Profile for plastic windows and its types. Which profile of plastic windows is better. High quality Salamander profile

When purchasing windows, clients most often know almost nothing about the profile and other components used for assembly. To simplify the formulation as much as possible, window profiles are the elements from which the framework of frames and sashes is made. Their choice is influenced by many factors that are recommended to be taken into account. Profiles are responsible for the stability of window structures, energy saving, sound insulation, appearance and tightness, and the durability of windows also depends on them.

Customers usually receive information about the characteristics of PVC systems from the manager in a highly compressed form and may make a mistake in their choice. After all, they do not have basic knowledge and time to think through different options. As a result of such actions, buyers do not get what they wanted. To avoid falling into such situations, you need to fundamentally change your approach to the ordering procedure. Our article will tell you how to choose a profile for plastic windows and what else you need to pay close attention to.

What to consider when choosing a PVC profile

To make a successful purchase of windows, you need to correctly build the sequence of actions. First of all, you will need to find out which profile is better before you order plastic windows. That is, first the brand and type of system are selected, and then the manufacturing company. To find a suitable system, you need to comprehensively consider several criteria.

Profile class

The set of industrial standards RAL-GZ 716/1, which is relevant for EU countries, provides for 3 classes of window profiles - A, B, C. This division and the requirement to mark systems protected buyers from purchasing products that do not meet their requirements. Systems of different classes differ from each other according to 2 main characteristics:

• composition of raw materials for co-extrusion of profiles;
• thickness of external and internal walls.

The service life, reliability and aesthetic appearance of windows depend on the quality of raw materials and the thickness of the plastic.

The durability of class A products ranges from 40 to 60 years, and class B is only 20 years. Class C profiles will last only 5 years, but they are not commercially available.

Profile width and number of air chambers

The width (installation depth) and the number of chambers affect both the stability of the windows and their heat-saving properties. The greater these parameters, the warmer and stiffer the structures assembled from such a profile. Today on the market there are systems that have from 3 to 8 cameras and installation depths from 58 to 127 mm.

Thickness of external and external walls

These parameters affect the strength, durability and level of load resistance. For profiles of different classes, these indicators differ as follows:

A-class– the outer walls must exceed 2.8 mm, and the internal jumpers must be at least 2.5 mm;
B-class– the minimum allowed by the standard for external walls is 2.5 mm, and for internal walls – 2 mm.

The thickness of the profile walls also determines the level of noise absorption of window structures and their energy efficiency.

With the same number of chambers and the same installation depth, class A windows are warmer and quieter than class B models.

Reinforcement

Plastic windows without reinforcement can become deformed due to the load from large sashes that are heavy. This process entails depressurization of the structure. To prevent this, special metal inserts are inserted into the internal chambers. They differ from each other in cross-section and wall thickness, which should not be less than 1.2 mm. Their optimal thickness is 1.5 mm.

Today, leading European manufacturers of premium systems are actively replacing metal liners with elements made of durable fiberglass. Without sacrificing strength, they reduce the weight of windows and increase their energy efficiency.

Environmental friendliness of PVC

When making profiles, various stabilizers and modifiers are added to pure PVC to improve the strength, color and heat resistance of the products. Previously, many manufacturers used additives that contained harmful lead. Although studies conducted in Europe partially dispelled buyers' fears and proved that PVC is harmless to health, fear of this metal remains. In addition, lead is undesirable in plastic recycling. As a result, manufacturers replaced the harmful additive with a new, completely safe stabilizer, CaZn.

The biggest concern is not the certified products, but the profiles made in artisanal conditions. Such products may contain lead and other substances harmful to health. In order not to order windows from such components, you need to require a certificate of compliance with environmental safety requirements.

Maximum glass width

Different profiles have different maximum thicknesses of double-glazed windows that can be installed in windows. Typically, this parameter directly depends on the installation depth of the system. The larger it is, the thicker the double-glazed windows can be used to complete the windows.

With the advent of selective glass, there was no longer a need to use thick double-glazed windows to retain heat. Three-chamber models are recommended for use only in northern regions or in noisy areas (to increase the level of sound absorption of windows).

Number of sealing circuits

Modern profile systems have 2 or 3 sealing circuits. The tightness class of structures depends on their number. If the windows are planned to be used in conditions of high wind loads or at very low temperatures, it is advisable to give preference to profiles with 3 sealing contours.

Rebate depth for installation of double-glazed windows

This parameter is rarely paid attention to, although it is important. The depth of the rebate affects the likelihood of condensation occurring around the perimeter of the double-glazed windows. For profiles with a short landing distance, the glass around the spacer quickly cools in winter. This leads to the formation of condensation. To reduce the risk of it falling out, it is recommended to give preference to systems with a rebate depth of at least 20-21 mm.

Lamination

Most window companies additionally provide plastic lamination services. Its essence is to apply a polymer film with a plain or tree-like decor on one or two sides of the profile. If you plan to install colored windows at a facility, it is recommended to find out exactly what coatings the manufacturer offers.

During the search process, you cannot limit yourself to studying profiles. The thermal characteristics of windows depend no less on double-glazed windows and fittings.

How to choose a suitable plastic profile if you need warm windows

To figure out which profile to choose for PVC windows with high energy efficiency, you first need to understand how heat is retained indoors. Fittings, double-glazed windows and, of course, the profile system are responsible for this process. Most heat is lost through the translucent filling, so you need to take care of this part of the window structure first. However, without taking into account the characteristics of the profiles, it is impossible to complete this task, since there are 2 ways to increase the energy efficiency of windows:

1. Install thick double-glazed windows– such integration is only possible in structures assembled from profiles with an installation depth of 70 mm or more. The number of internal cameras in such windows is usually 5-6 pieces.
2. Install single-chamber double-glazed windows with selective coating– such installation does not require a powerful profile. However, the use of 3-chamber systems with an installation depth of 58-60 mm will lead to heat leakage in the area of ​​the sashes and frame, so a 5-chamber profile would be the best option.

To produce warm windows with any type of double-glazed windows, it is necessary to use profiles with increased installation depth for assembly. Otherwise, the energy efficiency of the structures will be insufficient to maintain a comfortable temperature in the interior.

Which profile is better if you need large windows?

Large structures experience high loads. They must withstand the weight of heavy double-glazed windows and gusts of wind. Since not all buyers know when ordering large plastic windows which profile is best to choose, they may subsequently encounter deformation of large structures. To avoid this, you need to follow several recommendations:

• give preference to a multi-chamber A-class profile with an external wall thickness of 3 mm and an installation depth of 80-86 mm;
• order closed reinforcement with steel liners with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm;

Based on these two points, you can choose large windows that will last for many years and will not cause any trouble.

Which profile is suitable if you need colored windows?

Laminated, painted and lined with acrylic – these are the types of colored windows. All of the listed plastic window profiles are on sale today, but most buyers do not know how to choose the most suitable one. In order for designs to fully meet the client’s needs, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate:

• service life of decors;
• operating conditions of coatings;
• cost of color profiles.

In addition to systems lined with decorative coatings, manufacturers offer body-painted profiles. They retain their aesthetic characteristics throughout the entire service life of the structures.

If windows with dark lamination are planned to be used on the sunny side of the building, you need to find out whether PVC can withstand overheating for a long time. Inexpensive profiles quickly soften under such conditions, which ultimately leads to deformation of the sashes and frames.

What to choose if you need secure windows

To make safe windows, you need a profile with a fitting groove offset that will allow installation. In addition, it is necessary to equip the structures with reliable steel reinforcement. The more cameras a profile with an increased installation width has, the more difficult it is to open such windows from the street side.

Attempts to break into windows with a high level of security can cause minor damage to profile structures. As a result, for the manufacture of such models it is recommended to choose systems made from environmentally friendly plastic.

How to choose the right profile at a good price

Systems that meet all the most stringent requirements belong to the premium class. But this does not mean that buying high-quality windows excludes savings. With the right approach, you can reduce your costs a little.

Firstly, you will need to first find out, when ordering inexpensive plastic windows, which profile to choose for your climate. Not all regions require maximum thermal insulation values.
Secondly, take into account the location of your window openings. If the windows face the courtyard, then there is no point in overpaying for increased sound insulation characteristics.

If you absolutely require structures that retain heat well, do not allow noise to pass through and make it difficult to break into, use our advice, without sacrificing quality.

Selecting a profile is the first priority from which you should begin the window purchasing procedure. This process requires prior knowledge of the basic information necessary for a successful search. You can find all the latest information about components for assembling window and door units on the OknaTrade website in the “Useful Articles” section.

Profile PVC profile Wood profile PVC windows Wooden windows

From this review you will learn:

• Popularity rating of plastic windows on the Internet
• Which profile for windows is better according to GOST and European standards
• How to determine a quality profile by appearance
• Tips for choosing a profile for a window

The ranking is based on statistics from the Yandex search engine. Analysis of user requests allows us to find out the popularity of plastic window profile brands among the Russian population. After analyzing the most popular user requests, we were able to identify the TOP 3 most popular among profile systems.

Rating of the TOP-3 most popular profile systems in Russia according to Yandex statistics: REHAU, VEKA, KBE.

The graph shows the dynamics of requests for queries:

• - "rehau plastic windows"
• - "plastic windows of the century"
• - "plastic windows kbe"

According to statistics for 2017-2018-2019 in Russia, the leaders in demand among Internet users are:

1. The greatest demand is for plastic windows made of PVC profile Rehau. On average 5627 hits per month for 2019.
2. The second most popular are plastic windows of the Century (VEKA). On average 2510 hits per month for 2019.
3. In third place are KBE windows. On average 755 hits per month for 2019.

Which profile for windows is better according to GOST

GOST is an interstate standard, the requirements of which must be observed in the countries: Russian Federation, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

The criterion for the quality of plastic profiles for windows in Russia is GOST 30673-99 “Polyvinyl chloride profiles for window and door units. Technical conditions".

Criteria and profile class according to GOST 30673:

Outer face wall thickness	Class A - 3 mm +0.1mm -0.3mm Class B - 2.5 mm +0.1mm -0.3mm Class C - not standardized
Reduced heat transfer resistance	Class 1 - St. 0.80 m 2 °C/W; Class 2 - 0.70-0.79 m 2 °C/W; Class 3 - 0.60-0.69 m 2 °C/W; Class 4 - 0.50-0.59 m 2 °C/W; Class 5 - 0.40-0.49 m 2 °C/W;
In addition, the properties of the profiles must satisfy a list of requirements that determine the possibility of using a window profile for window production: Tensile strength, Tensile elasticity Impact strength Softening point Change in linear dimensions after thermal exposure Heat resistance Fragility (impact resistance at subzero temperatures) Color change after irradiation Change in impact strength after irradiation The tensile strength of welded joints must be at least 70% of the strength of entire profiles (welding strength coefficient - 0.7) Durability of at least 40 conventional years of operation (amendment in 2002, previously - at least 20 years) Resistance to mildly aggressive acid, alkali and salt influences Profiles during operation and storage should not have a harmful effect on the human body

Thus, the best profiles, according to GOST 30673, are:

PVC window profiles of any brand with an external front wall thickness of 2.7 mm and a heat transfer resistance of over 0.8 m 2 °C/W

They must meet other quality criteria according to GOST.

Quality of PVC window profile according to European standard

To determine the best profiles in Europe, the European standard EN 12608:2003 is used.

The European standard EN 12608:2003 "Profiles of polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) without plasticizer for the manufacture of window frames and doors. Classification, technical requirements and test methods" also has the status of a German DIN standard. The requirements of the standard are applicable for the countries: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovakia, Spain, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the United States Kingdoms of Great Britain.

The European standard EN 12608:2003 has much in common with the Russian GOST 30673, since the domestic standard is an edited version of the European one.

A distinctive feature of the European standard is the division of the profile class into two different climatic zones “M” (moderate climate zone) and “S” (hot climate zone).

Profiles designed for use in hot climates (S) can also be used in temperate climates (M). In countries where both climate zones exist, profiles designed to operate in the temperate climate zone (M) should not be used in the hot climate zone (S).

The classification of the main profiles according to their impact resistance, determined using a falling impactor at a temperature of -10 ° C, is also associated with significant differences in climate. There are profiles of 1st and 2nd classes.

EN 12608: PVC window profile class based on the thickness of the external front walls

• Class A - greater than or equal to 2.8 mm
• Class B - greater than or equal to 2.5 mm
• Class C - not standardized

It can be assumed that the thickness of the outer wall of the PVC profile is 3 mm, perhaps the most important characteristic of a PVC window, although the European standard says that this should not be understood that way.

How to determine a high-quality PVC profile by appearance

In a finished window, only the appearance of the profile remains the only method for determining its quality. Conducting an examination, disassembling and sawing a PVC window frame to check its class is a rare necessity. It is much easier to find out the quality during inspection.

So how can you determine quality by eye?

Manufacturer's marking

The film is marked with a PVC profile mark by the manufacturer. The protective film covers the main surface of the PVC profile at the stages: from manufacturing to installation in the opening. To avoid damage, the film must be removed immediately after installation. Under the influence of sunlight, the adhesive layer of the protective film will be absorbed into the deep layers of the profile and ruin it. The brand is also indicated on the profile itself in the form of laser-etched numbers and letters.

Uniformity and smoothness of the PVC profile under the film

A homogeneous, even, monochromatic and smooth surface is a criterion for the quality of a window and profile. The presence of inhomogeneities, deformations or other flaws noticeable to the eye on straight and even sections of the profile may indicate poor quality.

Window frame seal - shape, type, color

The seal is one of the most important elements of the profile. A poor-quality seal will not protect against moisture and drafts. Pay attention to its elasticity and absence of damage. The presence of a third sealing circuit does not significantly affect frost protection, but protects the fittings from an aggressive external environment. Color does not affect quality. White, black, gray and caramel colored seals will protect the window equally well. Seals made from EPDM rubber have a more elastic feel and are inserted with separate cords (unlike co-extruded TEP seals).

Frame box width
The thicker the window frame, the higher the thermal insulation properties it will have. The number of cavities in the PVC profile - chambers - also affects the characteristics. More cameras - a warmer profile. However, you won’t be able to see the profile cameras externally. The 70 mm profile can have 3, 4 or 5 chambers.

Cameras in a profile are counted not by the total number of cavities separated by partitions, but by the number of cameras on the way from the outer wall (street) to the inner (room).

Sales volume of plastic windows by PVC profile brand

Among the plastic profiles for windows there are our own Mercedes and our own Ladas. There are budget profile options and exclusive, luxury PVC profile lines. At the same time, most often expensive and cheap profiles are sold under the same brand.

The profiles of the German brands REHAU, VEKA, KBE, Deceuninck are in greatest demand. However, this does not mean the poor quality of domestic profile systems or other PVC profiles, which are present in great abundance on the market.

Profine is the company that owns the KBE brand, along with TROCAL and Kommerling.

In Germany, plastic windows first appeared in the mid-20th century. The popularity of plastic windows in Germany and the growing interest in them in other countries contributed to the opening of production plants of German companies, including in Russia.

Three of the most popular manufacturers of PVC profiles have subsidiaries in the Russian Federation: Rehau, Veka, Profine (owns the brands KBE, Trokal, Kemerling). The dominance of German companies in the production and sales of PVC window profiles is a merit of effective development and its expansion.

Relying on the popularity of the brand, however, you can end up in a situation where preference is given to a product of lower quality - since profiles of different classes are produced under the same brand.

1 . To choose the best PVC profile for a window, compare profiles of the same weight category.

Traditionally, profiles are divided into three main groups:

There are also special profile systems that cannot be directly compared by this gradation. For example, there are three-chamber PVC profiles with an installation depth of 70 mm, or 100 mm (or more) systems with 4 chambers.

2. It is correct to compare PVC profiles according to physical and technical parameters in the certificate of conformity.

To be used on the territory of the state, PVC profiles are required to undergo a certification system and receive their quality class based on test results. Detailed results appear in the appendix to the certificate of conformity for a specific system (PVC profile of a specific model).

3. It is correct to compare not only the PVC profile itself, but also to know the manufacturer: what materials are used in the window in addition to the PVC profile.

The best windows are produced by an experienced manufacturer who uses high-quality and proven components.

Often, even the best profile can be spoiled by unreliable thin-walled reinforcement, poor-quality welding, or a poorly assembled structure at the factory.

Pay attention to fittings, double-glazed windows and other structural elements.

4. Trust installation to professionals. The quality of installation ultimately determines how long and how well the window will work.

It is better to entrust the installation to an experienced team of installers or a specific specialist.

It is not worth paying for a quality product if the installation is carried out by unskilled workers. The installation scheme itself and the stages of its implementation are also described by regulatory documents. For example, the installation of windows according to GOST and the installation of plastic windows in a wooden house differ in stages and preparation.

Currently, the market for windows made on a PVC basis offers a wide range of different products. In order to attract buyers, companies are developing new types of double-glazed windows, and also use various types of profiles from which plastic windows are made.

In this regard, the consumer has reasonable questions: which window profile to choose and what will serve as the criteria for its selection?

When choosing a profile used in the manufacture of plastic windows, you must be guided by the following criteria that determine the purpose of the window and its operating conditions:

1. The ability to provide the required level of heat and sound insulation of the room where it is planned to install a window of this design.
2. The quality of the material used.
3. Profile class.
4. Possibility of installing double-glazed windows of various designs.
5. Geometric dimensions of the profile (width and height).
6. Availability of reinforcement.
7. Possibility of installing additional elements.
8. Conditions of use and maintenance.
9. Manufacturer's brand and its reliability.
10. Price.

In practice, a PVC profile is used, which has a different number of chambers in its design, which ensure the ability of this structural element to retain heat indoors and maintain the required level of sound insulation.

Structurally, this is expressed in the division of the internal space into several air chambers through the installation of partitions. There can be from three to eight such chambers (air cavities), of which the most popular among household consumers are three and five chamber ones.

By class, PVC profiles are classified as:

• Class “A” – wall thickness from 3.0 mm.
• Class “B” – wall thickness from 2.5 to 3.0 mm.
• Class “C” - wall thickness is not standardized.

Window profile materials

In the manufacture of windows, various types of profiles can be used, both in terms of its design and the material from which it is made.

It could be:

• Tree.

This is a natural and environmentally friendly material that has always been widely used in the manufacture of windows.

Currently, due to the advent of new technologies and the high cost of natural raw materials, it is used less widely.

Wood species such as teak, larch, oak, Canadian Hemlock and teak wood are used for the manufacture of windows for individual orders and in the construction of premium class housing.

Coniferous trees are used in the manufacture of cheaper structures, but, nevertheless, they are still more expensive than products made from various types of plastic and some types of composites.

• Aluminum.

Pure aluminum is not a very good material in terms of its use for the manufacture of window blocks. The reason for this is its high thermal conductivity and low elasticity.

In this regard, aluminum faucets are rarely used in their pure form for these structural elements, but in combination with polyvinyl chloride materials they are an excellent component of such products.

• Fiber composites.

Fiber composites are fiberglass made from a reinforced profile and a fiberglass composite.

This material has good thermal insulation properties and strength indicators that exceed those of wood and metal, respectively.

The disadvantage that determines its rather narrow distribution is that under the influence of the external environment (precipitation, sunlight, etc.), this material delaminates.

When using a composite made from carbon fiber, this disadvantage is absent, but in this case the product is very expensive.

• Metal-plastic.

The use of aluminum, which serves as a frame in the manufacture of window profiles and plastic, made it possible to create a wonderful tandem of materials, which made it possible to combine their advantages and create a durable product with good thermal insulation properties.

Metal-plastic profiles are currently widely used in the manufacture of window blocks of various designs.

Selection of accessories

The choice of fittings is an important point when manufacturing and equipping a window, no matter how strange it may seem at first glance. In order to make the right choice, you must:

• Familiarize yourself with the types and purposes of fittings.
• Choose the most reliable manufacturer that produces high-quality products (based on user reviews).
• Determine the needs of various types of fittings and their technical characteristics.
• Determine the relationship between price and service life of the products.

The configuration and type of fittings for each specific window is individual, which is determined by its design and the method of opening the sashes (right or left, sliding or hinged type, blind or tilt-and-turn design, etc.).

The standard package of a window made from PVC profile includes the following elements:

• Window hinges (bottom and top).
• Compensator.
• Protective mechanism (fuse) against slamming.
• Devices for lifting window sash.
• Retainers.
• Brackets.
• Tilt-and-turn mechanism.

In addition to the products listed above, the kit may include window sash rotation limiters, slot ventilators, mosquito nets and locks that ensure the window is closed from the inside.

In the manufacture of fittings, various metals and their alloys are used, which characterizes their strength and reliability. On the outside, the fittings are coated with anti-corrosion paints and varnishes.

The criteria for choosing accessories are:

• Wear resistance.
• Resistance to external influences.
• Availability of warranty period and certificate of conformity.
• Appearance (aesthetics) and ease of use.

Choosing a plastic window manufacturer

When the user is faced with a question related to the choice of plastic windows, in addition to the technical components that determine the characteristics of the window (the type of profile and the material from which it is made, the type of double-glazed window, the availability and quality of seals and fittings), an organizational component also appears - which manufacturer’s windows to choose.

A large number of large and small companies of various forms of ownership operate on the domestic market for such products. However, the main manufacturers of metal-plastic profiles are only a few companies, whose products have their own inherent advantages and disadvantages; below are the most popular of them.

KBE (Kunststoffproduktion für Bau und Elektrotechnik), Germany

The KBE company operates in different countries and on different continents. In Russia, this company has representative offices in many regions; the production of metal-plastic profiles is located in the Moscow region. The representative of the company in Russia is ZAO Profine RUS (Moscow).

The advantages of KVE products are:

• High rates of heat and sound insulation.
• Wide operating temperature range.
• The presence of a ventilation system that ensures that glass units do not fog up.

The disadvantages include:

• High price.
• White plastic may turn yellow when exposed to sunlight.

Rehau, Germany

The Rehau company operates in various industries and in different countries around the world. One of the areas of activity is the production of translucent structures, including metal-plastic profiles.

The company's central office for Eastern Europe is located in Moscow, and representative offices are in the cities of St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk and Simferopol.

The advantages of Rehau products are:

• Strength.
• Large range of different profile types.
• Good performance in terms of heat and sound insulation.
• Frost resistance of products.

• High price.
• Limited height of sashes on manufactured products.

"PROPLEX", Russia

"PROPLEX" is one of the first domestic enterprises that began working in the market of metal-plastic windows through the full cycle of their production.

The advantages of products manufactured at this enterprise are:

• Relatively low cost.
• Long service life.
• They are adapted to operating conditions in Russia.

The disadvantages are:

• There is no international quality certificate.

VEKA AG, Germany

In Russia, the German company is represented by its branch, the subsidiary VEKA Rus, whose head office and production are located in Moscow. In addition, the company has representative offices in a number of regions of our country.

The advantages of VEKA products are:

• Wide selection of models.
• High technical performance (heat and sound insulation).
• Durability.
• The use of special rubber-based seals that are not afraid of low ambient temperatures.

The main disadvantage is the high cost.

Montblanc, Russia

The Mont Blanc company has been successfully operating in the PVC products market since 2000. The head office is located in Moscow, and factories are in Elektrostal, Moscow region, and Krasnoyarsk.

The advantages of the products manufactured by this company are:

• Low cost.
• Adaptation of products to operating conditions in our country.
• Well executed design.
• Large selection of models.
• Strength and durability of products.

The disadvantages are:

• Lack of international quality certificate.
• Low quality of fittings used.
• Possibility of odor from the type of sealant used.

Which profiles are most often chosen?

The type of profile chosen depends on the purpose of the window and its operating conditions. In addition, another important factor influencing the choice is the service life and cost of the product.

When choosing, there are always personal preferences for a particular brand, as well as the presence of representative offices of the manufacturer in the region of residence of the potential buyer. In the regions of our country, the products of various companies are popular, which is characterized by the presence of a similar type of production and competition between manufacturers.

For installation in residential buildings, the greatest demand is for 3- and 5-chamber metal-plastic profiles with a width of 58.0 and 70.0 mm, respectively. For northern regions, 6 and 8 chamber profiles with a width of 90.0 mm are recommended.

It is not recommended to install in residential buildings plastic windows made from a profile intended for industrial buildings and facilities, for which there should be appropriate markings on its surface (OBJECT, object, engine, Tender, etc.).

In addition to the fact that when choosing a window you need to be careful and thoroughly familiarize yourself with the type and design of the profile, glass unit and fittings, you also need to take care of the high-quality installation of the purchased product. Incorrect installation can negate all the advantages of a window made from a metal-plastic profile.

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 25 minutes

PVC windows dominate the construction market. Why are they so good? What are the highest quality plastic windows? We will try to answer these, as well as many other questions, in detail.

Expert opinion

Anton Tsugunov

Hello, friends!

I’ll immediately explain that a window is not just a good profile or an expensive double-glazed window. A window is a complex technological product and its quality is influenced by many components. In the article we tried to reveal all aspects that affect the efficiency and reliability of the design.

I personally participated in the installation and operation more than 200 window units, so I tried to give your recommendations under each important point.

For convenience, use the table of contents, it is active! When you click, you will be taken to the desired section of this useful material.

Design

Metal-plastic (plastic) windows, despite their apparent external simplicity and unpretentiousness, consist of many parts, some of which are not visible upon superficial inspection. Each component has its own purpose, they are all a product of innovative production.

Main components of the structure:

• fastening strips - glazing beads.

The components also include:

• low tides;

In summer, windows are open for a long time to ventilate rooms. And to prevent insects from entering the house, they are equipped with removable mosquito nets.

PVC window systems are reliable, convenient, and quite inexpensive. Their advantages also include a high level of maintainability. If any window component fails, it can be easily ordered and replaced.

What plastic for windows can be: quality and properties

For the production of frames, two types of PVC are used: matte and glossy.

Samples of the first type are cheaper, but their surface is slightly rough, which can be felt with your hand. Such frames absorb dirt like sponges and gradually turn from white to gray with streaks. It will not be possible to clean them properly with standard detergents.

Samples of the second type are more expensive, they are also easy to identify by touch - the surface is smooth, as if polished. Such frames repel dirt and are easy to clean with conventional tools and products. In order not to run into low-quality goods, it is better to buy metal-plastic windows from well-known brands.

In addition to many advantages, polyvinyl chloride also has disadvantages that companies producing window units are forced to take into account.

Here are the main ones:

• Low level of strength. This is compensated by reinforcing steel inserts. The structure is also equipped with internal partitions of a certain thickness, which act as additional stiffeners.
• Low resistance to temperature changes, low resistance to ultraviolet rays. This can be eliminated by adding stabilizing as well as modifying particles to the polyvinyl chloride composition. In high-quality PVC they are not hazardous to health.

If a metal-plastic window is a source of an unpleasant pungent odor, then you should refrain from purchasing it. Most likely, an unscrupulous company saved on quality additives by replacing them with cadmium or lead.

• Significant level of linear expansion. The indicator is one to two millimeters per 1000 millimeters of profile length. This feature of the material is mitigated by reinforcement, precise calculation of fasteners, and compensating gaps are also provided in the design.

What does a PVC profile consist of?

The plastic frame is not uniform. In addition to the plastic base, it includes profile reinforcing elements and sealing gaskets.

Read more about how to choose a PVC profile in our separate section.

The window plastic base is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), two-thirds of this material consists of a type of chlorine that is not hazardous to health. This type of plastic does not emit a characteristic odor, does not collapse under the influence of low temperatures in winter (maximum - 25 degrees), retains its given shape in extremely hot weather in summer (up to + 65 degrees).

PVC structures have good waterproofing properties and a high level of moisture resistance. PVC window systems are suitable not only for the living room or bedroom, but also for rooms with high humidity levels (kitchen, bathroom).

Rubber gaskets ensure the tightness of the window system; they seal the contours of the frame and glass unit. This type of seal is specially designed: if it becomes unusable, it will not be possible to change it without special skill; you will have to call a specialist. The sealing of the sashes and seats of double-glazed windows is standard and can be easily replaced if necessary.

In order for the double-glazed windows to sit firmly in their seats, plastic fastening strips - glazing beads - are used.

Classes and installation width of the profile according to GOST

Historically, the installation width (the distance between two outer planes) of wooden window systems in multi-storey residential buildings in the countries of the former USSR ranged from 58 to 60 millimeters. These dimensions, according to calculations, correspond to the temperature specific climate of Eastern Europe. Most plastic windows that have replaced outdated wooden windows have a similar installation width. The indicated overall dimensions are sufficient for installing a three-chamber system, which is popular in our market.

If the apartment is located at the top of a high-rise building or the local climate is characterized by strong winds and low temperatures, then a four- or five-chamber model should be installed. This window has an installation width of 70 millimeters.

There is no direct relationship between the width of the frame and the number of cameras. For example, there are models with three chambers, with a mounting width of 90 millimeters. The thermal insulation parameters in such a window system are much better than those of multi-chamber analogues.

This is explained by the fact that the thermal insulation properties are improved not by the number of chambers, but by their dimensions and the volume of air mass contained in them.

The main characteristic of a PVC window profile is the thickness of the front walls and lintels of the internal part. Dimensions, types and other parameters of all components of window systems are regulated by the technical conditions of regulations. In the European Union these standards are EN 12608 SR. Companies in the territory of the former USSR are guided by the following standards:

The technical conditions of the regulations are almost identical; according to these documents, the profile is classified into three groups:

• A-class samples. The smallest value of the thickness of the front wall is 2.8 millimeters, the same indicator for the internal partition is 2.5.
• B-class samples. The minimum thickness of the front wall is 2.5 millimeters, the same indicator for the partition of the internal part is 2.
• Samples of the C-class. This group includes a profile whose parameters do not correspond to the first two classes; it is called object. Typically, the wall thickness of object samples is less than the similar parameters of A and B-class models.

The scope of application of A-class metal-plastic windows is heated residential premises; B-class - installation in unheated and heated buildings is possible; C-class - only in buildings without heating.

B-class windows are less durable in comparison with A-class analogues, their service life is shorter. C-class samples most often represent a monolithic system.

Number of air chambers

In metal-plastic windows, air chambers have a dual purpose.

• Firstly, they prevent heat exchange between air masses indoors and outdoors (thermal insulation function).
• Secondly, they strengthen the structure of the window frame, contributing to the tightness, strength and long service life of the window.

Temperatures in rooms and in the environment during the cold season vary significantly, which contributes to the formation of water droplets in the cavities of the window system. To remove moisture outside, special holes are provided (on the “street” surface of the profile). They do not affect the thermal insulation performance of the system. To prevent the channels from being noticeable, they are covered with special plugs.

Low-quality cheap PVC windows do not always have such technological holes (they are made at the factory, their presence should be checked).

The most popular are three- and five-chamber frames. If the apartment is located in the lower part of a multi-storey building, the window openings face south or west, there are no highways or any noisy objects under the windows, then it is enough to install a three-chamber sample (profile thickness 58 millimeters). The location of the apartment on a high floor, openings facing north or east, a highway near the house - this is a reason for installing a five-chamber window system (profile thickness 70 millimeters).

Several years ago, companies began to make samples in which the chambers were not air mass, but polystyrene foam. With such a filler, a smaller number of chambers in the profile contributes to a higher level of thermal insulation, which is indexed by a special coefficient.

The five-chamber sample corresponds to a thermal resistance coefficient value equal to 0.72 units, and the three-chamber sample – 0.64 units.

Reinforcement

To prevent the plastic base of the windows from deforming during operation, it is reinforced, that is, metal elements are inserted into the cavities around the perimeter of the frame. They are made from steel strip one and a half to two millimeters thick. The workpieces are usually coated with a layer of white zinc, this protects them from corrosion.

It comes with a cross-section in the shape of the letter “P” or in the shape of a square. The second type can withstand significant loads, so window systems with large dimensions are reinforced only with blanks with a square cross-section.

If the length of the frame is less than 80 centimeters, then according to the regulations, reinforcement is not required.

Profile Options

A metal-plastic window block is a complex system consisting of many components. Polyvinyl chloride profile is used not only for the production of frames, but also for other purposes, for example: when joining window systems at an angle, when fitting, and so on.

The main types of this profile:

• . This type is used for glazing complex structures, the components of which are located in different planes at an angle to each other. Typically, such work is carried out in winter gardens, greenhouses, loggias, and unconventional balconies.
• . The dimensions of the seat are not always standard and correspond to the installation dimensions of the window unit. In such circumstances, an additional profile is used for adjustment. Its standard width ranges from 20 to 100 millimeters.
• . This PVC element facilitates reliable installation of ebb and flow sills and protects the structure from damage during storage and transportation. Standard dimensions (in millimeters): depth - from 20 to 40, height - from 20 to 30, length - 6000. Depending on the climate, choose a profile with two or three chambers.
• . It is used when installing slopes and connecting them together. It is divided according to the shape of the section, which resembles the letters of the English alphabet (F, I, L, double L). This type of profile is connected with glue or hardware.
• Drain strip. A PVC part that protects the window from rainwater entering when the sash is folded back. Many companies neglect this useful component, although not all models can install it. A drainage strip is not installed on colored window blocks due to the risk of deformation at high temperatures.

Colored windows

Most people choose window systems made of white PVC, but there is also a demand for them, although such windows are noticeably more expensive. The properties of the colored profile differ from the white one.

For example: colored ones get hotter in the summer. Therefore, in order to avoid deformations, even small-sized parts should be reinforced.

In the production of colored PVC components, acrylic dyes, lamination, spraying, etc. are used. In elite models, multi-colored figured plates are used. The surface of the window itself can be not only flat, but also rounded, corrugated, etc.

How to choose a profile, quality certificates

The market for metal-plastic window systems is crowded with products from different companies. When buying a window, you always want to pay less, but still want the product to be of high quality. However, a good window from a famous brand cannot be cheap, and the high price is compensated by its long trouble-free operation. A window unit of dubious origin will quickly break, and you will have to spend money again on buying a new, higher-quality model.

What should you pay attention to when choosing? In order not to run into a fake and to be one hundred percent sure of the quality, you should purchase goods only from a well-known world brand with an impeccable reputation and a long history of work in the market. The profile must be pleasant to look at, smooth to the touch, without defects or noticeable unpleasant odors. The dimensions of the window system must correspond to the dimensions of the opening; it is necessary that the thermal and sound insulation parameters of the profile correspond to the specific location of the apartment and the climate.

Products must be accompanied by an international quality certificate ISO 9000 and ISO 9001.

• Strength must match DIN 53453 and ISO 179-61.
• Durability of plastic - to DIN 53387 standard.
• Profile hardness - DIN 53456.
• Resistance to high temperatures - DIN 53460 and ISO 306-68.

Most companies produce metal-plastic windows not only for apartments or houses, but also for technical non-residential premises. Such a profile is called an object profile; upon a quick inspection, it is almost indistinguishable from a normal one; there is no marking or there is an inscription “object”.

However, physical and mechanical characteristics of object samples are much worse, Low-grade PVC. To avoid becoming a victim of deception, you can only buy windows from large, well-known retail chains.

Double-glazed windows: design, planting depth, decorative elements

– one of the main components of the window unit, which makes up about 80% of its area. It is responsible for the light transmission of the window and its thermal insulation capabilities. The quality of installation of a glass block in a profile depends on the depth of the seat. In good models, the distance between the frontal plane of the profile section and the outer glass should not be less than 15 millimeters. The optimal value of this indicator for a window system seat depth of 50–70 millimeters is 18 millimeters. Insufficient planting depth of the glass block will lead to fogging or freezing of the windows.

The glass unit consists of sheet glass and chambers filled with an air-gas mixture. To protect the unit from the influence of the external environment, spacers are used. On the outside, viscous-flowing polymer-based compositions (sealants) are applied to them, which are applied in several layers along its perimeter. These polymer compositions also prevent the gas mixture in the cavity of the glass block from leaking. To prevent moisture from forming in the inside of the glass unit, a layer of granules is placed in the frame to absorb it.

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There are several types of distance frames:

• aluminum;
• steel;
• plastic.

The latter, in turn, are of different types:

• thermoplastic frames (TPS);
• Swingle Strip;
• Super Spacer.

Aluminum is considered the coldest, followed by steel, and plastic spacers are the warmest. For example, the Super Spacer product retains 80% more heat than its aluminum counterpart.

To improve the functionality of the double-glazed window, the air chambers of some models are equipped with decorative devices. Usually these are interlacing curtains, roller blinds, and blinds.

In this case, the smallest permissible thickness of the chamber should be 20 millimeters. The components are not serviceable due to the nature of the glass block design. They are controlled either manually using handles or by an electric (magnetic) drive.

Types of glass used

An ordinary buyer without special skill will not be able to determine the type of glass in the window system that he is going to buy. Visually, they are very similar, so we can only hope for the integrity of the manufacturing company, which declares this or that type of material in the accompanying documents.

We list their main types:

• Energy efficient. A thin layer of silver and titanium oxides is sprayed onto the surface of the glass, the particles of which can only be seen under a microscope. Silver plating reflects the flow of thermal energy. There are K and I models. It is the latter that are used more often, since their production is simpler and they have more positive properties. If energy-efficient I-glass is installed on the inside (facing the room) of the window unit, then it reflects heat from the room inside, and during the cold season the apartment will be noticeably warmer. If it is installed on the outside (facing the street), the heat from the sun’s rays does not penetrate inside, and in hot weather the room will be cooler.

The ideal solution: assemble a two-chamber thermal package from two i-glasses and one regular one in the middle.

You can check such glass by holding a flame from a candle or lighter. The reflection will be double, the second should be dimmer than the first.

• Multifunctional. During production, metal molecules are applied to their surface crosswise and in several layers. This allows infrared radiation to be reflected both externally and internally. Therefore, in winter it will be 80% warmer than with ordinary glass, and in summer there will be no greenhouse effect, and you can save energy on cooling the room. The disadvantage is lower light transmittance (by 20%).
• Sun protection. When apartment windows are exposed to direct sunlight in summer, the air in the room quickly heats up. You can prevent this by installing tinted double-glazed windows. A thin film is glued to the surface of the glass, which creates the declared effect by absorbing sunlight.
• Laminated (armored). Such models are made using the technology for manufacturing car windshields: a sample consists of several thin layers glued together. This manufacturing method provides high strength glass blocks that can withstand significant mechanical shocks. In the event of destruction, the canvas does not break up into many sharp parts, but is covered with a network of cracks. In addition, these models provide a high level of sound insulation.
• Hardened (stalinite). As a result of special heat treatment, stalinite receives a safety margin six to seven times greater than that of untreated glass. Able to withstand significant mechanical shocks; when destroyed, sharp parts are not formed.
• Reinforced. For reinforcement, metal or transparent plastic mesh is used. This glass has a high level of safety and strength. Improves anti-vandal and anti-burglary properties of windows.

• Self-cleaning. A layer of a special substance is sprayed onto the outer surface of the glass, which prevents dirt from accumulating. At the same time, the window block always maintains a high level of light transmittance.

Almost all types are made on the basis of float glass, which are cast sheets. They are cast at a temperature of 1000 degrees and have an almost perfectly smooth surface.

Dimensions of double-glazed windows

The widely popular window units use sheet glass of various types, the thickness of which ranges from 3 to 6 millimeters. It is irrational to use thicker ones in residential buildings. Sheets with a thickness of 8, 10, 12 millimeters are cast according to special orders and are used in buildings with non-traditional architectural solutions or at special-purpose facilities. About 90% of all double-glazed windows produced are 24, 26, 32 millimeters thick. With such standardization, it is easy to find a replacement for a broken block.

The physical properties of glass impose some restrictions on the dimensions and proportions of structures made from this material. The side length of the glass block should not be less than 300 millimeters, and the maximum possible proportions are five to one. For a double-glazed window with one chamber, where the glass thickness is 4 millimeters, the largest allowable area is 3 square meters. If the thickness is 5 millimeters, the permissible area is 4.2 square meters.

Depending on the location of the apartment, as well as local climatic conditions, the number of cameras in the glass block is selected. Almost always the choice is between one or two chambers; such samples fully satisfy all the requirements for thermal insulation.

There are window systems with three or four chambers in a glass block, but they are too heavy (some up to 100 kilograms). Significant weight makes operation difficult and quickly damages the fittings. If, when installing a single- or double-glazed window, there remains a need for additional thermal or sound insulation, then there are alternative methods for these purposes.

Sealing of double-glazed windows

In order for the air chamber of the glass block of the window to maintain high thermal insulation properties, and the glass to remain transparent, a two-layer seal is performed along its perimeter (edges). The first layer is a non-hardening, viscous, butyl-based composition that protects the chamber from contact with the external environment.

The sealant is not affected by thermal deformation; the spacer perforated frame slides over the glass without damaging it. The second (upper) layer is a hardening, viscous-flowing composition on a polymer base, which, due to its elastic properties, maintains the tightness of the glass unit during thermal deformations.

Filling the air chambers

The main requirements for a window system, in addition to light transmittance and the ability to ventilate rooms, are good thermal insulation and sound insulation. The level of these parameters largely depends on the contents of the glass block chamber. Initially, companies producing metal-plastic windows pumped dry air into the glass unit, the properties of which met the requirements for the level of thermal insulation and sound insulation. However, there are more efficient gas mixtures. We are talking about inert gases: krypton and argon. They are colorless, odorless, have low thermal conductivity, and a high ability to absorb sound waves.

If we compare the performance of the air mixture and the indicated inert gases, it turns out that the thermal conductivity of argon is lower by a third, and krypton – by two thirds. Many specialized brands are gradually abandoning pumping air into the chambers of the glass block and using more efficient inert gases.

Purpose of the spacer frame

In order not to reduce the level of all declared properties and characteristics, the design of a plastic window must maintain constant geometric parameters. A significant role in fulfilling this condition is played by the spacer between the sheets of glass, called the spacer frame. This part has a dual purpose:

• First: it guarantees the constancy of the thickness of the air chamber of the glass unit, that is, the gap between the glasses.
• Second: the spacer frame is filled with moisture-absorbing granules. To communicate between the moisture-absorbing layer and the gas filling of the chamber, the surface of the frame is perforated. This system prevents the glass from freezing or fogging up.

In most cases, the width of the spacer frame is from 10 to 16 millimeters, the maximum permissible dimensions are from 6 to 24 millimeters.

If the dimensions of the gasket described do not fit into the permitted range, then a noticeable increase in the thermal conductivity of the glass unit and disruption of the original shape of the glass is possible.

Typically, the gasket is made of metal: aluminum alloy, zinc-coated steel or high-alloy steel (stainless steel). Its thermal conductivity coefficient is lower than that of other metals used, but stainless steel frames are more expensive and heavier.

The disadvantage of metal gaskets is their higher thermal conductivity compared to the same gas parameter in the chamber of a glass block. This difference slightly reduces the thermal insulation efficiency of the window unit. Some companies, in order to mitigate the disadvantage, make spacer frames from polymer materials.

Performance characteristics of double-glazed windows

Metal-plastic windows differ in many ways from their archaic wooden counterparts; one of the main advantages is the versatility of the glass block and its complex design.

A double-glazed window is characterized by many parameters. The main ones:

• Thermal conductivity. 80% of the window system area is made up of glass block. Therefore, if you put a thin double-glazed window into a frame with even five or six cameras, the overall energy efficiency of the window system will be very low. In a high-quality design, the heat transfer resistance of all components should be equally high. To achieve maximum values ​​of this indicator for a glass block, there are three methods: increase the number of chambers, replace the air in them with a more efficient gas mixture, and also apply a special coating to the glass. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and a good sample should strike a balance between the different methods. For example: the more cameras, the higher the weight of the structure, which means its operation becomes more complicated, and the price increases significantly. A more effective and promising method of reducing the thermal conductivity of a window system is the injection of inert gases into the chamber, as well as a special glass coating (silver and titanium oxide). The combined use of such techniques increases the energy efficiency of the window by up to 70%.

• Sound insulation. To improve this parameter, three methods are usually used. First: pumping inert gas (argon, krypton) into the chamber, which increases sound insulation by 10%. Second: increasing the dimensions of the spacer frame; every two millimeters of the width of this spacer increases sound insulation by 10%. Third: installation of acoustic films on glass and installation of triplex on the outer contour of the double-glazed window.

• Safety. For all its advantages, glass has significant disadvantages - fragility, the appearance of fragments when it is destroyed. Three methods are also used to increase strength. First: the use of stalinite, its hardness is five to seven times higher than conventional samples. Heat treatment does not deteriorate other characteristics of the material, such as light transmittance, thermal conductivity, sound insulation level, etc. Second: the use of the triplex method, when the glass consists of several thin sheets glued together, alternating with a transparent polymer film. When destroyed, such a sample does not break up into fragments, since they are held in place by the film. Third: reinforcement; a mesh of polymer or metal is used as a reinforcing layer.

• Sun protection properties. To neutralize the unwanted effects of direct ultraviolet rays, you can use mirrored or tinted glass, which absorb and reflect about half of the solar radiation.

Signs of poor quality glass

Only a specialist can reliably determine the quality of a glass block of a window system. However, there are a number of signs indicating questionable quality of the product, which can be seen without special skills:

• Marking designation. It includes the company's trademark, release date, and information about components. If there is no marking, then this is grounds for suspicion of the dubious origin of the product.
• Integrity and transparency of the glass surface. During inspection, no chips, cracks, etc. should be found. Condensation cannot accumulate inside the bag.
• Quality of sealing: assumes that the spacer frame is free of traces and fragments of mastic, and the top polymer layer applied along the outer perimeter of the glass block is uniform, without bumps or cracks. If the sealing is carried out carelessly, it is better to refuse the purchase.
• Compliance with proportions and dimensions. You should use a tape measure to measure the glass diagonally, and if the lengths differ by 3 millimeters or more, then the geometry of the block is not consistent. Using a caliper, you can measure the thickness of the block at different points; the maximum permissible deviation is 1 millimeter.

Attentiveness and a couple of basic measuring tools will help determine how high-quality the window is. If any of the listed signs of dishonest work are detected, the product cannot be purchased, even if its price is low.

Number of seal circuits

One of the main advantages of metal-plastic window systems over traditional wooden ones is their tightness. To achieve it and maintain it throughout the entire period of operation, sealing contours are used that prevent cold air in winter and moisture in summer, and retain heat in the room. They also contribute to achieving a given level of sound insulation.

The seal is pressed into the grooves of the profile along the entire perimeter. There are models with two as well as three sealing circuits. The first option: one circuit is installed on the street side, the other in the apartment along the perimeter of the doors. Second option: to the two indicated, another row of the sealing element is added, the third contour is laid in the middle of the fold of the sashes. Models of the second option, of course, are more expensive.

Based on the location of the sealing contours, plastic windows are divided into three categories:

• One inside, one outside. This type is the most popular; most companies choose it. The internal element retains its declared properties longer, since it is not subject to the destructive effects of the environment. The outer element gradually loses its integrity and original properties, moisture penetrates inside the window block. However, due to the specific geometry of the window, water is drained through holes in the profile. Disadvantages: if the external seal loses its declared qualities, the thermal insulation properties of the entire system are significantly reduced. Due to moisture penetration, the fittings rust and fail.

• One inside, the second in the middle of the fold of the sashes. A more reliable option than the previous one. The outer element is located outside the area of ​​direct exposure to the environment, so it retains its properties longer. The specificity of its location protects the fittings from the ingress of water, which is drained through drainage systems. Another advantage of this option: the wind presses the outer element against the stop, increasing the tightness of the system.

• One inside, the second in the middle of the fold of the sashes, the third outside. The middle element forms a pair of air chambers, the first one collects and removes moisture, the other contains fittings that are not exposed to water.

Expert opinion

Anton Tsugunov

Construction expert. Entrepreneur. 15 years of experience. More than 100 completed objects.

Does it make sense to overpay for enhanced sealing of the window unit?
This option has a slight effect on the cost of the window. Thanks to the triple seal, the service life of the fittings is significantly extended, the thermal circuit retains its declared properties longer, and the level of thermal and sound insulation increases.

Types of sealant, requirements for it

Basic requirements for sealing material: strength, elasticity, preservation of the declared properties during thermal changes, safety for health, color fastness throughout the entire period of operation.

The most common types of seals are:

• . Advantages: change shape when compressed, suitable for automatic assembly of a window block, easy to weld, inexpensive, can be replaced by the user without special skills. Disadvantages: at extreme temperatures and constant exposure to the sun's rays they quickly deteriorate.

• . Advantages: wear resistance, not afraid of extreme temperatures and environmental influences. Disadvantages: high cost, not always available in retail.

• . Advantages: wear resistance, not afraid of extreme temperatures and environmental influences, cheaper than silicone sealant. Disadvantages: you need to call a specialist to replace it.

• . Advantages: the same as silicone or EPDM, plus low price and the ability to replace it yourself. Disadvantages: Extreme temperatures and constant exposure to the sun's rays degrade.

• . Advantages: quickly restore shape after compression, are not afraid of extreme temperatures, as well as environmental influences, high level of thermal and sound insulation, retain color throughout the entire period of operation. Disadvantages: if the integrity of the shell is damaged, they lose their properties, you need to call a specialist to replace them, high cost.

In order for the sealing material to last as long as possible, it should be cleaned and lubricated a couple of times a year (before summer and winter). To do this, you cannot use solvents; it is better to wash the seal with water and a neutral detergent. When it dries, lubricate it with glycerin or silicone oil.

Glazing beads: purpose, types

The function of glazing beads in metal-plastic windows is to secure the glass block in the frame. In addition, this detail contributes to a high level of sealing, as well as thermal and sound insulation of the entire window system. For its installation, a landing groove is provided in the profile. The bead is a long strip of polyvinyl chloride, equipped with a rubber seal. Over time it wears out and the beads have to be replaced. This process is simple and does not require special skills. In order not to disturb the style of the window unit, the new slats must match the frame in color.

The described components are classified according to the shape of the profile section: it can be square, round, or figured. For window systems with one camera, wide beads are used, with three - narrow, with four - reinforced. In stores you can find the described parts not only made of polyvinyl chloride, but also of glass composite, which are identical in properties to their PVC counterparts.

Accessories: characteristics, types, popular brands

Such important parameters of the window system as thermal and sound insulation and light transmittance depend on the frame and glass block. performs no less important functions; the comfort of using the entire system and service life depend on its quality. Fittings are not only a set of devices (hinges, latches, handles), but also a well-coordinated mechanism responsible for opening and closing the doors in all positions, air exchange, and sealing.

The fittings are installed around the entire perimeter of the frame. Its main types:

• Turning. Similar to the mechanism used in wooden window systems, the sashes rotate around axes in a vertical plane.
• Sliding. The frame moves in the plane of the opening. This mechanism is suitable for large-area window systems, for glazing balconies and loggias.
• Folding. Rotation of the valves is possible along horizontal axes, the rotation angle is 180 degrees. To comply with this parameter, a special limiter is installed. The transoms can be tilted down and up.
• Universal. The most complex sample: the doors rotate around axes in a vertical plane, and also recline along horizontal axes with the lower edge fixed. One of the options is selected by moving the handle to a specified position.

The permissible design load on the fitting mechanisms ranges from 50 to 135 kilograms. This is enough for window units installed in many apartments. Conventional, relatively inexpensive equipment, which is installed in most popular windows, should theoretically smoothly handle 10 thousand consecutive manipulations (closing, opening, ventilation mode, etc.). Expensive mechanisms produced by famous brands are designed for 50 thousand consecutive actions. All fittings must be made of alloy steel. The use of less durable metals is allowed only for components that do not experience stress. The use of plastic in the mechanism is unacceptable.

If these rules are not followed, then there is no doubt that such accessories are a low-quality fake.

The most famous specialized companies: Siegenia-Aubi, Maco, Winkhaus, Roto, GU (Gretsch-Unitas).

Accessories for fittings

The described mechanism consists of many devices and parts that provide ease of use of the window system, here are the main ones:

• . Installed along the inside of the frame perimeter, purpose: to ensure tight closure of the sash. The minimum quantity of these parts is four units. If there are fewer of them, the tightness will be broken and the thermal insulation properties of the window will decrease.

• Locking device. The device protects the mechanism from damage due to incorrect actions and contributes to a high level of safety in using the window unit. You can check its presence like this: move the open sash to the folding position with the handle, if the transom hangs only on the lower hinges, there is no locking device.

• . There are the following: hidden (opening angle 100 degrees), screw-in (mounted on threaded pins), overhead. Parts of the overhead type are collapsible, non-dismountable, tilt-and-turn, rotary, and with increased security (against burglary). In the fitting mechanism, hinges are conventionally divided into samples of the lower or upper group.

• . High-quality models are made of aluminum alloy or brass, covered with plastic on the outside. Cheap, made of plastic, they break quickly. There are increased security handles (anti-burglary), they are equipped with a locking device that prevents the door from opening from the outside. Based on their shape, they are divided into curly and flat. The highest quality products are from the Roto and Maco brands.

• . These units ensure displacement of the locking device in the corners, transferring the sash to a tilt-and-turn state, and consist of steel plates.

• . These fittings protect the window unit from unauthorized opening. The trunnions are installed together with the bars (reciprocal, locking), do not require adjustments (automatically adjusted depending on the rebate play), and ensure smooth operation of the locking device.

• . These elements must ensure all manipulations with the window (closing, opening, tilting). There are three types: main, intermediate, auxiliary. The auxiliary ones are located near the hinges and are responsible for the tight narthex of the frame. The main ones depend on the type of fitting mechanism. As a rule, auxiliary ones are various anti-burglary locks.

If, when using a window system, a backlash appears in the operation of the locking fittings or, conversely, the movement of the mechanism is difficult, it means that it needs adjustment. If you do not have special skills, it is better to call a specialist to make adjustments.

Slopes and ebbs

The installation of the window unit is completed. These are fragments of the opening framing the window along the perimeter from the street and apartment sides. Their decoration plays a rational and aesthetic role.

• Rational: the level of thermal insulation increases, as well as the service life of the entire system.
• Aesthetic: a window with trim on slopes looks beautiful.

There are several finishing options: plaster, plasterboard, plastic sandwich panels. Plastering slopes is used, as a rule, in public or industrial buildings. Advantages: wear resistance, versatility, simplicity of the process, low price. Main disadvantage: low level of thermal insulation.

Slopes made of plasterboard are in demand, which is laid on a layer of thermal insulation material, then the surface is primed, covered with a building compound, and painted. The advantages of this finish include a high level of thermal insulation and a long service life. Disadvantages: complex, time-consuming installation, can only be used from the side of the room.

The most rational option for treating slopes is to install plastic sandwich panels. This building material repels moisture, is impervious to steam, is characterized by a high level of thermal insulation, and does not develop fungus or mold. You can also add quick, simple installation, versatility, and a long service life to the advantages. There is only one drawback: the relatively high cost.

The joints of adjacent slopes should be sealed with liquid plastic, which is similar in composition to PVC, while the integrity and shape of the butt seams are not compromised throughout the entire period of operation. Silicone cannot be used for these purposes, since it will not protect the slopes from mold; after a few weeks, the integrity of the seams will be compromised, and everything will have to be redone.

The ebb is mounted in the lower part of the opening from the street side; it is a sheet with a curved edge, made of plastic or iron, of different dimensions. In addition to its decorative purpose, this finishing detail protects the wall, as well as the window, from the influence of the external environment, and drains melt or rain water.

In order for the ebb to perform the listed tasks, it is important to follow the installation rules:

• The sheet is installed at an angle towards the street.
• The ebb is inserted into the groove under the window and screwed to the stand profile, but not to the front part of the window!
• There should be no gaps between it and the wall.

Most often, the casting is made from thin (thickness from 0.5 to 1 millimeter) rolled steel. The workpiece is coated with layers of white zinc, polymer, and varnish, this contributes to a long period of operation. The dimensions of the workpiece depend on the window opening; the standard width (overhang) is 14, 18, 25, 45 centimeters.

To soundproof the ebb, its reverse (bottom) side is covered with a layer of material that absorbs vibrations. And the ebb itself is additionally glued to the mounting foam.

Additional features of PVC windows

The popularity of plastic window systems is explained not only by their characteristics and stylish appearance, but also by their versatility. The main functions have already been described in this article; we list some additional ones:

• Mosquito sections. It is a plastic frame with a polyester mesh of different capacity. Purpose: when the window sashes are open, prevent insects, fluff, and dust from entering the room. It is fixed in the frame on special mounting angles or pressed with metal brackets.

There are also magnetic, Velcro and roll nets. The latter are very comfortable, do not require removal, you just need to lift them up like roller blinds. The downside is the high price and difficulty in maintaining cleanliness. Frame mosquito nets can always be easily removed, washed and placed on the balcony or in the closet.

• For cat owners, there are samples with reinforced mesh that maintains integrity after contact with the animal’s claws.

• Ventilation valve. Mounted in the upper sector of the window profile, purpose: automatic air exchange that does not require opening the sashes. Advantages: the ability to adjust the air exchange rate, the device is easy to clean with a vacuum cleaner, there is no noise during operation, there is no need to connect it to an electric current network. There are models (recuperators) that, due to their design features, use the thermal energy of the exhaust air mass to heat the supply air mass.

• Devices for adjustable air exchange: comb, rotation limiter, lock for stepwise tilt of the sash. The restrictive comb is designed to fix the window sash, while ensuring ventilation of the room in the specified mode. The width of the gap between the sash and the frame ranges from 1 to 7 centimeters. The comb will not allow small children or pets to open the window wider, which is an additional safety measure.

• The rotation limiter secures the sash at a distance of 6 to 8 centimeters from the frame; this gap is enough for the influx of fresh air mass. The lock for stepwise tilt of the sash works in a similar way.

• Slit ventilation. An air exchange mode in which air flows from the street through a gap (4-5 millimeters wide) in the upper sector of the window. The gap is formed when the handle is turned 45 degrees upward.

• This function is also called “winter ventilation”, since it does not create drafts and significant heat loss.

• Child protection. Child locks do not allow the child to open the door wider. The most commonly used devices are those that block the rotation of transoms; The handles are removable and lockable with a key.

Companies producing plastic translucent systems are constantly improving their design, so the number of additional options will increase.

Window sills for metal-plastic windows

In addition to decorative ones, they have many practical purposes. For example: a shelf for pots with vegetation, a place for a child to play, a sitting area for a cat, an additional countertop in the kitchen for storing utensils or household appliances. Specialized companies produce samples from different materials, colors, and dimensions. Window sills made of PVC, chipboard or MDF, stone (natural, artificial), and wood are in demand.

• Stone ones are environmentally safe, durable, and can withstand heavy loads. Disadvantages include significant cost and weight.
• Wooden window sills, again, are environmentally safe, beautiful, and pleasant to the touch. However, they have many disadvantages: rapid wear, high cost (especially if made from valuable wood), and they are afraid of condensation.
• Options made from MDF or chipboard are not exposed to moisture, temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, and are cheap. Disadvantages: low level of strength, presence of different chemical compositions (glue, resin, etc.).
• PVC window sills have almost no drawbacks, except that we can mention that they are made from non-natural material. There are many advantages: they are not afraid of moisture, temperature changes, ultraviolet rays, cheap, durable, high level of thermal insulation, easy to clean. They withstand significant loads, the magnitude of which depends on the number of stiffeners.

– this is not the type of work that can be done without special skills, equipment and materials. For installation, you should hire specialists from a specialized company that has been working in this field for a long time. A competent master will observe all the nuances of the installation technology: a standard protrusion from 5 to 10 centimeters long, the angle of inclination of the window sill plane, etc. Such work requires skill in using certain building mixtures, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and hardware.

Options for window system models

The block can consist of one leaf or several. There are four standard models of metal-plastic windows from which blocks are formed:

• Deaf. There is no opening flap, simple design, the cheapest example. They are used in corridors of public buildings or in rooms where openings are located too high.
• Rotary. The opening sash rotates around its axis in a vertical plane. There are no restrictions on use; they can be used anywhere.
• Folding. The sash opens partially in the upper sector of the window and is located at an angle to the plane of the frame. They are installed in sanitary facilities, bathhouses, and entrances of apartment buildings.
• Tilt-and-turn. The most convenient model, the transom opens as in the rotary and tilting models, the option is selected by turning the handle. There are no restrictions on use; they can be used anywhere.

HELPFUL INFORMATION: What types of electrical outlets are there?

The number of opening options in the block, as well as their type, depend on the characteristics of the room; one system may include fixed, turning, and tilting windows.

Production

Some companies that produce translucent PVC structures own the full production cycle, while others assemble blocks from purchased components. The first group includes large companies that have been operating in the core market for a long time. Owning the full cycle, they control the quality of the product at all stages of its production. Large companies also invest significant money in innovative developments.

Using this business model, they produce the highest quality window systems in compliance with all norms and standards. The second category includes newcomers or companies that are initially focused only on assembly. Some try to reduce production costs as much as possible while purchasing low-quality components.

Companies producing translucent PVC structures are required to have certificates of conformity, such as RAL and DIN EN ISO 9001:2000.

Both the brands themselves and third-party companies install metal-plastic windows.

PVC profiles are made by extrusion; the raw materials include polyvinyl chloride granules, stabilizing and modifying elements, titanium oxide, dyes, etc. PVC granules are produced almost all over the world. PVC blanks are made using extruders. Before turning into a part for a metal-plastic window, they are processed on many machines. Equipment used: milling cutters, miter saws, drilling and reinforcing machines, clamps, welding machines, etc.

The impact of PVC windows on health and the environment

The development of global industry over the past 150 years has led to significant damage to the ecosystems of our planet. Therefore, safety for health and nature of any product produced by production methods is one of the most important parameters. Polyvinyl chloride is an unnatural material obtained by chemical synthesis. However, it is not dangerous to health, this is confirmed by many independent examinations conducted by research centers around the world. Of particular concern were some additives that provide PVC blanks with the declared qualities, but new technologies completely neutralize the possible harmful effects of these additives.

Environmentalists were also concerned about the presence of lead in the profile and the adhesive composition that was used to attach the laminating film. Older models used lead to prevent the blanks from losing their original color; moreover, these were passive lead compounds that do not pose a threat to the environment. New models no longer contain lead; it has been replaced with zinc and calcium compounds. They also use safe polyurethane adhesive.

The problem of plastic recycling is acute, but it mainly concerns plastic containers and packaging. There are two methods for recycling used PVC profiles.

• First: using it as an unconventional raw material for generating electrical energy (pyrolysis method). The specificity of the process eliminates toxic emissions into the surrounding ecosystem.
• Second: recycling the old profile into raw materials for the new one. Translucent PVC structures are designed to last for half a century, so gradually there will be more methods for their effective recycling.

Summarizing the above facts, we can conclude: metal-plastic windows are safe.

The quality and long period of uninterrupted operation of a window system depend on two components: the properties of the window itself and compliance with installation technology. The stores offer products from the EU, China, Turkey; the best plastic windows are made by well-known European companies, especially German ones. European analogues are more expensive than others, but not dramatically; such windows, if the operating rules are followed, will last 40-50 years.

Expert opinion

Anton Tsugunov

Construction expert. Entrepreneur. 15 years of experience. More than 100 completed objects.

Installation is an equally important component. According to statistics, 80% of problem situations when using PVC windows are a consequence of violations of installation technology. It is best to order the installation from a branch of a well-known European company that owns the full production cycle. Such a contractor always carries out the installation efficiently, draws up the relevant documents, and issues a warranty card for the use of the window.

If it is not possible to order installation services from a European manufacturer, then you should choose a third-party contractor with a good reputation. Information of this kind is available on the Internet, you can easily find out: how long this company has been operating, what are the customer reviews, what are the guarantees, etc. It is better not to contact a contractor who is little known or offers too low prices. Even if the installation is done by a reputable company, it is still worth monitoring the progress of the work.

Installers must use a special construction foam composition (for example, “Tytan”). To dry and protect the foam layer from ultraviolet radiation, a special sealing tape (PSUL) must be used. It is hidden from the sun's rays by external slopes or coverings.

Which windows are better to install in an apartment (by room)

Here are some more tips for installing different window systems in rooms of an apartment for various purposes (recommendations are calculated for the average European climate):

• For the living room, a four- or five-chamber profile with a glass block with one or two chambers is suitable. Filling the chambers with air will be enough; it is not necessary to overpay for models with inert gas. You can also refuse energy-efficient glass.
• The office has to be ventilated frequently, and sound insulation is also important for the workplace. Therefore, a profile with five chambers is suitable for it, a glass block with two or three. Due to frequent ventilation, a high-quality fitting mechanism is important.
• The children's room and bedroom should be warm; the same windows as in the office are suitable, but you can choose models with inert gas in the double-glazed window and energy-efficient glass.
• The kitchen does not require a high level of sound or thermal insulation, so a profile with three chambers is suitable for it, a glass block with one or two. Due to frequent ventilation, a high-quality fitting mechanism is necessary; you can also install a ventilation valve.

Features of winter installation, removal of construction waste

There is an opinion that replacing windows should only be done in spring or summer, but this is nothing more than a myth. Replacement is possible in winter, it just has a number of features, although there are still temperature restrictions.

• The minimum temperature at which such work is allowed is 15 degrees below zero. At lower values, the polyurethane foam loses its properties, the rubber sealing materials become tanned, making it impossible to adjust the sashes.
• The window unit cannot be installed “from wheels”; it should be brought into the apartment a day before installation, this will eliminate thermal deformation of the window components.
• When replacing, foam sealing compounds of a special frost-resistant type are used.
• Among the equipment there must be a “heat gun”, which is used to heat joints with foam on the outside, waterproofing tapes, as well as PSUL. To avoid cooling the room, you can use a heat shield during installation.

You cannot place old windows and bags of construction waste near trash cans in the yard; you can get a fine for this.

The waste along with the dismantled frames should be taken to the city waste disposal site. When concluding an agreement with a company, it is better to include this item in the mandatory list of works and pay for it. All major contractors provide similar services. An alternative option: call a small company specializing in transportation; they usually provide similar services.

Rating of plastic windows by quality in 2019

What plastic window systems are best to install? The answer to this question depends on taste, financial capabilities, and the specific location of the apartment or house.

Here are the most popular brands of high quality:

Editor's choice: VEKA, REHAU and KBE. These are the most common and time-tested profile manufacturers!

• VEKA (Germany). About half a century of work. Models: SOFTLINE, SWIGLINE, EUROLINE, ALPHLINE, SOFTLINE 82, PROLINE. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• REHAU (Germany). 70 years of work. Models: SIB-DESIGN, INTELIO, BLITZ, GENEO, BRILLANT-DESIGN, EURO-DESIGN. Advantages: high quality, large assortment. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• KBE (Germany). Almost 40 years of work. Models: KVE SELECT, KVE 88, KVE ENERGY, KVE EXPERT, KVE EXPERT PLUS. Advantages: high quality, large selection, relatively low price. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• SALAMANDER (Germany). 45 years of work. Models: Design 2D, Streamline, Design 3D. Advantages: high quality, original appearance. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 15,000 rubles.
• MONTBLANC (Germany). 13 years of work. Models: LOGIC, QUADRO 70, CITY 120, TERMO 60, ECO Advantages: high quality, low price. Disadvantages: products are not certified in the post-Soviet space. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• KALEVA (Russia). 20 years of work. Models: Kaleva Design, Kaleva Vita, Kaleva Standart, Kaleva Deco. Advantages: high quality, original appearance. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• PROPLEX (Russia). Almost 20 years of work. Models: PROPLEX-Premium, PROPLEX-Optima, PROPLEX-Lux, PROPLEX-Comfort. Advantages: low price. Disadvantages: some models are outdated. Price: about 8500 rubles.
• DECEUNINCK (Belgium). 20 years of work. Models: FORWARD, FAVORITE, EFORTE, FAVORITE SPACE. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: some models are outdated, high price. Price: about 10,500 rubles.
• TROCAL (Germany). 60 years of work. Models: InnoWave, InnoNova 70A5, Balance. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• ALUPLAST (Germany). 40 years of work. Models: IDEAL 2000, IDEAL 4000, IDEAL 7000, IDEAL Advantages: large selection, high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• SOK (Russia). Almost 15 years of work. Models: SOK-570, SOK-470. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: incomplete production cycle, small range, high price. Price: about 12,000 rubles.
• SCHUCO (Germany). 30 years of work. Models: Schuco AWS 65 BS, Schuco AWS 112 IC, Schuco AWS 90 SI. Advantages: high quality. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 10,000 rubles.
• LG Chem (South Korea). 35 years of work. Models: L 600, L 700. Advantages: high quality, stylish look. Disadvantages: high price. Price: about 15,000 rubles.
• WDS (Ukraine). 15 years of work. Models: WDS 8 Series, WDS 7 Series, WDS 400, WDS Advantages: good quality, adaptation to the post-Soviet market, low price. Disadvantages: some models have PVC that darkens over time. Price: about 7,000 rubles.
• PANORAMA (Russia). 15 years of work. Models: Standard, Standard Plus, Premium. Advantages: good quality, low price. Disadvantages: incomplete production cycle, small range. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• EXPROF (Russia). 17 years of work. Models: EXPROF AeroTherma, EXPROF Profecta, EXPROF Suprema, EXPROF Profecta Plus. Advantages: good quality, large selection, low price. Disadvantages: some models have PVC that darkens over time. Price: about 7500 rubles.
• GEALAN (Germany). About half a century of work. Models: Gealan S 9000, Gealan S 8000 IQ, Gealan S 3000, Gealan FUTURA. Advantages: high quality profiles and fittings, large assortment. Disadvantages: significant cost. Price: about 12,000 rubles.
• BRUSBOX (Russia). 15 years of work. Models: BRUSBOX Aero, BRUSBOX Super Aero. Advantages: good quality, low price. Disadvantages: small range. Price: about 8,000 rubles.
• WINTECH (Türkiye). 20 years of work. Models: Thermotech 752, PoletechW80, Isotech 532. Advantages: good quality. Disadvantages: high cost. Price: about 10,000 rubles.

Prices are indicated for window systems with three sashes; prices may vary between different retailers.

Which profile for plastic windows did you choose?

Reading time: 7 minutes.

The profile is the basis for the manufacture of window frames and sashes. The appearance, durability and reliability of the entire window structure depend on its quality.

Classification by materials

Wood, aluminum, and PVC are used to produce modern window blocks. Each type of material has its own advantages and disadvantages, features and limitations in use.

Tree

The best and most expensive types of wood for the production of window profiles are oak and larch; alder and pine are also used. The high cost of wooden structures is associated not only with the use of natural wood, but also with the peculiarities of the technological process. The material for window profiles needs careful processing (drying, impregnation with antiseptics, painting, varnishing), and in the manufacture of the product, high precision and skill play a key role.

Advantages of wooden windows:

• environmental friendliness;
• good heat-shielding properties;
• maintaining natural air exchange between indoors and outdoors;
• aesthetic natural appearance.

Flaws:

• the possibility of warping and swelling if the production and installation technology is violated;
• low fire resistance;
• high price.

Aluminum

Since metal is not capable of retaining heat, aluminum profiles are mainly used for utility rooms when there is no possibility or need to install warm glazing.

Exist . A special thermal liner is placed in the profile, which provides high thermal insulation properties of such window structures.

The advantages of aluminum profiles include:

• strength and durability;
• ease;
• resistance to external influences;
• fire resistance.

Minuses:

• low heat-protective properties of the “cold” profile;
• high price of the “warm” option.

Polyvinyl chloride

Reinforcing U-shaped profile for structural rigidity

PVC profiles have become the most widespread for the production of modern windows, due to their low cost compared to wood and aluminum and excellent thermal insulation and performance properties. The main competitive advantages of PVC:

• high level of thermal insulation;
• ease of manufacturing and installation of finished products;
• high resistance to the influence of precipitation and chemical reagents;
• the ability to produce products of various designs and shapes;
• affordable price.

Main disadvantage– flammability, like all plastics. All other user complaints in most cases are related to the choice of low-quality products or installation errors.

Characteristics of PVC profile

The lion's share of all installed window units is made up of plastic products. The market offers windows from the profiles of dozens of manufacturers, which at first glance look the same. Often, a low level of quality manifests itself only after some time of operation, when it becomes obvious that the profile cannot cope with its functions and does not provide the proper level of thermal protection. When choosing a product, it is useful to know the main significant characteristics of a PVC window profile.

Wall thickness

According to this indicator, 3 product groups are distinguished:

• Class A. This includes products that have an outer wall thickness of 2.8 mm and an inner wall thickness of 2.5 mm. Such indicators are considered optimal for ensuring the best thermal insulation of a living space.
• Class B. Products with an outer wall thickness of 2.5 mm and an inner wall thickness of 2.0 mm. Such products provide less reliable protection against heat loss and are more susceptible to deformation during operation. The main purpose is installation in shops and public institutions.
• Class C. Products with thinner walls than in previous classes. Windows made from it are intended for glazing non-residential, warehouse, and industrial premises.

Read also: What you need to know before choosing windows for your apartment!

Profile width

The indicator determines which double-glazed window can be mounted in a given profile. A double-glazed window consists of several glasses connected by a frame around the perimeter. The spaces formed between the glasses are filled with ordinary air or inert gases (in premium segment products) to improve thermal insulation performance.

A single-chamber package consists of two glasses and one air chamber between them. A two-chamber glass consists of 3 glasses, between which there are, respectively, 2 chambers, etc. The greater the number of glasses, the warmer the finished product.

Also, the width of the profile determines the installation dimensions for installing the window. As the width increases, the overall weight of the structure increases - this must be taken into account, for example, when glazing a balcony with weak base slabs.

Typically the standard value is 58-80 mm, some brands offer products up to 120 mm wide to produce products designed for use in harsh climates and with improved sound and heat insulation characteristics.

Number of profile cameras

Not to be confused with the air chambers of a double-glazed window!

The plastic profile is hollow inside and separated by partitions. The thermal insulation properties of PVC profiles are due to the presence of hollow chambers between the lintels - the more of them, the lower the thermal conductivity of the window frame and sash.

Each cavity performs a specific function (moisture removal, fastening of fittings, ensuring strength), and their number (usually 3-8) and location are determined by technological calculations. The most in demand are 3-5-chamber types of plastic profiles.

Metal reinforcement

The plastic profile is additionally reinforced with a metal frame to impart rigidity to the structure. This significantly reduces the likelihood of deformation and sagging of the window sash due to many opening-closing cycles, temperature changes and other influences during use.

The shape of the frame depends on the size of the window:

• L-shaped– reinforcement is laid along 2 walls; sufficient for small windows;
• U-shaped– strengthening of 3 walls of the profile; suitable for window sizes up to 1.9 m in height;
• closed– the reinforcement is located along 4 planes and ensures the greatest rigidity of the product; For glazing large areas of loggias and panoramic balconies, it is recommended to choose this type of profile.

What to look for when choosing

It is difficult for the buyer to determine the quality of the profile on exhibition samples. In most cases, you have to rely on the integrity of the seller and the manufacturer of window structures. There are some features that will help you avoid buying a low-quality product: