Rules for writing n nn in parts of speech. N and nn in suffixes of adjectives
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Н-НН in adverbs, adjectives and participles, full and short
1. With one letter n are written:
1. Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. Letter n is part of the root.
2. Denominate adjectives with suffix -n: winter n th(from: winter), years n th(from: summer).
3. Denominate adjectives with suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. meaning “name of material, substance”), and -in: mouse, passerine (adj. meaning “accessories”).
Exception:
wooden, tin, glass write with two letters nn.
4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: heat fresh meat .
Exception:
Write with two letters nn words from the list:
given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesied, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unforeseen
Do not confuse:
The list of exceptions does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest ,sworn brother.
5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.
6. Adverbs on -O And -e formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.
2. With two letters nn are written:
1. Denominate adjectives with suffix -n, if the root of the noun ends in a letter n:autumn, spring, sleepy.
2. Denominate adjectives with the suffixes -enn, -onn: letter, portion.
Exception:
flighty man, windmill , chicken pox, But windless day,leeward side.
3. Verbal adjectives with suffix -nn : korcheva nn y plot, Brakova nnth thing.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn .
Suffix -nn write in verbal adjectives formed from a generating stem with suffixes: - Eve//-ova,-Eve: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.
It’s easier to remember this way: adjectives on Eve+nn + th,ova +nn +y, eva +nn+ y.
4. Adjectives-exceptions from clauses:
1.3.Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - nn .
1.4.Exception: the, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, embossed, damned, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected.
5. Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from verbs perfect form without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words for memorization in paragraph 5, along with other examples).
6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn(except for the form m.r. singular, in which there is always one letter n): night without moon n a, adviсe prices.
7. Adverbs on -O And -e, formed from adjectives with two letters nn: sincerely, thoughtfully, calmly.
So, in order not to make mistakes in the exam, you need to know all the points. Be sure to include examples, because examples are samples that help you act by analogy.
Do not forget about the exceptions in paragraphs: 1.3., 1.4., 2.2.
Attention:
To expand your language experience, you can refer to the section.
This is a constructor dictionary. Set the parameters you are interested in and get necessary lists words
It is now useful for you to turn to the Correct Dictionary, as well as to the Grammar Dictionary. Don’t forget, you can connect the following parameters: “New”, “Easy”, “Difficult”, “Important”. You can add or, on the contrary, exclude words for grades 5-8. Create your own dictionary configuration on a topic tasks 14.
This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Brew yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.
How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling
Easily. Write at random or because it looks so “beautiful”. Or the first and second at the same time.
How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling
Don't be lazy and don't skip any of the points in the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to the point of automatism.
Aerobatics - determining the quantity n on the run.
You can, but not right away.
Sequencing
To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. This must be done according to the question that we ask by the way.
- Noun - Who? What?
- Adjective - Which?
- Short adjective - what?
- Adverb - How?
- Participle - Which?
- Short participle - what?
- Verbal adjective - Which?
You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?
Adjectives and participles
An adjective is formed from a noun, and a participle is formed from a verb.
Long- it's an adjective because it answers a question Which? and derived from the noun length.
Strewn- this is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb put to sleep.
By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-. In the past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the part of speech correctly.
Participles and verbal adjectives
Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from a verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?
Firstly, the verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from a perfective verb.
How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the form is imperfect (indicates an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the perfect form (denotes a completed action).
Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.
A dependent word is a word that can be asked a question from the main word.
Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.
Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers a question what to do?.
Loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers a question what to do?; there are no dependent words.
In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:
- Add a dependent word.
A car loaded with people. Loaded by whom?- a person. Now this is a sacrament. - Change the form of the verb.
Loaded car. Derived from the verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore refers to the perfect form.
Short adjectives and short participles
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Realized that the word answers the question what?.
- We think from what full form the word is formed.
- We determine the part of speech of the full form (read the differences between adjectives and participles above).
Here is a table for clarity.
Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.
Applying the rules
Look how simple it is once we know the part of speech:
We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.
In a word asphalted we write nn, because there is a suffix -ova-.
Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- They were just suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cov- And chew-. These words contain one letter n, because they belong to verbal adjectives.
You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.
It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.
In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en oh, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:
- In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N oh, time enne y.
- If a word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn y.
Pay attention to the second point Special attention. Without it you would write in the word fog one letter n, since there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, the stem of which ends in n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget about this rule.
Words windy, buttery, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, no wind nn y).
OK. What about short adjectives?
Everything is simple here: they contain the same number of letters n, how many and in full.
What about adverbs?
It's the same story here. We write the same amount n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.
Slowly- an adverb because it answers a question How?. Derived from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in the suffix -enn-, so we write it the same way in adverbs.
Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusing to explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; derived from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused is a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then we write the same amount in the adverb that is derived from it.
A little exercise. Explain the production n-nn in a sentence.
Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes slightly rolled in ashes, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem tasty on fresh air for the most sophisticated gourmet.
In adjectives, one letter N is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YAN-.
For example: swan(in the suffix -IN - one letter N is written) leather(in the suffix
-AN- one letter N is written) woolen(in the suffix -YANG- one letter N is written).
It is very easy to remember three suffixes in which one letter N is written. Need to know the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter N to them and get suffixes - AN, IN, YAN .
You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.
For adjectives long ago
Recorded in learned books,
When AN, IN, YAN, then N one
And no more surplus.
Suffix -IN- called “animal”. With the help suffix IN Adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.
MOUSE IN Y = MOUSE + IN
MOSQUITO IN YY = MOSQUITO + IN
NIGHTINGALE IN YY = NIGHTINGALE + IN
In adjectives MOUSE IN OH,MOSQUITO IN OH, NIGHTINGALE IN YY the “animal” suffix is written - IN - with one letter N.
Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - written in adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:
SKIN AN SKIN = SKIN + AN
SAND ANІ= SAND + AN
SILVER YANG YY = SILVER + YANG
WOOL YANG OH= WOOL + YANG
GLIN YANG Y = CLAY + YANG
Adjectives SKIN AN OH, SAND AN OH, SILVER YANG YY , WOOL YANG OH, GLIN YANGІY are written with one letter Н, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .
You should remember three adjectives whose suffix begins with the letter Y, but the letters N are written in it not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN OH, TIN YANN OH, GLASS YANN YY.
The following riddle about WINDOW:
glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.
2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes
Two letters N are written in adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORS HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, STRAW ENN OH, CRANK ENN YY.
Remember suffix - HE N- helps with NV UN - United Nations.
It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fan.
It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix - HE N- two letters H, and his UN idol has two letters O.
Using the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters N are written, adjectives are most often formed foreign language origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N OH, EDITORIAL HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, REVOLUTION HE N YY
Two letters N are written in the suffix -ENN-.
Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN OH, CRANK ENN OH, LIFE ENN OH, OGN ENN OH, SICK ENN YY.
There is an exception word in the Russian language, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N are written in it not two, but one. This word is WINDY.
WINDY DAY
WINDY YOUTH
The word WINDY contains only one letter N!
However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then according to the rule two letters N are written.
WINDLESS NIGHT (the word has a prefix)
Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS The following poem helps.
Windy young man, windy day!
You can easily remember:
I always write only one N!
Windless morning, day or night!
Without applying the rules of knowledge,
Write two N without hesitation!
3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes
Two letters N are written in adjective names formed using the suffix N from nouns with a stem starting with the letter N.
PLAIN = PLAINS N A+ N
LONG= DURATION N A+ N
TRUE= TRUE N A+ N
OUTSTANDING= DIKOVI N A+ N
PANCAKE = BLI N +N
The following poetic rule helps to write the double letter N in an adjective.
Fog one has N,
But if the city became foggy,
Based on N and suffix N,
And it turns out NN,
Remember this case is strange.
4. Something to remember
There are several words in the Russian language that do not have the suffix N and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and the double NN is mistakenly written in them.
Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, RUSH, YOUNG, PORK one letter N is written, which is part of the root.
5. Analyzing examples
Let's determine how many letters N are written in the following adjectives and why.
GUSINY(this word has an “animal” suffix -IN -, in which one letter N is written),
TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends in the letter N. The suffix N is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters N),
STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write НН),
LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter N),
WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter N is written),
INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write НН),
GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write NN).
6. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes
When choosing N, NN for writing in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.
Table 1. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes ()
7. N, NN in short adjectives
It should be remembered that in short names There are as many Ns written in adjectives as there are in full ones: traditional is traditional, smart is smart.
Bibliography
- Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
- Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- ReferenceTable().
- Presentation ().
- Additional exercise ().
Homework
Task No. 1
Insert the missing letters Н or НН where necessary. Justify your answer.
Yu..y, yu..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..yy, tin..yy, straight..yy, hurricane..yy, debatable..yy, swan..yy, wind..y, windy..oh, windless..yy, axy..yy, morning..yy, morning..ik, glassy..yy, toiler..yy, silver..yy, silver..ka, silverless..ik, family..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..y, hemp..ik, sparrow..y, nightingale..oh, stirrup..oh, family..oh, Red Banner..y, triumphant..yy, vital..yy, old..yy, guest..aya, guest..itsa, butter..yy, butter..itsa, wind..itsa, va..aya, ple..y, whole..y, drunk..yy, zealous..yy, ruddy..yy, ruddy..yy, fiery..yy, sandy..yy, craft..yy, secondary..yy, retired..y, clay..yy, beastly..yy, offspring..yy, precious..yy, bully..yy, flat-headed..yy, half-dead..yy, wild..yy, not strong..yy, sheep..y, infectious..y, sympathetic..yy, seven-lined..yy, countless..yy, friendly..yy, oaty..yy, simultaneous..yy, ants..yy, car..yy, mouse..y, pig..oh, pig..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mal..ik, os..ik, ripple..ik, friend..ik, moshe..ik, windy..ik, side..ik, smart..y, ko..itsa, lee..yy, sandy..ik, travel..ik, vlasya..itsa, vish..ik, weathered..yy, kure..oh (ataman).
Task No. 2
Make the “silent” table speak: write down where there are gaps necessary words. Write out adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.
1. He slept, all shining, in an oak manger,
Like a ray of moonlight in the hollow of a hollow.
They replaced him with a sheep's skin
Donkey lips and nostrils of an ox.
B. Pasternak
2. And the birch tree stands in so... silence,
And snowflakes burn in golden fire.
S. Yesenin
3. Do you love ice...oh January,
No wind, brutal cold.
And I am fierce February,
Blizzard, defiant drifting snow.
N and NN in all parts of speech
On our website you can.1956 rules:
§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.
Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).
Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.
Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.
A suffix is written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.
§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.
§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.
But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from verbs in -ovat, -evat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, salted cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.
Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.
§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).
If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also with one n are written the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person).
§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. and in feminine and neuter gender units. including short adjectives formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.
Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.
Clear sign
The rule is quite difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses on our website.Examples
Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the verb of non-form).
Zazare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).
Heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).
Canned nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).
Bow fire n(participle in short form).
Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).
These people are immoral and restrictive. nnы (short adjective derived from the participle).
He's more concerned nn o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).
Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).
Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).
Karti nn y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).
Celebration nn th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).
Everything was very festive nn o (adverb from solemn).
What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).
One letter N is written in the words:
Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, gift, hotel, living room, gold-forged, imprisoned father, named brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, mummered, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Maslenitsa, boneman, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.
Two letters NN are written in the words:
Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, bought, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.
Adjectives:
1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yang-, -in- are written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related.Exception : windy, oily.
3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n using a suffix -n-, spelled two -n-:picturen -a + n th).
Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:
Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:
1) if they have the prefix: everything is plowed, from boiled(But: with a mental boy, called brother);
2) if they have dependent words: Varennaya with milk;
3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, paved;
4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed verb of the perfect form (except wounded):deprived;
IN short participles one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:
well-mannered participle from the verb “to educate”; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up o, brought up s And well-mannered adjective; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up.
How to distinguish? It’s possible according to the meaning, but it’s easier to try to substitute the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, but in the second it is quite possible. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.
Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain painted (paint, imperfect species); smoothly colored (painted, perfect view).
Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: were organized.
In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many are written -n-, how many of them were in the production base: pupil ( from ‘ well-mannered’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .
Two - n- written in all words formed from stems to -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foam (pen -a+n -y), hexagon (six+sided b+n ik).
Tasks.
His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).
Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective because it can be replaced by the full form exquisite. We determine the spelling of the full form: izizka…y is formed from the verb izyskat, which has the prefix iz-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form. Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from the imperfect verb to pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The car is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with the verb underloaded. In short participles one N is written. Thus, correct option- answer No. 4.
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?
The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.
In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures of mummers with (2) sooty faces, a girlish figure in a snow-white dress with braided (3) sleeves stands out clearly.
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter N?
In the painting “Kermessa,” Rubens depicted a crowd of heated (1) townspeople, desperately (2) dancing a frenzied (3) dance.