Plastic windows variety. Types and types of plastic windows. Combined type of windows

Today, windows are made from a variety of materials and can have the most different shapes. Based on this, you can ask the question: what types of windows are there? The correct answer to the question is the classification of products.

For example, they can be divided into types according to the material used to make them:

• PVC structures;
• wooden;
• aluminum;
• combined view windows.

In addition to the material, frames can be divided into groups according to design:

• paired;
• separate;
• single.

Today, products can be with single glazing or double glazing.

Classification of windows by material

Today, systems are manufactured using very complex technologies, thanks to which they achieve excellent result in heat and sound insulation. Products made from PVC are very popular today. But for those who prefer the classic version, wooden frames are also made using new technologies. As a result, the finished product is radically different from old wooden ones.

Metal-plastic.

Metal-plastic structures have been known to the world for more than 50 years. They appeared on the territory of our country much later. All products were imported from other countries, since domestic production was not established. Today, using technology from leading brands, products are manufactured in the country. The metal-plastic device consists of:

• polyvinyl chloride profile;
• reinforcement made of galvanized steel, which is located inside the profile chambers;
• high-quality fittings;
• glass unit.

Using a PVC profile in a production environment, you can create a window of completely different configurations.

Aluminum windows.

Many people associate aluminum with industrial buildings, offices, shops. It is in such establishments that aluminum window frames are most often used. Due to their strength, such frames are installed in houses where they will be subject to intense loads. Also, very often such metal frames are used for the construction winter gardens, glazing of balconies. It is this frame that will allow you to create a large window.

Wooden windows.

Previously, only wooden windows were installed in houses, which became deformed over time, creating cracks through which heat was lost and cold entered. Today, in order to create a wooden window, new technologies are used. For the manufacture of such windows, hardwood or three-layer timber is used. It is the use of laminated veneer lumber that completely eliminates the possibility of any deformation. The glazing is modern single- or double-chamber double-glazed windows.

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Combined type of windows

According to experts, such windows will soon occupy a leading position in the field of glazing. This is due to the fact that such windows use several materials, for example, wood and aluminum, wood and plastic, etc. Having absorbed the most best qualities materials used, such windows will last very long long time without delivering unnecessary hassle in its service.

The most striking option for a combined window is a structure made of a three-layer profile. The first layer is decorative, made of wood. The second layer is made of metal, it protects the structure from environmental influences, and also gives the frame rigidity and stability. The third layer is made of polyvinyl chloride; the main purpose of using this material is to significantly increase the thermal insulation qualities.

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Key Features

Windows are the source natural light in the apartment and access to fresh air. This is especially important in apartments where ventilation systems don't work so well.

But at the same time, they create significantly greater heat loss during the cold season. It is through glazing that the most a large number of heat. In order to significantly reduce such losses, it is necessary to select the correct profile, clarify the design of the glass unit, and check all joints. Additional measures Blinds and curtains can be used to retain heat.

Double-glazed windows.

The number of glasses in a double-glazed window plays a very important role in heat retention. There are options for windows with one glass, but heat loss in this case will be maximum.

A double-glazed window, in which two glasses are installed, forms a certain air gap which will reduce heat loss. Modern double-glazed windows can have two or three sheets of glass. Additionally, the space between them is filled with dry air or gas.

All joints are closed with sealing profiles.

In addition to light, extraneous sounds and noise enter the room through the windows. Sound insulation will depend on the number and thickness of glass. To minimize the passage extraneous sounds, it is worth taking care to seal all joints, not only window design, but also the connection points between the window and the opening.

When choosing a system, it is worth Special attention pay attention to the type of opening. Today, thanks to accessories, products can be:

• folding;
• rotary;
• tilt and turn;
• deaf;
• sliding.

Blind design.

This design does not involve opening the doors. The product costs much less than other options and is as reliable as possible. It is used in houses quite rarely, since it is almost impossible to wash it from the street if it is not located on the ground floor. The only option may be to completely remove the glass unit and then install it in place. Fixed windows can be installed on the side walls of the balcony or in the entrances. They can also be installed in private homes as a source of natural light in the hallway or terrace.

Folding design.

If the window is equipped with tilting fittings, it can be opened to the ventilation position (vertical opening). In this case, normal opening is not available. Like a blind window, this design does not have access to outside, which prevents the window from being cleaned. Such a window can be installed in a place where full opening cannot be achieved. This is possible if the layout of the house does not have enough space to allow the sash to open completely. But, unlike a blind window, such a window allows you to gain access to fresh air.

Rotating window design.

The rotating design opens in the traditional way. This method allows you to gain access to the outside and adjacent doors. This design is very easy and convenient to care for. Disadvantages include the need free space, which will allow you to open the doors freely. Similar elements are installed in almost any room.

Swivel and tilt design.

The most popular and common type of opening. Those. allows you to open as classic version, and leave the element in the ventilation position. They are also installed almost everywhere.

Sliding system.

This opening system metal plastic windows appeared relatively recently. This opening method allows you to open all windows completely, even in the narrowest room. This system is most often used on loggias and balconies. The quality of windows with such an opening system is no different from the usual opening system. All joints are completely sealed and do not leak cold air inside.

A window profile is a frame that holds a glass unit. Different types of window profiles differ in the material of manufacture and internal structure. Let us consider in detail the differences and advantages of profile structures, their quality, cost and performance characteristics.

What types of windows are there?

Modern window profiles for double-glazed windows are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood or metal (aluminum profile). Each of the above materials has its own advantages, which determine its popularity and cost.

Wooden window profile

Wooden frames represent the most expensive, prestigious design of a window opening. Natural wood Long drying, thorough impregnation with an antiseptic and protection from moisture are required. Therefore the cost wooden window an order of magnitude more plastic profile. If the wood is not dried enough or treated incorrectly, expensive windows can collapse within a year of their installation.

The look of natural wood creates a prestigious design and attractive aesthetics. At quality training wood is quite durable and reliable. The best wood for making window profiles is oak, larch; alder and pine wood are more accessible.

Let's summarize the advantages of wooden profiles:

• aesthetics and prestige;
• natural environmentally friendly material;
• good heat capacity.

Flaws:

• Possibility of warping, swelling, cracking and other types of damage;
• Expensive;
• High professionalism of the master manufacturer is required.

An option for using wood for double glazed windows is wood-aluminum profile. In him wood material closed from outside metal plates. From the inside, on the residential side, the frame shows natural wood, on the outside the frame is protected from moisture by metal.

Aluminum profile

Aluminum window profiles are made with a small number of chambers (two or three). Metal itself is an insufficient heat insulator, because of this metal windows cold. They are mainly used for glazing large retail areas, airports, but also balconies and loggias. "Warm" metal windows are equipped with a thermal liner that increases heat capacity profile design. The cost of such windows is significantly higher than “cold” ones.

A metal window is characterized by the following advantages:

• strength;
• low flammability;
• durability.

Flaws:

• low heat capacity (for “cold” profiles);
• high cost (applies to “warm” structures).

Two main types of profiles from aluminum alloy in demand in various buildings. “Cold” aluminum profile is used where an inexpensive frame is needed, good strength, without special requirements to retain heat. The “warm” expensive profile is installed in heated rooms for durable operation in cold winter conditions.

PVC profile

PVC profile is called a plastic window. Its characteristics:

• high thermal insulation;
• moisture resistance;
• various designs (thanks to gluing laminated film).

Thermal insulation properties are ensured by the presence of hollow chambers inside. Due to the resistance of plastic to atmospheric precipitation, it does not absorb moisture, does not swell, does not rot or crack.

PVC has some disadvantages:

• flammability (characteristic of most plastics);
• The more cameras, the greater the weight of the structure, the higher the requirements for window installation.

Due to its affordable cost, PVC profiles have become the most popular material for the manufacture of double-glazed windows. Dozens of people are engaged in the production of PVC various manufacturers. Their profiles differ in the number of chambers and thickness plastic wall. Let's consider what characteristics are used to evaluate PVC profiles.

Characteristics of PVC window profile

Popular manufacturers of window profiles

1. REHAU is a German manufacturer, has own production on Russian territory. It supplies the Russian market with six models of profiles: 3-6 chambers, the width of a standard double-glazed window is 32–40 mm; in wide double-glazed windows (86 mm), special glass is installed and fiber is used. The heat transfer resistance coefficient is from 0.64 to 1.05 (for fiberglass profiles). The manufacturer regulates that a coefficient of 0.95 corresponds to heat capacity brick wall one meter thick.
2. KBE is a German manufacturer with two subsidiaries in Russia. Produces 8 profile models with different characteristics: 3-6 cameras, glass thickness from 32 to 52 mm. The heat transfer coefficient of the KBE profile is 0.7 – 1.04.
3. VEKA is a Russian-German manufacturer, VEKA Rus is a subsidiary of VEKA AG. Produces standard blocks and non-standard design structures for window openings and balconies in accordance with European standard RAL. The main models produced: Softline (for double-glazed windows from 4 to 42 mm, five chambers, heat transfer resistance coefficient 0.75), Softline 82 (glazing unit width 24-52 mm, seven chambers, coefficient 1.0), Euroline (three chambers, double-glazed window 32 mm, coefficient 0.64), Proline (four chambers, 4-42 mm, coefficient 0.75), Swingline (6-42 mm, five chambers, coefficient 0.77), Alphaline (elite 6-chamber profile with high coefficient 1.04).

   

4. MONTBLANC is a German manufacturer that supplies four types of profiles from 3 to 6 chambers (eco, thermo, nord and grand) to Russia. The width of the double-glazed windows is 32, 42 and 52 mm. Heat transfer resistance ranges from 0.6 to 0.82 mm. Frame thickness from 60 to 80 mm. Six air chambers fit into a width of 80 mm. High heat-saving functions make the profile popular in Russia.
5. SALAMANDER (also Germany) - produces profiles of 3, 5 and 6 chambers with frame thicknesses from 60 to 92 mm. Dimensions of mounted double-glazed windows: 32 mm, 48 and 60 mm. The widest Salamander profile BluEvolution has a heat transfer resistance of 1.0. The manufacturer regulates high burglary resistance of windows(thanks to closed system reinforcement).
6. Schuco German manufacturer, produces 3-7 chamber PVC profiles for standard and energy-efficient construction. The maximum heat transfer resistance coefficient is 0.94. Double-glazed windows up to 36 mm thick. In wide frames with a thickness of 82 mm, it is possible to install anti-burglary fittings. Schuco also produces warm aluminum profiles with a number of cameras from 3 to 7, steel profiles for cold glazing.
7. TROCAL is a German manufacturer, the pioneer of the industry, which presented at construction market the first plastic window (in 1954). Has been producing window profiles for almost 60 years. The width of the double-glazed windows is from 30 to 58 mm. Four to five chamber profile, 70 and 88 mm installation width. The heat transfer coefficient is 0.82. Lead-free technology allows you to install a profile in child care institutions (kindergartens and schools).

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And finally: accessories

Fittings are a set of metal parts that provide a movable connection of various elements in general design window. Durability depends on the quality of the fittings window product . It is important to know that famous brand manufacturers have cheap lines of lower quality fittings for Eastern European countries.

Kinds window fittings:

• Tilt and turn (for opening the window and tilting the transom).
• The lock and handle are a multifunctional design that locks the frame in any position using an internal axis.
• Parallel-sliding (for retractable sashes).
• Tilt-and-slide.
• Vertical sliding.

In addition to fittings, the design of double-glazed windows uses. They provide the necessary insulation from noise and cold.

Choice window profile, its main characteristics and fittings are carried out in accordance with the required thermal capacity of the window and the price level for its production. The quality of the profile and fittings determines the appearance of the double-glazed window and its performance characteristics: thermal insulation, sound absorption, strength and durability.

Today, the majority of buyers in our country choose plastic windows. This is due to the high functionality of the design and reasonable cost. Today, there are many options for plastic windows on the market for such products. In order for the selected designs to last a long time, it is necessary to choose them correctly.

There are many types of plastic windows. They differ in a number of characteristics. To choose suitable option, it is necessary to consider existing proposals. This will help you choose the best variety.

Peculiarities

To replace windows with wooden frames plastic windows arrived. The types of windows (photo shown below) in this category are varied. To choose the best option, you need to find out for what purpose the replacement is being made.

For many buyers, the aesthetic appearance of a product is almost the only criterion. However, such designs should not only be characterized by beauty. It should be understood that it is through the glass that most of the heat from the room passes into the environment. It is for this reason that it is important to pay attention to the technical issue of creating a structure.

Windows should be functional and easy to use. They should be easy to wash and open for airing. Also, such designs significantly reduce noise from the street, providing complete rest for the owners of the house.

Number of sashes

When considering the types of plastic windows for a private house or apartment, you should consider their design. Models with one or more doors are available for sale. When choosing, it is important to consider where the window will be installed, what kind of exterior the structure is characterized by and other nuances.

For small openings, single-leaf structures are selected. Their width does not exceed 1 m. If the opening is characterized by large dimensions, it is advisable to purchase a window with two or even three sashes. In this case, double-glazed windows are characterized by a significant area.

If the opening is large enough, between the sashes you need to make vertical racks. They must be massive enough to ensure the stability of the entire structure. It should be taken into account that if there are racks, the weight of the window increases and the light transmittance decreases.

Opening the doors

The types of opening plastic windows also differ. There are several types of mechanisms on sale. The door may not open at all. Such windows retain heat best, but they are very difficult to clean. Even on the first floor, you will most likely need to use a stepladder.

There are doors that open thanks to a rotating mechanism. They can only open indoors. Owners of houses and apartments with large windows can combine sash types. For example, for a three-section design, you can choose on the sides swivel mechanism. In this case, there may be a blind sash in the center.

Also on sale are doors with a folding mechanism. Such sections rotate along a horizontal axis from the bottom of the structure. This function is necessary for high-quality ventilation of the room. Most often, the folding mechanism is combined with rotary systems.

Profile production

Not only types of adjustments of plastic windows are important issue when choosing. One of the main indicators of the efficiency and reliability of a design is the type of profile. The cost of the design largely depends on the quality and technology of its manufacture.

The profile is made of a polymer, which is created on the basis of ethylene and chlorine. Various components are added to it, which increase the material’s resistance to mechanical stress and climatic conditions. During the manufacturing process, dry powder is subjected to high blood pressure. The result is the basis of the future frame.

The profile design is different complex shape. It is further strengthened with a U-shaped profile. Also, in some cases, a square pipe is used for these purposes. Using thermal soldering, all structural elements are glued together. Due to the peculiarities of production, the plastic for the profile after processing is not susceptible to chemical influences, does not ignite and does not lose its original characteristics when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Profile design

There are different types of plastic window profiles. They differ in design and appearance. If a coloring pigment is added to PVC during manufacturing, the frame becomes not white, but a different shade. Profiles whose texture and color imitate natural wood are very popular.

The structure has a rectangular or trapezoidal internal section. It has longitudinal cavities. Their number may vary. The metal profile runs in the center. External camera connects to the atmospheric department. The holes are necessary for ventilation of the profile and removal of condensate from it. The remaining chambers are completely sealed.

It is the presence of cameras in plastic material Helps retain heat indoors. Otherwise it would go outside. The more chambers there are inside the structure, the warmer the room will be.

Selecting the number of cameras

When considering what types of plastic windows there are, you need to pay attention to the issue of choosing a profile. They can have from three to seven chambers. The choice depends on the climate. Residents of mid-latitudes must purchase designs with at least four chambers.

Profiles with three internal cavities are suitable for warm regions. Also, such a solution would be correct when installing windows in unheated rooms (outbuildings, warehouses).

Designs with 6-7 chambers have enough heavy weight. They differ little in thermal conductivity characteristics from five-chamber structures. Therefore, according to experts, it is not advisable to purchase them. The cost of such windows will be significantly higher. Performance characteristics at the same time they correspond to cheaper types. For residential premises, you can use a class “A” profile. Designs “B” and “C” are intended for technical and economic facilities.

Type of glass unit

There are several types of double-glazed windows for plastic windows. The simplest is the single-chamber variety. In this case, two glasses are inserted into the frame. There is one air chamber between them. This option is suitable for a balcony or loggia. Also, single-chamber double-glazed windows are installed in the kitchen.

Double-chamber double-glazed windows are a structure of three glasses. Between them, accordingly, there are two air chambers. This design can provide high sound and heat insulation. This option is suitable for almost all residential premises.

If the apartment or house is built in a cold climatic zone, it is recommended to purchase a three-chamber double-glazed window. It consists of four glasses. Also, such a design is preferable for apartments and houses whose windows overlook the roadway. They can be installed at very high heights.

Additional features

There are various types of plastic windows on sale. Some products have additional functions. This, for example, could be increased heat saving. To do this, a special film is sprayed onto the surface of the glass. It is not visible to the naked eye. The glass remains the same transparent.

Also, the product may not be subject to mechanical stress. If any object hits the glass, it will not break.

To increase sound insulation, the double-glazed window also has certain characteristics. The chambers are filled with inert gas. At the same time, the distance between the glasses is made unequal. This technology promotes good sound attenuation.

You can order tinted or mirror glass. In the first case, you can choose the color of the coating. Mirrored glass leaves the interior space invisible. The light transmission capacity is not reduced.

Installation features

There are also different types of installation of plastic windows. They can be installed with or without unpacking. In the first case, the structure is disassembled before installation. To do this, remove double-glazed windows and glazing beads. The sashes are also removed from their hinges.

In unpacked windows, it is possible to mount the frame first. It is attached directly to the wall. This takes into account the type of material from which the building is constructed. Most often, special ones are used to fasten the frame. anchor plates, as well as self-tapping screws or dowels of the appropriate size. After installing the frame, the entire structure is assembled together.

Windows without unpacking are installed in the window opening in finished form. This method is not suitable for apartments located on the 15th floor or higher. The first option is considered more reliable. Windows with unpacking are installed more often on any floor.

How to choose windows?

When considering the types of plastic windows, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the products presented. Best designs produced by Rehau, Veka, KBE, Schuko, Salamander and others. They produce products in various price categories.

Thus, economy class designs can be purchased from 5.5-9.5 thousand rubles. for one leaf. These are the simplest models. They have 3 air chambers in the profile. The frame material is almost always white.

Business class products have double-glazed window. They can be purchased from 9.5 thousand rubles. behind the sash. They have a profile with 4-5 cameras. Premium windows are the highest quality. Their cost can range from 11 thousand rubles. They have two- or three-chamber double-glazed windows. Glasses are different additional protection from noise, heat loss and burglary.

Experienced installers of plastic windows advise paying attention to a few more questions when choosing. Quality windows must have seals. There must be at least 2 circuits.

You also need to pay attention to the fittings of the products. You should not buy low-quality Chinese products. The cost of a window depends much less on the price of the fittings. Therefore, you should not save on this.

Having considered the types of plastic windows, you can draw the right conclusions about what issues you need to pay attention to first when choosing. The durability, efficiency and aesthetics of the structure depend on this.

The window is pretty complex system, which consists of many elements. They perform important functions, and the operation of the window as a whole depends on their quality. Therefore, it is necessary to know the structural features standard window system.

The design of a plastic window includes a frame, fittings, sashes, double-glazed windows and glazing beads.

A frame is a fixed structural element that is mounted in a window opening. The part of the window system that is attached to the frame and can be opened and closed as needed is called the sash.

Glazing beads are strips made of polyvinyl chloride that hold the glass unit in place.

Double-glazed window – several glasses, hermetically sealed together.

Typically, in the production of PVC windows, glass with a thickness of 4 to 6 mm is used, sometimes triplex is used. Triplex two sheets of glass that are held together are called transparent film. This type of glass is characterized by increased strength.

There are three types of double-glazed windows: single-chamber and two-chamber (2 glasses and a chamber between them) and three-chamber.

The space inside the PVC profile is filled jumpers. These partitions form compartments filled with air. The thermal insulation properties of the window system depend on these air chambers. The profile that contains maximum amount chambers is the warmest. Lately they have become very popular three-chamber windows PVC. This is explained by the fact that each camera has its own functional purpose.

One chamber increases the rigidity of the profile, the other promotes the outflow of water (drainage), and the fittings are attached to the third. The fittings include the following elements: handles, locking mechanisms, hinges and other devices that allow the doors to open. Indispensable accessories for PVC windows are seals. They are installed along the edge of the glass unit on both sides.

Types of metal-plastic windows

PVC windows, like any other product, are presented in wide range, in which each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, next we will consider the main types of metal-plastic windows and their features.

So, all PVC windows are classified according to the type of opening into the following types:

1. Blind window- can be part of a large plastic window in which other sashes open, or free-standing. The advantages of this type include low cost, since it does not have additional fittings or a sash profile. But such metal-plastic construction It is not easy to use, since it can only be washed from the inside. It is advisable to install fixed windows on the first floors of buildings or in openings that overlook a parapet or balcony.

2. Flip opening or transom– structures that open into the room in relation to vertical hinges. These windows are easy to use and provide the opportunity to ventilate the room.

3. Pivot opening (traditional) – windows, which open into the room in relation to the vertical hinges. These designs are very easy to use and can be washed without much effort. But they have a drawback: to open the sashes of a traditional window, you need free space.

4. Tilt and turn opening– a new opening mechanism that combines the features of the two types of windows listed above. These windows are very convenient to use, especially for ventilation. When windows are opened using the tilting method, Fresh air enters the room only through the upper part of the window and this prevents drafts. For ventilation of rooms in winter period time, leading manufacturers install micro-ventilation mechanisms.

5. Stud opening used for double-hung windows. It differs from the traditional type by closing “sash to sash”. The hinged opening is relevant for windows with a width of more than 1200 mm. When two doors are open, a continuous opening is formed, without a vertical partition. Metal-plastic windows are classified according to the number of sashes into: single-leaf, double-leaf and three-leaf windows.

Types of windows by configuration

Depending on the features of the building facade and size, window systems can have the following configurations:

• Rectangular (horizontal and vertical);
• Round;
• Arched;
• Triangular;
• Trapezoidal;
• Compound.

Classification of window systems by purpose

Windows can have different purposes for a room, according to which the following types can be distinguished:

• Energy saving– window systems that are covered with inside silver atoms producing a reflective effect. Thanks to this, heat is retained.
• Soundproofing– windows that have thickened glass and a special coating on them to reflect and absorb sound.
• Tinted– systems whose glass is coated with a component that absorbs the rays of the sun.
• Impact resistant windows. During their production, double-glazed windows are laminated with a special resin.

A wide range allows each customer to find their own option. The main thing is to take into account the specific operating conditions and personal preferences when choosing a window system.