The last population census in the Russian Federation took place. Population censuses in Russia. Census of new Russia

A trial population census is planned in our country in the fall of 2018. It will affect a small proportion of citizens, but if there is a desire, then almost anyone can participate in it. The trial census will be a preparation for the upcoming large population census. Test census of Russia in 2018: who will be affected, how to participate, when will there be a big census in Russia.

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When will the next population census be held in Russia?

A full-scale all-Russian population census will take place in Russia in 2020 and is planned for October. From October 1 to October 31, 2020, Rosstat will clarify the number of citizens, their social status, place of residence, family status, etc.

By the time of the new census, 10 years have passed since the previous general population census was taken in Russia. 10 years is a mandatory standard in accordance with UN recommendations.

According to the results of the 2010 census, Russia had a population of 142.9 million. 74% of them lived in cities, 26% in rural areas.

Compared to the 2002 census, the 2010 census showed a decrease in the country's population by 2.3 million. The number of villages/villages decreased by approximately 8.5 thousand people. The latter is explained by the consolidation of settlements, in which the nearest villages are included in large cities.

In 2010, 19.4 thousand villages and hamlets existed only on paper. When the census takers arrived there, it turned out that no one lived there - everyone had left and died out.

The 2020 Census should be especially exciting for a number of reasons. First of all, it will be the first since Russia grew in area and population after its inclusion in Crimea. It will also provide a real understanding of the current socio-economic situation in the regions. After the crisis that began several years ago, this is very important.

In 2018, a rehearsal for the big general census will take place. A trial census of Russia's population will take place in October. A little more than half a million people will fall under it.

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Why is it needed and when will the trial population census take place in 2018?

The trial census will take place October 1-31, 2018. It is necessary to test new census methods, as well as to estimate the cost of a large census and how to optimize its costs.

One of the innovations that will be tested during the trial census in October 2018 is the opportunity to participate in the census via the Internet.

In 2016, this possibility was introduced into Russian laws, and today filling out a census questionnaire on the Internet is absolutely legal. Why do they use the State Services portal? Anyone with a verified account on it will have the opportunity to fill out the census questionnaire themselves.

The law adopted in 2016 and allowing participation in the census in absentia also introduced mandatory trial population censuses. The first of them is planned for October.

People who will take part in the trial census were selected using a separate method. The census will take place in 10 specially selected points in Russia - from Moscow to the Yakutsk ulus.

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Where will the 2018 trial population census take place?

The ten areas of the country selected for the pilot census in October 2018 are:

1. Elbrus municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,
2. Sviblovo district NEAD of Moscow,
3. Veliky Novgorod urban district,
4. Municipal district of Knyazhevo, St. Petersburg,
5. City of Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory,
6. Nizhneudinsky municipal district of Irkutsk region,
7. Katangsky municipal district of Irkutsk region,
8. Municipal district "Khangalassky ulus" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),
9. Aleutsky municipal district of Kamchatka Territory,
10. Urban settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Sakhalin region.

It should be noted that not only those living in these settlements will have the opportunity to participate in the trial census. Through State Services, every person will have this opportunity.

The 1st stage of the census will take place on October 1-10: citizens will be given the opportunity to fill out the questionnaire themselves.

On October 11-15, Rosstat will create lists of addresses taking into account people who have already completed the census via the Internet.

On October 16-31, stationary sites will be opened, where people who were not reached by census takers will have the opportunity to contact them, and a door-to-door and door-to-door survey will take place. Thus, in the second half of October, the population census will be carried out in the old, usual way.

If the trial population census is considered successful, then the 2020 general census will follow the same pattern.

A population census is a scientifically organized operation of collecting data on the size and composition of the population, summarizing, assessing, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic and social data about the entire population living at a certain point in time in a country or a clearly limited part of it.

The history of the census in Russia includes several periods, during which census takers were interested in completely different issues.
The beginning of population registration on the territory of Russia was laid by the Kiev and Novgorod principalities in the 9th century. Accounting was carried out for fiscal purposes, that is, for taxation.

From the second half of the 13th century, during the period of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, population censuses were carried out in individual Russian principalities to determine the amount of tribute. The same goals were pursued by censuses in the Transcaucasus in the 70s of the 13th century.

Accounting at that time was economic: houses or “smoke” were taken into account for taxation of tribute, then the object of taxation in the 14th century became land plots productively used in the economy - plow (later - quarter, tithe). The so-called soshnoe letter was compiled, the results of the descriptions were entered into the scribe books. In the 17th century, the unit of taxation became the yard, and the main form of accounting was household censuses.

In 1718, Peter the Great issued a decree that ordered “to take fairy tales from everyone (give them a year’s time), so that the truthful ones would bring how many male souls they have in each village.” The lists compiled in this way ("fairy tales") were collected only after three years, and then over the next three years they were subjected to verification - "revision". Since then, population records in Russia began to be called “audits of the taxable population” or simply “audits.” Such audits were carried out for almost a century and a half, until the abolition of serfdom. In total, ten revisions took place in Russia, the last one in 1857-1860. These audits lasted for several years and were very inaccurate, since they did not take into account the actual number of residents, but only those “assigned” from the tax-paying classes, i.e. people included in the lists for paying taxes. The landowners were in no hurry to submit the next revision “fairy tale”, so many of the dead were listed as alive.

After the abolition of serfdom, population censuses began to be carried out in individual cities and even entire provinces, but many of them were government police “population censuses”, in which information was simply collected from householders about the number of residents not even living, but registered in their houses.

A trial population census will be held in Russia this fall. It will affect a small percentage of the population, although almost any resident of the country will be able to take part in it if they wish.

The trial census will be a preparation for the large population census that is being prepared soon. Population census in 2018 - who will be affected, how to take part in the trial census, when there will be a large population census in Russia.

A full-fledged All-Russian population census will be held in our country in 2020. It is scheduled for October. Throughout the month, from October 1 to October 31, 2020, Rosstat will clarify data such as the number of Russians, their social status, places of residence, family conditions, etc.

By the time of the new census, ten years will have passed since the last general population census was conducted in Russia. The ten-year cycle is now a mandatory norm - this is the UN recommendation for all countries of the world.

According to the results of the 2010 census, Russia had a population of 142.9 million. 74 percent of them lived in cities, 26 percent in rural areas.

Compared to the 2002 census, the 2010 campaign showed that the country's population had decreased by 2.3 million people. There are fewer villages and hamlets - by about 8.5 thousand people. The latter fact is explained by the consolidation of settlements, when the nearest villages are included in the big city.

Even more villages and hamlets - 19.4 thousand - existed only formally in 2010. When the census takers reached them, it turned out that not a single person lived there. People left there and died out.

The 2020 census should be especially interesting for many reasons. Firstly, it will be the first since Russia has grown in area and population after being included in part of neighboring Ukraine. Secondly, it will give a more realistic understanding of what the socio-economic situation looks like in each region of the country. After what began in 2014-2015. economic crisis is especially important.

In 2018, a kind of rehearsal for the future general census will take place. A trial census of Russia's population will take place in October this year. A little more than half a million Russians will fall under it.

The trial census will be carried out from October 1 to October 31, 2018. It is needed to test new ways of conducting a census, as well as to estimate the cost of a future census and ways to optimize census costs.

One of the new features that will be tested during the pilot census in October 2018 will be the ability to take part in the census via the Internet.

In 2016, this possibility was introduced into Russian legislation, and now filling out a census questionnaire on the Internet has become an absolutely legal option. For this purpose, the capacity of the State Services portal will be used. Anyone with a verified account on this portal will be able to complete the census questionnaire themselves.

The same law that was adopted in 2016 and made it possible to participate in the census in absentia also introduced mandatory trial population censuses, reports the Ros-Registr website. The first of them will take place in October.

Citizens who will become participants in the trial census were selected using a special method. The census will take place in 10 specially selected regions of the country - from the capital to the Yakut ulus.

The ten districts of the country that were selected for the pilot census in October 2018 are as follows:

1. Elbrus municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,
2. Sviblovo district NEAD of Moscow,
3. Veliky Novgorod urban district,
4. municipal district of Knyazhevo of St. Petersburg,
5. city ​​of Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory,
6. Nizhneudinsky municipal district of Irkutsk region,
7. Katangsky municipal district of Irkutsk region,
8. municipal district "Khangalassky ulus" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),
9. Aleutsky municipal district of Kamchatka Territory,
10. urban-type settlement of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Sakhalin region.

It is worth keeping in mind that not only residents of the listed areas will be able to take part in the trial census. Using the State Services portal, any resident of the country can do this.

From October 1 to October 10, the first stage of the census will take place, when Russians will be able to fill out the proposed questionnaire on their own. It does not matter whether they live in the places where the face-to-face phase of the pilot census is being conducted or somewhere else.

From October 11 to 15, Rosstat will generate lists of residential addresses taking into account those people who have already completed the census via the Internet.

From October 16 until the end of the month, stationary sites will operate, where those who were not reached by census takers can turn, and door-to-door and door-to-door visits will also be carried out. That is, in the second half of October, the population census will be carried out in the old, familiar way.

If the trial population census experience is successful, it will be according to this scheme that the 2020 general census will be carried out.

About plans for conducting the All-Russian Population Census of the 2020 round. Meeting of the Statistics Section of the House of Scientists

On April 4, 2013, a meeting of the Statistics Section of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held, at which Galina Evgenievna Sheverdova, Deputy Head of the Department of Population and Health Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), made a report “On plans for conducting the next round of the All-Russian Population Census round - 2020”.

The abstracts of this report are published below.

Preparation of the All-Russian Population Census round 2020 (VPN-2020) will be carried out taking into account:

• regulatory legal framework of the Russian Federation;
• international recommendations for conducting population and housing censuses;
• phenomena and trends observed in society;
• possibility of comparison with the results of previous All-Russian population censuses.

1. Census subjects - citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons located on the date of the All-Russian Population Census on the territory of the Russian Federation. Foreign citizens who have immunity and privileges in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation are not subject to the population census.

For each locality, municipality, subject of the Russian Federation and for the country as a whole, the number of the following categories of population will be obtained:

• permanent residents (including temporarily absent);
• temporary residents (less than 1 year, regardless of whether they reside permanently in Russia or abroad).

2. Census date - point in time (year, month, day and hour) at which information about the population is collected and recorded.

3. Data collection methods

During the VPN-2020, census electronic and paper questionnaires (completely identical in the composition of the questions) and 3 methods of collecting information about the population will be used:

• respondents independently filling out electronic questionnaires on the Internet;
• filling out electronic questionnaires by a census taker (an employee from among the hired temporary staff) on tablet computers with pre-installed specialized software;
• traditional census taker filling out paper questionnaires (double-sided machine-readable census forms) with a pen with gel paste.

The collection of information throughout the entire period of the census will also be carried out in special premises - stationary sites - on electronic or paper questionnaires.

The use of tablet computers by census takers is more possible in cities with a population of 100 thousand people or more, where almost half of the country's population lives.

In other settlements, census takers will use traditional paper questionnaires.

4. Organization of data collection

User registration in the system is based on a combination of residential address and personalized information about the respondent. The registered user must correspond in the residential premises in which he permanently resides. To enumerate all residents of this residential premises, it is enough to register one of the permanent residents in it and fill out electronic questionnaires for yourself and the rest of the residents of this premises.

At the end of the Internet Census on October 15-16, 2020, based on electronic lists of addresses in which data on the population completing the Internet Census is noted, lists of addresses of residential premises in which the population has not completed the Internet Census are compiled for visiting by census takers.

From 17 to 30 October 2020 year, the census taker walks around all the premises of his enumeration area, records confirmation of the completion of the census via the Internet, conducts a survey of the population who did not complete the Internet census, and fills out census questionnaires (using a tablet computer or on paper census forms). All clarifying questions about the number of residents, completed census forms, and the number of people who did not complete the Internet Census are clarified by the census taker when walking around residential premises.

5. Technological and regulatory support

In the absence of a unified state population register, Rosstat will use the existing departmental registers of personalized population records of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (containing information about Russian citizens registered in the country at their place of residence) and the Federal Migration Service of Russia (containing information about foreign citizens and stateless persons who have entered to the territory of Russia during the year before VPN-2020).

For the purposes of the VPN-2020, Rosstat will create an official state census portal, which will be accessible both from the official Rosstat website and from the already existing “Public Services Portal”.

To implement the proposed concept, it is necessary to make changes to the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1) Regulatory approval of the use of departmental registers of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Migration Service of Russia for the purposes of the population census.

2) Introducing the obligation for the population to participate in the All-Russian Population Census.

3) Introduction of responsibility of persons collecting information about the population for the quality and reliability of the collected data.

4) Addition to the Federal Law "On the All-Russian Population Census":

• a list of collected information about the population with data on last name, first name, patronymic, place of actual permanent residence, place of temporary location at the time of counting the population, registration address at the place of residence and ownership of residential premises, which is the place of permanent residence,
• provisions on the possibility of a respondent to authorize another respondent living in the same residential premises to transmit information about himself for the purposes of the population census;
• provisions on the possibility of collecting information about the population using information and communication means.

6. Information about the population collected during the census

The draft program of the VPN-2020 includes almost all the basic population characteristics recommended by the UNECE for population censuses in accordance with the “Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians on Population and Housing Censuses 2010”, ECE/CES/STAT/NONE/2006/4 , with the exception of characteristics of occupation, sphere of economic activity and residence abroad and the year of arrival in the country.

The composition of the questions of the draft VPN Program-2020 repeats the questions of the VPN-2010 Program with the addition of questions about the registration address at the place of residence and the ownership of residential premises. Machine-readable forms C “List of residents in the premises” and CPL “Census control sheet” are being introduced.

7. Results of the population census

Based on the results of the population census, the following summary information will be obtained.

General resident population in each territorial unit is calculated by summing the permanently (usually) resident persons who were present at the time of the population count, and the permanently resident persons, but temporarily absent at the time of the population count.

The number of people temporarily staying on the date of the census of the population in each territorial unit, but permanently residing:

a) in another territorial unit of the Russian Federation;

b) outside the Russian Federation.

In addition, the number of civilians and military personnel of each territorial unit will be presented, as well as the population registered in each territorial unit at the place of residence.

The next All-Russian population census will take place in 2020. Population information will be collected from October 1 to October 31, 2020. The corresponding order was signed in November 2017 Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.

It is assumed that the collection of information about Russians will take place in various ways, including in electronic form. In July 2017, at a meeting on the All-Russian Population Census, Medvedev proposed conducting it both in the traditional way of door-to-door (census takers personally at home will either fill out paper sheets or enter data into a special electronic form), and remotely (citizens themselves will be able to complete the online survey via home computers, tablets and smartphones).

As reported by Rosstat, the need for such an innovation is determined by the experience of conducting previous censuses in 2002 and 2010. The fact is that the last time more than a million people did not let the census takers into their homes, and 2.6 million people were not at home at all at that time.

Similar experiences with Internet censuses have already taken place in other countries, for example, the USA, Canada, Estonia and Bulgaria. It also worked well in Japan, when in October 2015, residents of the Land of the Rising Sun were able to provide data about themselves and their lives using a regular smartphone.

To prepare for the 2020 census, including testing new methods of collecting information, a trial population census is being held in Russia in October 2018.

How and when will the trial census take place?

The trial population census began on October 1 and will end on October 31, 2018. It will take place in two stages.

The first stage - from October 1 to October 10 - is all-Russian, and any resident of the country can take part in it. Information is collected via the Internet; electronic census forms are filled out on the Unified Portal of State Services (gosuslugi.ru). To participate in the online census, you must have a verified account on this portal. One verified account is enough to register all family members.

The second stage - from October 16 to October 31 - is local, it will take place in 10 pilot districts in 9 constituent entities of Russia:

1. Elbrus municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic;

2. Sviblovo district of the North-Eastern administrative district of Moscow;

3. City of Veliky Novgorod;

4. Municipal district of Knyazhevo of St. Petersburg;

5. City of Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory;

6. Nizhneudinsky municipal district of the Irkutsk region;

7. Katangsky municipal district of the Irkutsk region;

8. Municipal district "Khangalassky ulus" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);

9. Aleutsky municipal district of Kamchatka Territory;

10. Urban settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Sakhalin region.

In these areas there will be a door-to-door walk-through: from October 16 to 27 - a 100% walk-through, and from October 28 to 31 - a selective control walk-through of 10% of apartments. Census workers, depending on the pilot area, will use both mobile electronic devices (tablet computers and smartphones) and traditional paper machine-readable census forms to collect information.

Residents of these areas can complete the census via the Internet on the government services portal from October 1 to October 10: in this case, the census taker will need to show a special confirmation code, which can be obtained on the website.

In addition, residents of pilot areas can register at stationary sites.

When were the previous censuses in Russia?

In the Russian Federation, the All-Russian population census was held twice: in October 2002 and 2010.

The last time a large-scale census in Russia took place was from October 14 to October 25, 2010. According to its results, the country's population amounted to 142,905,200 people. Since the 2002 census, Russia has shifted in population from 7th to 8th place in the world.

Also, from October 14 to October 25, 2014, in connection with the entry of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation, a census of the Crimean Federal District was conducted. The permanent population living on its territory was 2284.8 thousand.