Correct electrical wiring in the garage. Proper lighting in the garage with your own hands. Amendments are also being made

Correct electrical wiring in the garage. Proper lighting in the garage with your own hands. Amendments are also being made
Correct electrical wiring in the garage. Proper lighting in the garage with your own hands. Amendments are also being made
05.03.2020

Modern garage without electricity, it’s nothing more than a concrete or brick shed for storing auto parts. Electricity in the garage may appear before the roof, because 99% of the tools are powered by AC voltage at 220 V. Therefore, you need to be friends with electricians and power engineers, and, if possible, regularly pay for the consumed kilowatts.

Options for connecting the garage to the electrical network

There are many ways to conduct electricity into a garage. At the same time, it is worth mentioning that even experienced car enthusiasts and garage regulars have long abandoned experiments with illegal tappings and connections. On the one hand, power engineers have learned to easily identify “freeloaders”; on the other hand, if the fact of an illegal connection is discovered by fellow members of the garage cooperative, the matter will take a very painful turn with far-reaching consequences. Therefore, we act according to the law:

  • If the garage is located in a cooperative of motorists, the easiest way to solve the problem of how to connect electricity to the garage is to write a statement and resolve the issue with a cooperative electrician;
  • For individual developers - individuals it is possible to conclude an agreement for connection to electrical networks, after fulfilling the requirements, issue a personal account, book, and pay for consumed electricity individually;
  • Electricity can be supplied to the garage using the “daddy’s friend” scheme. In this case, you can do without an electrical network company or cooperative; just run the cable from your neighbor in the garage. It is clear that methods of payment for consumed energy and settlements between parties are based on personal contacts.

The easiest way to install light is on the terms of a garage cooperative. Minimum bureaucracy. It is better to immediately coordinate the connection time and individual wishes on the issue of how to supply electricity to the garage with the chairman and electrician of the cooperative.

The latter will come to your garage at the most inopportune moment, check the garage connection and wiring for the presence of “hidden” sockets, and after long conversations, simply connect the cable contacts in the junction box from common line to the input machine or counter. After sealing the input and the electric meter, a payment book and registration card-technical passport will be issued.

Despite all the simplicity and speed of design, the method of conducting electricity into the garage from the cooperative electrical network is not always the most profitable idea. There are several reasons why you should not try to conduct electricity from a cooperative line:

  • Theft of funds paid by cooperative members to pay for consumed electricity. If payment is accepted by receipts, embezzlement or theft of money is inevitable. The only acceptable option would be payment to the cooperative's bank account;
  • The collective or collective farm method of collecting money has never been characterized by 100% payment by cooperative members for consumed electricity. If there are private workshops or shops on the territory of the cooperative, most likely, part of the electricity consumed by these offices will be paid from your pocket;
  • It makes sense to conduct electricity from the cooperative line if the problems listed above do not exist in your cooperative, and responsible persons strict but reasonable requirements are imposed on input and connection arrangements.

A simplified approach on the part of an electrician or chairman when it comes to connecting a garage to electricity can result in very serious problems, from fire to regular accidents on the line.

Advice! The most troublesome, but most reliable way to solve the issue of how to supply electricity to a garage will be an individual connection from the line based on an agreement with the electric grid company.

Connecting a garage to electricity with your own hands

To conduct electricity from nearby power lines, you need to contact the service center of the electric grid company with a minimum package of documents. Some companies allow you to submit an application through a specialized website or web service. The set of documents provided to the network company includes:

  1. A written statement or application for work to connect the garage to the electrical network;
  2. Technical plan or design of garage electrical wiring with a description of consumption points and total load;
  3. Certified copies of documents confirming the ownership of the garage.

Important! In accordance with the Technological Connection Rules, approved by PRF Decree 3861 of 2004, the network office does not have the right to demand any other confirmation certificates or refuse connection if the entire package of documents is drawn up in accordance with the law.

Next, in order to properly wire the garage and install the necessary devices, the network office must hand over technical specifications with clearly formulated requirements for the network and equipment that will need to be installed in the garage with your own hands and at your own expense. All work on arranging the wiring from the line to the consumer’s premises must be carried out by the network energy company at its own expense. All proposals to run part of the line into the garage or install power poles are illegal.

After installing the equipment and cables provided for by the project in the garage with their own hands, company representatives are invited to conduct an inspection and record the results of the “audit” in a report. This document allows the company to conduct its part of the line, and then connect electricity to the entrance line to the garage.

The procedure for conducting and connecting electricity costs no more than 600 rubles. for one object.

If in close proximity to separately standing garage there are no power lines, and there is no way to conduct electricity from the nearest consumer according to the “dad’s friend” scheme, you can try to organize lighting in the garage using a hundred-amp car battery and a small wind turbine generator with a wingspan of 80-100 cm. Such a device will produce 150-200 W of electricity, which is quite enough for regular recharging and normal lighting.

Arrangement of the introductory part and panel of the garage

The easiest way to conduct electricity indoors is with the help of a so-called gander. It's metal inch pipe installed on the roof of a building. A pin with a ceramic barrel insulator is attached to the top of the tubular stand. If the technical specifications issued by the electrical network company allow such a scheme, you will have to run a three-core SIP cable from the machine on the electrical panel through a corrugated or tubular duct and a gander pipe to the roof of the garage. The height of the gander is assumed to be 200-220 cm, the overhang of the outlet piece of cable should be at a height of 200 cm. The power grid company must run its cable from the line to the ceramic insulator on the gander. The connection is made by connecting the corresponding cable cores.

In most cases, power engineers consider this method of supplying electricity obsolete and insist on remote support pillar. In this case, it is easier for the company to run the cable from the line on the pole to the input panel on the wall of the building. For a residential building this method is quite justified, but for a garage it is not suitable, since the meters are external wall garage premises were often simply destroyed by vandals. Convincing power engineers is not easy, since the electricity grid company suspects that it is very easy to connect to the contacts on the roof welding machine or bake it yourself, up to the electric meter.

The second option for running the cable inside the garage involves underground installation power cable V metal pipe from the nearest power line pole. You will need to dig a trench to a depth of 80 cm, lay a pipe and run a cable from the electrical panel to the pole. Wherein steel pipe must extend from the ground to a height of at least 2.5 m.

The easiest way to run the cable is from the garage cooperative line. Most often, the line is laid under the roof overhang of garages or by air on supports installed above the terminals - goosenecks. This option of installing and connecting electricity will cost ten times less than fooling around with a trench. The SIP cable from your garage is led through a metal corrugated sleeve to the nearest distribution box. Typically there is one box for every two garages.

Conclusion

Inside the garage, the SIP cable is connected to the input machine and the electric meter. As a rule, electricians refuse to connect to a simple switch, and they are right. Before conducting electricity, it is necessary to install an RCD, a meter, a short-circuit protection circuit breaker and packets in the garage, with which you can disconnect individual wiring segments, sockets and interior lighting. Almost the entire scope of work on electrical wiring can be done in the garage with your own hands, but only under one condition - you must have on hand detail drawing With detailed description all requirements for installation and installation of equipment inside the garage.

For most car owners, a garage is not only a place to park their car, but also their own workshop, which allows them to carry out minor repairs to a four-wheeled unit. Due to lack of sources natural light even during daylight hours, all repair operations are carried out under artificial lighting in the garage. Therefore, the quality of repairs and other work will directly depend on the competent choice and arrangement of lighting. Consider the procedure for making your own garage lighting.

Garage Lighting Options

Depending on the type of device, lighting in the garage can be performed:

  • Incandescent lamps;
  • Fluorescent lamps;
  • Halogen lamps;
  • LED lighting devices.

The main difference between the above options is the ratio of the generated luminous flux in Lumens per 1 Watt of electricity. Therefore, before choosing a specific type of permanent lighting fixture, consider the pros and cons of each.

Advantages and disadvantages of lighting devices.

Incandescent light bulbs have a relatively low cost and are much less capricious to operate. But, in comparison with other types of lamps, they provide a luminous flux of only 7 - 17 Lm/W. They are also afraid of depressurization of the glass flask.

Fluorescent lamps are many times more expensive than incandescent lamps, but they produce about 45 Lm/W, which makes them much more economical. But the glass bulb of such a lamp is filled with a mixture of gases and mercury, which can cause harm if depressurized. Another significant drawback– the lamp requires time to warm up until the declared level of luminous flux is achieved. And at a temperature less than +5ºС, such a lamp does not light up well.

Halogen lamps produce from 15 to 22 Lm/W, but unlike the previous ones, they must be powered from low voltage– 12 V. Also, these lamps are resistant to touching with bare hands, which is why they are very demanding during installation and operation.

They can provide about 120 Lm/W, which is why they are considered the most economical lamps. An important advantage LED spotlights is independence from depressurization of the bulb - LEDs will provide the same illumination even with a broken bulb. The disadvantages of such lamps include sensitivity to the shape and magnitude of the supply voltage.

Garage lighting requirements

All requirements can be divided into three categories:

  • Sufficient and uniform distribution of light flux, both over the entire area of ​​the garage and over the height of the vehicle;
  • Sectioning the lighting in the garage so that only a specific area can be illuminated while work is being carried out on it;
  • Cost-effectiveness - during prolonged performance of any manipulations in the garage, it must be ensured minimum consumption electricity.

Step-by-step instructions for organizing lighting in the garage

To ensure adequate lighting of the room, the garage owner must adhere to the proposed sequence. The type of lighting equipment is pre-selected.

Choosing a wiring diagram in the garage

The electrical wiring diagram is drawn up based on the type of lamps (spot or general) and the needs of the garage space. Decide on the location of the wiring (hidden or external). Display on the diagram general form garage, mark on it:

  • Installation location of the distribution meter and panel;
  • Places for laying cables - on the walls or ceiling;
  • Installation points distribution boxes, sockets and switches;
  • Connection points for general and local lighting;
  • If necessary, connection to any equipment.

After this, all data is transferred to the wiring diagram. An example of such schemes is shown in the figures.

Rice. 1: Garage lighting scheme
Figure 2: Lighting diagram without pit
Rice. 3: Lighting circuit for two terminals

Calculation of the number and power of lighting points

First, determine the lighting power required for the garage. For example, you chose LED lights 20 W each and decided that 5 W would be enough for one square meter. Measure the area of ​​the garage, for example, the dimensions of the garage are 6 m × 4 m = 24 m2.

The number of points is calculated by the formula: N = (S × P m)/P l, where S is the area of ​​the entire room, P m is the lighting power for one square meter, P l is the power of one light bulb. For the above parameters, we obtain the calculation N = (24 × 5) / 20 = 6. Accordingly, you will need to install 6 lamps, but their location in the garage should provide uniform illumination, so the next step is to choose the place and method of their location.

Selecting the location of light sources

Depending on the type of lamps chosen and the area of ​​the room, lighting can be achieved with one lighting device in the center of the ceiling. But this will not always provide the required level of illumination near the wheels, bumpers, under the hood, etc. Therefore, when choosing a location artificial lighting In the garage you should be guided by the following principles:


Required tools and materials

To mark the walls for wiring, use a level and marking pencils. When drawing lines on the walls for grooves, placement of cable ducts or corrugations, mark the attachment points for lamps and sockets.

From the tools, take those that will help in installing the lighting and mounting it: a hammer drill for drilling walls and a screwdriver for installation work. A screwdriver can be replaced with a regular screwdriver, but it will require much more effort and time.

The materials you will need are lighting devices (lamps, lamps, LED strips) and switches for them. For injection and distribution point electrical network take the shield from . Sockets and electric wires are selected based on the load on them. To do this, the power of the devices powered from them is summed up, from which the minimum cross-section is determined according to Table 1.

Table 1 selection of wire cross-section

Copper wire Aluminum wire
Section

lived mm

 Current. A Power. kW Section of veins. mm Current. A Power, kWt
1.5 19 4.1 2.5 22 4.4
2.5 27 5.9 4 28 6.1
4 38 8.3 6 36 7.9
6 46 10.1 10 50 11
10 70 15.4 16 60 13.2
16 80 18.7 25 85 18.7
25 115 25.3 35 100 22
35 135 29.7 50 135 29.7
50 175 38.5 70 165 36.3
70 215 47.3 95 200 44
95 265 57.2 120 230 50.6
120 300 66

For example, you plan to connect 10 100 W lamps to one wire, respectively, the total power will be 1000 W or 1 kW. For them, a copper conductor of 1.5 mm 2 or an aluminum conductor of 2.5 mm 2 will be sufficient. The cross-sectional margin must also be ensured.

Another option is a cable that powers a group of sockets for portable lights and heating stoves, let's say you use 3 stoves of 2.5 kW and 2 portable lamp by 0.5 kW. In total we get a power of 3 × 2.5 + 2 × 0.5 = 8.5 kW. For the second option, a power cable of 6 mm 2 for copper or 10 mm 2 for aluminum is suitable.

Basic work step by step

Installation of lighting in a garage can be divided into the following stages:

  1. marking - transfer the previously drawn up connection diagram to the walls of the garage;
    Rice. 7: Marking the walls
  2. , if you plan hidden wiring or install cable channels for open method;
  3. wiring installation - place and secure the cable in grooves or trays;
    Rice. 8: Laying wires in grooves
  4. installation of boxes - install boxes for sockets, switches, for routing wires;
    Figure 9: Junction Box Installation
  5. installation of stationary lamps - depending on the method of mounting the selected lighting devices, install them on the ceiling and walls of the garage;
    Rice. 10: Installation of the lamp
  6. connecting wires - connect the cable to the terminals of sockets, switches and lamps;
    Rice. 11: Connecting sockets and switches
  7. installation of glass on lamps, sockets and switches - place power points and switching devices in socket boxes and boxes;
  8. test the functionality before finishing works power the garage lighting from an electrical source; perhaps a lamp somewhere will not light up or there will be no voltage in the outlet;
  9. finishing work - after testing the functionality and eliminating defects, close the grooves or trays, install decorative panels on sockets and switches, close the garage lighting lamps.

Lighting of the inspection pit

Unlike the rest of the room, the inspection pit is characterized by high humidity, which poses a threat not only metal elements, but also to man. Since moisture can cause damage electric shock, previously it was believed that nutrition inspection hole must be carried out from a safe supply voltage of 12 V, which cannot harm humans. But with the advent, power supply can also be supplied from a 220 V network, provided that there is an RCD with a shutdown current of at least 30 mA and a lamp with a protection level from 1 to 3 in accordance with clause 6.1.14 of the PUE.

In relation to the illumination of the inspection hole, it is directed upward. Due to the small space, the lamps should protrude as little as possible or even be recessed flush with the wall.


 Rice. 12. Lamp in the recess

Installation of electrical wiring differs from garage lighting in the need to protect it from contact with water in case of flooding. To do this, they use plastic corrugation, make the wiring hidden in the wall, seal and seal the electrical contacts.


 Rice. 13: Sealing wiring in plastic corrugation

Installation and installation of electrical panel

The electrical panel is designed for redistribution electrical energy from input to consumers through circuit breakers. For installation, choose the most comfortable spot at the entrance. If you arrange lighting for the observation room, you can mount a separate panel for it.


 Rice. 14: Installation of machines in the panel

In the panel, install circuit breakers of the appropriate rating, according to the calculation of the loads for each group of consumers that you made when choosing the wire cross-section. Most panels are assembled, so you can set the number of RCDs in them depending on the diagram you have drawn up. For example, separately for general lighting, separately for sockets and locksmith corner. This principle of sectioning will allow you to turn off only the area where the damage occurred, while the rest of the room will receive power.


 Figure 15: Connecting the distribution panel
  • If you have divided all the lighting into certain zones, it is advisable to install the switch directly next to it. For example, near the mechanic’s table, near the hood, etc. If desired, you can, which will allow you to turn the lighting on and off, both from the entrance and from the zone itself.
  • In case of a power outage, do it in the garage. Perfect for this halogen lamps or 12 V LED lamps. If the power supply is lost during repairs, you can always continue by powering emergency lighting from the battery.
  • If you have a spotlight at the entrance, connect it through a motion sensor, this way you will save on street lighting and can create a kind of alarm system.
  • For greater efficiency, the luminous flux from stationary lighting in the garage must be diffused, which can be achieved with the help of lampshades and reflectors. But portable local illumination can be done with one beam of light for a specific point.
  • and lay the third core in the wiring, this will prevent electrical injury and fire due to a short circuit to the housing.
  • When choosing materials and devices, purchase products from well-known manufacturers.

Video tutorials




It is not difficult to install light in the garage if it is located near the house, electrical panel or power line. If you have electricity, using the garage will be much more convenient; moreover, you will be able to work in it with electric tools and equipment.

We should start with the fact that the wiring needs to be hidden - not so much for the sake of aesthetics, but for security reasons. If the garage is made of sheet iron, then, of course, there can be no talk of any hidden wiring, but in this case, you can use various boxes, sleeves and corrugated pipes.

Important! For safety reasons, a grounding device should be installed in the electrical panel at the input, which can be metal rods with a diameter of 1.5-1.6 cm (they should be dug vertically into the ground and connected to each other with a steel plate).

In addition, all sockets, switches, etc. must be well protected from dust and moisture (it is advisable to use IP44 class devices).

How to install electricity into a garage legally

If you plan to turn the garage into a full-fledged workshop, then you will need a three-phase input, for which, in turn, you need to visit the local Energosbyt and obtain technical conditions there (in the future you will need to comply with each of the points) and the appropriate permit.

And if we're talking about about garage areas, cooperatives are often created in them. It is in such a cooperative that you should obtain permission to electrify the garage, find out where it is located electrical shield and under what conditions you can connect to it. In addition, it is necessary to conclude an energy supply agreement.

DIY garage light: step-by-step guide

The procedure consists of several stages; let’s get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage one. We are developing a scheme

We start work by drawing up a wiring diagram - this will help prevent possible mistakes during installation. In the diagram we indicate the location of cables, switches, sockets and lamps, observing a number of the requirements below.

  1. The distance between the ceiling and the cable must be at least 10 cm, and from the floor to the socket - 50 cm. Regarding general switch, then it should be to the right of the gate, approximately 150 cm from the floor.
  2. We also note exactly how we will connect each network element. The socket must be located in front of the switch, while the switches with the lamp must be connected in series.
  3. To connect elements, we use straight lines located perpendicular to each other. We start the connection from the distribution panel.

After this, we transfer the compiled diagram to the walls. To draw lines, use a long cord, first dipping it in paint.

Stage two. We prepare tools and materials

To work we will need:

  • hammer;
  • indicator screwdriver;
  • chisel;
  • hammer drill (if the garage is not metal);
  • screwdriver;
  • electric drill, set of drills;
  • side cutters;
  • insulating tape;
  • pliers;
  • building gypsum;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • dowels

We also prepare the most important thing, that is, the electrical cable. It is advisable to use copper wires, although aluminum ones are also quite suitable. We also buy switches, lighting, sockets, corrugations and cable boxes.

Stage three. Installing wiring in the garage

Installation is divided into two parts:

  • external wiring (to the garage from an energy source);
  • internal.

Important! If the internal installation can be done with your own hands, which many do, then the external installation should be done exclusively by a professional electrician who has access to high-voltage lines.

External wiring

Electrical energy can be transmitted into a room in two ways:

  • underground;
  • by air.

When choosing one option or another, we are guided, first of all, by the relative position of our garage and other buildings. If it is located further than 25 m from the pillar, then with an “air” installation we will have to install an additional pillar. Moreover, the wire must be 2.75 m from the ground (next to the garage), 3.75 m (above sidewalks) and 6 m (above the roadway). We introduce the line through the wall at a height of 2.75 m, for which we use insulators on hooks.

Important! We make a hole for the input with a slope towards the street so that water does not penetrate inside.

After work, carefully seal all the cracks. If the height of our garage is less than the regulated 2.75 m, then we install a pipe stand - a special steel pipe, the upper end of which is curved at an angle of 180 degrees. In this case, the cable entry can even be made through the roof.

As for underground laying, then the cable here needs to be protected using a steel box. The entry is made through a hole in the foundation; the cable in this place is protected with a pipe. What is important is that each cable needs a separate hole.

At the end, the electrician who carried out the installation leads the wire to an input box equipped with fuses and a meter. After this, we proceed to the second part of the process.

Internal gasket

It can be of two types (as noted above):

  • hidden;
  • open.

For metal buildings we use the second method, in which the wires should be secured in special boxes or baseboards. Flat cables (such as APPR) are most suitable for this. The cables are attached to the walls with nails or staples in increments of 40 cm. The wiring is done horizontally (about 20 cm from the ceiling line), and we use screws or glue to fix the boxes.

If the garage is made of concrete or brick, then we resort to a hidden type of laying, and we do this even before plastering. If the work is carried out after applying the plaster, then in the right places We groove the walls (we make grooves 0.5-0.6 cm deep) into which we lay the wires, securing them with small nails.

Important! Feature this method is that the ends of the wires need to be soldered to each other, otherwise they will unwind or oxidize. After soldering, secure the joints with insulating tape.

Additional events

Almost every garage has basement or inspection hole. It would seem that it would be easier to make the lighting portable for them, but the fact is that the humidity level there is usually high, so the maximum allowable voltage is only 42 volts. For this reason, we buy and install a small step-down transformer. We also buy special equipment, which is designed specifically for such low voltage.

Do-it-yourself wiring in the garage (video): where to start

Bottom line

As a result, it is worth paying a little attention to safety precautions. When performing work, it is imperative to adhere to the requirements below.

  1. There is no need to rush, because the main thing when working with electricity is safety.
  2. Any manipulations involving electric current (even a banal replacement of a light bulb or socket) should only be carried out in the absence of voltage. For this purpose, you can unscrew the plugs (if you are still using them) or the circuit breakers on the switchboard.
  3. For work at height, trestles or platforms should be used (no barrels, chairs placed on tables, or similar structures).
  4. Shoes and clothing should be as comfortable as possible so that body movements are not hampered.
  5. The tools used must be intact and - more importantly - have an insulated handle. The same applies to electrical equipment.

And remember: if you install the wiring correctly, it is guaranteed to serve you for at least 30 years.

Install electrical wiring in garage with my own hands not very difficult. You just need to understand in detail the nuances of performing such work and perform all the required manipulations in accordance with the instructions.

Before you get started, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for garage wiring.

Usually the garage is visited by almost no one other than its owner. Therefore, the wiring, first of all, must be safe, reliable and functional. The aesthetic component in most cases fades into the background.

In accordance with safety regulations, electrical wiring must be hidden. Cables are laid in the walls. This, as already noted, increases the safety of operation of the wiring and the building as a whole and additionally protects electrical wiring elements from various kinds damage.

If your garage is built of metal, it will not be possible to install hidden wiring inside the walls. Designed for such cases special devices type corrugated pipes, metal hoses and other boxes that make it possible to reliably hide wires.

External wiring

In order to further increase the safety of working with a variety of electrical appliances, it is strongly recommended to place a separate grounding device at the entrance to the distribution panel. The simplest grounding is made of metal rods with a diameter of about 16 mm, vertically fixed in the ground and connected at the tops by a strip of steel. Such a device must have a resistance not exceeding 4 ohms.

The vast majority of garages have dampness. This circumstance forces garages to be classified as buildings with increased level danger. In view of this, switches, electrical sockets and all lamps must comply with a protection class of IP44 and higher.

If you are planning to equip a full-fledged workshop in your garage, first take care of arranging a three-phase electrical input. To organize such a system, you will need a copper electrical cable with a cross-section of about 10 mm2 and a shield for at least 18-20 modules.

Remember: before installing a three-phase system, you need to contact the energy service and obtain the appropriate permits for the installation and operation of the facility.

Wiring diagram

To ensure that the installation of electrical wiring in a private garage is completed as quickly as possible and in full compliance with all requirements, first prepare simple diagram indicating the locations of all cables, switches, electrical outlets and other related elements.

In the process of drawing up a diagram, adhere to the following rules:

  • the location of all lamps, sockets, protective boxes, and various switches should be marked as accurately as possible on the plan;
  • designate connections of elements only with perpendicular and straight solid lines. Start making the connection from the shield;
  • Mark on the plan the connection method for each element used. Thus, lamps and switches are connected exclusively in series. Sockets can only be placed up to the switches;
  • minimally permissible distance between the ceiling and wires – 10 cm, between the floor and electrical sockets – 50 cm;
  • the general switch is installed to the right of garage doors at a distance of 1.5 m from the floor.

Transfer ready-made diagram on the walls of your garage. To create straight lines, you can use a long rope. Just dip it in any dye and apply it to the desired area walls. Or use other markup methods that are convenient for you.

What do you need for work?

Prepare everything you might need during the garage installation process. electrical wiring, namely:

  • pliers;
  • Screwdriver Set;
  • hammer;
  • chisel;
  • side cutters;
  • electric drill;
  • electrical tape;
  • hammer drill (needed when working in a garage made of concrete blocks);
  • fastening elements (screws, self-tapping screws);
  • indicator screwdriver.

The handles of all hand-held devices must be wrapped with several layers of electrical tape.

The choice of electrical cable, the main component of the work under consideration, deserves special attention. The best characteristics copper cables are different. If the load on the wiring is relatively small, you can replace copper with aluminum.

Additionally, buy lamps, sockets, all kinds of switches, transformers, protective boxes, corrugated structures, adapters in the required quantity.

Stages of garage electrification

The installation of garage electrical wiring is carried out in 2 stages. First, external wiring is laid, traditionally running from the power line to the point of entry into the building. After it settles down internal wiring.

With installation internal wiring Even an unprepared person can cope. Arrangement external wiring It is better to entrust it to a qualified technician, because it's quite dangerous. In any case, the decision, like any responsibility, is yours.

Before starting work on electrifying your garage, coordinate all activities with your local energy service.

External wiring

External electrical wiring can be laid over the air or underground. When choosing optimal method The decisive factor is the relative position of the garage with other objects. The most popular option is to lay wires through the air.

If the garage is more than 250 cm away from the power line, additional cables must be installed between the line and the garage. support pillars. The number of such poles is selected individually with the expectation that the wire will pass at a height:

  • from 275 cm above the ground near the garage;
  • from 375 cm above pedestrian paths;
  • from 600 cm above the road.

Prepare holes in the garage for cable entry. According to the above rules, electrical cables is introduced into the garage at a distance of at least 275 cm from the ground. You also need to first secure special insulators on the outside of the building using hooks so that the wires end up running at least 20 cm apart from each other.

Drill holes with a slight inclination outward. This will eliminate the risk of water getting into the holes.

Pre-insulate the wires using rubber or plastic pipes. In the future, seal all the cracks where the wires enter with alabaster or cement mortar.

Owners of low garages have a reasonable question: what to do if the height of the building is less than 275 cm? In such a situation, you will have to install a device called a pipe stand. This is a tall steel pipe with the top edge bent 180 degrees. Receiving insulators are installed at the upper end. With the help of a pipe stand, the wires can be brought into the garage even through the roof. The pipe is fixed to the rafters of the garage roofing system.

Underground line

In the case of this garage electrification option, the wires are laid underground in a protective steel box. Wires are introduced into the building through a pre-arranged hole in concrete base. A protective conduit must be installed where the wire passes through the garage foundation. Each wire must enter through a separate hole.

After laying the wires to the building, regardless of the chosen technology, the cables are brought to the inlet box with safety devices and an electric meter. Afterwards you can proceed to work on internal implementation wiring.

Internal wiring

Electrical wiring inside the garage can be laid hidden or open.

In garages built using wood and metal, implement hidden placement electrical wiring is extremely difficult. Therefore, in buildings of this type, wiring is laid openly.

The wires are placed in protective boxes made of plastic or metal or placed in baseboards.

For open garage wiring, it is best to use flat cables, for example, PPV brand. Protected, non-armored electrical wires are also suitable.

Use tin staples to secure cables to walls. Dowels and nails also work. The spacing of fasteners should not exceed 40 cm. The layout is carried out strictly horizontally, at a distance of 200 mm from the surface of the ceiling (ceiling). Protective boxes are attached using screws or a suitable adhesive.

Hidden wiring is perfect for concrete (block) and brick garages. It is more convenient to lay the wiring before plastering the surfaces. In such conditions, you will only have to control the correct placement of the equipment, i.e. so that, for example, the edges of distribution boxes are not visible after applying plaster.

If you are installing electrical wiring after finishing, first cut grooves about 0.5 cm deep in the walls. You will lay electrical wires in the grooves, secure them with nails, and then carefully seal all the recesses.

The connecting points of the wires are connected by soldering, and then additionally fixed with electrical tape.

Lay all the wires in accordance with the diagram prepared in the first stages and begin installing sockets, all kinds of switches, lamps and other devices. It is very important to remember the basic safety regulations.

Electricity is nothing to joke about, so any kind of work on laying electrical cables and connecting electrical appliances must be carried out in strict accordance with safety regulations.

Treat electrical wiring work with the utmost responsibility. Take your time, think about everything further action. The safety, reliability and durability of electrical wiring depends on the correct installation. Any mistakes can lead to irreparable consequences, remember this. Otherwise, follow the instructions and there will be no problems.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in the garage

Any room, even a garage, needs electricity. And electricity is impossible without high-quality electrical wiring. Without it, it is impossible to use any electrical appliances in the garage. In such a situation, you won’t even be able to turn on the light bulb.

Electrical wiring in the garage

Many people today build their own garages with their own hands. Therefore on this moment The question of how you can do electrical wiring in a garage with your own hands remains relevant. This article will tell you everything you need to know when carrying out such work.

Features of the garage and its connection to electricity

There is always work to be done in the garage that requires electricity. Therefore, wiring is required here. Electrical wiring and its distribution must be installed during the construction phase of any garage. It is especially important to think through everything if you plan to do the construction of the structure and wiring yourself.
When starting the construction of any garage structure, in order to avoid problems in the future, you need to know the following features of such construction:

  • wiring and installation of electricity in the garage must be carried out only after obtaining the appropriate permit issued by the local Energy Supervision Authority;
  • You can carry out any manipulations related to the conduction of electricity with your own hands only if you have the appropriate experience.

External part of the electrical wiring in the garage

Before you start laying wires, you need to know what is in the garage independent wiring is implemented in two parts:

  • external (external);
  • internal.

Electrical wiring to any individual building must be carried out along eaves, walls and canopies. If you need to make an outlet outside, you must choose exclusively weather-resistant models that can withstand all the hardships of the street. To connect the garage building to electricity, you should use an electrical panel.

Note! All work on electrical wiring inside the garage can be carried out only after the diagram has been developed. The diagram should reflect all the electrical wiring lines, their location, the order of connection to each other, as well as the number of lighting fixtures.

It should be noted that in this situation, wiring may not be carried out into the inspection hole for lighting installations. The fact is that in this place it is very difficult to do the wiring yourself. It is much more rational and easier to use portable powerful lamps for lighting.

Portable lamp

Experts suggest limiting the inspection hole to a socket.
In a situation where several lamps are needed in the garage, you can stretch the cable to the very first lamp, and from there, using the method parallel connection or special jumpers in the form of a loop to the rest. If you need to connect the lamps independently of each other, then you will need to combine all the laid wires using a power cable.

Other things to remember

For electrical wiring in the garage, you can use a standard copper cable. It can withstand loads ranging from 3.2 to 5 kW. Therefore, the drawn up diagram must necessarily focus on these maximum load parameters.

Sockets and switches in the garage

When doing electrical wiring in a garage building with your own hands, you need to take care of the switches. They should be at a height from the floor at a distance of 1.5-1.7 m. In this case, sockets should be placed at a distance of one meter from the floor.
The main point that should be thoroughly thought out in this situation is the location of the cables directly on the walls, and not inside them. Routing electrical wiring along the surface of the walls will allow you to carry out all the necessary actions much faster.

Features of organizing internal wiring

In a garage, internal electrical wiring can be implemented in the following ways:

  • the cables are arranged in an open manner;
  • the wires are located in special plastic pipes;
  • option for combined wiring.

Option for placing wiring inside the garage

Experts say that for garage structures the most the best option The internal placement of wiring will be exactly a combined type. Using this approach, you can hide all the main electrical wiring components with plastic elements, and attach ordinary wires to the wall using fasteners.

Schematic representation of wiring

The do-it-yourself electrical wiring diagram in the garage is the most important point, which must not only be correctly calculated, but also transferred to paper.

Option wiring diagram for garage

This scheme should include:

  • the presence of an inspection hole and its dimensions;
  • the number of lamps and sockets that are planned to be installed in the inspection hole;
  • location of shelving and workbenches;
  • work shield. It must have sockets for connecting electrical appliances;

Electrical panel in the garage

  • line for electric sharpener;
  • number of lighting fixtures;
  • general arrangement of wires inside the structure, as well as connection options and locations.

Based on the points listed above, the optimal wiring layout for a given situation is selected.
Also, the diagram should indicate which sectors of the box need to be supplied with power. For example, a cellar dug in a garage must have lighting.
Remember that at the stage of connecting the wiring to an external power source, you should find out the exact number of phases “started” into the garage structure. At the same time, their number should be selected optimally, since many or few phases will lead to discomfort in work. If you plan to work with big amount various electrical appliances, then it is necessary to “start” three phases. In such a situation, all loads will need to be evenly distributed between the existing three phases.

Grounding in the garage

Do not neglect grounding either. It is necessary to make at least a standard circuit, since any garage owner may need to connect quite powerful equipment (for example, a welding machine). In this regard, at the stage of creating wiring in the garage, you need to take into account the future.

When arranging wiring in the garage with your own hands, there are some recommendations that will allow you to do correct scheme and bring it to life. These recommendations include the following:

  • separate lines must be drawn for sockets and lighting;
  • for cables you need to select the optimal cross-section;
  • It is best to do zone lighting;
  • for a powerful heater, if it is to be used, a separate line must be drawn;
  • all wires must be laid in a straight line: vertically or horizontally;

Note! When organizing wiring in the garage with your own hands, no oblique bends or zigzags are allowed.

Wire location

  • the wiring distance to the ceiling must be at least 100 mm;
  • In the presence of high humidity, it is necessary to use lighting devices designed for reduced voltage. Their connection should be made through a 12 - 36 V transformer.

Choosing the right material and tools

Since the garage is a structure with high humidity. In addition to humidity, in this situation it is necessary to take into account the possible load level. Experts recommend giving preference to sockets designed for a maximum current of 16 A. This current strength corresponds to connecting equipment of approximately 3.5 kW. This is for of this premises will be quite enough.
Power lines must be installed only in specially protective sleeves (corrugation). It can be replaced plastic channels for cables. On input power lines it is necessary to install an electrical panel. It must have a central switch installed.
For the wiring itself, it is recommended to buy products with copper conductors (for example, PV-3).
In addition, you will need the following materials:

  • hammer/drill;
  • knife (necessarily well sharpened);
  • wire cutters;
  • crosshead screwdriver.

In addition, for wiring you will need pre-purchased lighting installations, switches and sockets.

Step-by-step wiring instructions

To install a wiring harness in the garage with your own hands, you need to know the step-by-step steps. The final result in this situation will entirely depend on how correctly and accurately all stages of the work were completed.
Step-by-step instructions for wiring in a garage are as follows:

  • First we select an electric machine. The best option would be two-pole circuit breaker type C;
  • We place an electrical box inside the garage. Its size is determined by the elements that will be placed in it;
  • it contains a counter and a machine;
  • Next, we attach the cable to the shield. He is brought in from the outside. First he goes to the counter, and then to the machine;

Meter installation

  • the number of machines is determined by the number of lighting points;
  • after that we begin wiring cables throughout the room;
  • their placement option can be open or closed;

Note! The wiring method (open or closed) must be chosen depending on your financial capabilities and availability of free time.

Cabling

  • connection of lamps and sockets can be carried out both from, from and to the electrical panel. In the first case, the wire must be pulled to a lamp or socket. In the second case - from the installed lighting installations and sockets to the panel;
  • When connecting a phase wire to a circuit breaker, you must de-energize the entire room.

Finished wiring in the garage

When all sockets, lamps and switches are connected, we secure the wires to the panel. Then we test turn on the machine. At this point the work is considered completed.