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Worldview

It was written earlier, but I think it’s still relevant now...

Several years ago, pedagogical readings were held in Kyiv. About three hundred secondary school teachers gathered. It was October 19th. Opening the meeting, I congratulated everyone on the holiday. With which? - the audience became interested. Well, of course! - I was already interested - remember: October 19 is a special day for all teachers. The audience tensed. I thought about it. And - I didn’t remember... Nobody. And this morning my old friend, who worked in a mine all his life, called me from my native Donbass town of Snezhnoye. I called to congratulate you on October 19, the opening day of the Tsarskoye Selo, but for us - and more often we say so - the Pushkin Lyceum. "Friends! Our union is wonderful!..”

Hamlet was tormented by the question: “The connecting thread has broken for days. How can I connect their fragments?!” Having lost the threads with the past, our Great Past, we will find ourselves as the same tumbleweed that the wind stupidly drives across the steppe. And there is no shelter, and there is no meaning... But if you think about it, the government, the state, consciously or unconsciously, cuts off the threads of culture, the threads of education, dooming people to an emasculated consumer life. Some of us, my miner friend, for example, still remember October 19th. What if you ask this question to students in humanities classes? Without October 19, without Pushkin, without Russian culture, of which the culture of the Little Russian lands has always been a part, we do not have a full-fledged future. So, tumbleweeds...

Last summer, my long-time dream of visiting the Pushkin Lyceum came true. Photos are from that trip. And another good text from the Internet... S.V.

The inner, closest homeland, the homeland of Pushkin’s soul, was the Lyceum, Tsarskoe Selo. He remembered them often, constantly, always. In one of his best lyric poems, “October 19” (1825), addressing his friends, he will say:

My friends, our union is wonderful!

He, like the soul, is inseparable and eternal -

Unshakable, free and carefree,

He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

Wherever fate throws us,

And happiness wherever it leads,

We are still the same: the whole world is foreign to us;

Our Fatherland is Tsarskoye Selo.

Start

Once upon a time, on the outskirts of Athens, near the temple of Apollo Lyceum, there was a school founded by the great philosopher of the past, Aristotle. It was called the Lyceum or Lyceum. On October 19, 1811, an educational institution under the same name opened in Tsarskoe Selo, near St. Petersburg. And, probably, its creators hoped that the Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum would in some way become the successor to the famous school of antiquity, of which the beautiful park architecture here in Tsarskoe Selo was reminiscent.

The author of the project to create the Lyceum, M.M. Speransky, saw in the new educational institution not only a school for training educated officials. He wanted the Lyceum to educate people capable of implementing the plans for the transformation of the Russian state.

An official from the archives of the College of Foreign Affairs, Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky, was appointed to the position of director of the Lyceum.

Teachers

Malinovsky solved not only organizational issues, he was also concerned about the teaching staff of the Lyceum. It was impossible to make a mistake in the selection of mentors: after all, the Lyceum is a special educational institution, and the emperor himself patronizes it. The director managed to make the right choice, inviting not only experienced teachers - David de Boudry, N.F. Koshansky, but also young people - Ya.I. Kartsova, A.P. Kunitsyna, I.K. Kaidanov, for whom the Lyceum becomes the work of their whole life.

The royal family was present at the celebration of the ceremonial act on the occasion of the opening of the lyceum. However, the most memorable event for Pushkin on the solemn day of October 19, 1811 was Kunitsyn’s opening speech. In his last poem, dedicated to the date of October 19, Pushkin will say about Kunitsyn’s speech:

Do you remember when the Lyceum appeared,

And the king opened the Tsaritsyn’s palace for us,

And we came. And Kunitsyn met us

Greetings among the royal guests.....

In his speech, Kunitsyn called for honoring and observing laws above all else: “When preparing to be guardians of the laws, first learn to honor it yourself; for the law, violated by its guardians, has no holiness in the eyes of the people.”

Kunitsyn ended his speech with words addressed to the lyceum students: “Do you want to mingle with a crowd of ordinary people, reptiles in the unknown and every day swallowed up by the waves of oblivion? No! May the thought of sowing your imagination not return! Love of glory and country should be your guides.”

Kunitsyn the gift of heart and wine:
He created us, he raised our flame;
They set the cornerstone,
They lit a clean lamp.

The French teacher De Boudry, Marat's brother, was of great educational importance for the lyceum students. Strict towards everyone, Baron Korf distinguishes this old man especially favorably from the ranks of his comrades. According to him, he “was one of all the mentors given to us who fully understood his calling and, as a highly practical person, most contributed to our development, not only in the knowledge of the French language.” Of all the teachers of the Lyceum, it seems that only De Boudry managed to force the students to study, and if the lyceum students allowed themselves pranks with him, they later appreciated him, giving full justice to the beneficial influence that he had on their education...

For Pushkin, the most pleasant mentor was Prof. Galich, Koshansky’s temporary deputy, was especially pleasant, perhaps because he was least of all a “mentor,” behaved more simply with his students, apparently, often stood on a friendly, comradely footing with them. Perhaps this harmed the teaching, but it brought that “humanity” into the relationship, that recognition of equality, in which the young poet felt the world of his soul safe from alien, unwanted intrusions. That is why he honored Galich not with cold, almost official praise, but with warm greetings: “my good Galich, vale!”

The first, Pushkin course, accepted 30 lyceum students. The training lasted six years and was equivalent to university education. The first three years - the so-called initial course - studied subjects in the upper grades of the gymnasium. The next three years - the final course - contained the main subjects of the three faculties of the university: verbal, moral-political and physico-mathematical.

Classes

The pupils got up at six o'clock in the morning. Classes began at seven o'clock and lasted two hours. At ten o'clock the lyceum students had breakfast and took a short walk, after which they returned to class, where they studied for another two hours. At twelve we went for a walk, after which we repeated our lessons. At two o'clock we had lunch. After lunch there are three hours of classes. In the sixth - a walk and gymnastic exercises. The students studied for a total of seven hours a day. Class hours alternated with rest and walks. Walks were taken in any weather in the Tsarskoye Selo Garden. The pupils' recreation consists of fine arts and gymnastic exercises. Among physical exercises at that time, swimming, horse riding, fencing, and in winter - skating were especially popular.

The students read a lot. “We studied little in classes, but a lot in reading and conversation with constant friction of minds,” recalled Modest Korf.

Lyceum students knew their contemporaries - Russian writers and poets - not only from their works. Illichevsky's testimony is interesting: "... until I entered the Lyceum, I did not see a single writer - but at the Lyceum I saw Dmitriev, Derzhavin, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Vasily Pushkin and Khvostov." Professor of Russian and Latin literature Nikolai Fedorovich Koshansky considered the ability to write and compose to be the basis of literary education and approved of the poetic experiments of his students. Often in class he suggested writing poems on a given topic. “How now I see that afternoon class of Koshansky,” Ivan Pushchin later recalled, “when, having finished the lecture a little earlier than the lesson hour, the professor said: “Now, gentlemen, let’s try feathers: please describe a rose to me in verse.”

From these characteristics we see that for the teachers of the Lyceum, Pushkin remained the same unsolved, not amenable to any influence, as he was when he left his father’s house.

Literary classes

One of the favorite activities of lyceum students was meetings at which everyone was obliged to tell something - fictional or read. Gradually, the stock of poems, stories, and epigrams increased and they were written down. Handwritten journals were created, and lyceum poets grew up, friendly competing with each other. And since 1814, their poetic experiments began to appear on the pages of Russian magazines.

The literary teachers of young Pushkin were not only Voltaire and other famous Frenchmen, but also even more Zhukovsky and Batyushkov.

Derzhavin also had an undoubted influence on Pushkin. Its influence was evidently manifested in the famous poem of the Lyceum era, “Memories in Tsarskoe Selo.” Pushkin himself recalled his reading of this poem at the exam ceremony in the presence of Derzhavin: “Derzhavin was very old. He was in a uniform and velvet boots. Our exam tired him very much. He sat with his head on his hand. His face was meaningless, his eyes were dull, his lips drooped; his portrait (where he is shown in a cap and robe) is very similar. He dozed off until the exam in Russian literature began. Here he perked up, his eyes sparkled; he was completely transformed. Of course, his poems were read, his poems were analyzed, his poems were constantly praised. He listened with extraordinary liveliness. Finally they called me. I read my “Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo” while standing two steps from Derzhavin. I am unable to describe the state of my soul; when I reached the verse where I mention Derzhavin’s name, my voice rang like an adolescent, and my heart began to beat with rapturous delight... I don’t remember how I finished my reading, I don’t remember where I ran away to. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded me, wanted to hug me... They looked for me, but they didn’t find me.”

Friendship

For Pushkin, the Lyceum was not only a source of dear memories, but also many things that were essentially important and decisive in his subsequent spiritual development. The Lyceum had good teachers, the basics of science were taught to students there, but even more than the teachers and the scientific information they presented, their close friendly circle served education. Its significance for Pushkin was immeasurably great. It was not without reason that after graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin celebrated each Lyceum anniversary dedicated to this date with poems. And these were poems about friendship. The lyceum, the lyceum community, were the very thing that replaced in his youth the feeling of home that was so necessary for the human soul.

It was in the Lyceum that Pushkin made real friends. Thirty people were accepted into the first course. This means that Pushkin had twenty-nine comrades.

In the future they will become famous people. Each lyceum student had a nickname, and some had more than one. Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin - “Zhano”, Wilhelm Karlovich Kuchelbecker - “Kyukhlya”, “Worm”, Pushkin himself - “Frenchman”, “Monkey”, Danzas - “Bear”, Anton Delvig - “Tosya”.

But Pushkin did not always have good relationships with his comrades. This is what Pushchin wrote in his notes: “From the very beginning, Pushkin was more irritable than many and therefore did not arouse general sympathy. He sometimes put himself in a difficult situation with inappropriate jokes and awkward barbs, and then did not know how to get out of it. This led him to new mistakes. He had a mixture of excessive courage and shyness - both were out of place, which thereby harmed him.” Proud, perky, easily flammable, but soon cooled down, always ready to judge himself as harshly as others, Pushkin, distorted by his home upbringing, and perhaps by the inclinations of heredity, was, of course, a difficult person both for others and for himself. Sometimes until late at night, when the entire Lyceum was already asleep, the young man tormented himself with memories of the failure of the day, and confided his torment to his roommate, Pushchin.

Other feelings connected Pushkin with Delvig. In his soul, Pushkin found an echo not so much of his “human” as of his “poetic” aspirations. The lazy, inactive and phlegmatic Baron Delvig lived his own life, the best decoration of which was his love of poetry.

The poet also surrounded his other comrade, also a “brother in the Muses” - Kuchelbecker, with unfailing love; this disinterested amateur in the poetic field, thanks to his boundless good nature, passed unscathed through the gauntlet of Pushkin’s witticisms and mockery, not always subtle. But still, one event led to the first duel at the lyceum - between Pushkin and Kuchelbecker.

Gogel-mogel

October 19, until his death, will remain the most memorable day in Pushkin’s life. How many pleasant memories will Pushkin have associated with the Lyceum. Well, at least the sensational story with “Gogel-Mogel”.
This is the story. A company of pupils led by Pushkin, Pushchin and Malinovsky staged a secret party. They took out a bottle of rum and eggs, poured some sugar, brought a boiling samovar, prepared the “Gogel-Mogel” drink and began to drink it. One of Tyrkov’s comrades was very drunk from rum, he began to make noise and talk loudly, which attracted the attention of the tutor on duty, and he reported to Inspector Frolov.

Pushkin refers to the story of “Gogel-Mogel” in his message to Pushchin:

Do you remember, my brother in the cup,
Like in a gratifying silence

We drowned our grief
In pure, foamy wine?
Do you remember your friends whispering
Around the glasses at nshevyh,
A glass of menacing silence,
Flame tubes gr O sewn?
Boiling, oh, how wonderful
Smoky currents flowed!
Suddenly a pedant's terrible voice
We heard it in the distance -
And the bottles are instantly broken,
And the glasses are all out the window,
Spilled all over the floor
Punch and light wine.
We run away hastily...

Love

It was at the Lyceum that Pushkin fell in love for the first time.
“The first platonic, truly poetic love was aroused in Pushkin by Bakunin,” says Komarovsky. “She often visited her brother and always came to the lyceum balls. Her lovely face, marvelous figure and charming manner created a general delight among all the youth of the Lyceum. Pushkin described her charms in the poem “To the Painter,” which was set to sheet music by Pushkin’s lyceum comrade Yakovlev and, understandably, sung until he left the institution “...

200 years since the founding of the Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo

My friends, our union is wonderful!

He, like the soul, is inseparable and eternal -

Unshakable, free and carefree,

He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

Wherever fate throws us

And happiness wherever it leads,

We are still the same: the whole world is foreign to us;

Our Fatherland is Tsarskoye Selo.

A. S. Pushkin.

In October 1811 in Tsarskoe Selo by decree of Alexander I, the first one was opened in our Fatherland lyceum. This became a landmark event for all enlightened people of that time, because in the creation of this highest educational institution ideas for the future reformation of Russia were laid down.

The initiator of its discovery was Count M. M. Speransky, member of the State Council, actual state councilor. The Lyceum was to become one of the links in the plan of radical reforms he developed, which were based on the limitation of autocracy by elected bodies and the gradual abolition of serfdom. To implement the plan, widely educated officials were required, convinced of the need for reforms. The humane nature of the pedagogical ideas of young professors, focused on respect for the individuality of students, the encouragement of honor and camaraderie among lyceum students - all this created a special atmosphere, a special - lyceum! - spirit. In addition to advanced ideas, lyceum students They acquired an aversion to servility and servile veneration, independence of judgment and action.

The students of the lyceum, according to M. M. Speransky, were to occupy prominent government positions in the future. Moreover, they came from poor noble families in order to be independent from large, powerful clans.

In many ways, this is what happened, in any case, the first set fully met these plans. Among the first graduates were: the founder of modern Russian literature Alexander Pushkin; Foreign Minister, Chancellor Alexander Gorchakov; Privy Councilor, Senator Alexander Karnilov; Member of the State Council Modest Korf; Privy Councilor, Russian Ambassador to Brazil Sergei Lomonosov; Advisor to the Moscow Commission for the Construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior Dmitry Maslov; Admiral, Senator Fyodor Matyushkin; Vyborg Governor, Privy Councilor Friedrich Stephen; poet and publisher Anton Delvig; Decembrists Ivan Pushchin And Wilhelm Kuchelbecker…

Of course, the thought involuntarily comes to mind that if such an educational institution was opened not by the emperor, but on a private initiative somewhere in the province, then even with the best teachers, it is unlikely that the lyceum graduates would be able to achieve great heights, especially in the public service. On the other hand, nothing is known about any guardianship from the authorities during their later lives and careers. Probably, the lyceum graduates were given the first opportunity, “led onto the road,” and then they walked along it with the dignity inherent in their personal qualities.

However, the good will of the lyceum management and the highest professionalism of the teachers were of great importance, as former graduates themselves later noted. Thus, the first director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was V. F. Malinovsky, a graduate of Moscow University, diplomat, writer, author of one of the first projects for the abolition of serfdom. He was a supporter of the industrial and cultural development of Russia, the state reforms of M. M. Speransky. On August 20, Vasily Malinovsky opened the “Memorable Book of the Lyceum”, making the first entry. He thought that it was necessary to “open the mind in children” through the study of various subjects, that even a walk after studying should become an example of “how rest after work is pleasant - how boredom is in idleness,” and “having opened the mind, to teach to the difference between good and evil, and so that they do not do or speak without reasoning..."

Vasily Fedorovich died in 1814, so the first graduates graduated from the lyceum under the new director, who became Yegor Antonovich Engelhardt. He wholeheartedly accepted Malinovsky’s highly humane motto “common benefit,” which carried the concept of the purpose of a person whose life goal should be the desire to bring benefit by serving the Fatherland and the people. Engelhardt said: “... until a person dies, he must constantly have in mind the great goal - to promote the common good.”

E. A. Engelhardt’s parting words to the students of Pushkin’s graduation were as follows: “Go, friends, to your new field!.. Keep the truth, sacrifice everything for it; It is not death that is terrible, but dishonor; It is not wealth, not ranks, not ribbons that honor a person, but a good name, keep it, keep a clear conscience, that is your honor. Go, friends, remember us..."

It is interesting that Engelhardt attached particular importance to the development of goodwill, warmth towards each other, all those feelings that come not from a cold mind, but from the heart; he called these qualities “feelings of the heart.” In one of his letters, he wrote that the greatest thing one can wish for the “lyceum” is to preserve the “feeling of the heart,” for “... the heart contains all the dignity of a person: it is the sanctuary, the keeper of all our virtues, which a cold, calculating head knows only by name and theory."

And indeed, a very cordial, warm brotherhood developed between the first students of the lyceum, so strong in spirit that they even passed away in pairs. Silverius Broglio died in Greece, fighting against the Turkish yoke in 1820, in the same year Nikolai Korsakov died in Italy. Pushkin and his Lyceum rival in poetic creativity Alexei Illichevsky died in 1837. Gold medalists Vladimir Volkhovsky and Alexander Gorchakov in 1941... There are 8 couples in total, that is, 16 out of 29 people.

The first graduates of the lyceum also always remembered their teachers with gratitude and love. The most respected among them were Nikolai Koshansky and Alexander Kunitsin.

Doctor of Philosophy and Liberal Arts N. F. Koshansky was a professor of Russian and Latin literature at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. The youngest of the Lyceum professors in age, he, however, was the only one of the Lyceum teachers who had an academic degree. Being a man of progressive views, he, of course, played a huge role in the development of students, especially their literary knowledge and talents. So, for example, Ivan Pushchin said: “How I now see Koshansky’s afternoon class, when, having finished the lecture a little earlier than the lesson hour, the professor said: “Now, gentlemen, let’s try feathers!” Please describe the rose to me in verse.” Our poems didn’t go well at all, and Pushkin instantly read two quatrains that delighted us all... Koshansky took the manuscript to himself..."

Associate Professor A.P. Kunitsin taught moral and political sciences at the Lyceum. He completed his education in Heidelberg, was one of the best teachers of his time - an independent legal theorist. In the draft of the poem “October 19,” written by Pushkin in 1825 in honor of the anniversary of the Lyceum, there are lines dedicated to Kunitsin, lines of recognition of his high merits:

Kunitsyn tribute to heart and wine!

He created us, he raised our flame,

They set the cornerstone,

They lit a clean lamp...

In the final edition of the text, the poet removed these lines, probably for fear of offending other teachers or belittling their merits.

In Irkutsk, a significant date did not go unnoticed - an evening dedicated to this event was held at the Museum of the Decembrists. In the living room of Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, candles were burning and music was playing. The famous Irkutsk pianist Yuri Isaev played the unique Lichtental grand piano (1931), which belonged to M. N. Volkonsky. Vocalist Galina Grigorieva performed famous romances written to poems by Pushkin, Delvig, Kuchelbecker, Yakovlev. Thus, Pushkin’s lyceum friend Mikhail Yakovlev wrote three romances based on his poems, two of which – “Elegy” and “Winter Evening” – were performed for the guests of the memorable meeting. The program also included romances by Sheremetyev (“I loved you”) and Glinka (“Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me”) based on poems by Pushkin. Works by F. P. Schubert, W. A. ​​Mozart, J. S. Bach, A. E. Varlamov, S. V. Rachmaninov were performed.

Of course, this evening could not have happened without poetry and prose dedicated to the lyceum (A. Pushkin, A. Delvig, Yu. Tynyanov, excerpts from I. Pushchin’s letters). The works were performed by the master of artistic expression Alexander Chernyshev and students of the Irkutsk Theater School Roman Bryansky and Vadim Parygin.

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Extracurricular event “Our Union is Beautiful”

(A.S. Pushkin and his lyceum friends)

On October 19, 1811, in Tsarskoe Selo near St. Petersburg, thirty boys sat down at their desks and became classmates. In six years, twenty-nine young men will study and receive certificates.

A class as a class, boys as boys, who will become poets and ministers, officers and “state criminals”, rural homebodies and restless travelers... In childhood and adolescence they read stories and legends about Greek and Roman heroes, but they themselves, even during their lifetime, soon after death they become a legend, a legend...

My friends, our union is wonderful!

He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal -

Unshakable, free and carefree,

He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

Wherever fate throws us,

And happiness wherever it leads,

We are still the same: the whole world is foreign to us,

Our Fatherland is Tsarskoye Selo.

We talked in detail about life in the Lyceum in literature lessons, and today we will learn about how the fates of the closest friends of the great poet developed, how Lyceum anniversaries were celebrated and, most importantly, we will try together to understand what Lyceum friendship is, which is not here they simply appreciate, but, one might say, idolize, put in first place among the first, much higher than career, luck, even love...

So, 1817, the final exams in Tsarskoe Selo passed, director Engelgart put cast iron rings on the fingers of his students as a sign of eternal memory of the years spent within the walls of the lyceum, and they, in turn, swore an oath to each other that the last lyceum student would celebrate alone October 19... The farewell lyceum song “Six Years”, written by Pushkin’s closest friend Anton Delvig, was performed:

Six years flew by like a dream,

In the arms of sweet silence,

And the calling of the fatherland

It thunders to us: go sons!

Goodbye brothers! Hand in hand!

Let's hug one last time!

Fate for eternal separation,

Perhaps she has made us related!

And these are the lines of lyceum student Alexander Pushkin in farewell to the Lyceum:

The years of imprisonment have flown by

Not long, peaceful friends,

We can see shelter of solitude

And Tsarskoye Selo fields.

Separation awaits us at the doorstep,

The distant noise is calling us,

And everyone looks at the road

With the excitement of proud young thoughts.

In addition, lyceum students wrote farewell dedications to each other in albums; Pushkin left many tender lines to his lyceum brothers, for example, Prince Gorchakov, foreseeing the brilliance and ascension of the future diplomat, the favorite of the virgins:

They have come, your golden years,

The fire of love is a lovely time.

Hurry up to love and, happy yesterday,

Today, be happy again carefully,

Cupid orders - and tomorrow, if possible,

Crown the beauty with myrtles again...

About how many tears, I foresee you are the culprit!

Treasonous friend and flighty lover,

Be faithful to everyone - captivate and captivate...

The most sincere dedication, as always, to Big Jeannot (that’s what the lyceum students called Ivan Pushchin):

Someday looking at this secret piece of paper,

Once written by me,

Fly away to the Lyceum corner for a while

An omnipotent sweet dream.

Do you remember the quick minutes of the first days,

Peaceful bondage, six years of union,

Sorrows, joys, dreams of your soul,

The quarrels of friendship and the sweetness of reconciliation -

What happened and will not happen again...

And with quiet tears of melancholy

Do you remember your first love?

My friend, she passed... but with her first friends

Your union was not concluded by a playful dream,

Before terrible times, before terrible destinies,

Oh, darling, he is eternal!

Before a terrible time, before terrible destinies:he had a presentiment of a lot, this eighteen-year-old student guessed, although he could not know that at that moment he clearly saw and heard the future - the 1820s and 1830s that had not yet begun.

October 19, 1825, two months before the Decembrist uprising.Pushkin was exiled to his Mikhailovskoye estate near Pskov under police supervision for his free-thinking poetry. On October 19, a cheerful company gathers on the banks of the Neva, drinking to the health of those who are absent. Lyceum students decide to celebrate silver friendship in the 27th year, and gold friendship twenty years later. The golden date will be October 19, 1837 - without Pushkin.

The anniversaries are still far away, but there are already lyceums that will never come...

He didn’t come, our curly-haired singer,

With fire in the eyes, with a sweet-voiced guitar:

Under the myrtles of beautiful Italy

He sleeps quietly, and a friendly chisel

Didn’t inscribe it over the Russian grave

A few words in the native language,

So that you never find hello sad

Son of the north, wandering in a foreign land.

Nikolai Korsakov, editor of lyceum magazines, musician, cheerful and dear friend, managed to fade away from consumption in beautiful Florence. “An hour before his death,” said Engelhart, “he composed the following inscription for his monument, and when he was told that they would not be able to carve Russian letters in Florence, he himself drew it in large letters and ordered it to be copied on stone:

Passer-by, hurry to your native country!

Oh! It's sad to die far from friends...

The poet himself had two lyceum days in 1825. The first is January 11: on this day, at about eight in the morning, breaking through the snow, forests, prohibitions of danger, Ivan Pushchin in a sleigh, with the thunder of bells, “broke” into the uncleaned Mikhailovsky yard. Pushchin will write in his memoirs: “I look around: I see Pushkin on the porch, barefoot, in only a shirt, with his hands raised up. There is no need to say what was happening in me then. Jumping out of the sleigh, I take him in my arms and drag him into the room. It is terribly cold outside, but at other times a person does not catch a cold. We look at each other, kiss, remain silent!”

The poet's house is disgraced,

Oh my Pushchin, you were the first to visit,

You sweetened the sad day of exile

On the day of his lyceum you turned...

The poet will write about this meeting, and of course, the poem “My first friend, my priceless friend,” which the Decembrist Pushchin received already in Siberian penal servitude.

Prince Gorchakov also visits the disgraced poet, despite numerous warnings “don’t meet: Pushkin is under surveillance!...” A diplomat’s career worries him, but honor, but freedom of soul and action is more important!

You, Gorchakov, have been lucky from the first days,

Praise be to you - fortune shines cold

Didn't change your free soul:

You are still the same for honor and friends,

We are assigned different paths by strict fate,

Stepping into life, we quickly parted ways,

But by chance on a country road

We met and hugged brotherly!

Pushkin hopes with all his heart that in a year he will be feasting among the lyceum students:………………………feast, oh friends!

I anticipate a pleasant meeting,

Remember the poet's prediction:

A year will fly by, and I will be with you again,

The covenant of my dreams will come true:

A year will fly by and I will come to you!

Oh how many tears and how many exclamations,

And how many cups raised to heaven!

The prediction will come true and will not come true... It’s only a year, but during this year December 14th will strike, and on Senate Square, in the ranks of the rebels there are two lyceum students - Ivan Pushchin and Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. Kuchelbecker tries to escape. They have been looking for him for several days, many people think that he died, perhaps disappeared under the Neva ice broken by buckshot? But it soon becomes known that Küchlya was captured in Warsaw and then taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress. Gorchakov came to Pushchin, who was awaiting arrest, the next day. The prince is a dandy, a careerist, but he will not lose his honor, he will not exchange his “free soul.” Gorchakov brought the Decembrist a foreign passport and begged him to go abroad immediately. Pushchin did not agree to go: he considered flight shameful and believed that he must share the fate of his comrades in the secret society, no matter how difficult it was.

In a day silver friendshipOn October 19, 1827, in the apartment of lyceum student Yakovlev, Pushkin wrote:

God help you, my friends,

In the worries of life, royal service,

And at feasts of riotous friendship,

And in the sweet sacraments of love!

God help you, my friends,

And in storms and in everyday grief,

In a foreign land, in a deserted sea,

And in the dark abysses of the earth!

The Decembrists were “in the dark abysses of the earth.” “On this anniversary, in the circle of comrades and friends, Pushkin remembered me and Wilhelm, buried alive, whom they did not count at the lyceum meeting,” the Decembrist Ivan Pushchin writes in his memoirs. He would spend thirty-one years in prison and exile in Siberia, returning to Moscow in December 1856, 19 years after Pushkin’s death. Their meeting in Mikhailovsky was the last meeting of friends, No. 13 and No. 14...

The service of the muses does not tolerate fuss,

The beautiful must be majestic:

But youth advises us slyly,

And noisy dreams make us happy...

Let's come to our senses - but it's too late! And sadly

We look back, not seeing any traces there.

Tell me, Wilhelm, is this not what happened to us?

My brother, by muse, by destiny?

The poet dedicated these heartfelt lines to the Decembrist Kuchelbecker, who would spend ten years in solitary confinement in the Shlisselburg fortress and many years in hard labor in Siberia.

In the 1830s, not a single anniversary passed without a friendly gathering - over the years, “the Lyceum celebrates more often.”

Six places abolished are standing

We will never see six friends again,

They are scattered sleeping

Who is here, who is there on the battlefield,

Some are at home, some are strangers in the land,

Who is ill, who is sad

Brought into the darkness of the damp earth,

And we cried over everyone.

This was written for Lyceum Day in 1831. Six dead friends... The most terrible loss for Pushkin Anton Delvig. The editor of the Literary Newspaper, started according to Pushkin’s thoughts and the creator of the famous almanac “Northern Flowers,” he steadfastly waged an unequal struggle against the authorities that were strangling the free press. One day he was summoned to the chief of gendarmes Benkendrf, who shouted at the poet, threatened Delvig, addressing him on a first name basis, and promised to send him to Siberia along with Pushkin and Vyazemsky. Delvig was not afraid, but fell into apathy; literary struggle, poetry, journalism - all of this suddenly seemed unnecessary and hopeless. In a moment of despair, Delvig essentially had no one to turn to. Pushkin was in Moscow at that time.

“No one in the world was closer to me than Delvig. Without him, we were all orphans...” - Pushkin will write. And, of course, poems:

And there seems to be a line behind me,

My dear Delvig is calling me,

A living comrade of youth,

Comrade of sad youth,

Companion to the songs of the young

Feasts and pure thoughts,

There, to the land of shadows of relatives,

A genius that has escaped us forever...

In these lines, grieving for the early departed friend of his youth, he predicts his own fate: he will become the seventh lyceum student to leave...

In 1836, lyceum students celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Lyceum. Of the 23 living, eleven people are present. At first glance, everyone is doing well, but in conversations at the Lyceum anniversary it suddenly turns out that the service is not going very well, and family life is not going well, and death is coming... Isn’t that what the unfinished Lyceum poem at the last Lyceum meeting for Pushkin is about? October 19, 1836:

It was time: our holiday is young

He shone, made noise and was crowned with roses,

And the clinking of glasses mixed with the songs,

And we sat close together in a crowd.

Then, careless ignoramuses at heart,

We all lived easier and bolder,

We drank everything to the health of hope

And youth and all its undertakings.

Now it’s not like that: our riotous holiday

With the arrival of years, we went crazy,

He calmed down, calmed down, settled down,

The ringing of his health bowls became muffled,

Speech between us doesn't flow so playfully

More spacious, sadder we sit,

And less often laughter is heard among the songs,

And more often we sigh and remain silent.

A little more about this last meeting of friends for the poet: “The above-mentioned gentlemen of the Lyceum gathered in the house of director Engelgart and feasted as follows: 1) they dined deliciously and noisily, 2) they drank three health drinks: for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Lyceum, for the prosperity of the Lyceum, for the health of those who were absent, 3) they remembered the old days of the Lyceum 4) they sang national songs.” They also said that Pushkin broke down, tears came and he could not finish reading: And it seems like there’s a line behind me

My dear Delvig calls me...

In 16 days the duel story will begin, and in one hundred and two days Pushkin will die...

“Having agreed with Pushkin to meet at Wolf’s confectionery, Danzas went to make the necessary preparations. Having hired a pair of sleighs, he stopped at Kurakin's weapons store for pistols that had already been selected by Pushkin in advance; these pistols were completely similar to d'Archiac's pistols. Having put them in the sleigh, Danzas came to Wolf, where Pushkin was already waiting for him. It was about 4 o'clock." These lines were written by Danzas himself, speaking about himself in the third person. Lyceum friend Kostya Danzas has to be Pushkin’s second, and the rules of honor do not allow him to refuse, but he would like to. His heart sank at the thought that in a few minutes, perhaps, Pushkin would no longer be alive. Thus began the road to the Black River, from which a lyceum friend would bring the mortally wounded poet. Pushkin’s last request was that his second (duels at that time were already under the strictest ban), his lyceum friend Konstantin Danzas, not be punished - “after all, he is my brother.” “What a pity that now neither Pushchin nor Malinovsky are here,” said the dying Pushkin to Danzas - in the last minutes of his life he missed his lyceum friends...

The story about the Pushkin Lyceum and its students, which lasted more than a quarter of a century, is over...

Which of us needs the Lyceum Day in our old age?

Will you have to celebrate alone?

Unhappy friend! Among new generations

A bothersome guest, superfluous and alien,

He will remember us and the days of connections,

Closing my eyes with a trembling hand...

Let it be with sad joy

Then he will spend this day at the cup,

Like now I, your disgraced recluse,

He spent it without grief and worries.

Pushkin did not know to whom he was dedicating the last lines of “October 19,” but his closest friend Prince Gorchakov, the only one of the lyceum students, found out.

The prince deserved the last reward - ten more lines from Pushkin. Foreign Minister Gorchakov spent not one, but many days - 1880, 81, and so on until February 28, 1883. Those days when he was the last lyceum student graduating from Pushkin.

So, thirty boys: together, in total, they lived for about one and a half thousand years.

Including less than thirty-eight of Pushkin’s: less than “one percent.”

These 38 are the basis, the foundation of the history of one and a half thousand lyceum “man-years”... But how, without them, without the rest, would a far from best student develop into a top poet? Without their friendship, would Pushkin have become Pushkin? Without their jokes, praise, ridicule, letters, help, memory? And they are without him, without his thoughts, lines, gaiety, sadness, without that immortality that he so generously shared with them.

The forest drops its crimson robe,
Frost will silver the withered field,
The day will appear as if involuntarily
And it will disappear beyond the edge of the surrounding mountains.
Burn, fireplace, in my deserted cell;
And you, wine, are a friend of the autumn cold,
Pour a gratifying hangover into my chest,
A momentary oblivion of bitter torment.

I am sad: there is no friend with me,
With whom would I drink away the long separation,
Who could I shake hands with from the heart?
And wish you many happy years.
I drink alone; imagination in vain
Around me my comrades are calling;
The familiar approach is not heard,
And my soul does not wait for a sweetheart.

I drink alone, and on the banks of the Neva
Today my friends call me...
But how many of you feast there too?
Who else are you missing?
Who changed the captivating habit?
Who has been drawn away from you by the cold light?
Whose voice fell silent at the fraternal roll call?
Who didn't come? Who is missing between you?

He didn’t come, our curly-haired singer,
With fire in the eyes, with a sweet-voiced guitar:
Under the myrtles of beautiful Italy
He sleeps quietly, and a friendly chisel
Didn’t inscribe it over the Russian grave
A few words in the native language,
So that you never find hello sad
Son of the north, wandering in a foreign land.

Are you sitting with your friends?
Restless lover of foreign skies?
Or again you are passing through the sultry tropic
And the eternal ice of the midnight seas?
Happy journey!.. From the Lyceum threshold
You stepped onto the ship jokingly,
And from then on, your road is in the seas,
O beloved child of waves and storms!

You saved in a wandering fate
Wonderful years, original morals:
Lyceum noise, lyceum fun
Among the stormy waves you dreamed;
You stretched out your hand to us from across the sea,
You carried us alone in your young soul
And he repeated: “For a long separation
A secret fate, perhaps, has condemned us!”

My friends, our union is wonderful!
He, like the soul, is inseparable and eternal -
Unshakable, free and carefree,
He grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.
Wherever fate throws us
And happiness wherever it leads,
We are still the same: the whole world is foreign to us;
Our Fatherland is Tsarskoye Selo.

From end to end we are pursued by thunderstorms,
Entangled in the nets of a harsh fate,
I tremblingly enter the bosom of new friendship,
The charter, the caressing head...
With my sad and rebellious prayer,
With the trusting hope of the first years,
He gave himself up to some friends with a tender soul;
But their greeting was bitter and unbrotherly.

And now here, in this forgotten wilderness,
In the abode of desert blizzards and cold,
A sweet consolation was prepared for me:
Three of you, my soul's friends,
I hugged here. The poet's house is disgraced,
Oh my Pushchin, you were the first to visit;
You sweetened the sad day of exile,
You turned it into the day of the Lyceum.

You, Gorchakov, have been lucky from the first days,
Praise be to you - fortune shines cold
Didn't change your free soul:
You are still the same for honor and friends.
Strict fate has assigned us different paths;
Stepping into life, we quickly parted ways:
But by chance on a country road
We met and hugged brotherly.

When the wrath of fate befell me,
A stranger to everyone, like a homeless orphan,
Under the storm, I drooped my languid head
And I was waiting for you, prophet of the Permesian maidens,
And you came, inspired son of laziness,
Oh my Delvig: your voice awakened
The heat of the heart, lulled for so long,
And I cheerfully blessed fate.

From infancy the spirit of songs burned in us,
And we experienced wonderful excitement;
From infancy two muses flew to us,
And our destiny was sweet with their caress:
But I already loved applause,
You, proud one, sang for the muses and for the soul;
I spent my gift, like life, without attention,
You raised your genius in silence.

The service of the muses does not tolerate fuss;
The beautiful must be majestic:
But youth advises us slyly,
And noisy dreams make us happy...
Let's come to our senses - but it's too late! and sadly
We look back, not seeing any traces there.
Tell me, Wilhelm, is that not what happened to us?
Is my brother related by muse, by destiny?

It's time, it's time! our mental anguish
The world is not worth it; Let's leave the misconceptions behind!
Let's hide life under the shadow of solitude!
I'm waiting for you, my belated friend -
Come; by the fire of a magical story
Revive heartfelt legends;
Let's talk about the stormy days of the Caucasus,
About Schiller, about fame, about love.

It's time for me... feast, oh friends!
I anticipate a pleasant meeting;
Remember the poet's prediction:
A year will fly by, and I will be with you again,
The covenant of my dreams will come true;
A year will fly by and I will appear to you!
Oh, how many tears and how many exclamations,
And how many cups raised to heaven!

And the first one is complete, friends, complete!
And all the way to the bottom in honor of our union!
Bless, jubilant muse,
Bless: long live the Lyceum!
To the mentors who guarded our youth,
To all honor, both dead and alive,
Raising a grateful cup to my lips,
Without remembering evil, we will reward goodness.

Fuller, fuller! and, with my heart on fire,
Again, drink to the bottom, drink to the drop!
But for whom? oh others, guess...
Hurray, our king! So! Let's drink to the king.
He is a human! they are ruled by the moment.
He is a slave to rumors, doubts and passions;
Let us forgive him his wrongful persecution:
He took Paris, he founded the Lyceum.

Feast while we're still here!
Alas, our circle is thinning hour by hour;
Some are sleeping in a coffin, some are orphans in the distance;
Fate is watching, we are withering; the days are flying;
Invisibly bowing and growing cold,
We are nearing the beginning...
Which of us needs the Lyceum Day in our old age?
Will you have to celebrate alone?

Unhappy friend! among new generations
The annoying guest is both superfluous and alien,
He will remember us and the days of connections,
Closing my eyes with a trembling hand...
Let it be with sad joy
Then he will spend this day at the cup,
Like now I, your disgraced recluse,
He spent it without grief and worries.