Layout of the Brezhnevka: description and typical options. Tips for remodeling a two-room apartment: Khrushchev, P44 series Interior of a Brezhnevka apartment 2 rooms

Layouts.

One-room apartments.

Two-room apartments.

Three-room apartments.

"Khrushchev"

Everyone has heard the term “Khrushchev”, but not everyone can give an accurate description of this type of apartment. Let's try to figure it out together, for this we need to plunge into history.

Back in 1955, namely on July 31, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, headed by Khrushchev, adopted a resolution “On the development of housing construction in the USSR”, due to the massive shortage of living space. As a result, the Khrushchevka project was developed, which received its name from the participation of the Secretary General in it. Construction began in the mid-50s. Project on technical solution It was a panel or brick house of three or five floors with high ceilings (2.5 m), but no elevator or garbage chute. The style of such houses was strict, with the absence of any decorations; even glazed balconies in Khrushchev-era buildings were considered a great luxury at that time. On one floor there were four apartments, containing one or two rooms, with adjacent walls and poor sound insulation, a combined bathroom and a small kitchen. But even in such difficult conditions, people found the right solutions to everyday problems. Take, for example, the construction of a built-in cabinet for storing food. The thickness of the walls was about half a brick, and this was a good substitute for a refrigerator in cold times.

The apartments, of course, were small, with a minimum of amenities, but at that time this was happiness for people. Such houses were mainly built in large cities. This process proceeded at a colossal pace, which affected the quality of housing.

Layouts.

One-room apartment.

Two-roomed flat.

Three bedroom apartment.

Brezhnevka (Brezhnevskaya layout).

Brezhnevkas are improved Khrushchevkas. In these houses the area of ​​​​the rooms is larger and the kitchens are even seven meters high.

Characteristics of houses

It’s not hard to guess where their name came from: the houses were built during the reign of Brezhnev. Big advantage Brezhnevok is that the inter-apartment walls in these houses are load-bearing. Different regions of our country have their own understanding of series of standard houses; the greatest confusion concerns Brezhnevkas.

In the generally accepted understanding, by “Perm” standards, there are several series of standard houses classified by real estate market specialists as Brezhnevkas:

FIVE-STORY BRICK "BREZHNEV"

5-storey buildings with improved apartment planning parameters compared to Khrushchev buildings. In the hallways there is space for a built-in wardrobe, combined bathrooms are allowed only in 1-room apartments, all apartments have balconies.

Peculiarities:

o Flat roof;

o Paired balconies at the end;

o In the outer entrances there are 4 apartments per floor (2 to the right - 2 to the left) in the middle entrances there are 3 apartments;

o Rooms isolated or by tram;

o Bathrooms in 2,3,4 rooms are always separate, in 1 room there can be combined and separate. If the bathroom is combined, then the kitchen is larger;

o There are 4-room apartments, but only corner ones (62 sq.m. 1 Isolated + 3 Adjacent)

o Thanks to the material of the walls, brick “brezhnevki” are more in demand.

o The layouts of the apartments are similar to the panel “brezhnevka” ones.

Layouts:

Studio apartment

Two-roomed flat

Three bedroom apartment

Panel "brezhnevka" 5 floors.

Brezhnevkas are popularly called houses built in the 60s and 70s. The hallways are still small, but the kitchen has noticeably increased to 6-7 square meters.

Walk-through rooms are a thing of the past; now all rooms are isolated, and in large apartments the windows face both sides of the house. Unfortunately, the baths and toilets were very small. Most of the walls are load-bearing, so the possibilities for redevelopment are very limited, it is only possible to slightly expand the kitchen at the expense of the corridor and so on small bathroom. The houses are made of panels, so the ceilings, walls and floors are perfectly flat, but in winter they are cold, and the radiators are built into the wall. The coldest corner apartments, their residents have to install additional heating or buy radiators.

Layouts:

One-room apartments:

Two-room apartments:

Three-room apartments:

Brezhnevka nine, fourteen storeys.

Brezhnevka- a multi-storey residential building (usually 9 or 14 floors), built of brick, mass construction of which took place in the 70s and 80s of the last century. Unlike the Khrushchev building, it is equipped with an elevator and a garbage chute. Brezhnevka can often be recognized by the key phrase “Apartment with improved layout.”

Layouts:

One-room apartments:

Two-room apartments:

Gray panel.

These are apartments of the next (after Khrushchev's time) generation. 9-storey buildings with a garbage chute and elevators. The houses are built from reinforced concrete panels. The parameters of the apartments in these houses meet the standard of mass housing: the kitchen area is at least 7 sq.m., separate bathrooms, hallways and corridors are equipped with built-in wardrobes and mezzanines. The ceiling height is 2.6 m, the rooms in two-room apartments are isolated, in three-room apartments they are adjacent and isolated, there are balconies and loggias. There are 4 apartments on the site. These houses usually have 2 and 3 room apartments. The area of ​​the kitchens is from 7.5 to 10 m². In two-room apartments, the rooms are isolated. There is an elevator, garbage chute, loggia or balcony. The peculiarity of the “gray panel” layouts is that they do not have four-room apartments; one-room apartments are extremely rare. 3-room apartments of 4 types:

o Standard: 1 Isolir + 2 tram + balcony + loggia (S 62/43/7.5)

o Non-standard: 1 Isolir + 2 tram + balcony + loggia (S 70/48/9.5) B Chinese wall at the junctions of houses.

o Corner with balcony: 1 Isolir + 2 tram + balcony (S 57/38/9.5)

o Corner: 1 Isolated + 2 adjacent + 2 loggias (S 57/38/7.5)

Layout typical floor:

Two-roomed flat:

Three bedroom apartment:

Layout of extreme entrances:

Episode 85– nine-ten-story buildings, often lined facade tiles. In these houses there are mainly 2 and 3 room apartments, with a smaller percentage of 1 and 4 room apartments.

Features of the 85 series are small apartment areas. 2-room total area 54 sq.m., living area 29-30 sq.m., kitchen from 7.5 to 8 sq.m., convenient layout - kitchen in the middle, between two rooms, large loggia, square hallway. In three-room apartments the layout is unsuccessful due to the long narrow corridor and narrow elongated kitchen with an area of ​​8-11 sq.m. and a small living area - 38-39 sq.m. (one of the rooms is very small, 9 sq.m.) with a total area of ​​up to 65 sq.m.

Layouts:

Two-roomed flat:

Three bedroom apartment:

Episode 97- 5, 10 or 16 storey buildings whose construction began in Perm in the late 80s. Houses of this type are most widespread in residential areas (Parkovy, Sadovy, Dekbristov Avenue). The construction of houses in this series continues to this day.

One-room apartment:

Two-roomed flat:

Three bedroom apartment:

Sixteen-story buildings:

Series E-600.

Houses of the E-600 series (600th series) in the city of Perm have been built from the early 90s of the 20th century to the present. Despite the fact that these are panel houses, they have a number of advantages over the panel houses of previous series, a more convenient layout, increased noise and heat insulation. Houses in this series can be from 5 to 16 floors, but the most common are 10-story houses.

Houses in this series have many different layouts; below are the most common ones in Perm.

Typical floor plans:

The customer and her teenage daughter have been living in this Brezhnevka apartment for many years, and the need for repairs has been brewing for a long time.

My daughter had outgrown her nursery, and the floors and walls needed updating.

And the decisive moment came: the owner decided to get rid of the pink wallpaper and old “red” furniture.

The walls in this linear two-room apartment are load-bearing, so the redevelopment affected only the wet areas: the bathroom and toilet were made into a single room. Otherwise, the rooms have retained their functionality - children's and parents' bedrooms. There was and is not a separate living room in the apartment: the owner prefers to meet with friends in a cafe, and one or two guests can be accommodated in the kitchen without any problems.

HALLWAY BEFORE

As a result of the renovation, the hallway became white instead of light purple.

The shoe rack was made to order, the mirror was bought at a sale, and a composition of golden frames was invented to decorate the empty wall. A washing machine and several shelves were placed in a niche next to the front door - it turned out to be a mini-laundry room.

In the kitchen, we got rid of both the old furniture and decoration. New interior lighter, although the set is made in black tones. This effect was achieved using light finishing. One of the walls, as the owner wanted, is decorated with brick tiles.

According to the designer, brick is practical, because next to it there is a dining table and chairs that are constantly in contact with the surface. Even if cracks and scratches appear on the brick over time, this will not spoil the impression of the finish.
The corner set is made according to the author's drawings. The facades are decorated with tinted oak veneer. Mezzanine cabinets are made small kitchen more spacious: they are convenient for storing things that are rarely used.

A compact oven with a microwave function is a godsend for a small kitchen: you can heat soup and bake pies in it, and its low height allows you to place a spacious drawer underneath.

The dining group is accented by a painting of a tea party from Alice in Wonderland. This is the customer’s favorite fairy tale, and the plot is suitable for the kitchen. The owner found the painting in last moment and insisted that this particular work adorn the wall. Initially, a different poster was selected for this zone.

DAUGHTER'S ROOM BEFORE

The room next to the kitchen is the children's room. And the adjacent partition here is also decorated with brick: the unity of decoration creates the effect of a structural wall. From a green room with pink accents, the nursery became white, with furniture in a rich wood tone: this scenario is much more suitable for a teenager.

BEDROOM

Often on the real estate market there are small apartments in a panel house or a studio, looking at which the question arises: “How to live in such a room?” Do not underestimate the potential of a Khrushchev building with an area of ​​40-60 sq.m. in an old house. Small tricks will help you create a beautiful and modern design of a 2-room apartment.

Flaws

In a small two-room apartment with an area of ​​40 sq. m., located in a panel house, has a number of disadvantages:

• Narrow corridor leaves no room for furniture. Not a single design project can correct the layout standards of 2-room premises.

• Combining a bathroom- saves space, but does not always have a good effect on the comfort of residents.

• The kitchen should always have a separate work area. It does not matter whether the interior of a 1-room or two-room apartment with an area of ​​40-60 sq.m. is being developed.

• “Stalin”, “Khrushchev” and “Brezhnev” buildings have low ceilings. A thoughtful design project will help correct this shortcoming.

Redevelopment

Redevelopment is always carried out after a detailed analysis of the premises, as well as taking into account the residents’ ideas about comfort.

• Each family member must be allocated a personal space in a small two-room apartment in a panel house. If the area of ​​the room does not exceed 40-60 sq.m., then the personal area should be highlighted with furniture, curtains or other devices.

• First, choose the style of the room, then they develop a design project and think through the interior of the Khrushchev building.

• Before developing a design project, you need to consider technical capabilities living space in a panel house. The age of the building, the location of walls, windows and doors - all this affects the redevelopment plan.

Stalinka

The layout of a two-room “Stalinka” apartment is distinguished by non-standard rooms, high ceilings and the absence of load-bearing walls. This allows you to develop various projects. You can, for example, turn a two-room apartment into a 3-room apartment. But usually a design project is thought out with the aim of increasing the area. Therefore, most often from a room with an area of ​​40-60 sq.m. a studio is being made. To do this, the kitchen area is connected to the room or the hall is combined with the corridor.

Khrushchevka

Khrushchev buildings are characterized by a small square footage, low ceilings, a combined bathroom and walk-through rooms. Therefore, the interior of a room with an area of ​​40-60 sq.m. is thought out in such a way as to correct planning errors. To begin with, doorways are moved to the corners of the load-bearing walls. If the room is designed for two residents, then it is made into a studio. The area of ​​the bathroom is increased due to the corridor.

If a large family will live in a 2-room Khrushchev house, then part of the passage room should be separated and the corridor enlarged. If the location of the bathroom allows, you can move the walls apart.

Brezhnevka

In 2-room “brezhnevkas”, with an area of ​​40-60 sq.m., there are more conditions for creating a modern design: kitchens up to 8 meters, large rooms, separate bathrooms. The main disadvantage of such a room is the large load on the load-bearing walls. Not only can they not be demolished, but the passage cannot be moved. Therefore, the redevelopment design project comes down to combining a bathroom, a hall and a dining room. Next, an interior is thought out that would visually increase the size of the rooms.

The premises of modern buildings rarely need redevelopment. They are built large with isolated rooms. Very often there are loggias that can be combined with the living room.

The secret to success in any art is to think through the details. Therefore, the design of 2-room residential premises is developed taking into account the personal preferences of the owners.

You can decorate all living spaces in the same style or in different, even contrasting and incompatible ones. The first option is used if all rooms are isolated and connected only by a corridor. For apartments with a semi-studio layout, in which the kitchen area is combined with the living room and corridor into a single space, it is better to use two different styles. In the residential area, emphasis should be placed on large and free space, and use it in the bedroom soft styles creating a comfortable environment.

Zoning of premises

Functional zoning will help you arrange any room as conveniently as possible. Its essence lies in the logical arrangement of several work areas in one area.

Kitchen-living room. The most common method of zoning, in which there is a dinner Zone. In relation to the kitchen, in a remote corner you can arrange an office or library. An example of this design is shown in the photo below.

Living room-office. To design such zoning, it is better to use a dividing screen or partition. An example of this design is shown in the photo below.

Bedroom-office. The only way to combine these rooms is to install a compact bed that can be hidden in a closet. A double bed, as a large piece of furniture, occupies all available space. The interior of such a room is thought out in such a way as to highlight a small work area with a screen.

Living room (bedroom)-wardrobe. This element complements any recreation area. A closet located in the far part of the room or dividing the room into zones can act as a dressing room.

Color design

Each style has its own palette. When arranging a small room, the main emphasis should be on increasing the space. For this purpose, the interior is thought out in light shades, with translucent textiles, mirrors and glossy surfaces. In studios you can use textured materials, drapery and massive furniture.

Cool palettes help to make a space appear larger but create a formal and presentable look. Therefore, they are complemented with ethnic decor in bright colors.

Memo

When thinking through the interior of a small room in a panel house, you need to take into account the following details:

• Furniture in a 2-room Khrushchev house should be installed small-sized, modular: coffee table, which, if necessary, will turn into a dining table, a folding bed, a corner wardrobe.

• To add functionality or decorate a one- or two-room apartment, you can use ceilings. For example, you can install an LCD TV above the bed in the bedroom.

• If a two-room Khrushchev house with an area of ​​60 sq.m. has a balcony, it should be attached to the living area.

If possible, it is worth developing a design project for 2-room or small spaces in the house together with specialists.

Video gallery

“People are like people. They love money, but this has always been the case... ordinary people... in general, they resemble the old ones... the housing problem only spoiled them...” (M. Bulgakov, “The Master and Margarita”).

At the end of the 50s of the last century, the relocation of city residents from communal apartments to separate apartments began, which today are contemptuously called “Khrushchevka”. Yes, quality large area(their kitchens are within 6 m²) and they are no different in terms of convenience, but it must be recalled that at one time it was a breakthrough. After all, the norm per Moscow resident was 4 m² of space; people huddled in communal apartments with a shared kitchen and bathroom. It is worth re-watching the film “Pokrovsky Gate”, in which the characters discuss in one of the scenes their upcoming move to new (separate!) apartments.

The first line for the production of such houses was purchased in France. By the way, all the largest countries built similar residential buildings. In the USSR, they stopped building houses of this type only with the start of perestroika in 1985, having managed to build almost 300 million m² by that time.

Here are several layouts of “Khrushchev” buildings (interestingly, our people came up with an unofficial name for each):

This apartment layout, nicknamed the “book”, has a total area of ​​41 m², adjacent rooms and is considered one of the most unfortunate.

The layout is nicknamed "tram". The total area of ​​the apartment is 48 m², the rooms are adjacent, but during redevelopment they can be divided quite painlessly.

The layout of the apartment with a total area of ​​44.6 m² earned its nickname (“mini-improved”) because it practically replicates the layout of 9-story buildings. The designers have already made some conclusions. The rooms are isolated, but the size of the kitchen is confusing. However, when remodeling, the kitchen can be expanded to 8 m²

This layout of an apartment with a total area of ​​46 m² is quite rare. Nicknamed the “vest” or “butterfly”, the wings of which resemble two identical symmetrically located rooms. Both have a decent area and are isolated. The problem with this layout is the inability to expand the kitchen area without invading one of the rooms. Expanding the kitchen by combining a bathroom is a rather controversial decision, because the resulting minimal additional space is not worth the cost of redevelopment.

Redevelopment of the Khrushchev building. Where to start?

From a legal educational perspective. You should not think that, being the owner of a home, the owner has the right to do whatever he wants with this home. The law imposes responsibility on homeowners, which is enshrined in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

Very important! The Housing Code defines the redevelopment and reconstruction of residential premises. The first term is a change in the configuration of the living space. By law, all changes must be made to the technical passport of the apartment. The second is installation, replacement or transfer utility networks, sanitary, electrical and other equipment. And also with changes to the technical passport of the residential premises. In the best case (for you), when selling or exchanging an apartment, you will still have to make changes to the registration certificate. You can “run into” a fine and an order to return everything to its original form. The list of possible troubles during unauthorized redevelopment does not end with this, and the consequences for the homeowner can be much more dire.

The procedure for obtaining permission for redevelopment is the subject of a separate article. If your plans do not include the demolition of load-bearing structures and the relocation of the kitchen to the place of the living room, obtaining permission is not very difficult. The undoubted advantage of “Khrushchev” is that interior walls they are mostly non-load-bearing and, after obtaining permission, they can be demolished, new doorways can be created, etc. This significantly expands the possibilities for redevelopment of such apartments. Such actions relate to the so-called simple redevelopment, they are easier to coordinate and to obtain permission there is no need to develop a project; it is enough to apply the planned changes to the floor plan received from the BTI.

Options for redevelopment of a two-room Khrushchev house

The main problems of Khrushchev apartments are the small area of ​​the kitchen, bathroom, hallway, one of the rooms and low ceilings. These are the problems that apartment redevelopment is designed to solve.

The most radical option is to remove all non-load-bearing walls (except for the bathroom and bathtub) and zone one large room with various light partitions and design techniques. The result can be a very nice and comfortable studio apartment. However, this option is not suitable for every family; many need isolated rooms. In addition, according to the law, one room in the apartment must remain residential.

Options for combining a living room and kitchen or a bedroom and living room into one room deserve attention. Here everything will depend on the composition of the family and the need to allocate isolated rooms to family members.

Kitchen-living room design:

Bedroom-living room design:

In addition to the redevelopment option combining two rooms or a living room with a kitchen, you can combine a bathroom with a toilet. Here are examples of the design of a combined bathroom and the placement of plumbing fixtures:

Let's return to possible options for redevelopment of the Khrushchev building. Consider the “book” option. The main problem is the passage room.

The redevelopment made it possible to make both rooms isolated. The price is a reduction in the already small area of ​​the second room. However, many will be willing to pay this price.

With this layout, the kitchen area can only be increased by combining the kitchen with the room. There are no other options.

But if it is not possible to add a few additional square meters to the area of ​​the room, you can increase it visually. There are many techniques that will help expand a small room visually:

• The most important is color. The use of light pastel colors visually expands the room. Any bright and saturated colors will “compress” it.
• A small floral print on the wallpaper also helps to visually expand the room.
• The ceiling should be light, preferably as close in color to white as possible. You can use stretch ceilings.
• A multi-level plasterboard ceiling with additional lighting will “raise” the height of the room.
• Floor covering - light or colored in the same color scheme, which is selected for the room. Colored flooring visually “pushes” the walls and “raises” the ceiling.
• Furniture should not be the main character in the room; emphasis should not be placed on it. It’s good if the furniture is chosen to match the walls and curtains.
• Mirrors will make the room brighter - they will reflect daylight and artificial light. But it is necessary to observe moderation in their use for interior decoration.

Here are examples of small rooms that don't seem like that:

Correctly selected photo wallpapers visually enlarge the room. They “work” somewhat differently than classic design techniques:

Redevelopment of a 2-room apartment with the offensive nickname “tram” allows you to make both rooms isolated. When you look at the original plan of such an apartment, you really remember the words of the tram conductor: “Don’t stop in the aisle, go to the end of the car!”

The obvious disadvantage of this apartment layout is the impossibility of expanding the kitchen without combining it with the room. And this is not always possible.

There will be losses in space, but they are partly compensated by a spacious wardrobe, for which there is space in the space between the rooms.

The remaining area of ​​the “cut down” room after the redevelopment remains quite comfortable.

In order to visually expand the room, we use design techniques already familiar to us:

A “mini-improvement” remodel will significantly increase the kitchen area. After the redevelopment, the kitchen area will be 8 m². This is achieved by dismantling the pantry (the pantry will be successfully replaced by a modern wardrobe) and moving a bathroom in its place, the place of which, in turn, is occupied by a bathroom: