Suspended system for a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware. Facade made of porcelain stoneware. Advantages of porcelain stoneware facade slabs

In order to reliably protect the building from external influences, a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware is increasingly being used.

During the construction of buildings and structures they are used different materials and technology.

Multi-storey residential building, country cottage or a public building must meet a set of requirements that determine whether it is comfortable to live and work in the interior.

At the same time, no less stringent requirements are imposed on the appearance of such objects. Walls must be both reliable and attractive in appearance.

Advantages of a ventilated façade

IN climatic zone With the sudden change of seasons, it is very important to ensure adequate thermal insulation of the building.

In order to prevent heat loss and reduce heating costs, until recently the thickness of the walls was increased.

With this decision, the volume of capital investments in construction increases significantly. Taking these and other circumstances into account, curtain facades made of porcelain stoneware began to be used in the construction of buildings.

Elementary calculations and real experience show that such solutions bring a multiplex effect. The cost of installing a facade system pays off in 5-7 years, and its service life is extended to 30-50 years.

Aesthetic appearance

When I design a curtain wall, I can choose the cladding from a wide range of cladding materials.

Natural finish, metal panels, porcelain stoneware and other finishing materials for correct use allow you to create an exclusive façade.

Reliability and durability

Device curtain façade can be compared in cost to “wet” wall finishing.

But in terms of quality of appearance and service life, hanging panels win by a significant advantage.

They are highly resistant to any weather conditions.

High-quality sound and heat insulation

The ventilated facade subsystem reliably holds cladding panels from porcelain stoneware. The subsystem also creates air gap between them and thermal insulation.

In this way, a “layered” structure of the building’s skin is formed, the structure of which will retain and retain heat inside and will not let in noise from the outside.

Fire resistance

The panels used for the installation of curtain facades have high fire-fighting properties.

Porcelain tiles and other materials from which these products are assembled are classified as non-flammable or difficult to ignite.

Preparatory stage

Long-term practice shows that suspended facades made of porcelain stoneware are installed on newly erected buildings, as well as on those that need to be repaired.

When starting work, it is necessary, first of all, to inspect the object.

It is necessary to study and develop a full-fledged project, on the basis of which materials will be selected for the installation of panels.

Development procedure working documentation worked out to the smallest detail, it consists of the following stages:

• development of drawings of building facades:
• calculation of thermal parameters;
• development of an installation scheme for frame and cladding elements;
• preparation of specifications for materials and fasteners;
• project of work production.

When making working drawings, a specific subsystem is selected that will hold the facing panels.

The simplest and most cost-effective design is assembled from wooden beams. The technology for preparing the material and installing it is well established.

However, wood is not resistant to rotting processes. Materials such as aluminum, stainless and galvanized steel do not have these disadvantages.

Fastening units made of these metals have high technical parameters and are capable of serving throughout the entire life of the building.

After a certain type of frame is selected, a technological map for its fastening is developed.

This map is compiled taking into account the characteristics of all materials used in the work.

If geometric dimensions heat insulator – length, width, thickness – do not correspond technical parameters specified in the material passport, the quality of protection will be lower than the calculated values.

The reason lies in the fact that during installation, gaps and air cavities will form.

In addition, the heat insulator must have a minimum specific gravity, do not absorb moisture from the air and do not lose their original shape over time.

The technological map clearly records all the basic requirements for raw materials and fasteners.

In the work project, it is necessary to provide detailed fastening points for the elements of the curtain wall.

The facade subsystem can have a vertical, horizontal or cross orientation.

Each design has its own characteristics and specifics when installing panels.

In this context, it should be noted that porcelain stoneware is considered a universal finishing material; it can be used to implement any design.

The color scheme of this finishing material allows you to create a wide variety of compositions and combinations.

Installation of a curtain facade

The technology for installing hinged ventilated facades has been worked out to the smallest detail. At the first stage, the facades of the building are marked.

Vertical beacons are placed along the line of the supporting guides, and a limit cord or string is pulled and securely fixed.

The next step is to attach the supporting brackets. It is necessary to ensure that the panel fastening points are located exactly at the designated points.

Then the insulation is attached to the wall. When laying insulation, it is important that continuous vertical seams are not formed.

The next step is to install the guide profile. At the final stage, the facing panel is attached.

Quality control

Any subsystem of a suspended facade will serve for a long time and reliably if the installation is carried out in strict accordance with current requirements.

When performing any finishing work, one time-tested rule applies - the quality of the work performed is verified after each operation.

When vertical beacons are placed on the walls, the work contractor or a specialist authorized to do so must check the accuracy of their placement.

When handing over thermal insulation boards for installation, it is necessary to check them for defects and deformations. Porcelain stoneware slabs should not have chips or cracks.

The technological map serves as the basis for monitoring the quality of all operations.

Assembly or Building company must have its own quality control management system.

This document clearly states which processes and parameters are subject to mandatory or selective control.

The circle of persons who should be responsible for carrying out this work has also been determined.

After completing the installation of thermal insulation, you need to call a representative design organization and the customer, in order to issue a certificate of completion of work.

The installation of suspended ventilated facades requires skills and qualifications from the performers.

The technological map, among other things, prescribes specific types of tools that can be used at a specific facility.

Thus, drilling holes for dowels with a hammer drill is not allowed in hollow bricks or blocks.

Each technological operation must be carried out in strict accordance with the regulatory document.

Exterior decoration of buildings is an important stage in construction. Not only the overall appearance, but also durability, comfort of living or working inside depends on quality. One of the common options is a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware. It is mounted on buildings of different heights. You can cladding a low-rise building with your own hands, but you will need certain construction skills. Let's figure it out in order.

What is a ventilated facade

Buildings are exposed unfavorable factors external environment. Walls are destroyed by temperature changes and moisture penetration.

In addition, the materials from which houses are built have a certain thermal conductivity. That is, they will be colder in winter and hotter in summer.

A ventilated façade is a way exterior finishing, which solves both problems. It consists of several layers:

• thermal insulation that is adjacent to the wall;
• an air gap through which excess moisture evaporates;
• fastening subsystems;
• outer layer made of material resistant to destruction.

The technology for installing a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is the same for both multi-storey and private houses. But it is important to strictly follow the sequence of steps and perform each of them correctly.

Advantages and disadvantages of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware

The advantages are related to the features of the device and technical characteristics materials. Benefits include:

1. Strength and wear resistance.
2. Aesthetic appearance.
3. Wide range of colors and several texture options.
4. Fire safety (porcelain tiles do not burn or melt).
5. Environmental friendliness - does not emit harmful substances(including when heated).
6. Soundproofing.
7. Resistant to high and low temperatures (withstands 100 freezing and thawing cycles).
8. And to the effects of precipitation.
9. Thermal insulation.
10. Reduced noise levels.
11. Ventilation of the surface, thanks to which the wall does not rot and mold does not grow in it.
12. Fast installation.
13. Specific gravity is lower than that of natural stone. This reduces the load on the walls and foundation.
14. Possibility of replacing individual plates.
15. Chemical resistance - the material is not afraid of aggressive chemical compounds, city smog, etc.
16. No need to update or maintain the coating.
17. The ability to hide uneven walls.
18. Reducing overall building operating costs.
19. Long service life - at least 50 years.

The disadvantages include:

1. High price.
2. The weight is noticeably greater than that of plaster, siding, etc.

Characteristics of porcelain stoneware for facades

Main properties of the material:

1. Low water absorption coefficient (up to 0.05%).
2. Wear resistance.
3. Specific gravity is about 2400 kg/m3.
4. Density up to 1400 kg/m3.
5. High hardness (8-9 on the Mohs scale).
6. Bending strength - from 28 MPa.
7. Fire resistance (withstands up to 1300ºC).

Dimensions and thickness of porcelain tiles for facades

Tiles are produced in different sizes. The length and width can be as follows (in cm):

• 20x20;
• 30x30;
• 60x30;
• 60x60;
• 120x29.5;
• 120x60;
• 120x180.

Dimensions may vary within 0.5 mm. The thickness of the finishing material is from 5 to 12 mm.

How to choose the right porcelain tiles

The following parameters are important:

• length;
• width;
• thickness;
• surface structure;
• color.

There is also the concept of caliber, which refers to how much a specific porcelain stoneware slab may differ from the specified dimensions. The indicator reaches 0.5 mm. It must be taken into account when calculating the material.

Features: Mono-caliber tiles are available. Porcelain tiles are additionally selected by size, and the dimensions are much closer to ideal. But such material is more expensive.

Selecting height and width facade tiles, take into account the following features:

• the larger the dimensions, the more difficult the installation;
• if the dimensions are too small, the façade gives the impression of a “checkered sheet”;
• It is advisable to select it so that you do not have to trim;
• If you clad a building with porcelain stoneware of different formats, it is difficult to calculate and install guides.

The most convenient and common option is 60x60 cm. The facing tiles are chosen with minimum thickness so that the load on bearing structures was lower.

Based on surface type, porcelain tiles are divided into:

• matte (untreated) - this is the cheapest option;
• polished (glossy) - does not collect dust, used on luxury buildings;
• semi-polished (processed with a larger fraction and not for as long) - cheaper than the previous option, the shine is not so pronounced;
• satin (before firing it is treated with mineral salt, an unusual texture is obtained, patterns of different colors are possible);
• structured - imitates natural stone or even wood.

There are many shades of porcelain stoneware available - from white to black. Brighter colors (such as blue or red) are more expensive. The tone and texture are chosen depending on style, budget and personal preference. A combination of two contrasting or complementary colors looks interesting.

Methods of attaching porcelain stoneware to the facade

During installation, one of two options is used:

• visible fastening;
• hidden.

The first method uses clamps, which remain visible after installation. With the second, the fasteners are invisible. But this option is more complex and expensive. Sometimes they are combined: the clasps are placed only at such a height that they are not noticeable.

Hidden mount

The installation takes place in two stages:

1. Slots are made in the side of each tile (along the entire length or pointwise).
2. Latches are inserted into the holes and secured to the profile with bolts or rivets.

Important: Fasteners that use self-tapping screws are not suitable, as they are too thin and will not support the weight of porcelain stoneware.

Clamps

Installation is carried out as follows:

1. The lower clamps are secured to the guide profile.
2. The stove is being installed.
3. The two upper fasteners are fixed.

Features: Each clamp has 2 “ears”. Due to this, it holds a pair of adjacent tiles. The positions are automatically aligned relative to each other. As a result, if the installation is carried out correctly, the ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware is smooth.

Components for installation of a ventilated facade

In the process you will need:

• brackets;
• slats;
• clamps (starting and main, selected in accordance with the plate fastening system);
• dowels (regular and plate);
• anchor;
• bolts;
• rivets;
• self-tapping screws

Components are made from:

• galvanized steel;
• stainless steel;
• aluminum

Important: All elements used in installation must be made of the same type of metal. Otherwise, currents arise between them, due to which the parts are destroyed faster.

The sizes of components are selected depending on the project. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer, the weight of porcelain stoneware slabs and structural features are taken into account.

Standard brackets have the following dimensions:

• length from 50 to 400 mm;
• width - 50 mm;
• thickness - 1.2 mm.

Reinforced ones are also available:

• length is 90-350 mm;
• width - 90 mm;
• thickness - 1.2 or 2 mm.

Hardware is selected depending on the weight of the slabs that they will need to hold.

Calculation of materials per 1 m2

The exact quantity is determined after drawing up the drawing. But you can first estimate approximate consumption materials and fasteners. Per square meter you will need:

• 1.05 - 1.1 m2 porcelain stoneware;
• 1 m2 of stone wool;
• 1.1 - 1.25 m2 of moisture-proof membrane;
• 5 support brackets;
• 1 starting clamp;
• 3 main;
• 2 linear meters of vertical profile;
• 1.8 - horizontal;
• 5 paronite gaskets;
• 8 self-tapping screws;
• 16 bolts.

Some manufacturers have calculators on their websites. You can enter the dimensions of the building and calculate how many slabs of each size will be needed.

Options for laying out porcelain stoneware on the façade

It largely depends on how exactly the plates are positioned. appearance building. In this case you can:

• use porcelain tiles of different sizes;
• or colors (it is advisable to choose no more than 2-3);
• lay rectangular slabs not horizontally, but vertically (this will make the house appear taller).

In all cases, the following layout options can be used relative to other facade elements (windows, doors, parapets, decorative parts):

• strict, in which the seams between the slabs are on the same straight line as the elements;
• not strict (either the horizontal or vertical edges of the porcelain stoneware are flush with the elements);
• trimming at an angle (there is no such correspondence on either side);
• mixed.

Installation instructions for curtain façade

The process involves at least 2-3 people, especially if large-format slabs are used. Before starting work, fence off the necessary space - three meters from the building. From here, everything unnecessary is removed, tools, materials and components are brought. Placed next to the house scaffolding. Multi-storey buildings require lifts with cradles.

Attention! In case of strong wind, rain or frost, it is impossible to install a porcelain stoneware facade! This is dangerous for construction workers and bystanders.

The work includes several stages:

• creating a drawing of a ventilated facade;
• calculation and purchase of materials and components in the required quantity;
• marking of attachment points;
• installation of brackets;
• wall insulation;
• installation of moisture protection;
• assembly of guides;
• fastening of porcelain stoneware slabs.

Let's look at all the steps in detail.

Design

First of all, draw on paper or in computer program every wall. Mark the location of all windows and doors, entry and exit points for utilities.

Then they indicate where the brackets will be located. Provide access to communications in case of an emergency. When calculating the number and size of fasteners, loads from wind, snow and ice are taken into account.

Important: The drawing is a mandatory document that is checked during installation. In accordance with it they calculate required amount components and materials.

During marking, the following requirements are taken into account:

• minimum distance from a corner, window or doorway- 10 cm;
• the maximum gap between vertical brackets is 100 cm;
• and between horizontal ones - 80.

Required tools and materials

The work will require:

• laser or hydraulic level;
• roulette;
• hammer drill with pobedit drill;
• electric drill;
• rivet gun;
• screwdriver or screwdriver;
• beating cord (replaced with thread impregnated with blue).

The materials you will need are:

• paronite gaskets (others are not suitable because they are not strong enough);
• sheets mineral wool for insulation;
• vapor barrier;
• porcelain stoneware

Surface preparation

The wall is carefully examined. Remove poorly adhering pieces of plaster, paint, etc.

Then they proceed to preliminary marking (while checking with the drawing):

• Fix two brackets at adjacent top points.
• Lower the plumb line and mark the lowest points.
• Vertical lines are marked with a chop cord or rope with blue.
• The remaining areas are marked in the same way.
• On the line next to the corner of the building, find the location of the remaining attachment points and mark them.
• Using a level and tape measure, the marks are transferred to other vertical lines.
• They beat off the horizontals.

As a result, a grid should appear on the surface. The nodes will contain fastenings.

Installation of support and load-bearing brackets

Installation takes place in this order:

1. Holes are drilled at the marked points using a hammer drill.
2. An anchor dowel is inserted into them.
3. Metal parts running from the outer sheathing to the wall conduct heat. To reduce losses, install paronite gaskets.
4. The bracket is attached.

Wall insulation

For insulation it is necessary to use materials that do not burn or emit toxic substances when heated. These include stone wool. It is mounted on the façade in sheets.

The installation process starts from the bottom:

1. In those places where the brackets pass, a small incision is made in the mat.
2. The insulation is pressed tightly against the facade.
3. Then it is fixed with dowel plates (with large caps). For reliability, at least five are required for each mat.
4. The following sheets are laid end to end, without cracks or gaps.

Porcelain stoneware for facades is a fire-, frost- and weather-resistant material that does not fade over time. The thickness of the slabs can be from 8 to 12 mm. The most popular sizes are 600x600 mm and 600x300 mm. Unlike laying on the floor or walls, façade porcelain tiles are attached without glue to the frame. This technology is called a ventilated facade. It is durable (up to 50 years), can be installed at any time of the year and allows you to install external wall insulation.

A hinged ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is installed on multi-storey new buildings, shopping centers and low-rise buildings.

According to the new standards for thermal insulation of buildings (SNiP 23-02-2003), the construction of thick walls made of concrete or brick has become unprofitable due to their high thermal conductivity coefficient. Therefore, now the walls of new houses are made thin, but they are insulated effective materials: mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam.

Quick navigation through the article

Ventilated facade technology

First, a little theory.

The diagram shows a standard ventilated facade cake. Its main elements are:

1. Bearing wall;
2. Thermal insulation layer;
3. Wind protection. With its help, the end surfaces should be protected from longitudinal air filtration (longitudinal air flows that cool the wall). But the main place for heat leakage can be the place where the insulation does not fit tightly to the wall. The wind will fall directly under the insulation and cool the wall. Therefore, you need to carefully attach each sheet of thermal insulation to the wall using umbrella dowels, and this needs to be done on a flat wall. Mineral wool has an advantage over polystyrene foam here; it can bypass small protrusions on the wall and fit more tightly. A 0.5 cm gap under the insulation reduces the thermal protection of the wall by 60%.
4. Brackets for fastening external cladding;
5. Cladding - protects thermal insulation from climatic influences (rain, wind, snow and sunlight), and also creates the architectural appearance of the building. It can be façade porcelain stoneware, fiber cement panel, composite panel, metal cassettes made of galvanized steel or aluminum sheets. There must be a gap under the cladding for ventilation and removal of moisture from the wall.

With a small gap size inside cladding, condensation may form, and if the mineral wool becomes wet, it will lose its characteristics.

To understand how a ventilated façade works, imagine that the outside temperature is -20 degrees and inside the house is +20 degrees. Due to the temperature difference, a heat flow is formed, which is directed from the heated point of the wall to the cold one (that is, towards the street). Passing through the wall, the heat flow heats the materials to varying degrees. The closer to the outer surface, the lower the temperature of the material. If the ventilated facade was designed correctly, the temperature on the outer surface of the thermal insulation will be 1-3 degrees warmer than the air temperature outside.

Cold street air, in contact with the surface of the insulation, heats up and rises to the top. Due to this, a continuous air flow is created under the cladding at a speed of 0.5 m/s. The influx of new air under the cladding occurs due to the gaps between the porcelain stoneware and the bottom of the structure. Air escapes through the upper slots.

The brackets also participate in the heat exchange process. The more heat passes through them, the thicker the layer of thermal insulation is needed to compensate for these losses. In practice, from 10 to 50% of heat is lost through the brackets. This means that the thermal insulation layer must be increased by 10-50%.

In summer, on the contrary, at an air temperature of +10 degrees, the cladding surface can heat up to +40 in the sun. Due to the ventilated layer, the outer surface of the thermal insulation will have a temperature of about 14 degrees. Therefore, this technology will provide warmth in winter and coolness in summer.

For more information about the basics of thermophysics and the rules for installing thermal insulation, see the training video from Ursa:

When installing thermal insulation, great attention should be paid to the junction of the insulation to the window frame. If the junction of the window block and the wall is covered with thermal insulation, the temperature on the inner surface of the frame and slope will always be higher than the temperature of condensation formation. If the joint remains open, condensation may form. This will be especially noticeable on plastic and aluminum windows.

Installation

Installation of brackets

Installation of the facade system begins with markings. On the load-bearing wall you need to determine places for installing brackets. They should be located in increments equal to the size of the porcelain stoneware. The most convenient way to mark is using a rotating laser level.

The brackets are attached to the wall using anchors in pre-drilled holes. The drill must be calibrated to obtain the exact depth and diameter of the holes for the anchors.

The brackets will take the entire load of the curtained facade, so the durability and safety of the structure depends on their choice. They must have a service life no less than that of the façade system and ensure good bearing capacity, have corrosion resistance. Since this is a vulnerable area in thermal insulation (the so-called cold bridge), its area is cross section should be minimal. The design of the bracket should allow the position of the outer plane of the facade to be adjusted relative to the load-bearing wall without trimming or building operations. Brackets made of alloy steel are best suited for these cases.

Thermal insulation

The walls are “wrapped” in a layer of thermal insulation: mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. The insulation must be fixed tightly to the wall and without gaps. Mineral mat you need to cut exactly in place so that there are no bumps along the edges.

Each sheet of insulation must be secured to at least 5 umbrellas (4 at the edges and 1 in the center). In tall buildings the number of attachment points increases.

Each new row of insulation is installed offset from the previous one by half the length. If the insulation is done in several layers, they are also attached offset so that the joints do not intersect.

Umbrella dowels are used for fastening to the wall. There are 2 ways to install them: the traditional one with drilling and driving in dowels, as well as the modern method of installation using a powder tool. The modern method is 2 times faster, but is only suitable for professional installers and allows installation only on high-strength walls.

To protect against wind loads, it is recommended to install protective fiberglass mesh at the corners of the façade. It is also attached to umbrellas simultaneously with the installation of thermal insulation.

It is unacceptable to insulate a corner by bending the insulation on it, or fixing it with wire

Facing

Using a rotary level, all brackets are aligned in one plane. In this case, you need to leave ventilation gap under the cladding 3-5 cm.

The guides are attached to the brackets with rivets or screws.

The edge of the porcelain stoneware should be in the middle of the guide profile. For fastening to the frame, a clamp for porcelain stoneware is used. Starting and ordinary clamps are attached to the frame with rivets.

The gaps between porcelain tiles should be uniform, about 4-5 mm.

Pay special attention to the contact compatibility of frame materials and fasteners. For example, you cannot combine steel with aluminum, because corrosion will quickly occur at the points of their contact.

Let's sum it up

Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware are good way update appearance old and new buildings and make them warmer. But incorrect installation can not only not give any effect in terms of thermal insulation, but can even cause harm - condensation will begin to form, the humidity inside the room will increase, and wet spots will appear on the cladding.

comments powered by HyperComments

Developers constructing capital buildings for various purposes in Moscow give preference to facing vertical wall surfaces with porcelain stoneware facades. High mechanical strength, resistance to temperature changes, ease of installation - this is an incomplete list of a decorative layer made of a material that has superior properties to natural stone.

Porcelain stoneware segments are fixed to an aluminum subsystem, which is secured with brackets to wall surface. Depending on the installation method, the tile sections pass pre-treatment or mounted with special steel fasteners. Production technology decorative elements provides high bending strength and minimal ability to absorb moisture.

Manufacturing Features

Manufacturers artificial stone, of which porcelain slabs are a type, use several types of raw materials. Finished products consist of:

• quartz sand, which is the framework for future segments;
• refractory clay, which is the basis of the press powder;
• several types of plastic clays that contain a high percentage of kaolin, a mineral added to obtain high strength;
• feldspar (forms a glassy phase, reduces the baking temperature);
• coloring pigments containing metal oxides (cobalt, iron, chromium);
• in some cases - engobe, liquid clay, the coating of which protects mounting surface slabs, levels it;
• electrolyte - to enhance the fluidity of slip, clay suspension.

A slip is a working mixture of the above ingredients, from which segments of various form factors are formed. When water is added to it, a suspension is formed - a liquid material from which finished goods. Slip is produced using tower spray dryers - “atomizers”. The mixed substance, coming into contact with coolants, gets rid of moisture, forming a powdery mass. The number of components in the slabs depends on the properties prescribed by the technical documentation (TU, GOST).

Stages of the production process required for porcelain stoneware facades

Receipt quality products depends on strict adherence to production technology, the availability of modern equipment, as well as personnel qualifications. Before reaching the end consumer, the slabs and ceramic granite go through several stages production process:

• kneading, i.e. selection, preparation of elements;
• preparation working mixture(the ingredients are crushed in a mill, a slip is prepared, water is mixed, evaporated using a chamber and hot air heated to a temperature of 600 C. The powdery mass obtained during preparation is used as a blank for molding;
• molding - one of the main stages, which ensures minimal porosity of the finished tiles. It occurs in 2 stages: first, air is removed from the material under a pressure of 80 kg/sq.cm, then the raw material enters presses operating at 0.8 t/sq.cm. This approach guarantees high frost resistance: the less moisture the slab absorbs, the lower the risk of destruction or damage due to low temperature;
• drying, which reduces the amount of water to minimum quantity. the workpieces are placed in chambers blown with hot air. At the same stage, paint layers are applied to the formed units;
• firing, as a result of which the ingredients of the slip melt, entering into a chemical reaction with each other. The melt forms a monolithic structure that receives everything positive properties natural mineral. The main rule is to strictly maintain a certain temperature throughout the entire furnace production line. The line can be divided into several sections, since firing is carried out as preliminary (up to 400C), heating, then final - at temperatures reaching 1300C. After heat treatment, the slabs are gradually cooled, preventing them from being damaged due to sudden cooling;
• sorting, quality control - products are sorted by shades, sizes, shape accuracy, and other parameters, and packaged in special containers.

You can study the methods of producing plates on your own by examining the special pictograms on the container. For example, the Roman numeral I means that the product was fired only once. Two-stage firing is designated II.

Mounting options

To fasten individual stone segments, the size of which can reach 1500x3000 mm, use profile systems aluminum Such facades are called ventilated curtain facades. The first definition of the design was obtained due to the peculiarities of fastening the decorating layer: between it and wall covering They leave an air gap up to 6 cm wide. The air that circulates in the resulting niche removes moisture released near the walls and serves as thermal protection in the heat.

Hinged - a facade that is “hung” on a fastening system, which consists of:

• racks - vertical profiles made of aluminum;
• crossbars - horizontal partitions that serve as support for fixing elements.

The set of additional components, labor intensity, and installation time depend on the chosen method of installing stone marble - another name for the material. Installation happens:

• on clasps;
• hidden.

Clamp fastenings

The first method involves the use of fittings, parts of which protrude beyond the outer edges of the tiles. The main retaining element is the clamp - a steel part that is attached to the profile with rivets during installation. The protruding parts of the plate form specially shaped hooks into which stone segments are inserted. The clasps are painted with powder dyes in tones that closely match the shade of the decorating layer. The method allows you to securely fix slabs with dimensions from 600x600 to 1200x600 mm.

When finishing buildings construction companies They use 4 main types of clamps to install porcelain stoneware segments with a thickness of 8 to 13 mm. Seam thickness between separate elements can be from 6 to 8 cm. The method differs from the hidden one in that it is less labor-intensive and time-consuming, and provides an attractive appearance due to the painted desired shade accessories and a lower price.

Hidden method

Finishing lower floors high-rise buildings, low-rise buildings made of porcelain stoneware are recommended to be made hidden installation. To do this, the tiles undergo pre-treatment, the complexity and duration of which depends on the chosen fittings for fastening.

Mechanical methods fixations are divided into:

• drilling holes for attaching “Kyle” type pins;
• end cuts on four sides;
• cuts on the mounting side at an angle of 45 degrees.

The disadvantages of the first two options are the frequent splitting of the material due to temperature changes, seismic factors, as well as additional load during shrinkage of the building. The third method is more reliable: the know-how of the RONSON company allows you to secretly fix porcelain stoneware slabs measuring 1.5x3 meters. Special strips are inserted into the side cuts, with the help of which the tiles are then secured to the profile system. The manufacturer is ready to provide optional equipment - special machine with diamond blade to increase installation speed.

Installation diagram

The brackets for the porcelain stoneware façade are first fixed to the wall. Then the insulation is installed: glued with adhesives or secured in a “dry” way - with plastic dowels with a wide head. The resulting layer is covered with a moisture-proof film.

An accurate calculation of the number of brackets is important: the required number will allow you to reliably hold the heavy decorating layer; excess metal parts can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the wall material due to the creation of additional cold bridges. The last factor can be eliminated by paronite gaskets, which are used when installing additional brackets.

Cost of construction in Moscow

№	Name	Unit change	Price
	Design work and materials
1	Work on geodetic survey and project development	m 2	110
2	Mineral insulation Isorok 100 mm, density 80 kg/m3	m 2	180
3	Porcelain stoneware slab ESTIMA 600x600 (7% for cutting)	m 2	690
4	Stainless steel subsystem	m 2	790
	Installation work
5	Installation/Dismantling of scaffolding (scaffolding)	m 2	90
6	Marking and installation of the subsystem	m 2	450
7	Installation of insulation	m 2	260
8	Installation of cladding (porcelain tiles)	m 2	530
TOTAL according to estimate, including VAT 18%:			3100

To reliably protect a building from the effects of weather factors, a ventilated curtain façade made of porcelain stoneware is increasingly being used. With its help, the appearance of the building is improved, heat saving is increased, and good temperature regulation is ensured. The design is complex system, the functionality and durability of which depends on precise adherence to the technology for installing a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware.

Curtain facade of this type consists of a frame and cladding, the role of which is performed by porcelain stoneware. In rare cases, tiles made of natural stone, metal or plastic are installed instead. The frame is made of a metal profile attached to the wall, onto which porcelain stoneware is hung. The structure is assembled using a guide profile, brackets, anchors, inserts and rivets, and when assembled it consists of the following elements:

• Metal profile frame.
• Thermal insulation material.
• Vapor barrier and ventilation gap.
• External cladding.

Preparatory work

Before starting work, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the plane on which the work will be carried out are checked with a plumb line or theodolite. This will let you know where shortened or extended brackets will be needed. Marks are made on the location of the cladding on the wall, taking into account the thickness of the seams, which will allow you to approximately calculate the consumption of the tiles.

There is a zero mark for the building so that you can use it to guide you when checking the horizontal seam on the façade cladding. Are breaking vertical axes, equal to the size of the tile plus the thickness of the seam.

Subsystem

Installation of the structure begins with the installation of brackets. This is the most loaded part of the system, and the stability of the entire structure depends on the strength of its fit. It consists of a fixed part, attached to the wall through a gasket, and a movable part, where a vertical profile is mounted. The parts are bolted together through an oblong hole in the moving part, which serves to adjust the length.

The second type of bracket is a movable corner bracket; it is assembled in the same way as a simple one and is attached to the outer corners. The choice of the length of these parts depends on the unevenness of the wall and the thickness of the insulation layer. If the length of the bracket is more than 1100 mm, use a reinforcing washer installed under the anchor. A thermal break plate must be placed under the bracket itself.

Almost always the walls of a building are uneven. But installation of panels requires a leveled plane, for this:

1. Two brackets are nailed upper corners buildings and plumb lines are thrown.
2. A cord is pulled between the brackets to check the curvature of the wall, and it is measured relative to this indicator.
3. The brackets are aligned with the plumb line vertically and along the length of the overhang while simultaneously fastening them to the wall. This creates an even vertical on one side of the wall. The same operation is repeated on the other side.
4. The remaining fasteners are mounted in the resulting plane. The first row is attached 50-60 cm above ground level, so that a subbase is placed in this place, which is recessed to a depth of 2.5 cm.
5. The distance between the brackets in the horizontal and vertical directions is specified by the design and depends on the type of system.
6. For the lower subbase, additional brackets are installed in a horizontal position.

Porcelain stoneware façade installation diagram

Thermal insulation installation technology

After attaching the brackets, begin installing the insulation. For this:

1. Under the brackets in the slab insulating material holes are cut through which the metal parts pass out. After placing the insulation, the cracks are sealed with pieces of material used for insulation.
2. Accommodation thermal insulation boards on the wall and fixing them with special fasteners with wide caps. The joint between the slabs must be filled.

If the insulation needs to be placed in two layers, it is unacceptable to combine the seams. At the corners, the slabs overlap, completely covering the corner.

After installing the insulation, the facade is protected from the penetration of moisture and wind by a breathable vapor barrier film, which does not let moisture in, but allows it to evaporate from the insulation. From above and from the side it is folded between the insulation and the wall. It is fixed using insulation fasteners with a consumption rate of 5 pcs/m². At the junction, the lower layer overlaps 10 cm under the upper layer to prevent draining condensate from getting inside. All overlaps are pierced with insulation fasteners.

Installation of vertical profile

Parts of the vertical profile are divided into 3 types:

• T-shaped, for slab joints;
• L-shaped, for the middle of the slab;
• Corner profile, placed on the openings of windows and doors, and corners of the building.

Before starting installation, pay attention to the joint of the vertical profile. It must not be allowed to dock on the bracket.

This is done between the brackets using a mounting rail. The connection must be secured with all rivets.

Fastening porcelain stoneware Fastening ceramic slabs

• produced on clasps, which come in four types:
• Single clamp side;
• Double-clamp side;
• Double-clamp upper and lower;

Four-clamp.

1. A sealing gasket is inserted between the tile and the clamp. If you install it without it, there will be no rigidity of fastening. The procedure for fixing tiles is as follows: According to the previously applied mark relative to the “zero”, the first clamp is set, and through drilled hole
2. connected by riveting.
3. A tile is placed on it, and the next one is attached to it. All other tiles are installed using this principle.

Installation of slopes and ebbs that go under the tiles. Fire cut-offs must be installed. A ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware is a reliable, practical and durable type of exterior covering. At the same time, its installation is complex, which will not allow a person without experience to carry out all operations without a qualified. outside help High-quality implementation

work is impossible without a step-by-step implementation of the entire installation process in full accordance with the design documents by experienced specialists.

Installation of a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware: subsystems, thermal insulation and fastening of porcelain stoneware

Details about the installation of a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware. Fastening technology and operating principle of the system.

How to properly install a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs In many A popular ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is a system complex of mechanical cladding, consisting of many components. It was developed to combine aesthetics and high thermal efficiency of the external façade together.

Essentially, this is a cladding secured with cross members and racks made of galvanized rolled stock or aluminum alloy. There is an air layer between the surface of the building and the cladding. Often it is filled with insulation - thermal insulation material. The advantage of such a system is that the insulation does not come into contact with the external environment, which is why the entire building has high energy saving rates. In this article we will look at the technology for its installation.

Components of a ventilation façade

The complexity of the system lies in the multi-layer cladding for the ventilation façade; for each layer there are instructions for proper installation. Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware and their installation technology include the installation of the following components:

1. Leveling layer.
2. Thermal insulation layer is created by attaching panels made of foamed plastic, mineral and plant fibers to the wall.
3. An air layer 5–7 cm thick is designed to ensure that the hinged ventilated façade inside is provided with air circulation (ventilation).
4. The fastening system for fastening porcelain tiles is a metal structure attached to the wall using dowels. If you need to attach porcelain tiles, then it will consist of vertical and horizontal profiles.
5. Fastening device - open (clamps that, after installation on the structure, partially peek out from it) or closed - steel inserts attached at the intersection of the crossbars with the racks - fastening system.
6. External cladding.
7. Joint system.

Advantages of porcelain stoneware

Let's take a closer look at the advantages of porcelain stoneware. When choosing a suitable material for cladding, attention is drawn to the fact that it must protect the building from the negative influence of the external environment; let’s not forget such a detail as its appearance after the work has been carried out. Porcelain tiles have the following properties:

• aesthetic appeal;
• fireproof;
• fire resistance;
• ease of maintenance;
• weather resistance;
• low water absorption;
• bending resistance, increased strength;
• low thermal conductivity;
• easy replacement of individual parts.

Thanks to them, a curtain wall façade made of porcelain stoneware is more optimal than a façade made of other building materials.

Installation of facade made of porcelain stoneware

In general, the installation of such facades is not an easy task, and the installation of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware must be carried out by specialists. The right technology The installation of a porcelain stoneware façade has six stages. They must be completed in a clear sequence and follow the recommendations of specialists.

First stage: preparation

You need to understand that a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs is a complex system complex, so the engineers took care of compiling a list of preparatory work, the order of which is established by law in the regulatory requirements “Organization of Construction Production”.

First of all, you need to think about the safety of life, the health of people passing by the building and your workers. For this:

• the boundaries of the risk zone are marked at a distance of 3 meters from the building;
• all materials and the place for collecting structures are placed only inside this zone;
• in complex weather conditions delay installation;

“Remember! Strong winds and low temperatures mean that you will have to install a porcelain ventilated façade later when the weather is good.”

• adhere to SNiP III – 4–80 as closely as possible.

Such advice relates more to working with multi-story structures, but when installing a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade in your home, it is also advisable to follow safety precautions so as not to harm yourself or the residents.

Stage two: identifying points for installing brackets

To mark the installation locations of the brackets, carefully study the technical documentation - it must be done strictly according to the project developed by the engineers. It is carried out in two stages:

1. Lines for beacons are determined:

Lower horizontal - their extreme points are determined by a level and marked with indelible paint. By using laser level and the tape measure marks intermediate points for the brackets. The two extreme vertical ones along the facade - plumb lines descend from the parapet and along extreme points horizontal lines are drawn vertical.

• The installation points of the brackets are marked with indelible paint.

Third stage: installation

Instructions for mounting brackets:

1. Use a hammer drill and make holes in the wall.
2. Install the paronite gasket.
3. Install the support brackets using a dowel and a screwdriver.

Fourth stage: thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection

At this stage of installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade system, the following work is performed:

1. The insulation board is hung through the slots.
2. The wind and waterproof membrane panels are hung and temporarily secured. “Remember! When installing ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware, maintain an overlap of at least 100 mm."
3. Drill holes through it in the wall to install disc dowels;
4. Mount the slabs on the starting profile or base;
5. Hang the slabs from bottom to top horizontally in a checkerboard pattern, trimming them as necessary; “Remember! You need to make sure that there are no gaps between the slabs.”
6. In the case of two-layer insulation, two or more disc-shaped dowels are fixed to the slab, and the slabs are fastened in the same way as single-layer insulation.

Fifth stage: installation of guides

Installation of vertical guide profiles on adjusting brackets:

1. The profiles are installed on support and load-bearing brackets;
2. Using rivets, the profiles are fixed to the supporting brackets;
3. Fire stops are installed.

Stage six: cladding

Installation of porcelain tiles for ventilated facades is carried out in the following order:

1. Using an electric drill, holes for the clasps are marked.
2. Following the drawings, install the clasps. Use rivets to attach to the frame. For installation, use self-tapping screws.

At the same time, the installation of porcelain stoneware is done in one of the following ways:

• without a noticeable seam - porcelain stoneware is attached with a horizontal cut to the façade to two guides. In addition, it will reduce the load;
• with a noticeable seam - in comparison with the previous one, easier to execute.

In general, installing a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is not an easy job. But if you follow the installation procedure and do not deviate from the project developed by the engineers, the porcelain stoneware facade will reliably protect the building from heat loss and other possible threats from the outside.

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology

How to properly install a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs? Advantages and disadvantages of a porcelain stoneware ventilated facade.

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology

• For many decades, engineering and construction thought has been looking for the best way protect facade walls from the harmful effects of moisture. The result of a long search was the development of ventilated facade technology with a porcelain stoneware finish. Generally, this technology includes a whole series of works, the principles of which we will try to understand in our conversation today.

  

  

  The technology for constructing ventilated facades is quite complex and does not tolerate free interpretations of certain principles underlying it. When constructing such a facade, one must strictly adhere to those rules and standards, the implementation of which is required according to the technology.

  Installation of a ventilated curtain-type facade using finishing in the form of porcelain stoneware slabs

  Stage No. 1 – Preparatory

  

  To erect a ventilated façade, a number of preparatory works are required. Moreover, all work should be carried out in a certain order, which is recorded in the relevant requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service for the organization of any construction production.

  The preparatory stage should include the following steps:

  • the border should be marked construction work at a distance of about three meters from the walls along the entire perimeter of the building;
  • All materials necessary for construction and finishing work should be placed on this site;
  • here you should also equip a place for work related to the assembly and installation of the frame structure;
  • in unfavorable weather conditions, any construction and finishing work should be completely excluded.

  Read also about finishing the facade with putty in addition to this material.

  This spectrum preparatory activities more relevant for cladding multi-storey buildings. However, it is necessary to adhere to them when arranging the facade of a one-story private house - this approach will serve as a guarantee of safety for you and your household from any force majeure situations and surprises.

  Stage No. 2 – Marking walls for installation of fasteners

  

  Before you begin constructing a frame structure, you should make precise markings on the walls of the house in those places where the support and load-bearing mounting brackets will be installed, onto which the ventilated system itself will be fixed. In this case, you must adhere to the developed design and technical documentation.

  Marking should be done in several stages:

  1. First, you should mark beacon lines: a horizontal line along the bottom edge of the facade and 2 vertical lines along the edges of the wall.
  2. Using paint along the drawn lines, draw all the points in those places where it is planned to install supporting and load-bearing fasteners-brackets on the last vertical lines.

  

  Stage No. 3 – Fixing fasteners-brackets on the walls of the house

  The brackets should be fixed according to the instructions for installing the ventilated façade. First you need to drill holes in the wall - this should be done using a hammer drill. Then paronite gaskets should be installed in the resulting holes. Installation of load-bearing type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowel anchors.

  Stage No. 4. – Gasket heat-insulating material and organization of protection from wind and moisture

  At this stage, the following manipulations should be performed:

  

  • the insulation is “hung” directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the supporting brackets;
  • A moisture-proof membrane film should be hung over the insulation layer and temporarily fixed. Adjacent strips of moisture-proof film should be overlapped and secured, with the edge of one strip overlapping the other by at least 10 cm.
  • through the film and insulation, drill holes in the wall of the building to install dowel plates;
  • install the heat-insulating material - this work should start from the lowest row (starting profile or building base) and move upward;
  • heat-insulating boards should be laid end-to-end, without leaving through gaps or cracks;
  • if the need arises, you can trim the heat-insulating boards using a hand saw with a fine tooth;

  If according to the project, it is required mount thermal insulation material in two layers, then you need to do it as follows:

  • the bottom layer of insulation is attached to the wall using dowel plates; in this case, each layer of insulation must be secured with at least two dowels;
  • The top layer of insulation should be installed in a checkerboard pattern and also secured using dowel plates.

  Stage No. 5 – Installation of guides

  At this stage, installation should be carried out vertical profiles to load-bearing brackets. For this purpose you need:

  

  • install and fix metal profiles in the corresponding grooves of the supporting fasteners-brackets;
  • Using rivets, secure the metal guides to the supporting fasteners-brackets.

  In those support brackets that can be adjusted, the profile is installed freely, without tightening. This ensures that the profile does not deform during sudden temperature changes.

  In those places where adjacent vertical guides join, a small gap should be made (7-10 mm). This is done for the same purpose - to avoid deformation of the guides as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature.

  

  In addition, at this stage it is advisable to fix the cutoffs, serving to prevent fire (you should learn more about their installation from professionals).

  Stage 6 – Finishing ventilated facade with porcelain tiles

  The ventilated façade should be finished with porcelain tiles in strict accordance with the project documentation. This needs to be done in several stages:

  • With help electric drill drill holes in metal profile(holes are marked in accordance with the project documentation);
  • Insert clamps into the drilled holes and securely fix them with self-tapping screws to the frame profile.

  Be sure to study the tips for installing a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware and get other answers to similar questions.

  Installation of porcelain tiles can be carried out in two ways - with a seam visible to the eye and without it ( We recommend studying the article on application façade porcelain tiles within of this material ). The first option is much simpler to implement, the second is more complex, but the result will be more aesthetically attractive.

  The seamless installation method is as follows: the tile is fixed to two adjacent profiles using a horizontal cut. In this case, the load on the frame is significantly reduced.

  In conclusion, let's summarize

  Construction of a ventilated facade mounted type doing it yourself is a rather complicated process. However, if you approach the matter in strict accordance with the design documentation and follow all the recommendations step by step, you can achieve an ideal result without resorting to the help of professional builders and finishers.

  Properly executed façade finishing with porcelain tiles will reliably protect your home from all adverse natural factors for many years! Good luck with your work!

  

  Installation technology for a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware

  
  Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology For many decades, engineering and construction thought has been looking for the optimal way to protect facade walls from harmful

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features

Ventilated facade - technology for installing porcelain stoneware cladding

Ventilated façade – cladding installation technology

The emergence of a system of suspended ventilated facades was due to the fact that there was an urgent need to somehow drain and remove moisture from external walls buildings.

The fact is that moisture negatively affects even fairly durable materials - under its influence biological pests are formed, chemical oxidation reactions are activated, etc.

Installing ventilated facades completely solves all such problems - the technology works due to the formation of a layer of air between facing material and a wall. Since such air has a different pressure than the air outside, natural circulation, which removes moisture and prevents gas stagnation.

Design and features of ventilated systems

Installation of hinged ventilated facades involves the sequential creation of a multi-layer structure, which we will consider below:

• The load-bearing walls of the building - all the upper layers will rest on them - this fact alone creates the need to find out in advance whether the facade will withstand the entire load. The inspection will include identifying all deviations from verticals and horizontals, identifying the need for additional strengthening, identifying the degree of wear of wall components, etc.

L-shaped bracket for installation of sheathing guides

Fastening clamp open type for installation of porcelain stoneware

It is recommended to use mineral wool as thermal insulation for private buildings.

Preparatory activities before installation of cladding

The technology for installing a ventilated facade involves the sequential installation of all of the above elements. However, before the main installation work, a number of preparatory works need to be carried out.

Since the profile for ventilated facades must be installed at a relatively flat surface, the first step is to level the surface of the walls.

To do this, the surface of the walls is cleaned of paint, peeling plaster, putty and other similar materials. Delaminations are cleaned in such a way that the installation of brackets does not lead to the detachment of wall fragments.

The evenness of the facade subsystem is ensured by leveling deviations from the level using putty. This way the entire structure installed on top will not warp. In addition, the heat insulator will fit tightly to the wall, which is extremely important.

Before leveling, all traces of biological pests such as beetles, mold, fungi, etc. are removed. After this, the facade is treated with special antifungal and insecticidal impregnations.

Thus, when planning your expenses, you need to take into account not only the cost of materials that will be installed on the facade, but also a variety of related materials for preparation, be it putty or various impregnations.

Next, the installation of ventilated facades involves marking for future brackets. For this you can use building level, but many professionals recommend using a plumb line - the vertical can be determined more accurately with its help.

Having sketched vertical lines, taking into account the size of the facade panels, we apply horizontal markings. This completes the main preparatory activities.

Fasteners and insulation

To arrange the sheathing and install porcelain tiles, you may need the following elements

Installation of brackets for facades in accordance with the markings is carried out as follows:

• Holes are drilled using a hammer drill;
• A plastic or paronite gasket is placed under each bracket;
• After installing the bracket in Right place, it is fixed using an anchor (the screw is pressed with a screwdriver);

Installation of insulation is carried out on top of the brackets

The insulation of the ventilated facade is mounted next to the brackets:

• Heat insulation slabs are hung on the wall using slots for brackets;
• Each insulation board is attached to two disc-shaped dowels;
• A special film is hung over the insulation, which has waterproof and windproof properties (each next strip should overlap, covering the previous one by 10 cm);
• Directly through this film, the insulation is attached at the rate of three more dowels for each slab.

Features of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

General diagram of the arrangement of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding

The construction of a façade made of porcelain stoneware involves some of its own characteristics due to the mass of the facing material.

So, in this case it is desirable to use an aluminum subsystem for facades. If the requirements for the material are not so strict (unless it must be a corrosion-resistant metal), then the method of installing the frame should include both construction vertical racks, and the installation of horizontal crossbars.

Vertical elements are mounted on brackets, horizontal ones - on special racks.

Otherwise, the installation of a porcelain stoneware facade is practically no different from the installation of any other curtain wall. The only point concerns the fact that fasteners for heavy ventilated structures can be installed more often, and the pitch of the frame can also be made narrower.

This measure saves the curtain panels from harsh climatic conditions, be it strong winds or even unfavorable conditions in terms of seismic activity.

Technology of installation and installation of cladding

Having completed everything preparatory work Once the surface has been cleaned and leveled, you can begin installing the ventilated façade – let’s look at the further installation technology in more detail.

Facade installation technology involves the installation of guides.

Installation of the sheathing is carried out in strict sequence

So, fastening vertical profiles includes the following steps:

1. Attaching profiles to load-bearing elements using rivets. There is no need to place rivets on the control brackets - this is done to compensate for micro-movements that occur as a result of temperatures;
2. To compensate for temperature deformations, one more detail is made: in the places where the profiles join vertically, gaps of 0.8 to 1 cm are left.
3. Fire stops are being installed.

Now everything is ready to install the cladding itself. Please note that the complete process of installing facades is described in the instructions - some points differ from material to material.

In any case, long panels or rectangular slabs will be attached to the frame using screws or clamps.

Installation of porcelain tiles on pre-mounted clamps

Let us describe the process for installing porcelain tile cladding:

1. The holes for installing clamps are marked.
2. In accordance with the markings, holes are made with an electric drill. The diameter is selected to be 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet.
3. Clamps are installed, which are then secured with rivets. At the same stage, the porcelain tile itself is installed. Self-tapping screws are used to attach tiles to the frame.

If you want to know in more detail how the installation of ventilated facades is done, it shows all the incomprehensible points. It should be noted that self-installation should be carried out only after a thorough study of the installation technology of the purchased cladding.

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features - Easy

Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features Ventilated facade - technology for installing porcelain stoneware cladding Ventilated facade - technology