Presentation on the topic "consequences of environmental pollution." Ocean pollution environmental consequences for humans presentation on Blaschko Lines: characterized by strange stripes throughout the body

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Atmospheric air is a vital component of the environment, which is a natural mixture of gases in the surface layer of the atmosphere outside residential, industrial and other premises, formed during the evolution of the Earth. At the Earth's surface, the air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and less than 1% argon. The air may contain insignificant amounts of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium, neon and other elements.

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Air quality is determined by the ratio of certain substances in its composition. Air quality affects human health, the state of flora and fauna, the strength and durability of any structures, buildings, structures.

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Atmospheric pollution is the process of introducing into the air or the formation in it of physical agents, chemicals or organisms that adversely affect the living environment or cause damage to material values

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The main natural sources of air pollution are natural pollutants of mineral, plant or microbiological origin, which include volcanic eruptions, forest and steppe fires, dust, pollen, animal excretions, etc.)

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Artificial (anthropogenic) sources of air pollution can be divided into several groups: - Transport - pollutants generated during the operation of road, rail, air, sea and river transport; - Industrial - pollutants generated as emissions during technological processes, heating; - Household - pollutants caused by the combustion of fuel in the residential sector and the processing of household waste.

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According to the sources of pollution, two types of atmospheric pollution are distinguished: natural from human activity. By the nature of the pollutant, atmospheric pollution is of three types: physical - mechanical (dust, solid particles), radioactive (radioactive radiation and isotopes), electromagnetic (various types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves), noise (various loud sounds and low-frequency vibrations) and thermal pollution (for example, emissions of warm air, etc.) chemical - pollution by gaseous substances and aerosols. Today, the main chemical pollutants of atmospheric air are: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr), ammonia, atmospheric dust and radioactive isotopes, biological - mainly microbial pollution nature. For example, air pollution with vegetative forms and spores of bacteria and fungi, viruses, as well as their toxins and waste products.

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Currently, there are many tens of thousands of pollutants of anthropogenic origin in the surface atmosphere. Due to the continued growth of industrial and agricultural production, new chemical compounds are emerging, including highly toxic ones. The main anthropogenic pollutants of atmospheric air, in addition to large-scale oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, dust and soot, are complex organic, organochlorine and nitro compounds, man-made radionuclides, viruses and microbes. The most dangerous are dioxin, benzo(a)pyrene, phenols, formaldehyde, and carbon disulfide, which are widespread in the Russian air basin. Heavy metals are found in the surface atmosphere primarily in a gaseous state, and therefore cannot be captured by filters.

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A large share of air pollution comes from emissions of harmful substances from cars. Currently, road transport accounts for more than half of all harmful emissions into the environment

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Exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere by cars are the main reason for exceeding permissible concentrations of toxic substances and carcinogens in the atmosphere of large cities and the formation of smog

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Prolonged contact with an environment poisoned by car exhaust gases causes a general weakening of the body - immunodeficiency

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In addition, gases themselves can cause various diseases, for example, respiratory failure, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, lung cancer. Exhaust gases also cause atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. Various disorders of the cardiovascular system can also occur indirectly through pulmonary pathology.

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Among the main sources of anthropogenic aerosol air pollution are thermal power plants (TPPs) consuming coal. Coal combustion, cement production and iron smelting produce a total dust emission into the atmosphere equal to 170 million tons per year

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Burning coal at thermal power plants leads to emissions of more than just carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Sulfur impurities contained in coal lead to emissions of sulfur dioxide. Mixing in clouds with water vapor, sulfur dioxide generates sulfuric acid, and nitrogen oxides – nitric acid, which then fall to the ground in the form of acid rain

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The ozone layer of the Earth is a layer of the atmosphere that closely coincides with the stratosphere, lying between 7 - 8 (at the poles), 17 - 18 (at the equator) and 50 km above the surface of the planet and is characterized by an increased concentration of ozone molecules, reflecting hard cosmic radiation, which is fatal to of all life on Earth. Increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes degradation of ecosystems and the gene pool of flora and fauna, reduces agricultural yields and the productivity of the World Ocean

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In 1985, almost half of the ozone layer disappeared over Antarctica, and a “hole” appeared, which two years later spread over tens of millions of square kilometers and went beyond the sixth continent. Since 1986, ozone depletion not only continued, but also sharply increased - it evaporated 2 - 3 times faster than scientists predicted. In 1992, the ozone layer decreased not only over Antarctica, but also over other areas of the planet. In 1994, a gigantic anomaly was registered that captured the territories of Western and Eastern Europe, Northern Asia and North America

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The atmosphere has an intense impact not only on humans and biota, but also on the hydrosphere, soil and vegetation cover, geological environment, buildings, structures and other man-made objects. Therefore, the protection of atmospheric air and the ozone layer is the highest priority environmental problem and is given close attention in all developed countries.

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WAYS TO SOLUTION THE PROBLEM Atmospheric pollution is an important problem that requires an early solution. All countries understand this and take various measures to reduce air pollution. Many enterprises install cleaning filters that significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. In some countries, industrial enterprises are being moved away from large cities, where the concentration of pollution is already high.

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Observations of the level of air pollution are carried out at stationary posts, which are designed to ensure continuous recording of the content of pollutants in the atmospheric air or regular sampling of air for subsequent analysis. The number of stationary posts is determined depending on the population, the area of ​​the settlement, the terrain, the degree of industrial development, as well as the density of traffic flows

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The forecast of the state of the surface atmosphere is carried out using complex data. These primarily include the results of monitoring observations, patterns of migration and transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere, features of anthropogenic and natural processes of air pollution in the study area, the influence of meteorological parameters, topography and other factors on the distribution of pollutants in the environment. For this purpose, models of changes in the atmosphere in time and space are being developed. The end result of using such models is to quantify the risk of air pollution and assess its acceptability from a socio-economic point of view.

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which is better?

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The health of the planet is in our hands!

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Municipal Autonomous Institution of Culture "Municipal Information and Library System" of Kemerovo Library named after. N.V. Gogol Department of Periodical and Electronic Resources ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES (series “Modern Environmental Problems”) Author-compiler: S.A. Belyanina, head of the Kemerovo media library 2013

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“Biosphere Pollution” - Head: Osipova E.G. The work was carried out by Osipova A. Soboleva E. Atmosphere. Soil contamination with lead is even more widespread and dangerous. Biosphere. Global problems. At first glance, hydroelectric power plants are environmentally friendly enterprises that do not harm nature. Humanity today is the most powerful global force in the biosphere.

"Radiation pollution" - Direct exposure to ionizing radiation, therefore is more specific. An increase in the level of oxidizing agents is also typical for other effects. The effects of radiation on the body. Electromagnetic pollution. Electromagnetic pollution depends mainly on the power and frequency of the emitted signal.

“Environmental pollution” - Environmental problem. Ecological consequences of global air pollution. Types of pollution: Ecological disaster. Chemical production. Air pollution. Forms of pollution: Global environmental problem. Human impact on the biosphere. Sources of pollution. Chemical pollution of the natural environment.

“The Garbage Problem” - Garbage is a global environmental problem. Industrial effluents (toxic). Construction debris fills ravines and holes. Ways to dispose of waste: BUT: But there are a number of problems here: 1. Organization of landfills. 2. Recycling of waste 3. Incineration of waste. Recycling waste is the most resource-saving way.

“Problems of environmental pollution” - Introduction: Gas. Depletion of natural resources: Pollution of the natural environment. And many others. Pollution. Aromatic. thermal (temperature change). Goal: To prove the relevance of the problem. Depletion of natural resources.

“Oil sludge disposal” - Contents. 4. 2. Technology for preparing oil sludge for further bioremediation using the “FLOTTWEG” installation. 6. Recycle the accumulated oil-containing sludge in full within 2-3 years. Approximate list of Flottweg equipment. 3.

There are 23 presentations in total

Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the current state of the environment and its impact on human health.

educational: reveal the essence of the concept of “environmental pollution”; introduce approaches to the classification of environmental pollution; to generate knowledge about the impact of pollution on the natural processes of the biosphere;

educational: show the importance of ecology; reveal the role and place of environmental education and environmental education in the general education system of modern man;

developing: develop logical thinking by performing non-standard tasks; improve skills in working with textbook text and diagrams.

Equipment: notebook, table materials; projector, additional literature.

Lesson type: lesson on learning new knowledge

LESSON STRUCTURE:

I. Organizational moment (involving students in work).

II. A lesson in learning new knowledge.

The lesson begins with a lyrical melody. Teacher's opening speech.

We must not allow people to direct themselves to their own

destruction of the forces of nature that they were able to discover

and conquer

F. Joliot-Curie

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Slide captions:

Environmental pollution. Human impact

It is impossible to allow people to direct towards their own destruction those forces of nature that they were able to discover and conquer F. Joliot-Curie

Goal and tasks. Goal: To study how the environment affects human health. Objectives: 1) Find out the main sources of environmental pollution, 2) Identify the consequences of pollution.

Relevance Environmental pollution is the cause of 40% of deaths in the world Forty percent of people in the world die due to environmental pollution, namely water, soil and air. These environmental problems, coupled with rapid population growth, are leading to an increase in diseases, according to a press release from Cornell University.

The negative impact of technological progress and the development of civilization

The entry of pollutants into the human body

The influence of atmospheric pollution on humans

ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS Man in his daily activities encounters many chemicals used in huge quantities in industry, agriculture, medicine and in everyday life. Substances used in industry Vinyl chloride monomer has been produced by industry for more than 50 years. Over 95% of it is used to produce synthetic resins. It is not vinyl chloride itself that is a mutagen, but its metabolites, primarily ethylene chloride oxide. The latter has the strongest mutagenic and carcinogenic properties for mammals. Styrene, used in the production of polyester plastics, and chlorprene, used in the production of polychloroprene elastomers, have mutagenic activity. The mutagenic activity of compounds of lead, zinc, mercury, chromium and other metals has been established.

The process of formation of mutations is called mutagenesis; factors causing mutations are mutagens. Mutagenic factors are divided into: a) physical b) chemical - natural organic and inorganic substances; products of oil and coal processing; synthetic substances not previously found in nature; some metabolites of the human body c) biological

Children born with fecomelia as a result of their mothers taking thalidomide Monument to the victims of thalidomide in London

A new anthropogenic factor (iatrogenic) - the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) The total number of test tube children has exceeded 3 million. They have an increased incidence of imprinting diseases (Angelman and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes) A ​​defect in the short arm of the Y chromosome, responsible for decreased fertility in men.

This is what a person will look like in 2768 years 1. Eyes. To withstand contact with pollutants in the atmosphere, a person's eyes will become smaller and more pig-like. The clear membrane (which can now be found in the inner corner of the eyes) will become larger and serve as a second eyelid. 2. Nose. It will increase in size and be equipped with a system of compartments and caves to better purify the air. For the same reason, nose hair will become thicker and longer 3. Light. They will increase in size and have a denser circulatory system, which will allow them to extract from the air the small amount of oxygen that remains in it. 4. Liver. Since its function is to purify the blood, it will increase to enormous sizes in order to more successfully filter toxic substances. 5. Leather. It will become rougher, with keratinized areas to avoid burns from chemical pollutants in the atmosphere. 6. Appendix. It will again become a working organ, helping to process food, which by that time will become exclusively plant-based (since meat will become unfit for consumption due to environmental pollution). 7. Bone structure. The person will become slender and short. This will be caused by a relative lack of vitamin D (due to reduced exposure to sunlight and a poorer diet). 8. Hair. Will disappear due to severe climate warming. 9. Ears. Increased noise pollution will cause folds in the ears, making them more dog-like. A person will be able to raise them to listen and lower them to reduce noise. 10. Character. The person will be slightly crazy. This will be caused by the presence of toxic substances in food (which can already be observed in those people whose food contains a high percentage of mercury) 11. Breathing apparatus. Immediately after birth, the person will be attached for some time to a special apparatus that will help him breathe for the first weeks of life. 12. Kidneys. They will acquire a new function - extracting water from urine and preserving water in the body. Instead of liquid, a person will secrete a paste consisting of uric acid and toxic substances.

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Environmental pollution causes 40% of deaths in the world