Step-by-step instructions for making a wooden staircase yourself. Stairs to the second floor in a private house - a guide to manufacturing and self-assembly How to make a straight staircase to the second floor

If you are planning to build a two-story private house or a country house, then at some point during construction you will need to take care of constructing a staircase to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, some experience, as well as a sufficient amount of free time. Isn't it better to take advantage of the profitable and... offer from our professional company in Moscow? We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic capabilities of our clients. And you can find the current price list and 100 magnificent photos of structures in the presented article.

100 photos of the most beautiful staircases for every taste

Before we begin to get acquainted with the incredible variety of staircase systems from a domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let’s get acquainted with a little theory - and what kind of staircases exist in nature.

Types of staircase systems depending on design

So, staircase structures to the second floor are divided into the following types:

Screw

Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent appearance. Their main advantage is their small size, allowing the structure to be placed even in a very small area of ​​the room.

Photo 1.

Marching

This type of staircase structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.

Photo 2.

Combined

This type of staircase is a wonderful solution for those who want to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.

Photo 3.

Types of staircase structures depending on the material

Today, modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of various staircase systems made from materials such as:

• Wood of various species;

Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, a product made of oak with handmade railings will cost much more than a staircase made of beech or spruce

• Marble and other natural mineral;

Photo 5.

• Ultra-light metal alloys;

Photo 6.

• Forged construction;

Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. The high cost of such work is more than compensated by the incredibly impressive appearance of the product.

• Concrete system;

Photo 8.

• Combined designs that include several materials in one product - wood, metal, stone.

Photo 9. Staircase structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition

Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the company's assortment you will find a huge number of ready-made products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original project.

Photo 10. Spectacular and high-quality products from the company "Stairs Profi" will fit perfectly into both modern and classic interiors

Huge selection of inexpensive stairs in Moscow

The huge and varied catalog of our company presents ready-made stairs at attractive and competitive prices, classified in the following areas:

• modular designs;

Photo 11. The modular system fits perfectly into any modern interior

• wooden crafts;

Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly

• stairs for cottages;

Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home

• second floor structures;

Photo 14.

• custom products;

Photo 15. Order a staircase from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition

• spiral staircases;

Photo 16.

• products with forged elements

Photo 17. Staircases decorated with forging are always in trend

• metal structures and other types.

Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for a stylish country house

Staircase designs for every taste

Photo 19.
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Photo 22.
Photo 23. Photo 24.
Photo 25.
Photo 26.
Photo 27. There are all sorts of staircases that do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create comfort and emphasize the style of your home
Photo 29. Wood is the most versatile material for stairs
Photo 30.
Photo 31.
Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
Photo 33.
Photo 34. Designer design of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
Photo 36.
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Photo 40. One of the incredible design solutions
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a stair product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. A staircase with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy
Photo 53.

Price list for stairs from a company in Moscow

Let's take a closer look at the prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current prices.

Modular stairs

Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. The "Duet" design with beech steps is an economical and effective product for your interior

Modular stairs of the "Elegant" series are an excellent solution for a stylish interior at affordable prices presented below:

Photo 56.56 335 rub.
Photo 57.50 390 rub.
Photo 58.51 321 rub.
Photo 59.44 290 rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a 180 degree turn - price 47 160 rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748 rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of direct design - a stylish and effective product at an affordable price 70 858 rub.
Photo 63.78 498 rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree reversible design "Modern" - exclusive and fashionable design at an affordable price 125 262 rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a 90 degree turn, "Modern" series, cost 120 030 rub.
Photo 66. The product "SuperElegant" with a 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277 rub.
Photo 67.113 118 rub.
Photo 68.

Wooden stairs

This type of staircase products will appeal to those who value natural wood, simplicity and reliability of design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.

A staircase is an important functional element not only for multi-story buildings, but also for houses with attics and basements. In order for the structure to be comfortable and reliable, its dimensions must correspond to SNiPs, and the material and shape must correspond to the type of structure. How to assemble the structure with your own hands and what nuances should be taken into account - read below.

Metal stairs are considered the most durable and durable. But, firstly, in order to assemble them you need to have experience working with a welding machine. And, secondly, the metal frame does not always fit into the interior of the room (“bare” metal stairs would be appropriate in loft, hi-tech, minimalist interiors).

The easiest way to make a structure on a metal frame with your own hands is to purchase a modular device with fasteners included, which is assembled like a construction set. The convenience and durability of this design is evidenced by numerous positive reviews on the Internet. In private wooden houses and cottages you can often find wooden stairs, which are distinguished by their impressive appearance, reliability and lightness (which is important for a wooden house). In addition, wood should also be chosen for stairs in new buildings made of timber (due to shrinkage of the material).

According to fire safety regulations, in houses with two or more storeys, metal stairs should be installed that can guarantee evacuation from the upper floors in the event of a fire.

Simple staircase shape

The shape of both metal and wooden stairs can be any: from straight structures to spiral ones. Standard straight single-flight stairs are considered the easiest to assemble with your own hands. The disadvantages of the structures include the fact that due to the angle of inclination (if the staircase is designed taking into account all SNiP) they take up quite a lot of space on the lower floors.

Therefore, in a room of limited size, two-flight structures should be placed. The advantage of such stairs is that they can be used to save space in a small space: for example, the intermediate platform can be used as a “box” for storing household equipment and tools, and under the flight itself you can place a closet or sanitary unit.

A simple staircase in the house: basic requirements

Regardless of the material of manufacture and shape (straight or rotary), the simplest stairs are divided into the following types: with one or two stringers; open (without risers) and closed. The most comfortable and reliable designs are those with two bowstrings and risers.

In addition, for maximum safety and convenience, the design must:

1. It was designed for a load exceeding the weight of a person with an average build.
2. It had handrails and balusters with a height of at least 900 mm, located at a distance of no more than 15 cm (if there are small children in the house, then you can fence the stairs on the sides using plexiglass or mesh).
3. It was inclined at an angle of 35-45 degrees (for a staircase in a utility room, the angle of inclination may be greater).
4. It was equipped with steps with a width of 25-35 cm and a height of 15-20 cm.

In addition, a comfortable staircase should be well lit, have upper and lower frieze steps, and a passage height of at least two meters.

When designing a staircase, it should be taken into account that the height of the passage should be 50 mm greater than the height of the tallest family member.

Dimensions of a simple staircase

The dimensions of the staircase determine the level of its convenience and safety. According to fire safety rules, structures with a march width of 1.25-1.50 m are considered the safest (for a garden house, this value can be reduced to 800 cm, provided that a simple structure is located along the wall). The height of the stairs is calculated based on the finished floors of the upper and lower floors. The number of steps in a flight is calculated by dividing the height of the stairs by the optimal riser height.

There are two ways to calculate the length of the stairs:

1. Using the Pythagorean theorem (the length of the structure will be equal to the sum of the height of the room and the length of the projection of the stairs onto the floor in a square).
2. By multiplying the number of treads by their depth.

Using the second method, you should remember that the last treads and steps in front of the winder are not taken into account.

DIY simple metal staircase to the second floor

An ordinary staircase on a metal frame is a strong and durable design that allows you to quickly and safely climb to the second floor.

Assembling a staircase on a metal frame with your own hands involves the following procedure:

1. Calculation of all components of the staircase: from parts of the metal frame to the height and width of the steps (made of wood, plasterboard, glass, etc.).
2. Cutting metal and selected material for steps. You can do it yourself or at a hardware store.
3. Making fillets from metal corners - elements on which the steps will be installed. The size of the fillies is calculated individually for each design. The elements are welded with the shelves down and inward.
4. Installation of fillies on stringers using welding.
5. Installation of metal crossbars across each pair of corners and holders for steps.
6. Installation of stringers.
7. Sanding irregularities and joints in welding areas.
8. Priming the metal frame and painting it with waterproof paint.
9. Installation of steps from selected and prepared in advance material.
10. Installation of balusters, railings.

Balusters can be installed on the base by welding or to the end of the step using bolts.

Do-it-yourself wooden ordinary staircase

It is easier to assemble a staircase made of wood: lumber can be cut to order at a hardware store, and to install the elements, most often, a regular screwdriver is used.

When choosing lumber for stairs, you should focus on hard types of wood: for example, a 4 cm wide pine board for stringers. You can also make steps from pine, and risers from pine needles.

A wooden staircase is assembled from the installation of a winder platform (if the staircase has two flights): a frame is made from timber, reinforced in the middle with stiffening ribs, on which a wooden rectangular flooring is mounted. Simply put, the assembled platform should resemble a stool in appearance.

Next comes the assembly of the flight of stairs (first the bottom one - up to the landing): steps and risers are installed on the stringers using nails and self-tapping screws. There is another installation method - the steps cut into the bowstrings. Anchors or studs are used to install balusters and fence posts. Afterwards, handrails are installed.

To give the structure additional strength, after installing the steps, the stringers are tightened with metal ties installed on the threads at a distance of 2-3 steps.

Upon completion of assembly, the structure is sanded and puttied, painted in the desired color and covered with several layers of varnish.

Construction of a simple staircase (video)

A staircase is an important architectural component of any building, which allows you to move freely between the tiers of the building. The simplest design can be made on either a wooden or metal frame. Which option to choose depends on the wishes and skills of the master. The main thing is that the stairs are assembled taking into account building codes and regulations. Then the device will be as convenient and safe as possible!

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you take on the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, make a spiral staircase from metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform external finishing (with beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you don’t need to jump straight into a complex structure. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal elevation angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must support the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the staircase is more than a meter, then the third) stringer. Let's cut the required number of steps to size.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY staircase photo

Note!

The staircase is far from the last and not always the simplest detail in building a house. The planning and construction of a staircase must be approached in the same thoughtful and balanced manner as the construction of the house itself. At the stage of creating a design project for home improvement, it is necessary to think about what role the staircase will play in the interior, whether it should merge with the interior and be inconspicuous or, on the contrary, be “explosive” and draw attention to itself. On our website you can find options for constructing stairs from different materials; in this article we will tell you about options for making wooden stairs.

Design options

The design during the manufacture of stairs made of wood, like any other material, is classified according to the following parameters:

• installation location;
• direction;
• method of fastening.

According to the place of installation, stairs are divided into:

• Internal - such stairs are located indoors and are not directly affected by external factors (rain, snow, frost, sun). Internal stairs also include stairs to a cellar or basement, but they, like external ones, must be treated with a protective coating.

• External – located outdoors, they require special attention at the stage of selecting materials (it is advisable to use moisture-resistant materials), as well as at the stage of processing the finished product (coating with weather-resistant coatings is necessary to protect the entire structure). External stairs are made not only to the second floor, it can also be a porch for entering the house and a staircase to the roof.

• Turning - staircase to the second floor made of wood with a turn. They are divided into: L-shaped (with a rotation of 90°), U-shaped (with a rotation of 180°), with turning platforms and rotary steps, spiral staircases, as well as combined versions of L- or U-shaped with spiral ones.

Mounting methods:

• A stringer is an element that is obtained by cutting out triangular elements from a board of the same shape as a groove on a bowstring. The result will be a board in the shape of a saw; on the second board you need to make exactly the same cutouts in a mirror image. The steps must be laid on platforms, and the riser must be screwed to the vertical plane. If you look at a staircase on stringers from the side, steps will be visible.

• A bowstring is an element in which grooves for steps are cut in the shape as shown in the figure; such grooves must be made mirrored on two boards, then steps and a riser are inserted into them. If you look at a ladder on a bowstring from the side, you will not see the steps.

• On girders - in a girder design, load-bearing railings are used, to which steps are attached using metal rods; on the other side, the steps are attached to the wall, provided that the wall is strong enough. If there is no solid wall on the other side, you can use a stringer or bowstring. Sometimes load-bearing railings are placed on both sides; this is more common when the staircase is located not near the wall, but in the middle of the room.

• Cantilever design The staircase gives a complete feeling of weightlessness, on such a staircase there are no risers and the railings are usually located on one side near the wall, creating the feeling that the steps are simply floating in the air.

• A folding staircase has many advantages, especially in rooms with limited free space. Such stairs include an extension ladder, an attic ladder, and a stepladder. The easiest way to make an extension ladder with your own hands is also from wood; this does not require special equipment, such as a welding machine in the case of working with metal.

Stair elements

Today, the technology for manufacturing wooden stairs is as convenient and practical as possible; there are many ready-made elements on the market with which you can assemble your own stairs. To install a staircase, you need to understand its components and their functionality.

Main elements of stairs:

• handrail or railing;
• stand - supporting part of the structure;
• stringer - an element that bears the main load;
• the bowstring is also a support-bearing component;
• steps;
• risers - vertical components of steps;
• treads – horizontal fragments of steps;
• radius steps;
• winder steps;
• radius riser;
• balusters - partitions between railings and steps.

Plans and drawings, features of calculating staircase parameters

If you want to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, do not forget to prepare a project for the future staircase or a minimum set of drawings with all the necessary calculations. Completing this stage is important to minimize and eliminate the possibility of making a mistake at the installation stage, as a result of which the completed work will have to be redone.

At the design stage, it will be necessary to answer several questions on which all the parameters of the future staircase depend:

1. purpose of the staircase (attic, interfloor, staircase to the basement or cellar, porch to the house, staircase to help with housework);
2. functionality (folding with various options - stepladder-chair, ironing board-stepladder, stepladder-stand);
3. intensity of use and in what conditions (indoor or outside for personal use, stairs in production, in a store, in public places for moving a large number of people and goods).

By answering these questions, you can create the most comfortable and functional staircase. In this article we will try to talk about the main standard parameters of the stairs. You can get a calculation of the parameters of a specific staircase using the online calculator on our website or in an article about a staircase for a specific design.

Stair height

The height of the staircase will depend on the distance on the ground floor from the finished floor to the ceiling and on the thickness of the ceiling between the first and second floors (often installation of the staircase begins at the stage of building a house, it is important not to forget that the height of the first floor is calculated from the finished floor, taking into account the floor screed and finishing floor covering). The figure clearly shows the parameters, knowledge of which is necessary at the initial stage of staircase construction.

Number of steps

To determine the number of steps it will be convenient to use the table below. It shows the dependence of the number of steps on the height of the stairs and the height of the riser. Dividing the height of the staircase by the height of the riser, we get a number, rounding which you will get the required number of steps of the staircase.

Riser height

The height of the riser directly depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs. The figure below shows the optimal angles of inclination for different types of stairs and ramps. The most comfortable tilt angle for use in residential areas is 24-37°, which corresponds to approximately 160-180 mm, the area highlighted in green in the figure.

Step width

To determine the width of the step, it is more convenient to use the formula shown in the figure, the dependence of the step width (600-640 mm) and the height of the riser. There are a number of restrictions that must be adhered to when making calculations:

• The edge of the tread should not hang down more than 50 mm.
• The tread width should not be less than 100 mm.

The width of the steps is based on the formula: 600 - 2*160 = 280 mm.

March width

The width of the flight will depend on the functionality of the stairs:

• For safe use, the span width must be at least 90-100 cm.
• To move furniture between floors and for two people to calmly move in the opposite direction, a width of 125-150 cm is required.

Plan length of the staircase

To determine the length of the staircase, you need to multiply the number of steps by the width of the step. For our example, the initial data: the ceiling height of the first floor is 2700 mm, the riser height is 160 mm, the number of steps is 17, based on this, 17 * 280 = 4760 mm is the length of the staircase.

Based on this parameter, you can understand whether a straight single-flight staircase fits into your room or whether you need to use a wooden staircase to the second floor with a turning platform or turning steps. You can also use the staircase calculation calculator available on our website.

Ceiling opening size

When making a staircase from wood with our own hands, we are faced with the need to calculate this parameter. It will depend on the angle of inclination of the stairs; it is also necessary to take into account the height of the people who will use the stairs. The distance between the step and the edge of the opening in the ceiling must be at least 200 cm, and if there is a person who regularly uses the stairs and has a height of, for example, 220 cm, the distance between the step and the edge of the opening must be at least 230 cm. The staircase must be as comfortable as possible, and compliance with this parameter is necessary so that you do not have to bend over when descending and ascending.

Required tools and materials

A staircase to the second floor made of wood, with or without a turn, should be comfortable and safe, so it is better to use high-quality material of sufficient strength.

When installing a ladder with your own hands, among other things, you will need screws, nails, and metal corners to strengthen the structure. To install the stairs you will need the following tools:

• perforator;
• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• hacksaw or saw;
• roulette;
• corner.

How to make a wooden staircase with your own hands

Having gone through all the previous stages from design to selection of materials, you have come to the most important stage - the actual installation of the stairs. When building a wooden staircase with your own hands, step-by-step instructions will be very useful. In this section we will talk about a straight single-flight staircase. A description of self-installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor with a turn, as well as a spiral staircase, can be found on our website.

Installation of bowstrings or stringers

The assembly of a wooden staircase begins with the installation of a stringer (string):

1. On the board for the stringer, it is necessary to measure the previously calculated length of the stringer and make a cut in such a way that the lower part of the stringer lies edgewise on the floor plane.
2. To prepare the stringer, you need to mark the width of the step and the height of the riser on the board using a corner, taking into account the thickness of the boards for them.
3. Using a hacksaw, you should make the cuts; it is important that the plane on which the steps will be installed is parallel to the floor.

When installing a wooden staircase, depending on the width of the span, more than two stringers may be required to strengthen the structure.

Installation of a wooden ladder is possible not only on a solid stringer; the figure below shows an option for assembling a stringer with fillies and an option for assembling a bowstring.

Assembly of steps and risers

Installation of fences

To ensure safe movement and to give the structure an aesthetic appearance, fences are installed.

Support balusters are installed on the lower and upper steps; a rope needs to be pulled between the balusters, which will imitate a handrail, under which the remaining balusters will need to be adjusted. Holes are made in the steps at a distance from the edge of ½ the width of the baluster. Then dowels are glued into them (so that they protrude 10-15 mm above the surface).

Holes equal to the diameter of the dowels are made at the bases of the posts and balusters. The blanks are placed on dowels using glue, aligned vertically. Next, prepare the railings, the edges of which are cut at the desired angle and milled from below. For fastening to a support, holes are made on the cut of the workpieces. The railings are mounted on a dowel fixed with glue in the support post.

Processing of the finished product

The treatment of the staircase directly depends on its location and the conditions in which it is located. If this is a staircase in a basement where there is dampness, it is necessary to treat the wood with a moisture-resistant coating, otherwise such a staircase will not last long.

Depending on what materials were used during installation, whether any elements were puttyed and what effect you plan to achieve, the type of treatment for the stairs is selected.

Various types of compounds are used for processing: stain, varnish, paint, veneering is also possible.

How to make a ladder with your own hands? This is the question asked by those who want to build a house or cottage on their own, or equip a two-level apartment. By and large, there is nothing special in arranging a staircase, since the latest technologies significantly simplify this process. Therefore, if you are a skilled person, then making a metal staircase or a staircase from wood with your own hands will not be difficult. In this article you will learn what types of interfloor stairs there are, what material they are made of and how to calculate the main parameters of the stairs. Follow the instructions carefully and you will succeed!

Staircase as an interior attribute

The staircase is one of the central elements of the interior of the room, and when designing it, much attention should be paid to the appearance, without forgetting about functionality and reliability. Before directly creating the staircase, it is recommended to take into account some factors on which its size and design will depend.

Such factors include the available area and height of the room, the ease of use of the stairs for people living in the house, and the maximum load for which the product is designed.

Architects argue that, as the focal point of the interior, the staircase carries the most important stylistic and structural load. Harmony between aesthetics and functionality can be achieved through careful planning at the design documentation stage. The geometric construction of the staircase depends on the design, material and operating conditions, so it must be determined before the start of construction work.

Thanks to modern technologies, a staircase can be impressive, equipped in the French style of the times of Louis XII, lightweight in an ultra-modern high-tech style, or massively rough in country style.

Marching stairs

Before deciding which staircase to choose, it is worth considering the main types - marching and spiral staircases. The design of a flight of stairs is quite simple and will suit you if you plan to make it yourself (flights are continuous rows of steps). But in this case, to ensure an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a considerable area is needed. Such staircase models are very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. Using the flight of stairs you can easily lift furniture and large objects to the second floor.

Such stairs are safe in all aspects, which is why they are the best choice if elderly people or children live in the house.
Marching stairs are straight and rotary. The first ones are the simplest. They are durable in design, easy to manufacture and convenient to use. If there are more than ten steps in the staircase, the flight is divided into two parts by an intermediate platform. This is how a turning staircase turns out. The advantage of a rotary model over a straight one is that steps at the same height occupy less area. Such stairs are usually installed along two walls, creating a storage room underneath them.

Spiral staircases

Spiral staircases have a more complex staircase frame: they consist of winder steps that are placed along the correct radius. They are used in cases of limited space, when it is not possible to create a safe slope of a conventional staircase due to lack of space. A spiral staircase is usually installed between two walls in the corner. The main disadvantages include the not very convenient design, which makes lifting difficult and does not allow moving large objects. However, a skillfully made spiral staircase is sufficiently durable and can act as the main connecting link of the interior; then it is installed in the center of the hall.

Spiral staircases can be purchased in a ready-to-install version. But depending on the wishes of the client, many architects deviate from the usual canons and go for some kind of experiment. As a result of such creativity, unexpected avant-garde designs are born. For example, curved stairs with steps located along an uneven radius (S-shaped, triangle, oval), broken (curvilinear, Z-shaped), petal (asymmetric steps, duck step) and attached models on casters.

Material for making stairs

Whatever staircase option you choose, ultimately, its durability and quality will depend on the materials used to construct the staircase. The material for making steps is stone (brick, shell rock, expanded clay concrete) or hard wood (ash, oak, maple, spruce, pine). Metals and their various alloys - aluminum or stainless steel - are best suited for stair railings. In the interiors of modern houses, staircases of a combined type, made of plastic, wood and metal, also look good.

When choosing materials for making stairs with your own hands, you must remember that stone steps are made only from blocks that are prepared using an industrial method and not otherwise. With artisanal methods of making steps from stone, it is unlikely that it will be possible to avoid cracks on them.

Wood can be easily processed at home and additionally provides a decorative effect with the correct use of paints and varnishes. In order to prevent deformation, wooden steps must be assembled from separate lamellas, which are glued together using special technologies. Wooden stairs made from oak planks are especially strong and durable.

Ready-made staircase sets

A large number of manufacturers offer private developers ready-made sets of various kinds of prefabricated staircases, which are manufactured in compliance with all necessary technical standards according to standard sizes from various materials.
This option will be acceptable for you if you want to save a significant amount of money on installation and want to be confident in the quality of the finished staircase. Before ordering a kit, it is recommended to calculate the stairs by measuring the height from the flight of stairs to the floor, the width and length of the flight of stairs.

Then you should select the appropriate size, type of ladder and material, and then you can order the model from the warehouse. Ready-made sets of stairs for installation in your home are so diverse that a private developer is not limited in realizing his design imagination. All production ladders are divided into several classes: economy, elite and business.

How to make your own stairs

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands, you first need to determine the geometry of the staircase opening. A spiral staircase looks best in the opening as a circle, while a rectangle or square will harmoniously fit a regular staircase. For beginners in the construction business, simple designs are intended, for example, stairs with winder steps attached to a stringer.

Components of the staircase

Those developers who are encountering the manufacture of stairs for the first time should become familiar with the basic structural elements of the staircase in order to understand what will be discussed in the future.

• Marching flight - steps running in a straight line;
• Turning area - the area that separates the march flights;
• Riser - vertical parts of steps;
• Stringer - a monolithic wooden or metal beam for securing steps;
• Steps - horizontal parts of steps;
• Balusters - supports for railings;
• Bowstring - a side beam that connects the steps;
• Winder steps are steps that structurally allow the staircase to turn;
• Frieze steps are the bottom and top steps of each floor.

Building codes

Any staircase must comply with established building codes, guarantee the safety of those living in the house and provide a comfortable climb to the second floor. Too high steps of the staircase make it difficult to climb, and small steps are dangerous and inconvenient - if you step too quickly and too often, you can trip. When building interfloor stairs, developers very often make mistakes. Therefore, it is necessary to design the project in detail and competently and make accurate calculations of the structure.

The first condition for the successful manufacture of interfloor stairs with your own hands is the correct calculation of the structure. Decide for yourself whether the staircase will be double-flight or single-flight, how wide you will make the staircase, what the height of the risers will be, and how wide the steps will be.

Width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs

When determining the width of the stairs, it should be remembered that the wider the structure, the better. Such stairs are safer and more comfortable for walking. To find out what height to make a wooden staircase, it is worth fixing a straight board on the top of the terrace in such a way that it overlaps with a margin the place from which the stairs are supposed to rise. Using a level, it is recommended to check the horizontal position of the board and adjust if necessary.

Next, you need to calculate the angle of inclination of the future staircase, because the correct angle of inclination is the main requirement for safe and comfortable movement. After all, going down or going up too steep stairs is difficult. The most convenient angle for moving up the stairs will be within 30 - 45 degrees. In addition, a design with a smaller angle takes up more space.

Riser height and step width

Having received the width and height of the stairs, you can begin to calculate the height of the riser. For climbing in practice, the most convenient are stairs with a riser height of 140 - 170 millimeters and a step width of 340 - 370 millimeters.
The height of the riser should be no more than 200 millimeters and no less than 120 millimeters.

The protrusion of the step should be about 20-40 millimeters. The higher you make the riser, the narrower the step should be, and vice versa. The width of the steps should at least be equal to its height. It is advisable that the step of your stairs corresponds to shoe size 42 or reaches 28-30 centimeters.

Marking stringers and cutting steps

Before placing the steps, you should decide how the stringer will join the terrace. It is directly attached to the terrace beam or under the platform to the structure in such a way that the last step is considered to be the surface of the terrace.
Next, take a metal marking square and a pattern, on which you should mark the calculated height of the riser, for example, 17 centimeters, and the width of the step, for example, 29 centimeters. And use a pattern to mark the stringer.

Next, use a circular saw to cut out the steps. Be careful, it is highly inadvisable to go beyond the lines. It is better to finish the sections with a handsaw. Then, using the finished stringer, mark the remaining stringers. It is not recommended to skimp on them because they provide rigidity to your stairs. But when deflections occur in the steps, the entire structure begins to loosen.

After this, cut the risers and steps. Please note that steps should be cut taking into account the thickness of the risers. And do not forget to take into account the protrusion of the step above the riser by 20-40 millimeters

Material selection

Any developer, after calculating the staircase and its main parameters, must choose a material, because the final cost, aesthetic appearance and operational properties of the finished staircase depend on it. Nowadays, oak, linden, pine, metal and glass are more popular. The material used to make the steps should ideally match the overall style of the home's interior.

If the floors in the room are finished with wood, then it is better to make the steps from raushpunt. To create balusters you need bars 50 by 50 centimeters; a blockhouse can make beautiful railings. You can buy decorative elements at any building materials store. Make regular and winder step surfaces in the quantity needed to make the stairs yourself. To make the edges look neater, they should be processed with a round cutter.

Installation of staircase structure

The installation of a staircase structure on stringers should begin with the installation of a support column and the installation of risers. You can secure the structure using self-tapping screws, but it is better to also use liquid nails so that the stairs do not creak. Then you need to adjust the turning steps. Now the base of the structure is ready.

It is necessary to mark the placement of the stringers on the wall; if the need arises, adjustments should be made to the calculated dimensions of the steps. Then the drawing is transferred from the wall to tracing paper, and after that - to the preparation of stringers. Using a simple hacksaw and a circular saw, recesses are made for the steps.

The finished stringer is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. The steps and the riser are connected to the stringer and to each other in the same way; the heads of the self-tapping screws go deep into the wood. The open part of the steps of your staircase is closed with a bowstring. Finally, railings for the stairs are made, balusters and decorative elements are attached. Under the stairs, for rational use, you can equip cabinets for various small items, a mezzanine and a dressing room.

In this article, you learned about the basic terms that are used in the manufacture of stairs, learned to calculate parameters such as the height and angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of steps and the height of risers, and also became familiar with the main materials that are used to make stairs. In any case, the ability to design a practical, reliable and comfortable staircase for your home will definitely come in handy.