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Presentation on the topic: France

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Basic facts: France, the official name of the French Republic (fr. France, République française) is a state in Western Europe. The capital is the city of Paris. France also has overseas territories in the Americas, the West Indies, the Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. The name of the country comes from the ethnonym of the Germanic tribe - the Franks. The population is 64.5 million people, including over 90% - the French. At present, there is a trend towards more intensive population growth than in the 19th century. Believers are predominantly Catholics (over 76%). The legislature is a bicameral parliament (the Senate and the National Assembly). Administrative-territorial division: 26 regions (22 in the metropolis and 4 overseas regions), including 100 departments (96 in the metropolis and 4 overseas departments). 4 Overseas regions include one department each

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Geographical position France in the west and north is washed by the Atlantic Ocean (the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel), in the south - by the Mediterranean Sea (the Gulf of Lion and the Ligurian Sea). In the southwest it borders with Spain and the dwarf principality of Andorra, in the southeast - with the dwarf principality of Monaco and Italy, in the east - with Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. Western and northern regions of France - plains (Paris basin and others) and low mountains; in the center and in the east - medium-altitude mountains (Central French Massif, Vosges, Jura). In the southwest - the Pyrenees, in the southeast - the Alps (the highest point in France and Western Europe - Mont Blanc, 4807 m). The climate is maritime temperate, transitional to continental in the east, subtropical Mediterranean on the Mediterranean coast. Average January temperatures 1-8°C, July 17-24°C; rainfall 600-1000 mm per year, in the mountains in some places 2000 mm or more. Large rivers: Seine, Rhone, Loire, Garonne, in the east - part of the Rhine. About 27% of the territory is occupied under the forest (mainly broad-leaved, in the south - evergreen forests).

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Population of the country Population: 1987 - 55.5 million people. 1998 - 58.5 million people 2005 - 60.8 million people 2008 - 61.9 million people About 5 million people are of foreign origin (that is, they are immigrants or their parents or grandparents were immigrants), of which 2 million already have French citizenship. About 3.7 million inhabitants (6.3%) are Muslims (). The total fertility rate in France is one of the highest in Europe - 2.0 children per woman. At the same time, the highest birth rate is observed among immigrants. It is curious that, thanks to the policy of encouraging the birth rate, in immigrant families, the birth rate after arrival in France becomes higher than before arrival.

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The modern coat of arms of France is a lictor bundle with an ax and laurel and oak branches. The old royal coat of arms was a crowned shield with three lilies. Since some kings sometimes connected two crowns, French and Navarre, and Henry IV did this completely, the coat of arms had two shields. On the second was the symbol of Navarre - crossed chains. A complicated image could have shield holders - laurel branches

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Red and blue have long been considered the colors of Paris (and the revolutionaries took advantage of this on the day of the storming of the Bastille), and white was the color of the French monarchy. Having first appeared in 1790, the French tricolor was then slightly modified (originally the red color was at the staff, that is, on the left) and redesigned in 1794.

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Administrative division: France is divided into 26 regions (régions), of which 21 are located on the European continent, one ("Corsica") - on the island of Corsica, and four more - in overseas territories. The regions do not have legal autonomy, but they can set their own taxes and budget. 26 regions are divided into 100 departments (départements), consisting of 342 districts (arrondissements) and 4039 cantons (cantons). France is based on 36,682 communes. The division into departments and communes is comparable to the division of Russia into regions and districts. The department of Paris consists of a single commune. The four overseas regions (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion) each consist of a single department. The region of Corsica (including 2 departments) has a special status of an administrative-territorial entity, different from other regions of the metropolis (continental France). All these regions are part of the European Union.

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Economy of the country: France is the 6th economic power in the world after the USA, Japan, Germany, China and Great Britain. With a metropolitan area of ​​551,602 km² and 64 million inhabitants, including overseas territories, France cannot be considered a "major" country in the world. And meanwhile, her economic weight allows her to play major roles on the international stage. France enjoys its natural advantages, ranging from the central geographical position in Europe to having access to the main commercial routes of Western Europe: the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic ...

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Economy of the country: France is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country, it occupies one of the leading places in the world in terms of industrial production. Gross national product per capita - $22,320 per year. Extraction of iron and uranium ores, bauxites. The leading sectors of the manufacturing industry are engineering, including automotive, electrical and electronic (TV sets, washing machines and others), aviation, shipbuilding (tankers, sea ferries) and machine tool building. France is one of the world's largest producers of chemical and petrochemical products (including caustic soda, synthetic rubber, plastics, mineral fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and others), ferrous and non-ferrous (aluminum, lead and zinc) metals. French clothing, shoes, jewelry, perfumes and cosmetics, cognacs, cheeses (about 400 varieties are produced) are very famous on the world market. France is one of the largest producers of agricultural products in Europe, occupies one of the leading places in the world in terms of the number of cattle, pigs, poultry and the production of milk, eggs, and meat. The main branch of agriculture is meat and dairy cattle breeding. Grain farming predominates in crop production; the main crops are wheat, barley, corn. Viticulture (the leading place in the world in the production of wines), vegetable growing and horticulture are developed; floriculture. Fishing and oyster farming. Export: engineering products, including transport equipment (about 14% of the value), cars (7%), agricultural and food products (17%; one of the leading European exporters), chemical products and semi-finished products, etc. Foreign tourism.

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FRANCE FLAG

Coat of arms of France

is one of the largest European countries. The territory of France is 552 thousand sq. km. More than half of the perimeter is maritime borders washed by the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Paris

Paris has been the capital of France since the 10th century. n. uh .

The population of France is 57.2 million people.

4th place in Europe!

The relief is predominantly flat.

The climate is moderate.

CHAMONI

The French Alps are the highest mountains in Western Europe and the world's largest winter sports center. The most popular resorts are Chamonix and Courchevel, Val d'Isère and Tignes in Val Thorens, Les Deux Alpes, La Plagne, Megeve, Meribel, etc. Chamonix is ​​the oldest winter resort in the world, located at the foot of Mont Blanc.

Industry

France

4th place in terms of industrial output.

Energy

Nuclear power

Tidal power plant La Rance (La Rance), France.

metallurgy

Lorraine Basin

mechanical engineering

France is the fourth largest car manufacturer in the world and the second largest in Europe (after Germany). The main manufacturers are Renault and Peugeot (which includes Citroen).

Agriculture

Animal husbandry - 2/3 of marketable products.

WINEMAKING

More than one third of the wines produced in the EU countries are made in France, which is Europe's largest supplier of wine. Varieties of wine range from conventional table wines, produced mainly in the Languedoc in southern France, to higher-grade products from the vineyards of Bordeaux, Burgundy, Reims (where champagne is made), the Rhone Valley and Alsace.

CHEESES

France is also famous for producing numerous varieties of cheese.

HIGH-FASHION

French names Chanel (Chanel), Dior (Dior), Yves Saint Laurent (Yves Saint-Laurent) are known all over the world

PERFUMES AND COSMETICS

French cosmetics and perfumes are recognizable everywhere and appreciated all over the world.

Marseilles. Major port city on the Mediterranean coast of France

NORMANDY

Normandy is famous for the beauty of its harsh coasts, shady forests and prestigious resorts - Deauville, Dieppe, Le Touc, Cabourg, etc.

NICE

Nice is the "capital" of the Côte d'Azur, spread out on the shores of the Baye des Anges ("Bay of Angels"), surrounded by the foothills of the Alpes-Maritimes.

CORSICA

Corsica is a French island in the Mediterranean Sea with an unusual landscape .

France French Republic France - the official name of the French Republic is a state in Western Europe. The motto of the Republic is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity", "The motto of the Republic is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity", its principle is the rule of the people, by the people and for the people, its principle is the rule of the people, by the people and for the people." The capital is the city of Paris. Flag of France Coat of arms of France

France France is a nuclear power and one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. Since the 1950s, France has been one of the states participating in the creation of the European Union. Treaty of Verdun exists since 1958 The Fifth Republic The country was founded in 843 (Treaty of Verdun), at this time - since 1958 the Fifth Republic exists.

64.7 million predominantly Catholic Population 64.7 million (January 2010), including about 90 percent French citizens. Believers are predominantly Catholics (over 76 percent). French ParisToulouseMarseilleBordeauxLyonLille The official language is French, the largest cities are Paris, Toulouse, Marseille, Bordeaux, Lyon, Lille.

Revolutions and restorations coats of arms and flags rooster Phrygian cap Freedom of the Great French Revolution Numerous revolutions and restorations constantly changed coats of arms and flags. The national symbol of the French has always been a rooster, often called the Gallic one. Another famous French symbol is the Phrygian cap, known since ancient Rome. Denoting freedom, it became widespread during the French Revolution.

France is a sovereign unitary democratic republic of the Fifth Republic with a presidential-parliamentary form of government. France is a sovereign unitary democratic republic. The current Constitution, adopted on October 4, 1958, regulates the functioning of the authorities of the Fifth Republic: it establishes a republican presidential-parliamentary form of government. The head of state is the president The head of government is the prime minister The head of state is the president, elected for a term of five years. The head of government is the prime minister. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the President in consultation with the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in a bicameral parliament elected by popular vote.

In general, France is one of the few countries whose armed forces have an almost complete range of modern weapons and military equipment of their own production, from small arms to attack nuclear aircraft carriers. The military personnel, which includes all units, is about 270 thousand people. The republic has a contract system of service and there is no military duty. The military personnel, which includes all units, is about 270 thousand people.

A great power At present, France is one of the most important actors in world politics, it can undoubtedly be called the "great power" of the modern world. European Union France is one of the founding members of the European Union (since 1957) and now plays an active role in determining its policies. UNESCO Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Interpol International Bureau of Weights and Measures France hosts the headquarters of organizations such as UNESCO (Paris), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Paris), Interpol (Lyon), International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM) (Sevres). world and regional international organizations France is a member of many world and regional international organizations.

65.4 million people. The population of France is 65.4 million people. 116 people/km². The population density is 116 people/km². According to this indicator, the country ranks 14th among the countries of the European Union and 14th among the countries of the European Union. The total fertility rate in France is one of the highest in Europe, at 2.01 children per woman of reproductive age.

There are 57 urban settlements in France with a population of more than 100 people. The largest of them are: Paris Paris 9.6 million people; Lille Lille 1.7 million people; Marseille Marseille 1.3 million people; Toulouse Toulouse 1 million people 10.1% of the population are of foreign origin (that is, they were not French citizens at the time of birth), of which 4.3% received French citizenship.

Mining of iron and uranium ores, bauxite. The leading sectors of the manufacturing industry are mechanical engineering, including automotive, electrical and electronic (TV sets, washing machines, etc.), aviation, shipbuilding (tankers, sea ferries) and machine tool building. France is one of the world's largest producers of chemical and petrochemical products (including caustic soda, synthetic rubber, plastics, mineral fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and others), ferrous and non-ferrous (aluminum, lead and zinc) metals. French clothing, shoes, jewelry, perfumes and cosmetics, cognacs, cheeses (about 400 varieties are produced) are very famous on the world market.

In France, there are about 475 airports, the length of roads, kilometers, 475 airports, and the total length of roads, km. The French railway network is kilometers long, and is the longest railway network among the countries of Western Europe. Metro Metro in France is available in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse, Rennes.

France is the most visited country in the world France is the most visited country in the world (in terms of the number of visiting foreigners); Paris is the most touristic city; The Eiffel Tower is the most visited and popular attraction in the world, which means that France is the undisputed champion of world tourism. a wide variety of landscapes, long lines of ocean and sea coasts, a temperate climate, many different monuments, as well as the prestige of French culture, cuisine and lifestyle. What no doubt attracts visitors to France is the great variety of landscapes, long lines of ocean and sea coasts, temperate climate, many different monuments, as well as the prestige of French culture, cuisine and lifestyle.

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The presentation was prepared by: students of grade 9 A Pasevich.P, Mironov.E, Levdansky.A, Aleksandrov.P, Lazovik.L of Minsk Secondary School No. 68 On the topic: France

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Oh, children of the motherland, forward! The day of our glory has come; An army of tyrants is coming against us, Raising the bloody banner! Do you hear these cries among the fields of the ferocious Soldiers? They promise, ominously wild, Murders of women and children. To arms, citizens! Join the ranks you! Let the blood of the enemy Get drunk on our fields! What does she need, a horde of slaves, And these kings to the union? Prepare the shame of their chains They have long been a Frenchman! Yes, that's for us! What a disgrace! Great anger burns in the hearts: Who dares to start talking about our slavery? And at the end of the project, we will execute it for you

Anthem of France

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Flag of France

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State in Western Europe. The mainland of the country (Hexagon - "Hexagon", as the French themselves often call it) in the northeast Located in the temperate zone in the north-west of the Padnaya margin of Non-Eurasia

Geographic location

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In the north and west of the country there are flat areas and low mountains. Plains make up 2/3 of the total area. The main mountain ranges are: the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Jura, the Ardennes, the Massif Central and the Vosges

Relief and geological structure

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Minerals of France The subsoil of France is rich in various minerals. Among the countries of Western Europe, France occupies a leading position in terms of reserves of uranium, iron ore, lithium, niobium, and tantalum. Significant reserves of bauxite, gold, tin, fluorite, barite, talc, etc. have been explored

Minerals

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The climate in the European territory of France is moderately maritime, turning in the east into temperate continental, and on the south coast into subtropical. In total, three types of climate can be distinguished: oceanic (in the west), Mediterranean (in the south), and continental (in the center and east). Summer is quite hot and dry - the average temperature in July reaches + 23-25 ​​degrees, while rains are typical for the winter months at an air temperature of + 7-8 °C.

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All the rivers of France, with the exception of some overseas territories, belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, and for the most part originate in the Massif Central, the Alps and the Pyrenees. The largest water arteries of the country:

Inland waters

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Botanical Garden of Rouen Palace and Park Complex of Versailles Arboretum Harcourt Park Andre Citroen

Landscape

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State French. On the outskirts of the country they speak Basque, Catalan, dialects of Italian, German, Flemish and Breton

Population French Germans Swiss

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The population of France is about 65 million people. 60,876,136 people live on the French mainland. In terms of population, France ranks 20th among 192 UN member states. The population density in France is 108 people per 1 km². According to this indicator, France ranks 14th among the countries of the European Union. However, since almost two-thirds of the territory of France is occupied by meadows, mountains and forests, in the rest of the territory the density reaches 289 people per 1 km².

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About 48% Catholic, 15% Protestant, 1.3% Jewish and 4.5% Muslim

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The country is included in the group of the most economically developed country in the world. Its economy is comparable in size and has a post-industrial structure: the service sector accounts for 2/3 of their GDP. In the diversified industry, the leading role is played by: Complex and high-tech engineering, chemistry of organic synthesis.

economy

Power industry

Light engineering Chemical

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Mining of iron and uranium ores, bauxite. The leading branches of the manufacturing industry are mechanical engineering, including automotive, electrical and electronic (TV sets, washing machines, etc.), aviation, shipbuilding (tankers, sea ferries) and machine tool building

Industry

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PERFUMES AND COSMETICS

French cosmetics and perfumes are recognizable everywhere and appreciated all over the world.

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CARS

France is the fourth largest car manufacturer in the world and the second largest in Europe (after Germany). The main manufacturers are Renault and Peugeot (which includes Citroen).

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Energy

Every year, France consumes about 220 million tons of various types of fuel, while nuclear power plants play a significant role in energy production, the number of which is 59, which produce more than 80% of the electricity in the country. The entire French electricity grid is subordinated to the state-owned company Électricité de France (EDF). France's hydroelectric network is the largest in Europe. About 500 hydroelectric power stations are located on its territory. France's hydroelectric power plants generate 20,000 MW of power.

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metallurgy

Ferrous metallurgy serves as the basis for the development of machine building (one third of the metal cast from the blast furnace goes into machine building) and construction (1/4 of the metal goes into construction).

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Engineering

Mechanical engineering in the country provides 40% of the value of the products of the secondary industry

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Chemical industry

France has developed the production of mineral fertilizers, synthetic rubber and plastics

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Agriculture

France is one of the largest producers of agricultural products in Europe, occupies one of the leading places in the world in terms of the number of cattle, pigs, poultry and the production of milk, eggs, meat

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Agriculture accounts for approximately 4% of GDP and 6% of the country's working population. French agricultural products account for 25% of EU production

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Agricultural land covers an area of ​​48 million hectares, which represents 82% of the metropolitan area. A characteristic feature of the socio-economic structure is the rather small size of farms. The average land area is 28 hectares, which exceeds the corresponding figures for many EU countries

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Transport in France

Rail transport Rail transport in France is very developed. Local and night trains, including TGV - high-speed trains) connect the capital with all major cities in the country, as well as with neighboring European countries. The speed of these trains is 320 km/h.

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Automobile communication

Automobile communication The road network covers the entire territory of the country quite densely. The total length of roads is 951,500 km. The main roads of France are divided into the following groups: Motorways - the name of the road is composed of the letter A followed by the road number

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Air transport

France is one of the world's largest manufacturers of weapons: aircraft, missile weapons, warships, armored vehicles and electronics.

There are about 475 airports in France. 295 of them have paved or concrete runways, and the remaining 180 are unpaved (2008 data). The largest French airport - Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport, is located in the suburbs of Paris. The national French carrier Air France operates flights to almost all countries of the world.

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It is also impossible not to notice that the famous film taxi was filmed in this city for all of us 1 2 3 4

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Tourism in France represents an important aspect of the country's economy. Since the 1990s, France has been at the top of the list of the most touristic places in the world. Only a small part of the tourists is on French territory passing through (for example, vacationers and holidaymakers from Northern Europe heading to Spain), most of them come to France for their holidays. To these must be added that part of the French population who prefers to spend their holidays in France.

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The tourist attraction of France is due to the large number of attractions for every taste, the variety of landscapes, the wealth of historical and artistic heritage, the temperate climate and ease of transport access, as well as the proper tourist services (hospitality, amusement parks) and transport infrastructures.

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attractions in france

DISNEYLAND

Eurodisneyland is located 32 km from Paris in the town of Marne-la-Valle and attracts the largest number of visitors. This is the largest amusement park in Europe (1943 hectares). Hundreds of rides, parades and shows operate here every day, a real train runs, pirate frigates and a Mark Twain-era steamboat sail, geysers smoke and volcanoes “explode”, treasure caves, tunnels and suspension bridges open, and many wild animals “live” and fairy tale characters, from Snow White and Quasimodo to the heroes of Indiana Jones and Star Wars Lucas.

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Avignon. Papal Palace on the banks of the Rhone. Place of captivity of the popes in the 14th century.

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Lille. Place Charles de Gaulle

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STRASBOURG

Strasbourg, "the capital of a united Europe", is located on the border with Germany. The city absorbed the influence of French and German cultures into its appearance, acquiring its own pronounced individuality. The historic center of Strasbourg is located on an island (taken under the auspices of UNESCO in 1988) formed by the river Ill and canals. The monumental Gothic Cathedral of Notre Dame is the highest church in Europe (height 142 m). Near the Orangerie Park, a new symbol of the city rises - a complex of buildings of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights and the Palace of Europe, occupying an area of ​​220 thousand square meters. m.

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CASTLES OF LOIRE

Chateau de Chambord, the largest castle in the Loire. Construction was carried out in 1526-1544 by order of King Francis I. The castle has 440 rooms, 365 fireplaces, 63 stairs.

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FOOTBALL The French love football. The French national team was World Champion in 1998, European Champion in 2000.