Perennial primrose, planting and care (60 photos): how to grow flowers of heavenly beauty. Perennial garden primrose - planting and care Primrose plant

Primrose is a beautiful and touching perennial flower of the primrose family. It is also called primrose. Thanks to its early (as soon as the snow has melted) flowering, decorative qualities and unpretentiousness, it has earned a good attitude among gardeners - planting and caring for primrose is simple, and these flowers decorate the area unusually.

Preparing for planting in open ground

Primrose is an unpretentious plant - planting and care in open ground is not difficult. To decorate your garden with a carpet of flowers, you just need to consider a few points.

Landing dates

Perennial garden primrose is planted in open ground in the second year of life. Can be planted in spring or autumn. The optimal time for planting seedlings is late May - early June. You can sow seeds at one of the following periods:

1. Spring. Late February – early March. Seeds are sown in containers. When the snow melts, they are transplanted into open ground.
2. Summer. July August. This period is relevant for varietal primroses, whose seeds ripen at this time.
3. Autumn. Planting seeds before winter. It is believed that planting primrose in the garden in the fall (October) is most effective, because after the snow melts, the soil is saturated with moisture.

Choosing a location on the site

When choosing a place for planting, you need to take into account that perennial wild primrose grows in the forest, forest-steppe, zone. The place should be slightly shaded, well ventilated, and fairly cool.

Pre-planting soil preparation

The soil for primroses needs to be fertile, with a neutral or slightly acidic pH, clayey, loose, moisture-absorbing, moist, and well-drained. If the soil on the site does not meet these requirements, its composition is improved. It is necessary to remove 20 cm of the top layer of soil and replace it with a suitable layer of soil. For 1 m² the following is added:

• sand (bucket);
• crushed sphagnum moss;
• vermiculite;
• fermented manure (2 kg).

Preparation of planting material

Preparing primroses for planting from a greenhouse or conservatory involves hardening them and acclimating them to the sun's rays. When the outdoor temperature rises above 10 °C, the containers with seedlings are taken out into the open air for several hours. If the primrose is a large plant, or has already bloomed, then it is advisable to keep it in the fresh air for a week before planting.

Landing process

Before planting, both the flowers in the containers and the holes prepared for them in the soil are moistened. 2 hours after watering, they are planted in open ground. It is better to plant primrose on a cloudy day. The seedlings are then better acclimatized to the sun's rays. If planted in dry and hot weather, the plants need to be moistened abundantly.

There are three ways to plant primroses in the ground:

1. Seedling method. As much old soil as possible is removed from the roots.
2. Transshipment method. The soil covering the roots is preserved. Primroses, which have a delicate root system, are recommended to be planted in a transshipment manner.
3. Replacement of topsoil. The soil is loosened, the top layer is removed and new light, nutritious soil is filled in.

When planting large flowers, you need to keep a distance of 40–45 cm between them. Between miniature primroses, keep a distance of 10–15 cm. To get the decorative effect of a flower mat, plants are planted more closely.

Primrose care rules

Primrose is an unpretentious flower, the main care for it consists of systematically loosening the soil (preferably after watering), removing weeds, maintaining soil moisture, and covering it for the winter.

Watering frequency and water quality requirements

Water weekly at a rate of about 3 liters of water per m². In hot weather, watering is increased, focusing on the soil - it needs to be kept slightly moist. Watering - in the evening, after sunset, or in cloudy weather - to protect the primrose from sunburn. The water should be settled, not cold.

Selection and timing of fertilizer application

Planting and care in open ground include regular feeding of primrose and soil enrichment. Complex fertilizers are used for feeding. The dose is halved from that recommended on the package. Feeding - weekly, from the appearance of the first leaves to the end of flowering, simultaneously with loosening the soil.

1. Apply potash fertilizers in early spring.
2. During flowering (14–21 days after the first fertilization), apply phosphorus fertilizers. They increase the duration of flowering.
3. After flowering - nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. The flower also needs organic fertilizers (mullein, horse manure).

In autumn, the place where the primrose grows is enriched with a nutrient substrate. Apply a mixture of the following composition in a 3 cm layer to a depth of 15–20 cm:

• humus (5 kg.);
• compost soil (10 kg);
• peat (5 kg.);
• phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (20 g);
• nitrogen fertilizers (15 g).

Lighting

Optimal lighting for primroses is diffused sunlight, partial shade. It is good to plant it next to tall plants. Deciduous trees and shrubs provide it with the necessary shade from the sun. Perennial primrose feels good when planted next to coniferous trees.

Favorable temperature

In summer, primrose feels comfortable at temperatures no higher than 25°C. During the dormant period, the optimal temperature is 15–18°C. This also applies to homemade primroses. In areas with warm winters, the primrose is unpretentious; it is not necessary to cover it - a layer of snow will suffice. But it must be taken into account that in a snowless, cold winter the flower may freeze. In cold regions, primroses are covered with dry leaves, straw, and spruce branches. The cover layer should be less than 10 cm thick.

Pruning rules

The plant is pruned in the spring, and in the fall the leaf rosette must be preserved - it will serve as a natural shelter for the primrose for the winter - both from the cold and from the wind. These leaves are removed in the spring.

Pests and diseases of primrose

It is necessary to notice even minor changes in the appearance of primroses, as they can signal a disease or pest attack. For example, a fluffy gray coating on leaves and flowers means gray rot; white, with black dots, coating on the leaves - a sign of powdery mildew. Wilted leaves can be a sign of late blight, while curled and yellowed leaves can signal the appearance of aphids. Small light spots may indicate thrips feeding areas, and dried areas of leaves and thin cobwebs are a sign of a mite.

Flowering period

The flowering period of primrose depends on the type and variety. By combining different types, you can get an elegant garden from April to August. Flowering time:

• beginning of spring – beginning of summer (“Virginia”, “Siebolda”);
• the beginning and end of summer (“Bullesiana”, “Florinda”).

Acceleration of flowering

Forced acceleration of flowering is called forcing. It is done at home in order to receive flowers by a certain time, for example, by March 8th.

1. In October, dig up a garden primrose (2 years old) and, together with a lump of earth, leave it in a cold (2–5 °C) room. Does not require watering.
2. Do not allow higher temperatures or bright light - this can provoke leaf growth.
3. In February-January, move the primrose to a bright and warm (12-15°C) room. Resume watering.
4. When the primrose blooms, apply potassium-phosphorus fertilizer every 2 weeks.

“Ordinary”, “pink” primroses, and “Siebold” primroses are suitable for forcing.

Care during the rest period

After flowering ends, primrose is busy growing leaves. You need to care for the flower unobtrusively during this period. Watering is reduced, fertilizing is applied once a month.

Reason and methods of transplantation

The main reason for transplantation is the tendency of primrose to grow greatly. If after 3-5 years of growing in the garden in one place, the primrose begins to grow and bloom poorly, then it needs to be replanted. Methods:

1. Adding new nutrient soil. This method can be used if the root is exposed and begins to dry out, but for some reason replanting to a new location is difficult or undesirable.
2. Transshipment. It is used if the root system has not grown much and the plant can be replanted along with a ball of earth on the roots. When transshipping, you need to pluck out all the buds and flowers, because the primrose will need strength to take root.
3. Transfer. For adult (4–5 years old) plants. Simultaneously with transplantation, propagation is also carried out by dividing the bush. In autumn, the flower is dug up, the roots are separated and planted.

It is advisable to replant garden primrose after the flowering period, in spring (late May - early June) or autumn - in September.

Reproduction methods

Primrose propagates vegetatively (by cuttings, dividing the bush) and by seed.

Dividing the bush

Reproduction of primrose by dividing the bush allows you to rejuvenate the plant and preserve all varietal characteristics. The bush is usually divided during transplantation and after flowering; the flower must be at least 3 years old. Water the area, dig up the bush and wash the roots from the soil. Using a sharp knife, cut the roots so that a leaf rosette remains on the sections. Powder the cut areas with ash. It is necessary to plant as quickly as possible before the cuttings dry out. Water thoroughly for the next 2 weeks.

By cuttings

Leaf propagation. A well-developed leaf rosette is cut off near the roots of the plant. Separate the leaf with the bud (cutting) and plant it in a container with soil. Keep the container with the petiole in a bright place at a temperature of 16-18°C until roots appear, and then transplant it into a container until spring.

Seeds

Primrose can be grown from seeds. Seeds collected independently must be disinfected. Soak in a solution of boric acid (0.5 g per 1 liter of water) for a day, rinse. Procedure:

1. Place a substrate of turf soil and sand (1 part each) and leaf soil (2 parts) into a container with a good drainage layer.
2. Scatter the seeds over the surface (5 pieces per 1 cm are enough), lightly compact. Cover the container with film.
3. Stratify for a minimum of 10 days (or about a month) at a temperature of 5 to -10°C. This can be done in the freezer.
4. Transfer the container to the windowsill and water the seeds. Open the film every day for a few hours and remove it completely after 2 weeks.
5. At a temperature of 17 degrees, seedlings will appear in 25 days. After 2–3 true leaves appear, the seedlings are plucked.

It is necessary to learn about the characteristics of the variety, because not all primroses need stratification (for example, “Rosanna”).

Using primrose in landscape design

Primrose can decorate almost any corner of the site. A necessary condition is that direct rays of the sun should not fall on it, so when planting you should stick to the north side. Primrose can be planted as a continuous flower carpet along the paths, or grown as a green border (the “tall” and “polyantha” varieties are well suited for this).

The particularly moisture-loving variety “Sikkimskaya” will look spectacular near ponds and fountains. For alpine slides, “rocky” and “allioni” are well suited. In flower beds and front gardens, primroses go well with daffodils, irises, phlox, tulips, and bells. Hybrid primroses are indispensable in landscape design because they have bright and varied colors.

Popular types and varieties of primrose

The genus Primula is extremely diverse. Includes more than 500 species, almost 200 varieties. Primroses “stemless”, “siebold”, and “spring” are especially widespread.

Stemless primrose, or common primrose (Primula vulgaris)

The common primrose is very decorative; it blooms in March – April – July with an abundance of white, pale yellow flowers and shades of pink and red. Under favorable circumstances, it may bloom again in early autumn. Easily tolerates air temperatures down to minus 23 °C.

Siebold's Primula (Primula sieboldii)

It blooms from July with flowers of scarlet and purple shades. The edges of the petals are smooth and “patterned”. The leaves of this species die off after flowering, so it must be carefully covered for the winter.

Spring primrose (Primula veris)

The spring primrose is the most famous species of primrose. From this species came many hybrids with varied, simple and complex colors, including terry primroses. The “spring primrose” itself blooms with yellow-orange flowers in April. Tolerates low temperatures easily, but must be protected from frost.

Primula elatior

It blooms in April-May with small yellow inflorescences. Primrose hybrids range in color from pink to dark blue. Due to its decorative appearance, early long flowering and unpretentiousness, it is readily grown in gardens.

Other types

Some types of primroses are grown at home. The best plants for home growing are:

1. Primrose “obconika”. It blooms in a pot with large red, yellow, blue, purple flowers in winter and spring.
2. Primrose “Chinese”. This indoor primrose is distinguished by unusual buds - they are located close to each other and resemble a bouquet.

Planting and caring for primrose at home is not difficult. The requirements for temperature, watering, and soil are similar to garden primroses. But indoor primroses, unlike garden ones, can cause an allergic skin reaction.

Primrose is famous not only for its decorative qualities, but also for its healing ones. Decoctions and infusions of leaves help with bronchitis, rheumatism, headaches, strengthen the immune system and calm the nerves.

- a welcome guest in many gardens. With proper planting, skillful cultivation, propagation and care in the open ground in early spring, a bright carpet will spread out on your site. Make it from varieties of different shades, which this primrose is rich in.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

The herald of spring, the first plant in the garden is the primrose. Planting and caring for it require knowledge and skills, since different varieties have different requirements. In total, primrose has about 500 species, not counting varieties and hybrids. They are classified in different ways, distinguishing sections and groups.

Of all the variety in landscape design, the following primroses are most often used:

• high - grows up to 30 cm;

• finely toothed - with a ball-shaped inflorescence;
• polyanthus - with corrugated leaves.

The palette of primrose shades is very diverse: white-yellow, blue-yellow, raspberry-yellow, etc.

Planting a plant

The best place for primrose is a shady area. But some alpine species grow well in full sun. The soil should be acidic or slightly alkaline. In heavy soil you need to add sand and organic matter.

The hole should be watered before planting. Depending on the size of the variety, the distance between the bushes is from 15 to 30 cm. There should be no gaps between the rosettes. The soil near the plant is compacted and watered.

Advice. Plant primrose in cool, cloudy weather. The plant should not be flowering.

Plant care

The soil around the primrose should be moist all the time. Watering frequency is 2 times a week, more on hot days. Avoid getting the leaves wet. Make sure that the water does not stagnate: the primrose may rot.

Before wintering, the soil should be dry. The plant itself is covered with leaves in the fall, with a layer of at least 10 cm. If the roots of the primrose are slightly exposed, add soil. Remove weeds and loosen the soil regularly.

Attention! Study the properties of the species you want to grow. The features of planting and care will depend on this.

Fertilizer and feeding of primrose

During the dormant period, when primrose does not bloom, there is no need to apply fertilizer. Feed the plants 2-3 times per season:

1. In early spring - a mineral complex.
2. Use organics in June.
3. Apply ammonium nitrate in August.

The last fertilizing can be replaced with superphosphate and potassium. It is believed that they increase the winter hardiness of primroses. For 10 liters of water, take 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium. You can use these fertilizers during other feedings.

Primrose propagation

This perennial primrose is usually propagated using seeds, rosettes or dividing the bush.

Reproduction by rosettes(cuttings). In May-June, cut rosettes with pieces of root and plant them in a shaded bed. Root them in a permanent location next spring.

Reproduction by dividing the bush. It is required in early spring or summer for the 3-5th year of primrose’s life, since by this time the bush usually grows. The root must be divided into parts with rosettes or buds. Before transplanting, the bush needs watering. Do not allow it to dry out during the entire procedure.

Propagation by seeds. The most difficult method, requiring knowledge and skills. Primrose is sown in open ground:

• in the spring. In February, seedlings are planted in a greenhouse and transferred to the site when the snow melts;
• in summer. The seeds are planted immediately after they have ripened in boxes. When planting and caring during this period, it is important to ensure sufficient moisture;
• in October-December. Pre-winter sowing is considered the most effective.

Advice. If you sow primrose for seedlings, first keep the seeds in the cold. When sowing directly into open ground, you can often do without this, but it all depends on the variety.

Diseases and pests

One of the disadvantages of this primrose is its susceptibility to numerous diseases. Most often, primrose suffers from:

Among the pests that plague the primrose are:

Advice. If any diseases or pests are detected, it is better not to simply remove damaged plants, but to burn them. Preventative care for the remaining bushes consists of treating them with a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.

Perennial primrose: combination with other plants

This primrose looks good under tall bushes. Harmonious in combination with ferns, heucheras. Dwarf conifers make good company for him. You can create a picturesque ensemble of primrose and marigold, soapwort (saponaria), and ornamental cereals.

This plant gets along well with other primroses. Gets along without problems with Muscari. When planting, you can experiment with colors, for example, combining pink primrose with purple leaves of weigela or barberry. Yellow or orange flowers will be well shaded by heuchera growing nearby, for example, the “Caramel” variety.

Perennial primrose in landscape design

Due to its brightness and color diversity, perennial primrose is actively used in landscape design. By combining different varieties you can create a beautiful, bright flower bed. It will bloom from April until the end of summer. Decorate your lawn with these primroses, or...

You can decorate ponds with primrose, creating small, neat compositions. Landscape design experts recommend planting the plant along garden paths and in ridges (narrow rectangular flower beds), near fences and fences. Often this primrose is grown not only in open ground, but also in flowerpots or containers. They are placed near gazebos, near the entrance, etc.

Having planted primrose, you will no longer be able to imagine your plot without this magnificent primrose. A huge selection of varieties and colors will awaken your imagination and desire to create, inspiring you to create unique compositions in your garden.

Primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of perennial primrose: photo

Perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not require much time and effort, is one of the most common types of perennial herbaceous plants, which can be either deciduous or perennial. Another common name is primrose: it is believed that with the beginning of primrose flowering, real spring comes. But the British believe that primroses are the homes of little gnomes and fairies. Another name for primrose is keys. One legend says that the Apostle Peter once dropped the keys to Paradise. Having fallen to the ground, they sprouted - and this is how amazingly beautiful flowers appeared, hence the name.

Varieties of garden primrose: variety of species

Perennial garden primrose has about 500 species, of which about 76 can be grown in our latitudes. Among this variety, we note the most popular among gardeners:

• Primrose vulgaris- or domestic stemless - one of the most common species, with highly corrugated, bright green leaves. Flowers - yellow, white, red-burgundy, blue-lilac - are collected in the center of a leafy rosette on short stalks

• primrose officinalis– also known as spring primrose, large-cup primrose, rams, God's stream. The leaves are ovoid in shape and collected in a basal rosette. One (several) stems grow from the rhizome, on which small, golden-yellow, fragrant flowers with a tubular corolla are collected in an umbrella inflorescence. The flowers and leaves of Primrose officinalis contain flavonoids and ascorbic acid, essential oil, saponins, carotenes and vitamin C. Infusion and decoction of the leaves can be used as a remedy for chronic fatigue, vitamin deficiency, anemia, lack of appetite, as well as gout and scurvy, it is actively used in the treatment of laryngitis, bronchitis, whooping cough and pneumonia.

• tall primrose - differs from other species in wrinkled leaves, which are collected in a basal rosette. The peduncle is tall, up to 30 cm, crowned with light yellow flowers 2 cm in diameter. Flowering begins at the end of April and lasts 40-45 days. Primula tall has many varieties: Colosea (crimson flowers with a yellow throat), Alba (white flowers), Cerua (dark blue flower with a yellow throat), Rosea (dark pink flower with a bright yellow throat)

• polyanthus primrose- a complex hybrid based on high primrose. It features attractive ruffled leaves and a variety of colors. The flowers are large, 5-6 cm in diameter, collected 5-15 pieces in an inflorescence 15-30 cm high. Flowering begins in mid-May and lasts until the end of June. Polyantha primroses are very unstable to frost, so they require mandatory shelter for the winter.

• auricular - an evergreen species, the leaves are dark green, leathery, dense, with a powdery coating, round or lanceolate, slightly toothed along the edge. The flowers are yellow, up to 2 cm in diameter. Its hybrids are much more decorative, in which the flowers can have 3-4 colors (white, green, yellow, dark chestnut, red), arranged in regular circles, with the center almost always yellow. Inflorescences - umbrellas, are located on peduncles reaching 10-25 cm in height

• obkonika - it is grown more often than other species at home. The leaves are on long petioles, shaped like a heart, wavy, round, rough at the edges. Flowers are up to 4 cm in diameter, on long peduncles, usually pink, white or red, purple or blue shades are much less common.

Primrose in landscape design

Some gardeners, apparently taking the name “primrose” too literally, consider primroses to be exclusively spring flowers. In fact, the variety of varieties allows you to choose a combination according to flower bed that they take turns, replacing each other, will bloom from the beginning of April to the beginning of August.

To add attractiveness and color to the area, primrose varieties with bright colors are placed along garden paths. Primroses will look good in a garden; they can be planted in a motley group on the lawn; primrose bushes are often used for decoration rocky slides and corners. Fragrant alpine or Sikkimese primroses are used for planting around artificial small ponds. Primroses are well suited for various garden compositions; they combine wonderfully with hostas, ferns, astilbe and dwarf coniferous plants. They will make good company for low irises, thorny phlox, daffodils, soapwort, tulips and muscari.

To create borders, serrated, aurate and polyanthus primroses are well suited - they are small in height, they will look great around flower arrangements or flower beds, without covering them. For an alpine garden, the best primroses will be eared primroses, which are very suitable for the additional drainage inherent. At the base of a rockery or alpine hill (against the background of stones) tall, fine-toothed, Japanese or auricular primrose, Julia primrose will look good.

Low species and varieties of primroses are planted in dense groups so that the soil under them is not visible. For group plantings, it is better to use polyantha primroses, common primrose, tall primrose, and Julia primrose.

Seed propagation is the most troublesome, primrose seeds are very small, you must not miss the moment when the boxes open. When propagated by seeds, the characteristics of the original, mother seedlings are not necessarily preserved, but you can get plants with unexpected flower colors. In addition, primrose seeds quickly lose their viability - it is better to sow the collected seeds immediately or in the same year (in this case, it is better to keep the seeds in the cold before planting). Seeds are sown no deeper than 5 mm, the first shoots (depending on the type) appear after 4-6 weeks, and germination can be very uneven. Plants dive after the appearance of the first two true leaves. The grown seedlings are planted after the end of spring frosts.

Translated from Latin, primrose means "primrose". There are about five hundred species of this flower, but no more than twenty are used for home cultivation. In its natural habitat, primrose prefers to settle on river banks and in the foothills. Southern Asia and Africa are considered to be the birthplace of these magnificent flowers, and they gained the greatest popularity in England. Every year the British hold exhibitions of their favorites, where new varieties appear.

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Perennial primrose: planting and care, photo

Appearance:

This unpretentious flower attracts more and more attention from gardeners every year. The amazing combination of beauty and durability during cultivation makes it indispensable in home gardening.

Primroses, like all primroses, love humus-rich soils. Landing place should be in partial shade, and watering is moderate. Among them there are both tender and resistant varieties. For example, large-cupped spring primrose thrives in cool, damp climates. All varieties are divided into groups according to their main characteristics:

Growing primrose and caring for it

This flower can be planted three times a year. If you want primrose to appear in your garden in the spring, then start germinating the seeds already in the second half of February. Sow them in a box or any other container. A soil mixture is prepared from leaf soil, humus and sand, and the seeds are sprinkled with peat on top. Moisten them with a spray bottle and cover them with glass or film. Occasionally, the greenhouse is opened, the soil is moistened again and condensation is removed from the glass.

Thus, they germinate for a month, after which they are planted in a flower bed in the garden. If the spring is cold, then the seedlings are planted in peat pots and buried in the soil along with the pots.

Considered the most effective landing for the winter. Thus, already in March you can see the first sprouts of primrose. In spring, the soil is very saturated with moisture, which means you don’t have to worry about soil moisture.

Planting in summer has its advantages and disadvantages. Seeds sown in August run the risk of ending up in dry soil, as summer drought prevents the soil from receiving sufficient moisture. Therefore, you should sow as many seeds as possible, of which half will sprout and survive.

After the sprouts germinate and rise a little, they are dug up and planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction

To grow perennial primrose, I use three methods: seeds, dividing the bush and propagation by leaves. Multiply by dividing the bush It is possible only in the fifth year of the plant’s life. Then the root is taken out of the ground, washed and divided into parts using a sharp knife. The sections should be sprinkled with ash. Each divided root must have at least one growth point. The roots are planted in the ground without delay. Thus, the bushes are perfectly rejuvenated.

Propagation using a leaf is carried out as follows: a leaf with a cutting and one bud is separated from the bush. Cut the leaf in half and plant it in a pre-prepared soil mixture. It should contain park soil, humus and sand. The leaf is germinated at a temperature of at least fifteen degrees, watering occasionally, and as soon as shoots appear from the bud and at least three leaves are formed, the cutting can be planted in open ground.

Landing place

These flowers love partial shade, although they tolerate heat and direct sunlight well. The planting area should be ventilated and slightly darkened. These flowers will feel great under trees and shrubs. If the place is open to the sun, then primrose from perennial risks becoming an annual plant. By the end of the season, it is so weakened by the sun's rays that it withers completely and is no longer able to grow further. Its leaves become crowded and its inflorescences become smaller.

The soil

The soil must be loose and nutritious. The flower is not indifferent to well-fertilized soil. Organic fertilizers in the form of rotted compost or manure are suitable for it. Usually they take two buckets per square meter of beds with primroses. During the growth of green mass and budding, mineral fertilizers are used.

The distance between flowers should be at least thirty centimeters, and if the bushes are large, then forty centimeters.

It is recommended to plant in cloudy weather. Flowers are planted only after flowering has ended. If planting was carried out during a period of drought, then the flower is watered twice a week.

Temperature

Primrose tolerates frost well and overwinters well in the garden. At a temperature of minus six degrees, the plant does not need to be covered. Many gardeners try to play it safe and cover the bushes with bast leaves. If the winter is frosty, the primrose is dug up in October and taken indoors.

Pests and diseases

Like many garden plants, primrose is attacked by pests. If not properly cared for, the flower can become susceptible to fungal diseases.

Popular varieties for growing in open ground

These flowers look great in combination with other plants. The designers have come up with a list of colors with which primrose feels most organic. These are: periwinkle, tulips, fern, and astilbe. Try to plant it in the shade of trees or bushes. It will look good near gazebos or fences.

Primula stemless

Primrose stemless is one of the most favorite varieties among gardeners. It has practically no flower stalk, and the leaves are lush and long. So, the length of the sheet reaches twenty-five centimeters with a width of six centimeters. Cream or white flowers grow singly. Flowering begins early in March and looks simply mesmerizing.

Variety Julia

This variety barely reaches ten centimeters. The leaves are oval-shaped with toothed edges. Blooms in lilac shades with small grooves. Single inflorescences are located on long peduncles.

Primula aurica

A low-growing variety with long dark green leaves. The petals, like the leaves, are covered with a whitish coating. The inflorescences are painted in pink, cream and yellow shades. Flowering begins in April and ends in mid-summer.

Mealy

Powdery primrose has a yellowish or whitish coating on the petals. The inflorescences grow in the form of an umbrella. This variety is very moisture-loving and completely frost-resistant.

Alpine

Alpine primrose has a variegated color. The core, as a rule, is a different color from the rest of the petals. It has no waxy or powdery coating.

Curtose

Curtose primrose has dark oval leaves and funnel-shaped flowers. The length of the flower stalk reaches forty centimeters. Inflorescences are umbrella-shaped and drooping.

Primula stemless growing from seeds and care

Stemless primrose is often used to fill empty spaces in the area that are in the shade. Caring for it is not difficult, but it is somewhat different from other types of primroses.

The first flowers welcome spring with us. For the most part, these are representatives of bulbous plants. They are tender, fragile and a little cold, just like the first spring months. Therefore, against the background of these flowers, the perennial primrose especially stands out, from which it breathes the warmth of the sun and the promise of a long-awaited summer.

Primrose or primrose (Primula) family Primroses are rhizomatous herbaceous low perennial plants that bloom mainly in spring, although there are some summer-flowering species. Whole wrinkled leaves have a slight edge; they form a basal rosette. Flowering stems do not have leaves. The flowers come in a surprisingly diverse range of colors, sometimes in two or even three colors. They are located singly on peduncles or form various inflorescences. After flowering, a capsule fruit with small dark brown seeds is formed. All species reproduce well by seed, and many by dividing the bush. You can find out more about caring for primroses.

This flower is distributed all over the world, therefore it has many species, more than four hundred. In almost every country it is shrouded in legends and myths and is considered medicinal and mystical. For their early flowering, primroses are called spring primroses, for their wavy, pubescent leaves - “rams”, and also “keys”, since the inflorescence resembles a bunch of small keys.

In the spring, missing warmth and flowers, we greet bulbous primroses with special tenderness and joy. The largest of...

Classifications of primroses

Although primroses have been well studied and described by botanists, their enormous diversity makes classification quite difficult.

A single universal classification has not yet been created. Officially, the genus primrose is divided into 7 subgenera: Sphondylia, Auricullastrum, Primula, Auganthus, Carolinella, Aleuritia, Craibia.

These plants differ from each other in shape, size, color of flowers and leaves, type of inflorescences, flowering dates, that is, morphological characteristics. On this basis, 23 (sometimes 30 or 38) sections or groups were identified.

The English Royal Horticultural Society has compiled its own, easier-to-use classification, which divides primroses into 3 large groups.

For practical use, flower growers have divided them into groups based on the shape of the inflorescences and their location.

Let us briefly consider these classification options.

Classification according to morphological characteristics

As we have already indicated above, the classification of primroses according to external characteristics distinguishes 23-38 sections. Let's consider only those species that can be grown in our country (approximately in the middle zone).

1. Powdery primrose

Mealy primrose (Primula fariaosa, Aleuritia). A characteristic feature of this group is the presence of a white or yellow coating on the plants. Small flowers form umbrella inflorescences. These are moisture-loving plants that require little shelter for the winter and are short-lived. This section includes more than 80 species.

Powdery primrose
Primrose Hallera

Let's name just a few of them. This is a native of the Balkans, dense-leaved primrose (Primula frondosa), originally from the Alpine and Carpathian mountains, Haller's primrose (Primula halleri), mealy primrose (Primula fariaosa) grows in the Far East, the north of the European part of Russia, the north of Mongolia and in the mountains of Western Europe.

2. Primrose OREOPHLOMIS

Primrose pink

Primrose OREOPHLOMIS (Primula Oreophlomis) - this section includes low, early-flowering species. Distinctive features of this group are smooth leaves with a serrated edge and bright pink flowers with a small yellow eye.

The group most clearly represents the pink primrose (Primula rosea). Lover of wet soils from the Himalayas. Young leaves with serrated edges have a bronze tint, but gradually become light green. The peduncles are short and at first it seems that the flowers lie on the leaves, but gradually grow to 15 cm. Small (about 1 cm) pink flowers bloom in May.

On sale you can find the Rosea Grandiflora variety with large flowers.

3. Primrose auricula

Primrose auricula, or auriculastrum (Primula Auricula, Auriculastrum) - this section includes 21 species native to Europe. These are low-growing plants with dense leaves, the stems and flowers are covered with a white powdery coating. The color of the buds can be lilac, yellow, pink or purple, sometimes with a white eye.

Let's present several types.

Primula auricula or ear primula (Primula auricula) - grows in the mountain meadows of southern Europe. The leaves are dense, dark green, with barely noticeable teeth along the edge, and can reach 20 cm. Traditionally, the flowers are yellow (up to 3 cm), but the hybrids amaze with the variety of colors and their combinations; there are multi-flowered varieties, as well as with contrasting eyes. All this floral splendor is collected in an umbrella at the top of the stem (10-25 cm). Long flowering April-June. May have several peduncles. The leaves and flowers are richly “powdered”.

Terry ear primrose Сrimson Glow
Terry primrose Susannah
Terry ear primrose Jupp

This species has many varieties. In addition to the gorgeous flower, the orange-yellow variety Jupp has a delicate aroma. Reminiscent of small roses, terry primula aurica. Very beautiful with dense dark cherry flowers Сrimson Glow, soft pink with a light yellow base Susannah. An unusual Max variety, its flowers are black in the shade and take on a cherry hue in the sun.

Primrose pubescent Rubin

The pubescent primrose (Primula pubescens) is a section of large-flowered hybrids, in the selection of which the auricular, hairy (P. Villosa), sticky (P. Viscosa), and coarse-haired primroses (P. Hirsuta) took part. This group is divided into three subgroups: Belgian, English and terry auricles. They differ in the color of the eye and the presence of plaque.

Velvet ruby-cherry flower with a large yellow center in the Rubin variety, white-cream with a yellow eye in the White variety, light purple also with a yellow eye in the Violeta variety.

This section also includes small primroses (Primula minima), Delecluse (Primula clusiana), hairy primula (Primula villosa), Carniolian (Primula carniolica), stiff-haired (Primula hirsuta), edged (Primula marginata).

Primula hairy
Primrose Delescluze
Primrose carniolian

4. Cortus primroses

Corthusoid primroses (Primula Corthusoides) - unite residents of Europe, Siberia, Japan, Korea, and China. These species do not have a powdery coating, they have funnel-shaped flowers and petiolate leaves. This section includes the following types.

Primula corthusoides is our West Siberian beauty. The leaves are oval-oblong with teeth along the edge, covered with long hairs, located on long petioles. The peduncle (from 10 to 40 cm) is also pubescent. At its top the flowers are collected in a multi-flowered umbrella. The pinkish-purple petals have a deep groove in the middle. Blooms at the end of May and blooms until the end of June.

Siebold's primrose (Primula sieboldii) is a native of Japan. It is distinguished by very decorative leaves, which, due to the special shape of the teeth along the edge, appear wavy. Multi-flowered umbrellas of various colors are located on peduncles 15-20 cm long. It blooms for a long time (almost 2 months) starting from the end of April. Thanks to its well-branched rhizomes, it grows quickly.

Primula Siebold Aoyagizome
Primrose Siebold Shibori Gasane

Of the original varieties, I would like to note the white variety with rare light green spots, the Aoyagizome variety, and the white variety Shibori Gasane with pink frequent streaks. The flowers of the Trade Winds variety series look like carved snowflakes.

This group also includes rock primrose (Primula saxatilis), rejected (Primula patens), polyneura (Primula polyneura).

5. Toothed primroses

Toothed primroses (Primula Denticulaia) - this section includes two species.

Primula capitata Salvana

Primrose capitata (Primula capitata) - this species is common in Tibet and India. The leaves are oblong with a blunt apex, wrinkled, collected in a basal rosette. On a peduncle (15-30 cm), a capitate inflorescence is formed from small velvet-purple flowers. The entire plant is “powdered” with a white coating. Blooms almost all summer. In our area it is used mainly as an annual plant.

Has decorative varieties such as Noverna Deep Blue, Salvana.

Primrose fine-toothed

Fine-toothed primrose (Primula denticulata) - differs from other species by its pretty ball-shaped inflorescences, consisting of small flowers of a traditional lilac color. The flower stalks grow constantly: at first they are only 2-3 cm, but gradually, by the middle of flowering they reach 20 cm, and at the end of the season even 30 cm. The whole plant is “powdered” with a yellowish coating. Serrated primrose begins to bloom in April and lasts for more than a month. Self-sows and overwinters well.

Fine-toothed primrose is represented by various decorative varieties. Dense balls of small flowers with tiny yellow eyes are deep pink in Deep Rose, lilac-blue in Cashmeriana, deep crimson in Rubra. Primrose "Alba" will delight you with small white clouds.

Has the primrose fine-toothed variety series. For example, Corolla, “Pon-pon” consist of different colors (white, purple, red).

6. Primrose Julia

Primrose Julia (Julia) - this section includes actually one species. Primrose Průgonica is often included in this group.

Primula Julia (Primula juliae) comes from Eastern Transcaucasia. This is a miniature plant (10 cm). The leaves are oval, with rounded teeth along the edge, located on long petioles. Lilac-violet flowers (up to 3 cm) are located one at a time at the top of the peduncle. They have a rather long flower tube (2 cm) and a deep groove in the middle of the petal. It blooms early in April and lasts for more than a month.

Primrose Julia Sneeuwwitje
Primrose Julia Riga-6

There are many varieties and hybrids of this species. Popular variety Sneeuwwitje with snow-white petals and a lemon eye. The pleasant lilac-blue color contrasts well with the yellow eye of the hybrid variety Blue Julianas. An old but very attractive variety, Riga-6, the warmth of spring is reflected in its rich pink petals and yellow-orange center.

Pruhonician primrose (Primula pruhoniciana) is a hybrid of Julia primrose (Primula juliae) and other species. For example, raspberry-violet with a bright yellow eye Wanda.

7. Primrose muscarioides

Primrose muscarioides is a section of plants native to Tibet and the Himalayas. They are most often grown as biennials. Their distinctive feature is their long, pointed inflorescences, which are uncharacteristic of primroses.

Vial primrose or orchid primrose (Primula vialii) - this species is quite difficult to take root in our climate, but it is worth a little effort. The leaves are long, lanceolate (up to 30 cm), with teeth along the edge and very weak pubescence. The peduncle is covered with a powdery coating and grows up to 20 cm (in our area up to 15 cm). The inflorescence, somewhat reminiscent of a small ear of corn, consists of many rich red buds, which, gradually blooming (from bottom to top), turn into soft lilac flowers with a pleasant light scent. Flowering continues from June to July.

This group also includes the muscarian primrose (Primula muscarioides). This summer-flowering species is very rare in our country.

8. Primrose

Primrose (Primula) - this section with a general name includes species of European and Asia Minor origin, which completely lack powdery coating. Plants of this group are very common in decorative floriculture.

Primula tall - plants native to central Europe and the Carpathian Mountains. The oval-oblong leaves look wrinkled due to depressed veins. Leaf blade (from 5 to 20 cm) with a serrated edge and sparse hairs. The peduncle is slightly pubescent (10-35 cm). Small yellow flowers with a dark center form a slightly drooping umbrella inflorescence. Flowering continues for about two months, starting in mid-April. Hybrids have larger flowers and incredibly varied colors.

Primrose tall Piano Rose Bicolor
Primrose high Victoriana Gold Lace Black

Now this species has many variety series. For example, “Piano” includes Piano Red, Blue, White, Yellow, Orange, Fire, and even the beautiful bicolor pink and yellow Piano Rose Bicolor. Thanks to its tall peduncles, the primrose "Erfurt giants" ("Big Ben") is even suitable for cutting.

Of the hybrids, I would like to note the so-called “lace” varieties - “Queen’s Lace”, Silver Lace Black, Victoriana Gold Lace Black. The rather dark petals of these varieties are framed by a thin whitish border, so the inflorescences appear delicate.

Polyantha primrose, or multi-flowered primrose (Primula poliantha) - this species is very similar to tall primrose (Primula elatior), only its flowers are much larger (about 5-6 cm), flowering occurs later (late May-June), there is a pleasant aroma. This species is much more tender and can freeze out in winter, so a large number of such hybrids are grown as potted crops.

Primula polyanthus "Francesca"

The Blue Jeans variety is very popular; its white petals are densely filled with blue veins. The Faye variety series stands out for its striking combination of shades, and the SuperNova variety series stands out for its very early flowering. One of the most original hybrid varieties is “Francesca”, the owner of corrugated flowers of a lemon-green hue with a yellow eye.

Spring primrose (Primula veris) is an exclusively European species, which in the old days was called forest or medicinal primrose; it is still used for medicinal purposes. The leaves are oval, wrinkled (with depressed veins), uneven teeth along the edge make them slightly wavy. The lower part of the leaf may be slightly pubescent. The bright yellow flower with an orange center has a long calyx. The flowers at the top of the slightly hairy peduncle form a one-sided umbrella. Blooms from April to June. Numerous varieties have a wide variety of colors and can also be double. Spring primrose is a very unpretentious species, however, it requires pollination by insects.

Spring primrose
Spring primrose

For example, golden sun splashes are reminiscent of the yellow flowers of the Cabrillo Yellow variety, and the “Spring Palette” variety mixture will delight you with joyful colors.

Common or stemless primrose (Primula vulgaris/acaulis) - grows in the south of our country and Europe. The leaves are oval, elongated (5-25 cm), wrinkled. At the top of the low peduncles (6-20 cm) there are single flowers, most often yellow, sometimes white with a purple center. The petals resemble a heart divided into two halves. This species blooms actively, so the plants look very attractive. Primula acaulis has many hybrids that have amazing colors, but are less resistant to weather conditions.

Primula stemless Blue Zebra

Primula stemless "Potsdam giants" stands out among others with large flowers on a very small bush (15 cm). And terry primrose “Primlet” looks like bouquets of cute little roses in stunningly beautiful colors. The flowers of the terry variety series “Rosanna” are a little reminiscent of azaleas. The Blue Zebra variety has a very original color - a bright contrast of a golden-yellow eye with striped blue-white petals.

Primula acaulis is very often used for growing at home.

This section also includes large-cup primrose (Primula macrocalyx), lovely (Primula amoena), Pallas (Primula pallasii), Voronova (Primula woronowii), Komarov (Primula komarovii), Ruprecht (Primula ruprechtii), Abkhazian (Primula abchasica), Sibtorpa ( Primula Sibthorpii).

Primrose is lovely
Primula macrocalyx

Primrose Sibthorpe
Primula Komarova

9. Primrose candelabra

Candelabra primroses (Proliferae, Candelabra) - this section contains residents of Japan, China, India and other countries in this region. These plants are very beautiful and are summer bloomers. They grow well in our climate, but require careful shelter for the winter. Most often they are used as biennials, but if you create comfortable conditions for them, you can also grow them as perennials. They often give good self-seeding.

Primula Byssa
Primrose Bullea

Primula Bulleyana (Primula bulleyana) is a native of China, its peduncle reaches 50 cm, and the leaf blade is 40 cm. The leaves are elongated, jagged along the edge. On a tall peduncle in several tiers (from 5 to 7) there are small orange-yellow flowers.

The Byss primrose (Primula beesiana) and the powdered primrose (Primula pulverulenta) are very similar, only they are slightly larger with crimson flowers, and the latter type has a powdery coating.

Japanese primrose (Primula japonica) - this beauty can be used for cutting. Its peduncle (30-50 cm) seems to be decorated with bright crimson bracelets. Flowering begins in May from the lower tiers and lasts about 2 months.

Japanese Primrose Apple Blossom
Japanese primrose Miller's Crimson

Japanese primrose is also used in indoor floriculture as a potted crop.

The delicate apple color is reminiscent of Apple Blossom, while Miller's Crimson has deep crimson flowers with a large cherry center.

Cockburn's primrose (Primula coekburniana) also belongs to this group, but is very rarely grown in our area.

As you can see, this is a rather complex classification and it is not always convenient for an amateur gardener to use it.

Classification of the English Royal Horticultural Society

This is a more simplified version of the classification.

Group-1. Ear-shaped primroses (auricula) and all kinds of their hybrids. This group is divided into 4 subgroups.

Primula aurica

Border (flower bed) varieties are the hardiest and most resistant varieties of this group. Thanks to the strong flower stalks, they can withstand bad weather well. Their compact habit makes it possible to create low flowering borders from them, and the wide palette of colors makes them popular in the design of flower beds. May have a slight powdery coating.

Alpine auricula are also well suited for outdoor cultivation. All of them are brightly colored. The middle and tube must be the same color. Flowers with a white center tend to have petals in the violet-blue range, while if the center is golden yellow, the petals may be in the reddish-brown range. May have a light border. This subgroup does not have a powdery coating on the flowers.

Terry primrose is stunningly beautiful, but it requires more attention and care. However, it does well in flower beds with proper care.

Exhibition varieties are hybrid, rather demanding and delicate varieties. For the most part, the flowers are covered with a powdery powdery coating, which makes them very original. However, bad weather (rain and wind) greatly damages this bloom (farina), so in Europe these show varieties are grown under cover or at home. In addition, some of them cannot winter in open ground.

Group-2. Primrose polyanthus. This group includes 2 subgroups.

Polyantha primroses. This includes all complex hybrids involving multifloral and tall primroses.

Spring primroses, common primroses, Julias, as well as all sorts of them.

Group-3. Candelabra primroses. This group combines species with tiered inflorescences. These are Japanese, Byssa and Bulleya, as well as all their varieties.

Primula vulgare
Japanese primrose

This classification includes the most common species and varieties of primroses in decorative floriculture.

Classification by shape and arrangement of inflorescences

This is the simplest and most convenient classification for amateur gardeners, which allows you to choose varieties for flower beds that are suitable in habit and shape.

Cushion-shaped. This group includes species with single flowers on low peduncles; they rise only slightly above the “cushion” of leaves. The most popular in decorative floriculture from this group are the common primrose, small primrose, Yulia, and Voronova.

Umbrella-shaped. In this group, the inflorescences form a one-sided or rounded umbrella on peduncles up to 20 cm. The most popular types of primrose are tall, polyanthus, auricular, spring, pink, rejected and all their hybrids.

Globular or capitate. The globular primrose forms a dense capitate inflorescence, which looks like a decorative ball on a stem that grows during flowering. This includes primrose fine-toothed, capitate and their varieties.

Candelabra or tiered. The inflorescences of this group are arranged in tiers on a tall, strong peduncle, reminiscent of ancient candelabra candlesticks. In our climate, Japanese primrose, Bullea, Byssus and powdered primrose are used.

Florinda's Primrose
Primrose sikkim

Campanulaceae. This group has a drooping inflorescence of bell-shaped yellow flowers at the top of a strong peduncle. The group is small, but planting these plants is possible along the banks of reservoirs and in poorly drained areas. These are Sikkim primrose (Primula sikkimensis) and Florinda primrose (Primula florindae).

The garden has been known to people since the era of the most ancient civilizations. However, most often these were open gardens. Winter Garden -…

Indoor primroses

We examined the garden primrose and its classifications. However, it should be noted that some species of this plant in our climate are grown as potted crops. Among them, the most common are Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis), Kyus primrose (Primula kewensis), malacoides primrose (Primula malacoides), obconical primrose (Primula obconica) and soft primrose (Primula malacoides).

Primrose obverse conical

For example, Chinese in open ground blooms in May-June, and at home - from December to March.

Perennial primrose is very diverse and beautiful. And the classifications we have considered will help you choose the variety that is suitable specifically for your garden. An educational video will complement the information.