Black film for strawberries. Growing strawberries under film: technology features. Planting under black covering material

Non-woven agrofibre – modern material, convenient for mulching beds. The popular variety responds especially well to such mulch. berry crop- strawberry. Usually the beds are covered with covering material up to. But The procedure for mulching the plantation can be carried out after planting the strawberries.

Spread a covering mulch fabric over the planted strawberry plantation

The optimal lifespan of a strawberry bed is 3–4 years. After this, the plantings are renewed by planting young plants in a new place.

Black mulching material is made from polypropylene fiber.

Spending time, effort and money covering old plants with agrofibre is pointless. It is beneficial to cover only the beds of the first or second year of life.

The specific time is selected based on the following indicators:

• Bushes should be well leafed . This will make it easier to determine the location for the slits in the mulching fabric.
• Plants are not disturbed during the period from budding, flowering and harvest.
• It is more convenient to work on a windless day.
• It is advisable that the weather is not too hot and the soil is not dry.

For covering strawberries, material with a density of 60 g/m2 is best suited.

Covering the ground with black fabric leads to a rapid rise in temperature in the root zone. In hot and dry weather, and even with a lack of moisture, strawberry plants can survive severe temperature stress. Laying mulch according to wet soil, on the contrary, creates optimal conditions for development.

It is advisable to cover strawberry plantings with mulch cloth. from mid-July to late autumn . The procedure can be carried out in the spring if the bushes have a lot of leaves or are planted according to a strict pattern, with a clear distance between the holes.

Stages of work

I spread covering material over the strawberry bed.

1. Measure the size of the beds, prepare the necessary pieces of agrofibre . They are cut with allowances for overlapping installation (with an overlap of 15 cm) and reliable fastening(in earthen grooves). If the ridges are raised, do not forget to take into account their height.
2. The plantation is carefully weeded from weeds , loosen the earth.
3. The surface of the beds is leveled as much as possible (if possible, without damaging the plantings).
4. If the soil is dry, water it soaking to a depth of 25 cm .
5. You can treat the soil with fungicides (copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, drugs Propi Plus or Topaz, biological products Alirin, Fitosporin).
6. The beds are covered with agrofibre , temporarily fixing the fabric with boards or other improvised methods.
7. Use a sharp knife to cut small holes (usually crosswise) over the bushes, focusing on the layout of the holes or by touch on the foliage.
8. The bushes are carefully pulled out through the holes made. , simultaneously straightening the material and pressing it to the ground.
9. Agrofibre is stretched along the edges and finally fixed with pins made of thick wire (10 cm long). The ends of the fabric are buried in earthen grooves.

After this, the strawberry plants can be sprayed with the immune stimulant Zircon (according to the instructions). It helps plants survive stress, especially temperature.

The edges of the material are sprinkled with earth, and the passages between the beds are mulched with straw.

Beneficial properties of agrofibre mulch

The earthen surface of the beds is also protected with organic mulch - straw, sawdust, wood chips, pine needles, dry leaves, peat, compost. But organic materials have a number of disadvantages:

• attract,
• accumulate pathogens
• require annual updating
• acidify the soil.

Non-woven fiber appeared relatively recently, and before that they fought weeds using mulching polyethylene film . Unfortunately, such coverage

• deteriorates quite quickly under the influence of natural factors and mechanical damage;
• prevents optimal moisture supply (preferably expensive drip irrigation);
• leads to overheating of the roots;
• does not allow the earth to breathe normally;
• disrupts the work of beneficial soil inhabitants (microorganisms, earthworms).

Advantages of covering material

1. Weeds don't germinate.
2. The supply of moisture to strawberries occurs in optimal mode. Rain and irrigation water easily penetrates the roots and is well retained in the soil. Moderate evaporation processes also occur, so there is no waterlogging.
3. The soil breathes, its valuable inhabitants - earthworms, humus-forming bacteria - are actively developing.
4. There is less dampness in the aboveground part of strawberry bushes, which means less danger for insects.
5. The berry is clean, it is practically...
6. Heat accumulates . The harvest ripens earlier and is fuller. The bushes are growing more powerful.
7. Created additional protection root zones in winter and off-season.
8. Pests that overwinter in the soil are deprived of the opportunity to hide on the strawberry plantation.
9. The durability of the coating lasts for several years.
10. The material is easy to cut and sew the right sizes, convenient to lay and attach. Agrofibre has light weight, you can work with it alone.
11. Mulch does not emit any substances hazardous to the environment.

Features of covering material

Industrial enterprises produce agrofibre from a synthetic substance - polypropylene.

Covering material is sold in gardening and hardware stores. Manufacturers give him different names: lutrasil, agril, agrotex, and others. For mulching strawberry beds choose black material with number 60 (this is an indicator high density and strength).

1. The two sides of agrofibre differ in their properties.
2. It is spread on the beds with the smooth side down and the porous side on top.
3. Moisture easily passes into the ground and evaporates slowly.

This creates the most comfortable environment for strawberry plants.

Two-layer covering materials

IN last years Two-layer covering materials go on sale. They cost a little more, but have special additional properties.

Two-layer agrotextile with white top.

For example, a two-layer agrotex is white or yellow on top and black on the bottom. This way the roots suffer less from overheating - the sun's rays are reflected from the light surface. Dark bottom inhibits weed seedlings.

It is advantageous to use two-layer multi-colored agrofibre in hot regions, on southern slopes, in closed ground conditions .

Video about choosing covering material

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When asked about the advantages of growing strawberries on beds covered with film or spunbond, gardeners who have tried this method give a positive answer. The advantages really exist, and they are noticeable even in the first season after planting using this method:

1. Completely free of weeds. Plants cannot get through the film to the light. Even perennial weeds will be suppressed and grow less aggressively. Those herbs that manage to grow through the holes where the strawberry bushes are planted will be quite easy to remove: incomparably easier than weeding the entire ridge.
2. Penetrating under the covering material, moisture remains in the soil much longer. Thanks to this, the plantings are less susceptible to drying out in the absence of rain. And the impossibility of the owners coming to the dacha for watering also becomes less dangerous: the need for watering is delayed by 7 - 10 days compared to growing berries in open ground.
3. Another advantage of the method is that the berries do not have contact with the soil. This allows them to remain clean even after heavy rain and prevents the development of gray rot, the spores of which fall on the berries from the surface of the ground.
4. Removing tendrils on a plantation under film becomes much easier, because they cannot take root and gain a foothold in the soil.

Along with the advantages, gardeners note one drawback with such planting: a system may be required drip irrigation. But this same innovation on the site will significantly save money on water and electricity bills.

Implementation process

It is very convenient to transfer the strawberry plantation under film in the fall gradually, over 3 to 4 years. This will make it possible to draw conclusions about the advantages or disadvantages of using film and will not interrupt the cycle of natural replacement of plantings on the site. After all, the specified period is exactly the time at which it is recommended to grow strawberries in one place without replanting. You can start replacing your old bed and at the same time try new way cultivation of berry bushes. And next year, replacing another bed, continue or abandon it.

In order to prepare the bed for planting, you need to add rotted manure, compost (1 bucket per 1 m²), wood ash(1 - 1.5 cups per 1 m²) or use complex fertilizer according to the instructions for the preparation. If it is not possible to start planting immediately, then the bed can be watered abundantly and covered with film. This is relevant if strawberries are planned to be planted locally. winter garlic or onions, and it is still too hot and dry for planting berries at this time.

It is also important to know that the film for planting strawberries must be chosen with high density (thickness 40 - 50 microns).

Then it will be enough for the entire period of operation of the ridge, and at the next replanting it will be clear whether the covering material needs to be replaced. When growing strawberries on spunbond or agrofibre, a density of 60 g/m² is quite acceptable. Manufacturers guarantee the service life of material of this density for just 3 years. The width of both film and non-woven is 1.6 m and 3.2 m. Calculate the quantity the required material When purchasing it, you can do this:

• with a width of 1.6 m, 1 ridge of the required length is formed, i.e. you need to purchase material based on the following calculation: the length of the ridge plus 50 - 60 cm to cover the ends and secure the material;
• with a width of 3.2 m, the film can be cut into strips of 1.6 m or covered with it in 2 ridges at once; in the 1st case, the length should be 2 times less than the desired length of the ridge plus a margin for securing the film.

When using a strip 1.6 m wide, it is necessary to form a ridge of 90 - 100 cm, unfold the material over the soil, and fix the end parts. Mounting can be done like this:

• pin the film to the ground with wire pins through squares of thick plastic or linoleum;
• use a shovel to make narrow cracks in the soil and wooden planks press the film tightly there;
• wrap the edge of the film around a metal tube or wooden block;
• sprinkle the edges with earth or cover the ridge with stone or brick.

After fixing the ends of the film, fasten the sides too, using a width that extends beyond the ridge.

Mark places for planting: on the edge of the ridge - 1st row, at a distance of 25 cm in a checkerboard pattern - 2nd row. Then you need to leave 40 - 50 cm in the center for easy processing and repeat the 2-row row with an interval of 25 cm and a staggered arrangement of plants. If the material is 3.2 m wide and the beds are located side by side, you can cut the film sleeve on only one side, unfold the canvas, completely covering the 2 beds and the passage between them. In this case, after marking the 1st ridge, you need to leave 50 - 60 cm for the passage and start marking the 2nd ridge according to the same pattern: 2 double-row lines with an interval of 40 cm between them. (Fig. 1) To prevent damage to the central part of the film or non-woven fabric in the passage, you can lay flat boards, paths made of linoleum or other similar material on top of it, or fill the passage with a thick layer of sawdust or straw.

Plant the bushes in cross-shaped cuts made in the marked places. Parts of the film are folded under the canvas, and a hole is dug with a scoop into which a strawberry seedling is placed. The video clearly shows how to form a ridge and plant strawberries. (video 1)

After planting, it is advisable to water each bush by hand to provide it with a sufficient amount of moisture immediately after transplanting. A drip irrigation system can be installed a little later if necessary.

What material is best for mulching strawberry beds?

For beds with this type of berries (and for strawberries, by the way, too) they usually take a special plastic film. Today there is big choice among the manufacturers and types of such film that allows the cultivation of strawberries, and in most cases in the column “service life” a time period of “from 3 years” is indicated.

Strawberries grown by yourself have a richer taste, unlike store-bought ones.

The film comes in white and black. There are also two-color ones. Other colors are available in Europe. You need to know that you need to buy a mulching film with a thickness of 40-50 microns. Some gardeners still sometimes take a film that has a smaller thickness. The main thing is to take into account how wide the ridge will be and how much you want to plant nearby. Most often they plant 2 rows, but the final decision is still up to you.

There is an alternative to film, in the form of black spunbond. White spanbod is not so good. When laying black spandex, be sure to determine beforehand where the top is and where the bottom is, because one side of it has the ability to pass water, and the other does not.

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How to plant strawberry seedlings in mulched beds: using spunbond or film?

First you need to decide what kind of strawberry seedlings you plan to grow: with an open or closed root system. Open root system- these are seedlings that have simply just been dug up with the intention of transplanting them to another place. Closed - these are seedlings in pots.

When calculating costs and profits, we can say with confidence that the costs of agrofibre are fully justified, since the harvest is obtained earlier.

Let's skip such moments as preparing the soil, watering and covering the beds with film, and go straight to the planting itself. To cut holes in agrofibre, you can use ordinary scissors. When it comes to film, you can use various devices, it's only limited by your imagination. Or you can use a regular wallpaper knife.

Making holes in the ground can be done using a pipe having a diameter similar to the diameter of the pot. After driving the pipe into the ground, remove it and shake out the soil from it. Place the plant, extended with a lump of earth, in the vacant space. Before starting the process, calculate the depth of the pipe and create a mark on it so that the depth of the holes for the seedlings is the same for everyone and at the same time is not too large or small for the seedlings.

It is recommended to avoid the option in which the seedlings are first planted, then covered with mulch film and holes cut, since not only is this option more difficult to implement, but it also jeopardizes the cultivation of intact sprouts.

In the case of planting frigo strawberries, you can make a hole with the tool that you choose for yourself, and to thread the roots of the seedling you can use a tool similar to the one shown in the image.

When cutting holes and other actions related to planting, remember the location of the drip irrigation tube under the mulch film so as not to damage it.

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What time is most favorable for planting strawberries?

Planting and cultivation are most favorable in late July and August. Although most often planting is done in September, since during the above period, most gardeners have all the land occupied by other crops.

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What type of seedlings is best to use?

It is best to use strawberry seedlings in pots. A seedling from such seedlings does not have such serious stress as in the case of planting a seedling with an open root system, and it does not have to waste energy on recovery. In addition, such strawberries can be planted from mid-April to early October.

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Film or agrofibre?

Growing strawberries is always a rather labor-intensive process. Both film and agrofibre are pretty good means, but the opinions of gardeners are divided. Someone is counting the film the best remedy, and some consider agrofibre to be such.

If the film is purchased from a reliable manufacturer, there is no doubt about its quality. But if you accidentally purchased the film Low quality, then be prepared for the fact that overheating of the soil may occur in summer due to the fact that the film does not allow air to pass through. In addition, such a film may not last long - despite the stated service life, it may last for 1-2 seasons. It is also not recommended to use such a film for longer than 1-2 months due to the suppression of soil microflora and the strawberries not receiving the elements they need. Another drawback: even in mild frost, the film freezes due to the condensation that forms, and for this reason it requires additional heating.

Straw seems like a good option, but it doesn’t hold up strong wind and may attract rodents. If you take sawdust, they are effective when used with agrofibre because they are susceptible to weathering. When preparing for winter, their layer must be at least 8 cm, and without auxiliary material It will be difficult to keep them evenly distributed throughout the bed. In addition, when using sawdust and straw, it is also necessary to add nitrogen-containing fertilizers to the soil, since both straw and sawdust are taken from the soil needed by plants nitrogen. If you use decorative mulch ( pine needles, gravel, wood chips), do not forget to take into account that during watering some of the moisture may remain in the layer organic mulch, for this reason it is necessary to check the moisture content of the soil underneath. Remember that bark, sawdust or leaves tend to caking, and therefore the process of rotting may begin. To prevent this from happening, you need to loosen the mulch from time to time.

At the same time, agrofibre is capable of allowing moisture and air to pass through, which provides protection from low night temperatures and allows plants to “breathe”. Price of this material slightly higher than that of film, but its consumption is more economical due to its long service life. The structure of agrofiber is porous, so plants can be watered with liquid fertilizers or water without it. The soil has the ability to breathe, receive and retain moisture. Black agrofibre can be left untouched all year round. The main thing is to securely secure the material to the ground so that it does not blow away by the wind and so that light does not penetrate.

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Choosing agrofibre

Today on the market there is a large number of agrofibre producers. Agrofibre itself has many varieties in color, purpose and density. In order to start growing strawberries using mulching, it is better to take black agrofibre with a density of 60 g/m2. It lasts more than 3 seasons. If you need to protect strawberries from bad weather conditions, you need to use white agrofibre with a density of 17 g/m2 (it protects against sunburn, hail, heavy precipitation, birds, etc.) to 60 g/m2 (protects against frost down to -9 degrees). The width of the agrofibre must be selected according to the width of the bed. The most common widths are 1.6 m and 3.2 m.

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Preparing the site for planting

Choose light areas that have loose soil, for planting strawberries. It is better that the area is level (slope no more than 5 degrees). Any soil is suitable for strawberries, but it is best to grow them in medium loamy soil. If the soil is clay or sandy, it needs to be fertilized with compost and manure. Strawberries grow quite well in soils whose acidity is not lower than 5.0, but the best option– slightly acidic soils with a pH from 5.5 to 6.0. Acidic soil, with a pH of 5.0 and below, is limed and the depth of the arable horizon is gradually increased. They also bring in special or organic fertilizers. Gypsum, peat, and a weak solution are added to soil with a pH above 6.0 of hydrochloric acid, mineral fertilizers.

To prepare the soil, dig it up with a shovel full, select and remove the roots of the weeds, fertilize the soil evenly, level it and mark the area. If you fertilized this area well earlier, there is no need to fertilize it now. Strawberries grow well in areas where green manure crops (mustard, phacelia and others) previously grew.

Agrofibre - indispensable assistant on the plots of modern summer residents. This simple material allows you to reduce the usual amount of effort in caring for and growing crops, and get the maximum percentage of the harvest in early dates. The variety of agrofabrics offers optimal choice in accordance with the region of use and its climatic characteristics.

Strawberries under film are one of the most striking manifestations of the effect of soil covering technology. Thanks to black covering material, the most capricious crop becomes accessible to successful cultivation even for a novice gardener.

Features of application

The use of agrofabrics in agriculture is a relatively young phenomenon. Just 15 years ago, such special equipment was expensive and unavailable for sale to a wide range of Russian consumers. Today, the technique is of interest to both summer residents and businessmen in the agricultural sector.

The material is made from polypropylene and is a synthetic fabric in white or black. The structure of the fabric is porous and does not interfere with air and moisture. White material has high transmittance sun rays and is intended for surface covering of seedlings. Black excludes the penetration of light and is used as a covering on the soil.

Directions of action of dark agrofibre:

1. 1. Sheltering the root system from frost.
2. 2. Moisture retention and protection from soil drying out.
3. 3. Creation of a stable microclimate.
4. 4. Exclusion of development weeds.
5. 5. Prevention sunburn.

Manufacturers offer several types of covering material:

The form of agrofibre production is in rolls with a width of 1.5 to 4 m.

Growing strawberries for fiber

Growing strawberries and strawberries is accompanied by regular care measures, the implementation of which directly affects the size and quality of the crop. The use of agrofibre reduces effort to a minimum. Thanks to the technology of planting on fabric, the plant ceases to be considered a capricious crop and becomes accessible to both experienced and novice gardeners.

It is customary to plant berries both in spring and autumn. It is better to work with covering material in early spring so that the seedlings are used summer period to create a suitable microclimate under the flooring. A stronger root system will overwinter more successfully under the material.

Preparation of beds

There are several options for laying agrofibre flooring, each of which has its own subtleties.

1. 1. “Smart beds” - arrangement of a box filled with nutrient soil. The frame is built from boards, the sides are joined together with corners. The height of the structure must be at least 20 cm.

To install the ridges choose sunny place, having a smooth relief. The soil used to fill the box must be cleared of the presence of weeds, stones and any objects that can bring mechanical damage fabrics. Heavy soil can be drained with fine sand and rotted straw. Before laying the nutrient layer, humus, sifted ash, and mineral fertilizers (urea, superphosphate, azophosphate) are added to the ground.

The soil must be carefully dug up and placed evenly in the box to the edge of the structure.

The canvas is spread over the ridge with joints of at least 25 cm. Fastening to the box is done with a furniture stapler and studs made of strong wire. The main condition is to prevent the fabric from sliding along the perimeter of the ridge in any weather.

1. 2. Direct soil cover.

A simpler method that only requires pre-treatment plot.

The dug up and fertilized soil is placed in long mounds required size, designed for 1 or 2 bushes in width. The height of the hill is 25-30 cm, with a distance of 0.5 m from each other. It is more convenient to cover the area allocated for strawberries completely, along with the row spacing. This will prevent the appearance of weeds along the entire perimeter of the berry garden. If there is a need to save material, it is laid on top of the hill and secured to the soil with pins, pipes or bricks.

Marking

Today, manufacturers offer agrofibre with ready-made markings, thanks to which the bed has a neat appearance and the time for planting is significantly reduced.

Work with simple material involves a preliminary calculation of the location of seedlings. Optimal scheme The planting area for strawberries is 30 x 30 cm. Future growth points are calculated using a tape measure, the locations are marked with chalk. The slots are made stationery knife crosswise The width should correspond to the circumference of the hand that will perform the landing. Excessively big hole threatens the appearance of weeds in the area of ​​the strawberry root system.

Planting seedlings

Strawberry planting material is offered for sale in peat cups or with an open root system.

High-quality strawberry seedlings are a strong seedling with at least five leaves with a deep-colored “heart” - the central leaf. Root system healthy plant- rod with big amount side layers with a total length of at least 5-7 cm.

The bottom of the peat cup is carefully cut off and placed in the hole of the agricultural material to the depth of the height of the container. The corners of the slot should be adjusted into place, completely covering the surface around the shoots. As the seedling grows, the cup will collapse under the influence of water and serve as an additional source of nutrition for the strawberries.

The bare-root crop should be placed in a hole strictly in vertical position so that the root system is straightened. This measure is necessary for quick and painless adaptation to permanent place growth.

After planting, it is advisable to water abundantly.

Caring for strawberries on agrofibre

The advantage of using black covering material is that it reduces maintenance efforts. Indoor seedlings require only watering and fertilizing.

The ridges are watered 2-3 times a week, more often in dry summers. The soil under the material does not need to be loosened and does not clump.

Fertilizers are used from store-bought liquids or prepared aqueous solutions - superphosphate, urea, azophosphate. Ash and manure applied with water under the seedlings in the evening or in cloudy weather are useful for strawberries. Fertilizers are most important before and during flowering, then they are applied every two weeks.

Strawberries will not need to be replanted for the next 4-5 years.

Controlling the formation of runners on a plant planted using the black layer method is also easy. Pruning or rooting is not inconvenient.

At the end of fruiting, the green mass of the bushes is cut off, leaving 2-3 central leaves. This will help the strawberries gain strength and prepare for the dormant period.

Black covering material is an excellent mulching agent that rids beds of weeds and protects against frost and drought.

By implementing the technology of laying black agrofibre step by step, the summer resident will receive a harvest that significantly exceeds the result of planting the crop in open ground. The ridges acquire a high decorative value, pleasing the eye with cleanliness and well-groomed appearance.