the meaning of assessing the economic potential of the region. To determine the resource potential of thickets, natural indicators are used: the volume of reserves of various categories of mineral raw materials and fuel, their qualitative characteristics (content of useful components, energy equivalent, absence of harmful impurities, etc.). When developing methodological provisions for assessing the magnitude of the natural resource potential, it becomes necessary to aggregate all elements (factors) that take into account the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the natural resource base.

Natural resource potential ( PRP) depends on the amount of relevant resources, their productivity, qualitative impact on the state of the environment:

where Q- the amount of a particular type of resource; R- the productivity of a particular resource; With- the content of the useful component, reflecting the qualitative state of the resource.

Production potential, along with physical indicators (the value of production capacity or the number of basic equipment) can be estimated in monetary terms, for which various methods are used. However, from the point of view of characterizing the capabilities of industry and other sectors of the economy, a qualitative assessment of the elements of this potential is necessary, i.e. their market value as economic objects. The position of the region in terms of the scale of production potential can be represented by indicators of the cost of fixed assets and capital productivity.

Assessment of the production potential of the region is a complex and multifaceted process. Therefore, the analysis and assessment of the achieved level of its use should be carried out using a system of indicators. The central place should be occupied by a generalizing indicator that makes it possible to compare the actual output of products by enterprises located in the region with the potential output that enterprises are able to provide with the most efficient use of production capacities, intellectual, labor, material, energy, natural and other resources. As a generalizing indicator, you can calculate the coefficient of use of production potential K ppp:

where В р - the volume of output in the region (or regional subsystem) for the period of time Г; Np- production potential of the region (or regional subsystem), estimated over a period of time T.

The system of indicators for assessing the production potential of the region is presented in Table. 7.1.

Calculation of indicators of the first group. All group coefficients can be determined by the formula

where K(? p - coefficients representing the average level of use of production capacity in the region, the normative value of this capacity, the average level of development of the design capacity; B; - the annual volume of output of products by the i'th enterprise; M production capacity y-y of the enterprise (respectively for the use of production, design or standard production capacity).

Table 7.1

Indicators for assessing the production potential of the region

The first group - indicators for assessing the level of use of capacity resources	The second group - indicators for assessing the level of use of material resources	The third group - indicators for assessing the efficiency of the use of labor resources
1. Coefficients representing the regional average level of use of production capacity of the standard value of this capacity; average level of development of design capacity. 2. Coefficients characterizing the average level of equipment use in the region: equipment shift ratio; B equipment load factor. 3. Cost indicators expressing the average return of the production apparatus for the enterprises of the region: the average return on assets for the region;	1. Summarizing the indicator of material consumption. 2. Partial indicators of material consumption of individual types of products. 3. The indicator of the average decrease in the consumption rates of the main types of material resources	1. Indicators characterizing the level of labor productivity. 2. Average production in the region. 3. Indicators characterizing the regional level of labor intensity of products

The indicators characterizing the level of equipment use include the coefficients of shift work of equipment and equipment loading.

Equipment shift ratio - the ratio of the planned, estimated or actual machine capacity of manufactured products to the actual annual fund of time for all installed equipment when working in one shift. The formula for calculating the value of the shift coefficient of equipment operation at the i-th enterprise of the region to shlv has the following form:

- total planned, estimated or actual machine intensity

products, machine-h; From the mouth - the number of units of installed equipment; Fd - actual (calculated) one-shift fund of equipment operation time, h.

Equipment load factor (& 3), showing the ratio of the total machine capacity required for the manufacture of the planned or actual quantity of products, to the actual fund of operating times of the installed equipment in a given operating mode:

where b - total planned or actual machine intensity of products; \u003d 1

tion, machine-h; P - plant operation mode (number of shifts).

These indicators characterize the use of technological equipment, on which the value of production capacity depends. The dynamics of indicators reflects the level of extensive use of equipment.

The indicators characterizing the average return of the production apparatus for the region include the average return on assets for the region and the average return on machines.

The average return on assets for the region FO^ is determined by the formula

where FD; - return on assets of the nau-th enterprise of the region; C 0 f; - - the average annual cost of the fixed production assets of the y-th enterprise; t -

The average return on assets in the region has a direct functional relationship with indicators that reflect the level of equipment utilization. At the plant, the number of equipment is increasing, its cost and productivity are growing. However, the loading of equipment increases slowly, which negatively affects the value of capital productivity.

The indicator characterizing the efficiency of using the active part of fixed production assets is the average machine output of the MO? R:

where MO, is the machine output of the nau-th enterprise of the region for the reporting period; C 0/ is the average cost of technological equipment at the enterprise for the period.

The first group of indicators makes it possible to study the use of capacity resources at the regional level, supplementing it with a comprehensive analysis at the level of individual enterprises. The analysis reveals room for increasing and improving the use of cash in the region's production capacity. These reserves are directly related to the reserves for increasing and improving the use of the region's production potential.

Calculation of indicators of the second group. The main indicators are the material consumption of products.

The generalizing indicator of the material intensity of products in value terms is the ratio of the cost of all material resources expended over a period of time T, for production needs to the volume of output for the same period. The valuation of the volume of marketable output can be given in terms of wholesale prices of enterprises or in standard net output.

where C and C 2 , C 3 - respectively, the cost of raw materials, materials, purchased semi-finished products; C - the cost of consumed means of production (C \u003d B \u003d C! + C 2 + C 3 + depreciation); V- necessary product (salary and deductions); t - surplus product (profit).

Material consumption can be defined as the ratio of material costs to newly created value or to the volume of standard pure production (V + t):

The generalizing indicator of the material intensity of all products for the region MC SH can be determined by the formula

where M total ^ - the level of the total material consumption of all products nau "-.h the enterprise of the region (per 1 ruble of normative net production); AT) - the total volume of output at the enterprise for the reporting period.

Calculation of indicators of the third group. The main indicators are those characterizing the level of labor productivity.

The indicator of the average output in the region PT|? p is determined by the formula

where in; - the volume of production output by the enterprise for the reporting period; T h; - labor costs of the y-th enterprise for the reporting period for the production of products; tp - number of businesses in the region.

Depending on the labor costs taken into account, there are indicators of output per employee (per employee of industrial production personnel (PPP)), per worker, as well as average daily or average hourly output per worker. I single out the following methods for determining production indicators: natural cost, conditionally natural and labor.

The leading role in assessing the use of production capabilities of labor resources belongs to the cost method. It allows you to measure the level of labor productivity in a multi-product production; take into account in the volume of production the release of finished products and semi-finished products, work performed, work in progress.

The increase in production in the region due to an increase in labor productivity AB ^ T is determined by the following formula:

where LV 11T is the coefficient of growth in the volume of production in the reporting period at the y-th enterprise of the region due to an increase in labor productivity; In DV y is the total increase in the volume of production in the reporting period at the y-th enterprise of the region, thousand rubles.

Savings (release) of the number of employees due to the growth of labor productivity is determined by the formula

where E h - savings in the number of employees in the reporting period compared to the base period, people; Ch b c - the average number of employees, calculated on the volume of production of the reporting period according to the basic output per employee, people; H 0 - the actual average number of employees in the reporting period.

The labor force shift coefficient, showing how many shifts the enterprise could work with the maximum load of shifts:

where K c is the labor force shift coefficient; NDF - the number of man-days actually worked by workers in all shifts in a given period; BH ZS - the number of man-days worked in the busiest shift.

Thus, the basis for determining the efficiency of using the production potential of the region is the assessment of the use of production capabilities of all elements of the production process: living labor, means and objects of labor. This is explained by the fact that on the basis of taking into account the production capabilities of these elements, the value of the production potential of the region is determined.

The production potential of the economic system characterizes the potential of production occurring within its boundaries to ensure the maximum output per unit of time. In the economic system of the region, industry, agriculture, construction and other important sectors of the sphere of material production are primarily distinguished. Each of them, in turn, is subdivided into a number of more fractional branches. In this regard, it is legitimate to speak about the sectoral structure of the production potential of the economic system of the region (its economic complex), that is, to single out the production potentials of industry, agriculture, construction, etc., within the production potential of this complex.

The magnitude and level of use of the production potential of the economic system depend on many factors. Let us first of all consider the totality of factors that cause an increase in the production potential of the region. They include all the factors contributing to the increase in the production capacity of enterprises located in the territory of a particular region.

This provision is based on the fact that the production capacity of each individual enterprise is the basis for the formation of the value of its production potential, that is, it acts as its central link.

The factors for increasing the production capacity of enterprises in the region can be divided into two groups:

 affecting the expansion of the scope of work;

 causing an increase in the productivity of technological equipment and workplaces.

The expansion of the front of work does not depend on all the means of labor available at the enterprise, but only on the number of technological equipment and production areas. With an increase in the number of equipment and jobs, conditions are created for the expansion of production in space. At the same time, equipment and workplaces must be selected so that their structure corresponds to the structure of manufactured products, in other words, their throughput must achieve the maximum level of consistency.

A certain ratio should also exist between the production capacities of the sites, workshops of the enterprise. The production capacity does not reflect the total energy capacity of the enterprise and does not consist of the sum of the capacities of individual working machines. It depends on the level of compliance of the structure of equipment and jobs with the structure of machine-intensiveness (labor intensity) of manufactured products. One of the important conditions for the production carried out by a system of machines and based on the cooperation of "partial machines" is the observance of norms and proportions between their number, dimensions and operating speeds. Ignoring the principle of proportionality in the construction of a system of machines narrows the scale of production in relation to the available number of machines and jobs, leads to a decrease in the efficiency of using the production apparatus of enterprises.

The factors for increasing the productivity of machines (jobs) are mainly associated with an improvement in the qualitative composition of technological equipment. The more perfect the machines and equipment, the higher their productivity per unit of operating time, the greater the production capacity of the departments and the enterprise as a whole. The productivity of machines and equipment also depends on the quality of the objects of labor. The higher the quality of materials, semi-finished products, the less time it takes to process them, the more the company will be able to manufacture products, the greater its production capacity.

The improvement of the technological process has a significant impact on increasing the productivity of machines. The introduction of advanced technology makes it possible to intensify the production process, that is, to reduce both the machine and the total time of manufacturing the product. An increase in the productivity of machines largely depends on the perfection of the designs of manufactured products. The simplicity of the design scheme of products and individual components, their high manufacturability in production are the most important prerequisites for reducing the machine intensity (labor intensity) of manufactured products.

The productivity of machines also depends on the qualifications of the workers. The systematic improvement of their general and technical education, the improvement of production skills and, on this basis, the growth of the level of qualifications create favorable social prerequisites for increasing the productivity of the means of labor. The staffing of industrial enterprises with qualified personnel accelerates the development of modern technology, makes it possible to make the most of its potentialities, introduce progressive technological processes more widely, and thus systematically increase the production capacities of enterprises.

Consequently, the factors for increasing the production capacity of an enterprise are associated with all the main elements of the production process. With the means of labor, this connection is manifested in quantitative and qualitative aspects, and with the objects of labor and labor itself - only in a qualitative aspect. The growth of the production capacity of the enterprise, which is due to the improvement of factors affecting the increase in the productivity of technological equipment and jobs, is expressed in the magnitude of the machine intensity (labor intensity) of manufactured products. Knowing the magnitude and structure of the machine intensity (labor intensity) of products, as well as its compliance with the structure of the equipment fleet and jobs, it is possible to determine the possible increase in output through the use of reserves to increase the production capacity of individual units and the enterprise as a whole.

The system of factors affecting the value of the production potential of the region also includes factors that are associated with such elements of the production process as human labor and objects of labor, with the provision of enterprises in the region with workers and material and energy resources in the amount necessary for the full use of their production capacities. The mechanism of influence of these factors has specific features.

Among the factors that improve the production capabilities of human labor at the enterprises of the region and thereby increase their production potentials, one should first of all include a group that affects the productivity of machines (jobs). These include:

 technical level of machines and equipment, their modernization; improvement of existing and introduction of new progressive technological processes;

 constructive improvement of products;

 increasing the level of its unification and standardization;

 Ensuring the proper quality and standard sizes of consumed material resources;

 raising the skill level of workers and, on this basis, a better mastery of the tools they use. All these factors, directly affecting the reduction of machine intensity (labor intensity) of the production program, provide an increase in the productivity of machinery and equipment (jobs) and ultimately cause an increase in the production capacity of the enterprise. However, reducing the labor intensity of the production program at the same time leads to savings in the cost of living labor or the release of the number of workers in the main production, which finds its concrete expression in the growth of the production potential of the enterprise. Consequently, the listed groups of factors influence the value of the production potential of the region through the growth of the capacities of enterprises and the increase in the production capabilities of living labor employed in the main production of these enterprises.

The value of the production potential of the region is affected by the production possibilities of living labor employed in the auxiliary production of the region. These possibilities themselves depend on factors that ensure a reduction in the labor intensity of products and works of auxiliary production, as well as work on servicing the production process in the main and auxiliary shops of enterprises. These include:

 increasing the technical level of the equipment used in auxiliary and service processes and the degree of mastering it by workers;

 advanced training of workers employed here;

 provision of auxiliary and service processes with high quality materials of the required grades and sizes;

 improvement of the applied technology in a labor-saving direction;

 improving the organization of labor of workers involved in these processes and increasing the level of its mechanization. The availability and use of material resources, which directly affect the value of the production potential of the enterprise and, consequently, the value of the production potential of the region, in turn, depend on a number of factors. Among them, the main factors are the design improvement of products of the main and auxiliary production, the improvement of the technological processes operating in these industries in a material-saving direction, as well as factors that ensure

reducing the cost of material and fuel and energy resources for repair and maintenance needs.

Improving the use of production waste is one of the factors that improve the use of material resources and, on this basis, increase the production potential of the region.

At present, quite a lot of experience has already been accumulated in involving waste in production at the regional level.

The value of the production potential of the region depends on the provision of enterprises located on its territory, labor force, as well as material and raw materials and fuel and energy resources. This refers to the satisfaction of the need for resources, calculated according to progressive, technically justified norms for the expenditure of living and materialized labor for the implementation of the production programs of enterprises that ensure the full use of their production capacities.

Among the factors influencing the level of use of the production potential of the region, the central place is occupied by those that determine the level of use of the production capacities of its enterprises. Factors contributing to the improvement of the use of production capacities find their quantitative expression in the ratio of work time and time losses when using the potential of the enterprise in the planned period for the production of products, in other words, they cover the area of organization of the functioning of the means of labor in time.

A more complete use of production capacity is facilitated by a reduction in the time of unproductive operation of equipment.

Losses of time are divided into regulated and unregulated. Regulated loss of time (preparatory and final work, equipment repair, lunch breaks, non-working shifts, non-working days and days off) are provided for by the current regulations. Unplanned loss of time

include whole-shift and intra-shift downtime of equipment.

Integral downtime, as a rule, is caused by the action of socio-economic factors (absence of machine operators of various professions, reduced operating hours of the enterprise, shortcomings in organizing the remuneration of machine operators and stimulating the use of production capacities, a decrease in the sales market for products or its national economic needs, etc.).

Intra-shift downtime is mainly associated with the action of organizational and technical factors (incompleteness of cooperative deliveries, insufficiently high level of material and technical supply of jobs and concentration of production of homogeneous products without taking into account the technological capabilities of equipment, shortcomings in the organization of production, labor and management).

Factors affecting the level of use of that part of the production potential of the region, which depends on the production capabilities of human labor and material and energy resources (at individual enterprises) in comparison with the production capabilities of the means of labor, determined by production capacity, can be divided into two groups: regional and internal.

In the first group of factors (of a regional nature), the main ones are:

 full or partial transfer to other enterprises of the region of a certain excess of labor and material resources formed at its individual enterprises (for reasons of logistics or for internal reasons depending on them) over the need for them for the successful implementation of the planned production program that maximizes the loading of cash production capacity;

 rational use by enterprises-recipients of the resources received to increase their production potential, preventing the loss of these resources;

 development of cooperation in the use of incomplete reserves of production capacities between the enterprises of the region in order to use the surplus of material and labor resources noted by us to increase the regional production potential.

Factors of an internal nature (acting within enterprises) are:

 full (without loss) and rational use of surplus resources to increase the production potential of the enterprise;

 mobilization for this purpose of incomplete reserves of production capacities of individual divisions of the enterprise;

 implementation, if necessary, of some increase in the throughput of individual links of the enterprise (sections, groups of equipment) to maximize the use of available opportunities to increase its production potential.

These factors affect the level of use of the production potential of the region. Most of them cover activities related to the use of reserves of an organizational nature and do not require significant capital investments in the main production. In this classification, the factors are presented in a generalized form. However, this does not exclude the possibility

their differentiation, which applies equally to the factors influencing both the magnitude and the degree of use of the production potential.

The classification of factors that cause an increase in production potential and improvement of its use is of great importance for managing the process of increasing and using production potential in a region, as well as individual enterprises (associations). The use of such classifications in management practice will make it possible to achieve organic unity in the field of development planning and the use of production potential, and to rationally allocate material and financial resources for this purpose.

Industrial production potential of the region. Theoretical aspects of production potential and its evaluation. Absolute and relative potential values

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Assessment of industrial potential of the region

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