Schematic diagram of an air conditioner. Electrical circuit of the air conditioner. Using existing wiring

When buying a room air conditioner, it is very important to choose the right one technical characteristics and handle the installation responsibly. According to statistics, the majority of air conditioner breakdowns occur due to their incorrect and unqualified installation. Correct sequence Connecting the electrical circuit of the air conditioner is the key to its high-quality and long-term performance. If the air conditioner is installed incorrectly, the following negative characteristics may subsequently appear: condensation leaking into the room, freon leakage, etc.

There are two types of installation of air conditioners in premises: standard and non-standard. Standard installation- the most common is to install the air conditioner near a window, since the compressor is located outside. It is possible to perform installation in rooms that have been renovated. This installation is not expensive and does not take much time.
Non-standard installation of an air conditioner is quite expensive and painstaking work, which is recommended to be done only during the renovation of the room, since it involves chiseling the walls.

Regardless of which installation option you choose, to avoid all negative consequences, before starting installation of the air conditioner and mountings, it is worth finding out important points. For example, such as external connection diagram and electrical diagram, electrical supply system of the device, location of input devices, cross section wires and future cable routes, find out the characteristics of the walls involved in the electrical wiring route. Electrical diagram the air conditioner must comply with the rules for electrical installations and regulatory documents. The participation of a professional team of specialists with the necessary equipment is important.

Air conditioner connection diagram

The electrical connection diagram for the air conditioner includes the laying of external wiring, secured every 50 cm with special clamps. Electrical wiring, placed in boxes, is attached to the wall using glue and screws, and hidden electrical wiring located in recesses in the wall in corrugated pipes, attached with clamps.

When choosing a place to install an air conditioner, first of all you need to take care of the aesthetic characteristics: design and interior. It is recommended to install the air conditioner in the ceiling area in a place where you do not spend a lot of time, as direct flows of cold air can lead to colds.

Refrigeration circuit diagram

Below is a diagram refrigeration circuit air conditioner

The diagram was taken not from a textbook, but from the manufacturer’s service documentation, therefore the designations are given in English.

Compressor- compressor, the “heart of the air conditioner”. The compressor compresses the refrigerant and pumps it through the circuit.

Heat exchanger- heat exchanger,

• outdoor unit - external unit, that is, the condenser, cools the compressed freon below the condensation temperature
• indoor unit- indoor unit - evaporator, in which the working substance evaporates, lowering the temperature

Expansion valve- expansion valve

In other words, TRV is a thermostatic valve. Provides feed required quantity refrigerant.

IN simple air conditioners its role is performed by a capillary tube, without any adjustment, in inverter systems- electronic expansion valve.

2-Way valve- two-way valve, that is, a regular valve, with two positions - open and closed

3-Way valve - three-way valve, in an air conditioner, this is the service port to which the pressure gauge hose is connected for measuring pressure or charging.

4-way valve- four-way valve, provides refrigerant reverse for operation of the air conditioner in heating mode

Strainer- filter, in this diagram it is a filter-drier, since it is installed before the expansion valve (and after, since the system can operate in reverse mode and the refrigerant changes direction of movement).

Its task is to prevent moisture from entering the thin channel of the expansion valve - since moisture will clog it, preventing the refrigerant from passing through.

Muffler- muffler

The arrows indicate the direction of movement of freon along the contour:

• solid arrow - in cooling mode
• dotted arrow - in heating mode

Also in more complex and advanced air conditioners the following is installed:

• Pressure Sensors
• liquid separators
• bypass lines
• injection systems into the compressor
• oil separators

Multi split system diagram

Multi split system- this is an air conditioner that has one external unit and several internal ones

In this case, several more internal blocks are added, as well as:

Distributor- a distributor that splits the refrigerant flow and directs it to several indoor units.

The circuit also contains elements that are used not only in multi-systems:

Receiver tank - receiver.

The receiver has several purposes - protection against compressor water hammer, draining freon during repairs, etc.

IN in this case this is a linear receiver that prevents freon gas from entering the expansion valve

Scheme electrical connections external unit of split system:

Terminal - terminal block for connecting the interconnect cable for connection with the indoor unit.

N- electric neutral

2 - supplying power to the compressor from the control board of the indoor unit

3 - supplying power to the fan motor for operation at 1st speed

4 - supplying power to the fan motor to operate at 2nd speed

5 - supplying power to the four-way valve actuator to switch to heating mode

Compressor

C- common - common output of the compressor windings

R- running - compressor working winding

S- starting - phase-shifting winding of the compressor motor, starting

Internal overload protector- internal overload protection

Compressor Capacity- an electric capacitor, in this case a working one (there are also starting ones, but they are not currently used in air conditioners)

Fan motor- engine, fan motor

Thermal protector- protection against overheating, usually placed directly on the motor windings and breaks the circuit when the temperature is exceeded.

Fan motor Capacitior - fan motor run capacitor

SV- solenoid valve - solenoid valve, driving the four-way valve mechanism.

Air conditioner indoor unit diagram

Terminal block

On the terminal block, in addition to interblock connections, there are also clamps for connecting power (power can be supplied vice versa - to the external unit)

L,N - electric line and neutral of single-phase supply

Filter Board - filter board, reduces the level of interference in the power supply network

Control Board - control board - controls all devices, receives data from all sensors, performs thermoregulation, displays information for the user on the display, and performs self-diagnosis.

Main relay- main relay - a power relay that supplies voltage to the compressor.

Display board - The display module can be a line of LEDs that indicate the presence of power, the selected mode, an error code, or a display that also displays the temperature.

Thermistor - thermistor, thermistor, temperature sensor

Room temp. - room temperature sensor

Pipe temp. - temperature sensor of the heat exchanger tube, evaporator

Temperature sensors may also be located in:

• control panel - to maintain the temperature at the location of the remote control (for example, “I Feel” mode).
• at the inlet, outlet and midpoint of the evaporator

Step motor - stepper motor,

Used to open louver grilles or curtains covering a fan

After installation, the air conditioner is connected to the electrical network, which is carried out according to the diagrams indicated on both the indoor and outdoor units. Detailed description The stages of this process and the electrical requirements are usually given in the instructions separately for each device, depending on its power.

It is worth keeping in mind that the electrical connection diagrams for air conditioners for low-power household and more powerful semi-industrial (commercial) models differ. The former have single-phase, and the latter both single-phase and three-phase connections.

There are two ways to power a split system: directly through an outlet and by connecting a wire to the electrical panel. The first option is suitable for household appliances and in the case of already completed renovations in the premises. The second method is acceptable for powerful units, as well as for devices of varying power with initial stage drafts repair work. Household models The first method is often put into operation, so this article will discuss it in more detail.

As a rule, powering a split system takes place in several stages, which should be strictly followed if the user plans to do this independently. So, how to connect an air conditioner with your own hands without relevant experience? It's difficult, but quite doable.

Sequence of work

First of all, the owner of a split system must remember the sequence of work. They are carried out according to the following scheme:

• preparation of materials and tools;
• study of air conditioner connection diagrams;
• laying interconnect cables - connecting them to the terminals of the indoor and outdoor units of the air conditioner;
• connecting the device to the network;
• checking the operating parameters of both modules.

Depending on the internal structure The cable can run from both the outdoor and indoor units to the power source.

Connection and connection of air conditioner interconnect cables

If you decide to connect the air conditioner to the mains via an outlet, you need to make sure that it can withstand the upcoming load. If the required parameters do not comply, the installer should not connect the device to it and must explain to the customer the essence of the problem, as well as offer a way out - laying a separate line to the panel.

Here are the basic requirements for the outlet:

• The socket must have a ground connection or a differential relay;
• It must correspond to the required values ​​specified in the instructions for the split system. The best ratio is high network power and low cooling device power;
• The air conditioner is not placed in line with other powerful appliances;
• It is forbidden to power the device from the outlet if it is used aluminum wiring. To connect the air conditioner through it, you need to take a copper wire with the appropriate cross-sectional area;
• It is important to make sure that the socket itself is connected through a circuit breaker that has a distance between contacts of at least 3 mm when open;
• Work must be performed by an experienced installer in accordance with required national and local standards.

If all the above requirements are met, proceed to preparatory work How to connect an air conditioner to an outlet with your own hands. First check availability the right tools, and then strip the cable cores with a knife or an insulation stripper. Now we move on to laying interconnect cables and connecting the external unit of the air conditioner, and then the internal one.

Modern reinforced euro sockets are usually suitable for high-power devices.

The connection is carried out according to the diagrams on the blocks, which indicate the terminal blocks corresponding to the interblock cables. Unconnected cable cores must be insulated so that they do not come into contact with live parts of the air conditioner.

Marking of terminals for on/off models of split systems:

• 1 – compressor power supply;
• 2(N) – common neutral;
• 3 – four-way valve;
• 4 – fan of the external unit;
• (Earth).

Terminal markings for inverter models of split systems:

• 1 – food;
• 2(N) – neutral;
• 3 – control;
• (Earth).

In some Chinese economy-class air conditioners, a separate wire is laid between the units to connect a temperature sensor.

The wires are connected to the terminals. The terminal box is located under the block panel. In accordance with the numbering, the wires of the internal module are connected to the contacts of the external module.

Stages

Brief instructions for connecting an air conditioner with your own hands for the indoor unit are as follows:

1. Remove the decorative panel from the block.
2. Remove the protective cover from the connectors and the cord clamp.
3. Lay the interconnect cable through the mounting hole in the rear of the device.
4. Prepare the cable for connection by first stripping it and removing the insulation.
5. The stripped ends are inserted into the terminals and tightened tightly with screws. The tightening force should be approximately 1.2 Nm. Typically, terminal blocks use screw terminals to connect wires.
6. The clamps secure the interconnect wire well.
7. Reinstall the terminal cover.

The same brief instructions Suitable for connecting the external unit of the air conditioner according to the electrical diagram yourself. Instead of decorative panel Remove the protective cover from the outdoor unit and connect it with wires to the indoor module through terminals.

At the very end, they check whether the work done corresponds to the connection diagrams. Only then can you turn on the device.

Selection of wire for connection

It is worth remembering what wire is needed to connect the air conditioner, or rather, what cross-section is required. Its parameters are indicated in the instructions for each split system model individually. The cross section depends on the power of the device. Usually, domestic air conditioners(sizes 7, 9, 12, 13) require a wire diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 mm². You can focus on the current strength: less than 18 A - 1.5 mm², more than 18 A - 2.5 mm².

Also, the wire required to connect the air conditioner to the electrical network is selected taking into account the remoteness of the panel. The distance between the device block and electrical panel over 10 meters requires a cross-section of 2.5 mm².

In order to ensure reliable operation conditioner is used only copper wires. For a single-phase connection, three-wire wires are used (phase-neutral-ground), and for a three-phase connection, five-wire wires are used.

The wire must not be laid near gas or heating pipes. Minimum distance between them is at least 1 meter. If necessary, use additional insulation. As a rule, the cable is laid along with the route in a corrugation and hidden in a box or groove in the wall.

The cables are attached to the wall with clamps, which are secured with dowels or screws. When laying communications in boxes, glue or screws are used to secure them. If fulfilled hidden wiring, then the wires are hidden in a corrugation and fixed to the wall using special clamps.

Circuit breaker

If you plan to power the split system from the panel, then you will need protection devices, one of which is circuit breaker. It is selected relative to the rated power of the device specified in technical passport or on the external unit. It is advisable to always leave a small reserve. For example, start-stop air conditioners have a very high starting current, exceeding 20 A. And although the duration of operation at such values ​​is short, it is still worth taking this into account.

Pick up required values current automatic machine can be used using the formula: the power of the air conditioner (kW) is divided by the network voltage (220 V) and the obtained data is increased by 20-30%.

When connecting the air conditioner to the power supply, it is important to remember that the circuit breaker must have a distance between the contacts in the open state of at least 3 mm for each phase wire. The phase order is strictly observed: the order of connecting the phases must correspond to the order on the terminal block.

Type C circuit breaker is suitable for air conditioners. It completely ensures the safety of the motor load and has high performance triggered in case of an emergency.

You need to make sure whether the electrical panel allows you to install additional equipment in it.

It is worth remembering that both for the air conditioner and for other household appliances electrical appliances, the most reliable connection is via a separate line. With this option, it is not necessary to install the device protective shutdown and differential relay.

Connecting the LG ART COOL GALLERY air conditioner according to electrical diagrams

The photo below shows an electrical diagram for connecting an LG air conditioner inverter type. The first diagram is for connecting the indoor unit, the second is for connecting the outdoor unit. The third photo is the terminal block of the external unit. The fourth photo is a completely ready-to-use indoor unit. The model 9 split system shown in the photographs is installed in the apartment, connected to an outlet and works perfectly. The installers used a copper power cable with a cross-section of 1.5 mm².

In order to cope with all the stages yourself, you can watch the video of installing and connecting the air conditioner with your own hands below:

Many of us use indoor air cooling units at home or at work - air conditioners. But not everyone knows how they function. The purpose of this article is to explain the structure and operating principle of a split system, which is most often found in our daily life.

Household air conditioner device

A modern split system is divided into two parts - outdoor and indoor units. Each of them performs its own function and contains a set of corresponding equipment. Inside the housing of the outdoor unit there is a heat exchanger - a condenser, a fan designed to drive air through it, and a compressor - a pressure blower. Of the smaller, but no less important functional elements the dryer, expansion valve and connecting tubes from copper. In addition, the design of this unit provides for power supply from the electrical network, for which it has the necessary electrical elements, as well as automation equipment.

Note. In the case when the design provides for the operation of a split system for heating, a four-way valve with an electric drive, a compressor heater and a condensation pressure regulator are additionally installed in the outdoor unit.

The internal part of the air conditioner, in addition to the housing, contains a heat exchanger - an evaporator with, filter elements, blinds for directing the air flow and a tray for collecting condensate. 2 lines for coolant are laid between the indoor and outdoor units; through a pipe with a larger diameter it moves in the form of gas, with a smaller diameter - in liquid state. The figure below shows the structure of a split system indicating the main elements:

1 – compressor; 2 – four-way valve for switching between winter and summer modes; 3 – electronic unit; 4 - axial fan; 5 – heat exchanger – condenser; 6 – lines for refrigerant; 7 – centrifugal fan; 8 – heat exchanger – evaporator; 9 – filter rough cleaning; 10 – fine filter.

Principle of operation

The split system, like any refrigeration machine, is very different high efficiency. For example: a cooler that consumes electrical power 1 kW, has a cooling capacity of approximately 3 kW. In this case, no laws of conservation of energy are violated and Installation efficiency not 300% at all, as you might think.

It should be understood that the principle of operation of an air conditioner is not to produce cold, but to transfer thermal energy from one place to another through a refrigerant called the working fluid.

The working fluid is freon, whose boiling point is almost 100 ºС lower than that of water. The trick is that in order to vaporize, any liquid must receive a large number of thermal energy, its working fluid and takes away from room air in the evaporator. In physics this energy is called specific heat vaporization.

Evaporated in indoor unit freon through the tube large diameter enters the compressor, which creates pressure in the split system and then into the heat exchanger - condenser. The working fluid, under pressure, intensively condenses in it upon contact with outside air, releasing previously absorbed heat into the atmosphere. Only now it is called the specific heat of condensation; with a constant amount of freon in the system, its value is equal to the expended energy of vaporization. How the described process occurs is shown in the operating diagram of a split system air conditioner:

After entering the liquid phase, the refrigerant passes through a dryer to separate moisture and enters the expansion valve. Here, due to a sharp increase in the size of the channel (nozzle), the pressure decreases and the working fluid returns to the evaporator for the next portion of heat.

Among the electrical equipment that consumes significant power, in the diagram you can see two fans and a compressor; other sources of energy consumption are negligible. That is, the 1 kW of electricity given in the example is spent only on rotating the axes of the fans and compressor; all the rest of the work is done by freon.

All other functions are performed by automation systems. Upon reaching set temperature indoors, the sensor sends a signal to the control unit, which stops the compressor and fans, and the process stops. Air environment the room has warmed up - and the sensor again initiates the start of the cooler, such cyclic operation continues continuously. At the same time, inverter split systems, whose design is slightly different from the design of conventional air conditioners, never stop the process. Such units are characterized by a smooth temperature change and quiet compressor operation.

Note. During intensive heat exchange processes, moisture contained in the air falls on the fins of the evaporator and condenser; to collect and remove it, the air conditioner design provides a bath and a system of tubes.

To switch the installation to the air heating mode, the direction of movement of the working fluid is switched, as a result of which the heat exchangers change functions, the external one becomes an evaporator and takes heat from environment, and the internal one acts as a capacitor, transferring this energy into the room. To redistribute the flows, a four-way valve was introduced into the circuit so that there is no need to trick the compressor.

Conclusion
Split system, like others refrigeration machines, is very economical due to the efficiency of its operation. It is for this reason that they have gained wide popularity for creating comfortable conditions in buildings for various purposes.

How does the chiller-fan coil system work? What's happened inverter air conditioner How to turn on the air conditioner for heating How to perform antibacterial cleaning of an air conditioner

Today, many people are interested in electrical circuit diagrams for split systems and heating boilers. various brands and models, in this article we will not specify in detail which cooling devices use this or that scheme, but we will break them down by microchip manufacturers

As it turned out, the control concepts for air conditioners and heating boilers are almost identical, i.e. They look like twins and brothers.

The basis of the so-called similarity is a microchip, or a microcircuit that sets the algorithm for one or another signal control process on both boilers and splits...

Why is this necessary? Having at hand a circuit diagram with details and voltages at control points, you can easily determine faulty element control boards not only for split systems, but also for almost any gas, diesel or combined boiler for heating and hot water supply systems.

Boiler control board, split

I’ll tell you a secret that if you order the original control board for the boiler or split separately, you will get a very impressive amount of several thousand rubles, but...

this is not the most important thing, money, the cost of replacing the board today scares and stops few people, in the end it is possible to completely replace the device...

But, the time factor... as a rule, split systems break down in the summer in the heat and heat, and boilers and other heating devices in a private home break down in the winter during intensive use, this is called Shutdown.

And, if you have a basic electrical diagram, you can determine the malfunctions of one or another algorithm in one day, repair the control board and restore the functionality of the device.

This is especially true for boiler equipment; in order not to freeze the heating system at home, you must act quickly and efficiently.

Schematic electrical diagrams for controlling split systems, boilers based on various chips

APPENDIX: Schematic diagrams for panel controller manufacturers:

1. FUJITSU Chip. Schematic diagram Controller Group E Series Air Conditioner with Screen (FUJITSU Chip)
2. Motorola Chip. Schematic diagram of the EA series air conditioner panel controller (Motorola chip) Motorola air conditioner.
3. Schematic diagram of the controller of the HS Series Air Conditioner Group (Motorola chip) with Renesas.
4. Renesas. Circuit diagram of Group E series air conditioner controller with display screen (with Renesas chip)

FUJITSU Chip

Connection diagram for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems(beginning): 1 - mounting block of relays and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting fuse block in the passenger compartment; 3 - control unit for ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 4 - fan operating mode switch; 5 - air conditioner switch; 6 - backlight lamp; 7 - heater electric fan relay; 8 - additional resistor of the fan motor; 9 - Sirius D4 ECU; 10 - ECU MR – 140; 11 - ECU HV-240; 12 - heater fan electric motor; 13 - brightness control for instrument lighting

Connection diagram of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (end): 1 - mounting block of relays and fuses in the engine compartment; 2 - mounting fuse block in the passenger compartment; 3 - electric motor for recirculation damper drive; 4 - air conditioning compressor relay; 5 - control unit for ventilation, heating and air conditioning; 6 - air conditioning compressor clutch; 7 - Sirius D4 ECU; 8 - ECU MR – 140; 9 - ECU HV-240; 10 - rear window heating relay

1) Air conditioner control switch, resistor and electric fan control circuit

A. CONNECTOR INFORMATION

b. LEGEND & AND LOCATION OF CONTACT NUMBER

V. LOCATION OF CONNECTORS AND GROUND CONNECTIONS

W/R INSTRUMENT PANEL

d. CONTACT BLOCK

s203

s204

2) AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL SWITCH, INDUCTION DAMPER ACTUATOR AND AIR CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR CIRCUIT

A. CONNECTOR INFORMATION