Natural anomaly created a new Mars on Earth: video. Can we make Mars habitable? Mars creating a new earth

For many years, Mars has existed as a kind of "Planet B" - a fallback if the Earth becomes no longer habitable. From fantasy stories to scientific research, people have long dreamed of being able to live on Mars. A core element of many Mars colonization concepts is terraforming, the hypothetical process of changing conditions on a planet to make it habitable for the life that exists on Earth, including humans, without the need for life support systems.

Unfortunately, according to a new paper, terraforming Mars is simply not possible with existing technology. According to its authors, Bruce Jakoski, planetary scientist and principal investigator for NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN missions studying the atmosphere of Mars, and Christopher Edwards, associate professor of planetary sciences at Northern Arizona University, it is simply not possible to terraform the Red Planet with current technology.

In order to successfully turn Mars into Earth, we need to raise the temperature so that we have stable liquid water and a dense atmosphere. In the paper, Jakosky and Edwards explained that by using the greenhouse gases already present on Mars, we could theoretically raise the temperature and change the atmosphere enough to make the Red Planet Earth-like. They noted that the only greenhouse gas on Mars sufficient to cause significant warming is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Unfortunately, they found that there wasn't enough of it on the planet to make it look like Earth.

On Mars, CO 2 is present in rocks and polar ice caps. Jakoski and Edwards have used data from various rovers and spacecraft that have been observing and studying Mars over the past 20 years to essentially "inventory" the planet's CO 2 .

What would terraforming Mars look like?

They documented all the surface and underground reservoirs of carbon dioxide on Mars, and what percentage of the existing volumes can be put into the atmosphere to change it. However, although there is a significant amount of CO 2 on Mars, using all the available gas will only triple the atmospheric pressure. To successfully terraform Mars, the atmosphere must be dense enough to allow people to walk without space suits. Alas, although the tripling of atmospheric pressure on the Red Planet seems to be a significant figure, it is still 50 times less than what is needed for a comfortable existence of people on it.

In addition, the amount of available CO 2 detected by the researchers would raise the planet's temperature by less than 10 degrees Celsius. And since the average is minus 60 degrees Celsius, and winter temperatures drop so low that carbon dioxide from the atmosphere condenses into ice on the surface, such an increase in temperature does not play any significant role.

Moreover, even if there were more CO 2 on Mars, most of it would be difficult to access, and, according to the authors of the article, it would take a lot of effort to release it into the planet's atmosphere. For example, carbon dioxide can be extracted from the polar ice caps by blowing them up with explosives, a decision favored by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, or explosives can be used to increase the amount of dust in the atmosphere so that it settles on the polar ice caps and increases the amount of solar energy. which they absorb, again melting them and releasing CO 2 into the atmosphere.

There are a number of proposed and theorized methods to allow humans to access and release CO2 into the Martian atmosphere. But many of them would be very difficult to implement, and, as Jakosky and Edwards found out, there are still not enough CO 2 reserves available to terraform the planet. Both Jakosky and Edwards have said that perhaps future technologies will find an alternative solution and make terraforming the Red Planet possible. However, "with current technology, we just don't see viable options," says Edwards.

An artist's depiction of "spring" on Mars when, due to heating, frozen CO 2 begins to turn into gas and escape from the rock into the atmosphere.

Mars has been the "obvious" choice for terraforming for years. This is due to a number of reasons, including the fact that Mars is (relatively) close to Earth - it is "the most easily accessible planet, and the only one on the surface of which Earth spacecraft can land and function properly for a long time," Jakoski says. The allure of a terraformed Mars is perhaps “part of the mythology. A lot of science fiction has been written about Mars,” adds Edwards.

However, while future technologies may allow humanity to reshape Mars in a way that is not possible today, instead of focusing our energies on making Mars into Earth 2.0, “I think our efforts would be better spent on ensuring that the Earth maintains its auspicious climate for us,” Jakoski says.

Earth and Mars have a lot in common. Both planes share a similar landscape, but Mars lacks the water, oxygen, and atmospheric pressure needed to sustain life on Earth. Compared to our planet, Mars has a smaller size and mass - it is 53 percent smaller than the Earth and twice the size of our Moon.

Despite the fact that Mars looks like a lifeless desert, its "Earth-like" features and characteristics make it similar to our Earth much more than it might seem at first glance. Thanks to these similarities, many scientists believe that one day we will be able to colonize the Red Planet, making it our second home.

Like Earth, Mars has four seasons. But unlike Earth, where each season is conditionally divided into three months, the duration of each season on Mars depends on the hemisphere of the planet.
The Martian year lasts 668.59 sols (sols are called Martian days), which is approximately equal to 687 Earth days and almost twice as long as the Earth year. In the northern hemisphere of the Red Planet, spring lasts seven Earth months, summer - six, autumn - 5.3 Earth months, and winter lasts a little more than four.

The Martian summer in the northern hemisphere is very cold. Very often the temperature here at this time of the year does not rise above -20 degrees Celsius. The southern hemisphere of Mars is slightly warmer - the temperature there can rise to +30 degrees Celsius in the same season. Such a temperature contrast often causes the strongest dust storms.

Mars has auroras

Fantastically beautiful, colorful auroras are not an exclusive terrestrial feature of our atmosphere. Auroras can appear on any planet if the right conditions favor it. Mars is also no exception. While we can see the auroras perfectly on Earth, we can't see them on Mars. The fact is that the Martian auroras glow in the ultraviolet wavelength range, invisible to the human eye.

Scientists can observe the Martian auroras, for example, thanks to a special instrument on board the MAVEN (Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) space probe. Unlike Earth, Martian auroras are very rare and short-lived, lasting only a few seconds.

On Earth, auroras arise from the interaction of the upper atmosphere with charged particles of the solar wind. There is no global magnetic field on Mars, but scientists have observed residual magnetization of the crust, especially in the highlands of the southern hemisphere. Such weak magnetic fields can cause the aurora. The glow in the atmosphere arises due to the fact that the "incoming" electrons of the solar wind are accelerated along the lines of the magnetic field, interact with molecules of carbon dioxide, which is the basis of the thin atmosphere of the planet.

Scientists suggest that on Venus and Titan (one of Saturn's moons) there are auroras similar to Martian ones, since both bodies do not have their own magnetic field.

Martian days are not much longer than Earth's

The length of a day tells how long it takes the planet to make a complete revolution around its axis. On planets that take longer to complete a full rotation, the days are longer. The length of the day on each planet of the solar system is different, since everyone needs their own time to complete a full revolution.

On Earth, a day lasts 24 hours (rounded up). On Jupiter - 9 hours 55 minutes. On Venus - 116 days and 18 hours. A Martian day is 24 hours and 40 minutes long. Given such a large variation in the duration of the day between other planets, how is it that the duration of the Earth and Martian days is separated by only 40 minutes? Pure coincidence, scientists say.

According to the generally accepted model of planet formation, they are formed from large clumps in the gas and dust disk left after the formation of a star. As a result of collision with other objects inside the gas and dust disk, these clumps begin to rotate. At the same time, the speed of their rotation can vary and change many times. Eventually, when the formation of the planet is nearly complete, the object doesn't collide with anything else. The resulting planet retains the moment of rotation that arose as a result of the last collision.

There is water on Mars

In 2008, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft detected signs of liquid water flows. This discovery meant that the water on the Red Plane becomes liquid in the summer season and freezes in the winter. As mentioned above, the Martian summer is much colder than the Earth. However, paths along which water could flow were found in a place where the temperature does not rise above -23 degrees Celsius. And if the presence of water ice here could still be explained, then scientists still find it difficult to explain the presence of liquid water at sub-zero temperatures.

According to one of the assumptions, the water here does not freeze due to the high salt content (salt water has a lower freezing point). According to another hypothesis, liquid water could form on the surface due to the contact of salt and ice (the salt melted the ice). In any case, scientists plan to get a more convincing explanation for what they saw after determining the source of this water. At the moment, several assumptions are being put forward: the result of ice melting, an underground source, as well as water vapor from the atmosphere.

Ice caps at the poles and ice belts

Just like on Earth, the north and south poles of Mars are covered in ice caps. However, there are also ice belts in the northern and southern hemispheres of the Red Planet in the central latitudes. Previously, we did not notice them, because they were hidden by a thick layer of dust.

By the way, according to scientists, the dust just protects these belts from evaporation. Mars has very low atmospheric pressure, which leads to the instantaneous evaporation of water and ice from the surface. Ice sublimes immediately into vapor rather than first becoming water and then evaporating. Scientists estimate that Mars may contain more than 150 billion cubic meters of ice, which will be enough to cover the entire surface of the planet with a layer of ice 1 meter thick.

Mars has its own "waterfalls"

By examining images taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), scientists have discovered the presence of a geological "Martian wonder of the world" similar to our terrestrial waterfalls. True, in the case of Mars, we are not talking about sheer flows of large volumes of water, but about flows of molten lava.

The researchers found that the lava erupted at four different points along the 30-kilometer crater Tarsis, located in the Mars region, which is a huge volcanic highland west of the Mariner valleys near the equator. Judging by the photographs, according to experts, we can say that the lava on Mars was liquid and in its behavior was similar to water: after the lava filled the crater, it poured out onto the surface in four streams. Lava flows could not cover the old deposits at the same level with the crater, as evidenced by the different color shades in the photo. The freshest deposits are dark in color, while the oldest deposits are light.

Mars is the only (other than Earth) potentially habitable planet

The planets of our solar system are usually divided into two categories - terrestrial planets, as well as gas giants. Earth-like planets have a solid surface. We can land on them. These include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars (sorry, Pluto). The gas giants are actually composed of gases. They are impossible to land on because they do not have a solid surface. The gas giants include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

As far as we know, among all the known planets of the solar system, only Earth has life. Mars is not enough for this quite a bit. The environments of the rest of the planets will simply kill us. For example, the surface of Mercury is like a giant brazier because the planet is very close to the Sun. Despite its more distant location, the surface of Venus (the second planet from the Sun) is even hotter. This is explained by the presence of a very dense atmosphere of carbon monoxide, which acts as a heat trap.

Theoretically, Mars is capable of supporting life, although this planet is not as hospitable as the subtitle might suggest. To survive on Mars, we will need the use of special protective equipment and housing, since there is an increased radiation background on the planet, and there is also no atmosphere for breathing.

Scientists considering plans to potentially colonize Mars have proposed the idea of ​​installing a magnetic field generator between Mars and the Sun. The presence of a magnetic field could protect Mars from the solar wind (radiation) that depletes the planet's atmosphere.

If we solve the solar wind problem, we can raise atmospheric pressure on Mars, which in turn will lead to an increase in the average temperature on the surface of the planet and melt the ice caps at the poles. The release of CO2 into the atmosphere will trigger the greenhouse effect. Rivers of water will flow again on Mars, and the planet itself will turn into a good space resort. Dreams Dreams. Let's start with the fact that we do not have the technology that would allow us to create a magnetic field around the entire planet. On this, perhaps, for now, and finish.

Some features of the landscape of Mars could be formed similarly to the earth

Despite the rarity of the phenomenon, completely new land areas continue to appear on Earth. After the eruption of underwater volcanoes, small islands appear. Over the past 150 years, history has witnessed at least three such events. The last one happened very recently. In 2015, as a result of a volcanic eruption in the Pacific Ocean, the island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haapai appeared.

The event, of course, attracted the attention of scientists from NASA. At first, scientists feared that the island might crumble, but now they say that Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haapai could last at least 30 years.

NASA's interest in the island is because it provides a picture of how water may have shaped the landscape of ancient Mars. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haapai that appeared was initially unstable and constantly lost its parts, which fell back into the ocean. The destruction of the island stopped as soon as its base (volcanic ash) reacted with salt water and hardened.
According to scientists from NASA, some landscape features of Mars could have appeared in a similar way.

Mars is able to support life

No life has yet been found on Mars, but scientists are firmly convinced that the Red Planet is capable of supporting and once supported the existence of life. Curiosity, one of the rovers that surf the surface of Mars, has found traces of organic molecules in the rock of Gale Crater, which was a lake about 3.5 billion years ago.

Life requires a combination of four organic molecules: proteins, nucleic acids, fats, and carbohydrates. Without these components, the organism will not be able to exist as a living organism. The presence of these molecules on Mars would mean that there is life there. But not everything is so simple. The fact is that these molecules can be produced by some types of non-living substances, which makes such a conclusion inconclusive. Therefore, scientists have another indicator that could indicate the presence of life on Mars - methane.

Living things produce methane. In fact, the bulk of this substance on Earth is produced by living beings. Methane has also been found in the atmosphere of Mars. There he lingers for only a hundred years, after which he disappears, and then reappears. That is, it turns out that there is a certain source of methane on the planet, replenishing its concentration in the atmosphere. What kind of source this is is still unknown to scientists, but they continue to actively discuss this topic. Some say that methane is the result of some chemical reactions taking place on the planet, others are sure that methane is produced by microbes. Moreover, scientists have even detected methane emissions, finding out that they occur seasonally. As it turned out, most often they occur in the summer and stop in the winter. On Earth, this feature is not observed.

Plants can grow on Mars (in theory)

Scientists from NASA are confident that agriculture will be possible on Mars in the future. We will be able to grow vegetables and fruits, trees and much more there. In an experiment conducted in collaboration with the International Potato Center in Peru, NASA scientists were able to grow potatoes in a special box that simulated the harsh climate of Mars.

Unfortunately, this experiment cannot be considered indicative, since the scientists used soil taken from the Peruvian desert of Pampa de La Hoya. Even though the soil was sterilized for the purity of the experiment, it could still contain microbes that could promote plant growth. In addition, potatoes were grown from potato parts, not seeds, which in turn can be a big problem, since it is impossible to transport potatoes to Mars in this way - radiation will damage their cells, making it unsuitable for cultivation.

In a similar experiment, students at Villanova University (Pennsylvania, USA) grew lettuce, cabbage, garlic, and hops. Can't grow potatoes. The tubers died due to too dense soil. During their experiment, the students used volcanic basalt as the soil for planting, instead of the iron-rich analogue of the Martian soil (regolith). Despite the fact that basalt mimics the regolith environment quite well, it is still a different compound.

The regolith is unsuitable for planting because it contains a large number of perchlorates, which are extremely toxic to the human body. However, scientists say, not all is lost. Soil can be rid of perchlorates by filtration (with water) or by colonizing it with bacteria that feed on these compounds. The use of bacteria seems to be even more preferable, since they will be able to produce oxygen during this process.

Another problem is sunlight, or rather its lack. As you know, the Red Planet receives only half of the amount of light that the Earth receives. Moreover, a good part of this light is blocked by the "dust filter" of the Martian atmosphere. Even if scientists solve this problem, they will also have to somehow solve the issue of ultraviolet radiation, which almost completely bombards Mars from the Sun.

In Crete (Greece), the sandstorm that raged on the peninsula for three days in a row finally ended. Red dust brought from the coast of North Africa. Locals say that now the whole territory resembles the Red Planet, such significant consequences:

"Now everything is fine, but yesterday it was like being on Mars," said Dimitris Charitidis, managing director of Tez Tour Greece.

In mid-April, African winds often blow here, so flights are postponed, because it is extremely dangerous on an airplane.

“But what happened yesterday probably happened for the first time. Almost everyone says that they haven’t seen anything like this yet. Yesterday it was even hard to breathe: 17 people were hospitalized - mostly elderly people,” he added.

See: natural anomaly in Greece

Some people are already accustomed to such anomalies. They happen annually and do not last longer than 4-5 days. The last time it rained with sand was in the central part of mainland Greece in the city of Volos, which is almost 400 kilometers from southern Crete.

Tourists do not come here either, so the season opens after Easter to wait out natural disasters. But the network was flooded with amateur footage - all of Crete in crimson colors, you won’t see this on TV, real “Martian photo shoots”.

Only German pensioners were not afraid of the storm, they are resting on the island, as if nothing had happened and watching the phenomenon quite calmly.

sociological sciences

• ROSCOSMOS
• EXOMARS
• SPACEX
• MARS ONE
• INTERNATIONAL SPACE ORGANIZATION
• PERSPECTIVE PLANET
• RED PLANET
• HUMAN SEND PROGRAM
• SPACE EXPANSION
• COLONIZATION
• NEW PLANET
• EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT
• CURIOSITY
• MARS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY

The text is selected in accordance with the theme "Mars - the new Earth in 45 years." This article talks about Mars - as another planet that a person can enter, and later, possibly, master. This is the future that humanity is striving for, to explore not only new lands, new seas and oceans, but also outer space, which a few centuries ago seemed so unattainable and limitless. It also describes some of the features of the idea of ​​Mars colonization, which inspires the world's space companies and creates a new way of manifesting the competitive struggle for primacy among states. Of course, many believe that the program to send a man to Mars is a reckless gamble, the reality of which depends on many factors. For about half a century, humanity has been thinking about the prospect of developing its neighboring planet, which is an undoubted element in the development of modern civilization. At present, several global companies set as their main goal to explore Mars, in order to make a manned flight in the future. Roskosmos, NASA and ESA, SpaceX have declared a flight to Mars their priority goal of the 21st century. A flight to Mars is possible only with the combined efforts of international space organizations, whose countries will develop their key technologies that will develop their national advanced industry and science. In the future, the text can be used by students for educational purposes and by all other people who are interested in this topic.

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The idea of ​​the colonization of Mars, as a manifestation of the phenomenon of the space expansion of mankind, at the moment, will leave few indifferent. It inspires the world's space companies and creates a new way to compete for dominance among nations. But many believe that the program to send a man to Mars is a reckless gamble, the reality of which depends on many factors.

First of all, time, resources and means play a significant role in the implementation of a manned flight to Mars. The colonization of Mars is an expensive project that requires a competent integrated approach.

For about half a century, humanity has been thinking about the prospect of developing its neighboring planet, which is an undoubted element in the development of modern civilization. The dream of flying to Mars has a long history, but only now humanity is approaching its realization.

Much of the interest in Mars was due to the alleged encounter with alien life forms, but although there is no hope for the existence of intelligent life forms on the Red Planet, some life can probably be found there. However, the significance of a manned flight to Mars goes far beyond finding life forms outside the Earth.

At the moment, Mars is perhaps the only promising planet in terms of its colonization.

Firstly, if only because Mars belongs to the planets of the terrestrial group, which, in addition to the Earth, includes Venus and Mercury. The terrestrial planets are similar in mass, density and chemical composition of matter, and also have an atmosphere. It is believed that Mars, in its evolution, went far ahead of the Earth, volcanic activity ceased on it, and the surface landscape was completely formed. In addition, he almost completely lost his atmosphere.

Secondly, although on the surface of Mars due to low pressure, less than on Earth by 160 times, water cannot exist in a liquid state, data from the NASA Spirit and Opportunity rovers indicate the presence of water in the past.

There are several facts in support of the claim of the presence of water on the surface of the planet in the past. First, minerals have been found that could only form as a result of prolonged exposure to water. Secondly, very old craters are practically wiped off the face of Mars. The modern atmosphere could not cause such destruction. The study of the rate of formation and erosion of craters made it possible to establish that wind and water destroyed them most of all about 3.5 billion years ago.

Thirdly, the exploration of Mars will help predict the development of the Earth to a large extent. All sorts of supposed global catastrophes, ranging from the greenhouse effect to the threat of a collision of the Earth with a huge meteorite, can easily destroy all of humanity. And although, many believe, the probability of a global catastrophe is too low to justify a manned flight to another planet. But it should be noted that the totality of the interests of a member of society never corresponds to the interests of society as a whole.

A flight to Mars will give a powerful impetus to the development of space research, as well as all sciences and areas of human activity. The process of planetary exploration is long, but it is unreasonable to postpone its beginning.

The first plans for a mission to Mars came about as a result of the successful US Apollo program. After the moon landing in 1969 and the end of the program, the United States did not stop pursuing this goal.

At present, several global companies set as their main goal to explore Mars, in order to make a manned flight in the future. Roskosmos, NASA and ESA, SpaceX have declared a flight to Mars their priority goal of the 21st century.

Space Exploration technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is a private American company, founded in 2002 by Elon Musk, with the aim of organizing a full-fledged colony on Mars with the possibility of returning people to Earth. At the moment, the company is already profitable, SpaceX helps to send astronauts to MSC., is a manufacturer of Falcon space rockets, and is also developing a number of parallel projects, one of which is the creation of a network of satellites to provide Internet access to residents of hard-to-reach regions, but the main goal remains . According to SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell, the company has never been shy about talking about the colonization of Mars, and the company itself is working towards this main goal.

It is known that SpaceX's plans to send a man to Mars include the development and creation of a methane engine, the Raptor, which may be used to fly to the Red Planet. The company is restarting the Falcon 9 project, planning to work with version 1.2 of the rocket. The new Falcon 9 is 30% more efficient than the old version. The updated rocket allows you to simplify the process of landing, to re-work with the rocket. The company is going to establish a regular process for launching rockets into space, using all the sites that SpaceX has. The plans are to achieve an indicator of 96 rocket launches per year. SpaceX plans to work on a global project that will connect the Earth and other planets - the space Internet. However, a detailed flight plan is only being worked out, which inspires pleasant confidence in the serious competent work of the specialists of this American company.

In addition to SpaceX, there are other organizations that plan to send a man to Mars. The most famous such project is Mars One. Mars One is a private project led by Bas Lansdorp. The main task of the organization is to establish a colony on the surface of Mars using ready-made technologies, and to broadcast everything that happens on television - from preparing volunteers for flight to solving complex technical problems on the surface of the Red Planet. This is the first project that plans to finance such a global operation through real-time TV broadcasts.

The Mars One project plans to establish the first human settlements on Mars by April 2023. The first crew of four astronauts, selected after several stages and prepared for flight, emigrate to their new planet from Earth after a journey that will take seven months. A new team will join the settlement every two years. By 2033, there will be more than twenty people on Mars.

The Mars One project team has been working on this plan since early 2011. In that first year, extensive and exhaustive studies of the feasibility of the idea were carried out, all the details were studied with numerous specialists and expert organizations. This analysis included not only technical elements, but also comprehensively discussed financial, psychological and ethnic aspects. Many international aerospace companies capable of developing and supplying the main components of equipment for the Martian expedition were interested in the project. Mars One has an impressive list of people who support the mission to Mars. One of them is Prof. Dr. Gerard Hooft, physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 1999. The Mars One team believe not only in the mission's capabilities, but that they must do everything possible to accelerate our understanding of the formation of the cosmos, the origin of life, and last but not least, our raison d'être in the universe.

However, it would seem that despite the noble goals pursued by Mars One, the project has recently encountered many problems, in particular, those related to overestimated capabilities. Lack of funds, tight deadlines, insufficiently high technologies that fully meet the requirements of the mission, the low level of psychological preparation of volunteers - cause distrust among investors, which not only puts the project in danger of being closed, but also badly affects the reputation of science and space research, and, naturally, sets up the public is against a one-way flight.

If we talk about the Russian interpretation of a manned flight to Mars, then this issue is dealt with by Roscosmos, in its project « Exomars" but for now, the work of the Russian space agency is carried out more in a theoretical aspect.

ExoMars – joint program of the European Space Agency and the Federal Space Agency of Russia for the exploration of Mars. The current mission plans include two launches, the main load of which will be an orbital probe and a rover. The objectives of the program are: to search for possible traces of past or present life on Mars, to study the surface, environment, water and geochemical distribution on the surface of the planet, to study the interior of the planet to identify hazards for future manned flights to Mars. In fact, speaking, Roskosmos is far behind the American space companies, which are already actively studying the Red Planet and receiving more and more new data every day.

As a result, the flight to Mars raises many doubts, the ambitious idea is criticized by everyone and sundry. NASA has been talking about landing on Mars in 20 years for 45 years. Such false promises only exacerbate the flight mission.

At the moment, the reality is only plans for a manned flight to Mars, the success of which depends on the amount of data collected. Now this necessary data comes only from rovers, the most modern of which is the third generation rover. « Curiosity".

The inquisitive rover is a self-contained chemistry lab several times the size and weight of the previous Spirit and Opportunity rovers. It is assumed that the apparatus will serve on Mars for one Martian year (686 Earth days) and will conduct a full analysis of the soils and components of the planet's atmosphere.

With the help of Curiosity, scientists hope to establish whether there have ever been conditions suitable for the existence of life on Mars; receive detailed information about the climate and the geology of the planet; in general, to prepare for the landing of a man on Mars. Fortunately, at the moment, the curious rover is coping with its tasks, and every day it actively helps researchers to study the Red Planet, finding more and more new parts for the space puzzle.

Perhaps now the flight of a man to Mars resembles a science fiction movie. But one should not condemn too categorically the desire of man to conquer other planets, this is quite natural for the further development of modern civilization. Space exploration is the next step in the history of human civilization.

As a result, the conclusion suggests itself, for half a century the question of a flight to a neighboring planet has been an edge before astronauts and cosmologists. However, outdated technologies and lack of data speak of the unpreparedness of people to fly to another planet, and, moreover, to colonize it, in the next 20 years at least.

Therefore, a flight to Mars is possible only with the combined efforts of international space organizations, whose countries will develop their key technologies that will allow the development of their national advanced industry and science.

For the effective development of a new planet, society must put aside the constant rivalry and race for world dominance, and, above all, remember that we are all inhabitants of one planet - we are all earthlings.

Bibliography

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2. A. Author. L. Gorshkov - Doctor of Technical Sciences Manned flight to Mars. Journal: "Science and Life". No. 7, 2007
3. A. Author I. Kuzeev. First Martian. Magazine "Spark". Retrieved #11 2010.