Polymer waterproofing. Modern waterproofing materials in individual construction: from basics to specifics. Technology of applying polymer waterproofing

The use of high-quality waterproofing materials, selected in accordance with operating conditions, can increase reliability and reduce the cost of maintenance and repair of buildings, highways, engineering infrastructure and utilities. Therefore, polymer waterproofing, which is sold by the MPKM company, is in demand and is widely used in the construction industry.

Depending on the range of tasks being solved, elastic polymer waterproofing can be used as an independent waterproofing material or as an additional means that increases the reliability of other methods of ensuring concrete waterproofing. Various brands and compositions based on polyurethane can protect building structures not only from water, but also from chemically active and aggressive substances, the impact of which causes the destruction of reinforced concrete structures.

Advantages of polymer waterproofing

The effectiveness of waterproofing materials containing epoxy resins and polymer additives is due to the chemical resistance, durability and elasticity of the film that is formed when protective compounds are applied to the base.

• Elasticity makes it possible to partially compensate for deformations of the base, so the polymer film of waterproofing always remains intact and airtight.
• Polymer-based materials have good adhesion to concrete, brick, cement plaster, tiles, metal and other materials. They can be applied to absorbent and non-absorbent substrates. The waterproofing layer can serve as a base for shotcrete or finishing materials.
• Polymer waterproofing of concrete allows you to process surfaces of complex shapes. The coatings precisely follow the contours of the base and do not have seams that reduce the effectiveness of protection.

Polyurethane-based materials are very technologically advanced. They are quickly applied to previously prepared substrates: liquid polymer waterproofing using spray guns or special equipment for spraying two-component compositions, and paste mixtures using ordinary brushes, brushes and rollers.

Supply of polymer waterproofing materials

The MPKM online store offers wholesale prices for construction chemicals, Sika, and other manufacturers with fast delivery of products to all regions of Russia. Employees of the technical support department provide free consultations on the selection of polymer waterproofing for floors, walls, foundations, technical tanks and other tasks. Advice from an experienced specialist will help you buy waterproofing materials that are optimally suited for certain operating conditions and correspond to the characteristics of a particular facility.

Polymer waterproofing is represented by compositions based on polymers (primarily polyurethanes), which are ideal for carrying out work to protect objects for various purposes from the destructive effects of moisture. Waterproofing with polymer materials is easy to apply to both horizontal and vertical surfaces. It effectively fills seams and joints and provides them with reliable protection from moisture penetration.

Polymer waterproofing of a foundation or other building elements involves polymerization of the applied composition upon contact with air. As a result, a plastic and very durable membrane is formed that can become a barrier to moisture.

Application

Polymer waterproofing materials are rightfully considered universal. They can be used for waterproofing:

• residential and industrial premises;
• structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete;
• interfloor floor slabs;
• rooms with high levels of humidity (toilets, showers, bathrooms, saunas, swimming pools).

Polymer waterproofing of floors and other objects is allowed on bases made of the following materials:

• concrete;
• brick;
• plaster;
• glass;
• tree;
• drywall;
• zinc coated steel;
• Styrofoam;
• tiles.

Advantages

Polymer waterproofing for roofing and other building elements has good adhesion to plaster compounds and various adhesives for tiling. It can also be used before laying linoleum and laminate. Of course, these are not all the advantages of polymer waterproofing. The rest are as follows:

• excellent adhesion to different types of bases;
• high plasticity, allowing to withstand deformations and distortions of building elements;
• immunity to ultraviolet rays and temperature changes;
• long service life, which ranges from 25 to 50 years;
• ease of application, possibility of application both manually and with special equipment.

All structural elements of a house or apartment require reliable protection from high humidity. Why is waterproofing needed?

In a room located above a damp basement, moisture destroys the concrete of the floors. High humidity causes mold to grow in wooden coverings and rotting begins. In multi-storey buildings on the middle floors, when moisture penetrates through cracks at the joints of the floor, carpet, laminate, parquet, bamboo lose their original appearance and become unusable.

Waterproofing the first floor of a private house that does not have a basement or floor in the country house will extend the life of the building. Water vapor rising from the ground can be acidic or alkaline.

Interacting with concrete, moisture can destroy it completely in a few years. Waterproofing the floor will help you avoid such problems in your home, increase the safety of its operation, and improve comfortable living conditions.

Materials

Depending on the purpose, conditions of use of the room, the condition of the subfloor, and financial costs, various materials are used for waterproofing, which protect it from destruction. All types of waterproofing comprise two main groups - for external and internal work.

According to the main composition of the water-repellent component:

• bitumen – based on mineral components;
• polymer;
• bitumen-polymer.

Based on the method of application to surfaces, the main types are distinguished:

• roll;
• film;
• penetrating;
• membrane;
• painting;
• pasting;
• coating;
• powder;
• plastering.

Roll and self-adhesive waterproofing

They have become widespread for waterproofing floors in apartments and private houses. Roofing felt is still used for waterproofing today, along with roofing felt and glass roofing felt. Cardboard or fiberglass impregnated with a mixture of bitumen and basalt chips. They can be laid to protect foundations, roofs, and floors from moisture. Modern waterproofing materials have additional thermal insulation properties.

Roll waterproofing - membrane (geomembrane). There is a lock at the junction. Additionally, gluing is performed.

Rolled waterproofing materials come in two types: floating and self-adhesive. Floating materials are durable and inexpensive. Their disadvantage: the waterproofing must be installed using a gasoline or gas burner; when heated, they emit an unpleasant odor and harmful smoke. The method is quite suitable for use at the dacha with your own hands when waterproofing the subfloor. Laying roofing felt during waterproofing work requires the installation of an additional screed.

Self-adhesive waterproofing is installed quickly and is easily attached to the base. Which side to lay the self-adhesive material is indicated in the attached instructions. For waterproofing, self-adhesive film made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene is used. Typically, PVC film is used to create a dry or cement-concrete screed for a concrete floor. Working with self-adhesive film does not take much time.

Penetrating waterproofing

used as a primary or additional measure to protect a concrete floor. Includes subgroups:

• Concreting – increases the density and strength of the material. Placed as an additive to create a reinforcing layer.
• Cement-polymer - used for treating concrete, wood, and brick floors. Polymer waterproofing has high adhesion to the surface, is easy to use, and environmentally friendly. Waterproofing the subfloor can be done with cement-polymer mastic laid on a reinforcing mesh - you get a waterproofing layer and a screed at the same time.
• Cement inorganic waterproofing is used to treat concrete floors.

Ceramic tiles can be easily laid on a layer of penetrating waterproofing.

Mastics

plastic adhesive solutions based on bitumen, liquid rubber, polymers, resins, plasticizers, and other additives. Mastic solutions are of hot or cold type. Floor waterproofing mastic is used to create a waterproof layer and treat joints in the bathroom, toilet, kitchen, bathhouse, and swimming pool. Mastic replaces rolled materials because, unlike them, it does not have an unpleasant odor and does not form seams that could cause water leaks.

Water-repellent materials

For waterproofing, liquid water-repellent materials can be laid. The composition of the group includes primers, varnishes, paints, impregnations.

Powder materials

for protection against moisture, they are represented by a variety of dry mixtures based on cement, glue, binders, and plasticizers.

Immediately before use, add the dry mixture to the water so that the solution is ready for use. Powder mixtures are used to create concrete floor screeds, a waterproof layer for basement floors, and swimming pools. It all depends on the chosen material.

Execution technologies

When applying waterproofing, it is important to follow the rule - in places where the floor meets the walls, the waterproofing layer must be raised to a height of at least 30 cm.

Application of liquid waterproofing. Liquid waterproofing for floors, depending on the composition and viscosity of the material, is divided into cast and impregnating.

Polymers and bitumen compositions

Casting – application of polymer or bitumen solutions, which, when hardened, form an even waterproof film. Bitumen solutions are heated to a temperature of 130 - 140 ° C, poured onto a clean floor and leveled with a wide spatula.

This method is used to treat continuous bases before pouring the screed. Waterproofing can be laid in several layers, between which a metal reinforcing mesh or reinforced fiberglass is placed; The thickness of the waterproof film can be 5–15 cm. The base of the floor is impregnated with waterproofing material.

Surface coating involves working with heated bitumen-polymer mastics, cold polymer, rubber-epoxy mastics. Coating waterproofing based on oxidized bitumen is produced with the inclusion of an organic solvent and various fillers.

Crumb rubber, plasticizer, and latex are used as additives, which significantly increases the elasticity of the coating and prevents it from cracking. Bitumen-polymer mastics are characterized by high adhesion. Laying waterproofing under a concrete floor with reinforcing fiber significantly increases its strength and abrasion resistance.

A special primer applied before applying the mastic increases the bond of the waterproofing layer with the concrete base. Mastic can be sold complete with a primer; they have a common main component. The main advantages of coating materials are cost-effectiveness and ease of application.

Coloring

How to waterproof a floor by painting? Painting is used for floors along joists, for wood or concrete coverings. Polymer or bitumen varnish is used. Depending on the consistency of the composition, it is applied to the surface with a spatula, roller, or paint brush. The layer with this treatment is 2 - 3 mm thick and additionally performs the functions of anti-corrosion and anti-fungal protection. The service life of such protection is 5 years.

Pasting materials

Self-adhesive roll-on waterproofing option

How to properly waterproof a floor using adhesive materials? This method involves laying rolls and sheets of moisture-resistant materials in layers on a previously cleaned and primed base floor.

Types of adhesive waterproofing:

• Conventional flooring on a surface under a cement or dry screed, under a wooden rough covering with a joint or independent method of fastening.
• Fusing rolled material onto the floor with a gas burner. The method is fire hazardous and requires skills and strict adherence to fire safety rules.
• Gluing using special adhesives and mastics. Many types of modern film waterproofing have an adhesive layer, which greatly simplifies their installation. The melting temperature of bitumen-polymer based mastic is selected 20 - 25° above the highest air temperature in a given room.

All types of lining materials react to shear, and therefore they are used to protect rigid structures made of brick, concrete, and reinforced concrete from high humidity. This type of waterproofing is also used for wooden subfloors.

Plaster

A simple, environmentally friendly method using various dry cement-based mixtures with the inclusion of binding mineral and polymer additives. The solution fills well any unevenness, cracks, or crevices of the surface being treated. The mixture is applied with a spatula or brush.

Mastic and plaster

Mastic for waterproofing floors. Features of working with mastic and plaster.

After applying the self-leveling material, the floor must be in a calm state for the composition to polymerize. The mastic is applied in several layers - in this case, each subsequent layer is applied perpendicular to the previous one after it has completely dried.

Complete waterproofing is ensured when the floor and walls are treated to a height of 10 - 15 cm. Cement-polymer mastics provide water protection and form a self-leveling surface. There is no need to fill the screed. A floor finishing coating is laid on top of the waterproofing.

Backfill materials

Backfill waterproofing is used to protect floors in wet areas. How to lay backfill material? Bulk components are poured into the pre-constructed formwork in an even layer.

Perlite sand, ash, mineral wool, and bentonite are used as fillers. Backfill hydraulic protection has a long service life, but its installation is a labor-intensive and expensive process.

Choice of premises

When choosing a material and method of waterproofing the floor, you need to take into account the individual characteristics of the room’s operation - humidity, the presence of a “warm floor” heating system, the presence of a toilet, a swimming pool.

Work must be carried out especially carefully at the dacha in the garage - a constant excess of moisture will lead to rotting of vehicles. Which waterproofing to choose to protect your garage floor?

The optimal solution is concrete. Waterproofing under a concrete floor - penetrating, impregnation, additives to concrete when preparing the solution. Immediately before pouring concrete, the soil is filled with bitumen; construction clay or rolled material - a geomembrane - are also used.

It is possible to use a combined method of waterproofing - lay the first layer with a roll coating, then seal all the joints that appear and apply a layer of mastic on top.

Preparing for work

Before starting waterproofing work, preliminary measures are taken with the subfloor:

• removal of old coating;
• thorough cleaning and drying of the rough surface;
• sealing cracks and cracked parts of the surface with waterproofing putty.

The main condition for the duration of operation and the effectiveness of preserving the floor from high humidity is the correct choice of material and adherence to installation technology.

In the recent past, bituminous materials were used to protect building structures from moisture. They did not provide sufficient reliability and their service life was limited. Now a more effective alternative has appeared - elastic polymer waterproofing. Let's talk about its properties and application features.

What is polymer waterproofing?

The category of polymer waterproofing includes a wide range of materials with a diverse composition, physical and chemical properties. But they all contain high-molecular compounds - polymers, which give them special characteristics. The method of application is also common: most of these compositions are intended for coating insulation. The most common polymer materials are bitumen and cement based.

Advantages of polymer waterproofing

There are many polymer-based compositions, and they all have different positive qualities. But in general, we can highlight the following advantages of using this type of insulation.

• High degree of moisture protection. For example, in the case of cement mixtures, the addition of polymer components helps solve the problem of pores through which moisture can seep. Polymer waterproofing forms a continuous waterproof layer, while the base retains the ability to pass air.
• Good adhesion to the surface being treated. For each type of building materials you can find the appropriate composition. For example, waterproofing brickwork is best done using polymer-cement mixtures, and bitumen-polymer mastics are also suitable for concrete. Unlike roll coatings, the water-repellent layer obtained with these materials is inseparable from the surface.
• Resistant to any weather factors (temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, precipitation), water pressure, and aggressive chemicals. This allows the use of polymer insulation for both internal and external work, including for the protection of buried structures.
• Elasticity. For some types of materials it reaches 400%. Thanks to this, polymer-based waterproofing is strong in tension and bending, and can withstand deformation loads well (including during soil movements and thermal expansion of structures).
• Polymer waterproofing fits well on any surface
• Flexibility. Elastic coating compositions can be applied to surfaces with any relief; they are easy to use in hard-to-reach places.
• Fluidity characteristic of many types of polymer waterproofing. The composition, which is almost equal in viscosity to water, fills even invisible pores and microcracks. This ensures absolute waterproofness.
• Long period of operation. While conventional bitumen coatings age, dry out and crack over time, polymer-based materials last an average of 25 years.
• Wear resistance. Even with prolonged use, the waterproof membrane does not lose its qualities, does not wear out or become thin.
• Economical. The material is applied in a thin layer and does not require much consumption.
• Safety, absence of toxic components in the composition.

What types of polymer waterproofing are there?

Materials are classified according to different criteria: by composition, by purpose, by method of use. Below we will discuss the main types of elastic polymer waterproofing.

Polymer-based insulation can have different consistencies.

As a solution consistency

Polymer-based elastic coating compounds are a ready-to-use mixture or require dilution (with water or a special liquid). The result is a solution of varying degrees of viscosity - from liquid to paste.

For appointments

Polymer waterproofing has a wide range of applications, which is due to the variety of materials and their universal characteristics. Manufacturers are striving to expand their product lines by producing mixtures for various purposes. Some of them are used for roofing work, others for protecting the foundation from groundwater, others for flooring, etc. Also, depending on the purpose, mastics and sealants are distinguished. The first are intended for large-scale work, the second - for sealing cracks, seams and other areas of local violation of the hydraulic barrier.

In the form of component composition

In terms of composition, polymer waterproofing is represented by two large groups - materials based on bitumen and cement. The most commonly used additives are polyurethane, acrylic, epoxy resins, rubber, and mineral components. With their help, mixtures are given the necessary properties: plasticity, fluidity, frost resistance, the ability to quickly harden, etc.

In the form of application methods

The technology for installing elastic polymer waterproofing depends on the consistency of the solution. Viscous compositions are applied with a spatula, semi-liquid and liquid - with a brush or roller, as well as by spraying. Depending on the scale of the work, the experience of the craftsman and the availability of professional equipment, manual or mechanized methods are used.

It is also important to take into account the peculiarities of preparing the mixture. One-component polymer insulation is ready for application; two-component compounds are mixed in the proportion recommended by the manufacturer. Polymer cement mixtures are supplied in powder form, which must be diluted with water.

Where is polymer waterproofing used?

Elastic polymer insulation is often used to protect roofs.

Polymer-based waterproofing is used almost everywhere in cases where it is necessary to protect structures from the destructive effects of moisture. The main area of ​​application of materials is construction. They serve to protect the above-ground and underground parts of buildings:

• roofs;
• walls (inside and outside);
• foundations;
• basements and ground floors;
• rooms with high levels of humidity (bathrooms, toilets);
• balconies and loggias.

Also, with the help of elastic polymer waterproofing, garages, parking lots, swimming pools, reservoirs, bridges, roads, and hydraulic structures are protected.

Existing application methods

When choosing an application technique, first of all, the volume of work is taken into account. In private construction and renovation, they usually deal with small areas. To install polymer insulation in this case, you need the simplest tools - a paint brush or roller. The viscous composition is applied with a construction spatula. These works can be performed independently, without the involvement of professional labor.

Liquid insulation is applied by spraying.

In industrial construction, as a rule, a mechanized installation method is used. Liquid mixtures are sprayed airless using a pump unit.

Technology of applying polymer waterproofing

Elastic polymer waterproofing is generally easy to use, but to obtain a high-quality result, you must strictly follow the technology. The process can be divided into several stages.

• Selection of material. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the surface being treated, the technical condition of structures, operating conditions, and environmental factors. Often, professional advice is needed for proper selection.
• Calculation of the required amount of mixture based on data on consumption and insulated area.
• Surface preparation.
• Preparation of the solution, if necessary according to the technology.
• Application of the composition.

When working with some materials, you need to wait until the waterproofing fully develops its properties.

Material selection

When selecting a material, you should focus not only on its characteristics, but also on the manufacturer. The important criterion here is the ratio of price and quality. If the budget is not limited, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of well-known brands that have long established themselves in the Russian market. Bitumen-polymer mastics are produced under the brands TechnoNikol, Bitumast, Ecomast. Among the cement mixtures, the products of the brands Ceresit, Osnovit, Lakhta, Mapei are well known. Among epoxy-based materials, it is worth mentioning Masterseal from BASF and the more affordable domestic brand Blokada.

Calculate the solution consumption used

Polymer insulation is applied in a thin layer.

The calculation of the material depends on its consistency. Liquid waterproofing based on a polymer is applied in a thin layer, so a smaller amount of solution is required to achieve the desired result. The exact data is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging, but the average consumption is 1 kg per 1 m2 of surface. This implies that the material is applied in one layer with a thickness of no more than 2 mm.

Preparatory work

Before applying elastic polymer waterproofing, you need to carefully prepare the base: the quality of adhesion of the material to the surface depends on this. The work is carried out in stages:

• the base is cleaned of debris and dust;
• remove irregularities, protrusions, sagging concrete, smooth out sharp corners;
• if necessary, the surface is leveled with cement mortar;
• remove dust again;
• apply a primer or primer.

Spraying waterproofing

An airless spraying installation is used to apply insulation.

Elastic polymer waterproofing is applied using an airless spray system. Contact with air is unacceptable, since this will cause the mixture to harden prematurely. Although it is possible to rent a pump, it is best to leave the spraying job to those who know how to handle it. Moreover, some materials are demanding when choosing equipment, and not every installation is suitable for their application.

Before spraying polymer waterproofing, weak points of the surface are reinforced. These are primarily corners, joints and junctions of structures. Geotextiles are used for reinforcement.

Two-component polymer waterproofing is mixed during the application process. Containers with compounds are connected to the pumping unit. When spraying, make sure that the contents of both tanks are used evenly.

The polymer base used in coating waterproofing

Viscous polymer materials are not suitable for spraying; they are applied in another way. Such elastic waterproofing is called coating. Its installation is carried out manually, without the use of special equipment.

When using dry cement powder, the solution is prepared immediately before application in an amount no greater than can be consumed in one hour.

Conclusion

Polymer waterproofing is an effective and durable protection of any surfaces from moisture. Depending on the properties of the base, materials based on cement or bitumen are selected. Before using the composition, carefully read the instructions.

The Khimsintez plant produces materials for external and internal seamless polymer waterproofing of concrete and metal structures (soft and hard).

For high-quality waterproofing, modern designers and technologists recommend using cold-curing polyurethane and polyurea mastics, as well as hot and cold-curing sprayed polyurea, as the most innovative and effective materials that provide high performance characteristics and a long service life. Curing of polyurethane mastics occurs as a result of: the mutual reaction of the components, as well as the effect of air moisture on the applied material and is determined by the composition of polyurethane waterproofing compositions. The curing product is a rubber-like (elastic) material with excellent physical and mechanical characteristics. NovaCol polymer materials are designed to effectively solve problems of waterproofing concrete tanks, reservoirs, dams, tunnels, swimming pools, ponds, reservoirs, etc. They are widely used as a waterproofing coating when installing new and repairing old roofs.

The company "PU INDUSTRY" LLC develops and produces the following types of polymer materials for seamless waterproofing:

Final UV resistant coating:

Primer primers: