Waste paper recycling. Paper and cardboard recycling plant, waste paper production

As you know, one resident of a big city throws out about 300 kg of various garbage per year. Of these, about 40%, i.e. 120 kg are waste paper - paper waste suitable for further processing. Many have known since childhood that 1 centner of waste paper saves 1 adult tree, and 1 ton replaces 4 cubic meters of wood.

Recycling of waste paper today is not only a very profitable, but also a very respected occupation, which automatically elevates the opened enterprise to the rank of socially responsible, which, in turn, gives the novice entrepreneur considerable bonuses in the form of honor from ordinary citizens and everything (including including financial) encouragement of the authorities.

Waste paper is divided into 3 types or categories (in accordance with GOST 10700-97):

Group "A" - high quality (e.g. white paper waste for writing and printing and paper bags or sacks)

Group "B" - medium quality (all printed products except newspapers, cardboard, etc.)

Group "B" - poor quality (newspapers, colored or impregnated cardboard, etc.).

With proper processing, about 3/4 of the used paper ends up in the secondary circulation. In our country, this figure is still very low - 12%.

The specifics of the work of the plant for the processing of waste paper

Before opening a mini-factory for the processing of waste paper, the issue of its supply with raw materials should first be resolved: the productivity of an average mini-factory is up to 10 tons of waste paper per day.

There are several sources of waste paper procurement: reception from the population or from industrial, commercial and administrative enterprises and institutions.

At the same time, the acceptance price ranges from 500 to 1,500 rubles per ton of waste paper of group "B", except for cardboard, and from 500 to 1,000 rubles per ton of cardboard.

Of course, the minimum of the indicated amounts is intended to calculate the cost of waste paper exported at the expense of the processing organization, and the maximum - if the seller delivers it to the place of processing himself.

The best option for acquiring a production line (a set for processing raw materials and manufacturing finished products) is to purchase a finished mini-factory (disassembled) from Chinese manufacturers.

For example, the Harbin equipment plant "SEAIDE SHEBEI" sells a complete set for 15.6 million yuan (71.6 million rubles). This factory produces writing paper (10 tons per day).

But there are also cheaper options: for example, a line for the production of cardboard costs 5.4 million yuan (about 24.8 million rubles), and produces twice as much (20 tons per day) of cardboard or packaging paper.

The first mini-factory for recycling waste paper requires 24 service personnel (8 people, 3 shifts), the second - 15-20 (5-7 people, 3 shifts). The specifics of production is such that the machines must work continuously.

The process of making paper from recycled paper

The process itself is as follows. Waste paper is loaded into special tanks with water, where it is soaked and mixed to a state of more or less homogeneous clod or large pieces.

Then these pieces of paper are crushed with a vibrating screen and rubbing. At the next stage, metal (paper clips, etc.) and other impurities are removed from the resulting homogeneous mixture - dirt formed from dust, sand, insoluble glue particles, printing ink, fats, organic residues, dyes, etc.

After all the above procedures, excess water is pumped out, and the remaining amorphous mass is called pulp.

The pulp is fed to the paper machine. Two special mesh drums scoop it up, and the resulting fraction settles on the mesh. Then it is given the desired thickness and leveled over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future sheet.

The resulting tape enters the sintering drum where it finally dries, sticks together into a homogeneous mass and turns directly into paper.

As mentioned above, the main problem is the supply of raw materials to the factory. In Russia, unfortunately, the culture of recycling solid household waste, and even more so their separate disposal, has not yet reached European, or, for example, Japanese indicators.

Many organizations often just throw away recycled paper instead of recycling it. Therefore, most likely, it will also be necessary to maintain a staff of procurers and assemblers of raw materials (and this is no less than 6 people on 3 small trucks or pickups, in addition to about two dozen people working in the shop).

In this scenario, the wage fund, counting 15-20 thousand rubles. per person per month ranges from 315 to 600 thousand rubles.

How profitable is the production of paper from recycled paper?

The average world price per ton of writing paper is $760, $850 is the price of a ton of cardboard. In rubles, this turns out to be approximately 22.3 thousand rubles, respectively. and 24.9 thousand rubles. But this is in foreign markets.

Domestic producers offer writing paper at a price of 780 to 1100 dollars per ton (22.8 - 32.2 thousand rubles), and cardboard - from 18.5 to 26.5 thousand rubles. per ton.

Thus, even considering the minimum selling price, the maximum labor costs, and the purchased raw materials at the highest price, the profit is equal to more than 5.5 million rubles. per month (for paper) and 9.6 million rubles. (for cardboard).

Even if we subtract utility bills (and the production of paper from waste paper is a water- and energy-intensive process), which are "in a circle", that is, very approximately and with a huge margin equal to 75% of the profit, we get, respectively, 1.4 and 2.4 million net profit (real figures will be even higher). Thus, the payback of equipment in the first case will be a little more than 4 years, and in the second - less than a year.

Manufacture of napkins and toilet paper from waste paper

If you are not ready for such large investments, it is not scary. A waste paper recycling business can be opened and much cheaper, for example, starting with the production of toilet paper or napkins.

All that is needed for this is a pulp making machine costing 1.6-6.7 million rubles. (depending on the tonnage of loading - from 1 to 30 tons) and the actual line for the production of napkin (toilet paper), which can be purchased for 16 million rubles.

About 9 - 9.5 thousand rolls of ready-to-use toilet paper are obtained from 1 ton of raw materials.

Thus, the cost of one ton of finished products (taking into account the cost of raw materials, the cost of personnel wages and the cost of electricity and water is from 8 to 11 thousand rubles, and the cost of a standard 120-gram roll (taking into account the cost of a cardboard sleeve, glue and label) - about 2-3 rubles.Taking the minimum production figure - 9 thousand rolls per day and considering the month equal to 24 working days, we get a total production of 216 thousand rolls.

For the purity of calculations, we use the cost of 3 rubles per 1 roll - gross costs, thus, are equal to 648 thousand rubles.

With a minimum margin of only 20% (i.e., a selling price of 3 rubles 60 kopecks), we get a net monthly profit of about 130 thousand rubles. True, the payback period for such equipment is quite long: more than 11 years.

As you can see, this technology is not very profitable to use as the main one, but as an additional one it is quite.

Waste paper recycling video

There is probably not a single house where a mountain of old magazines and newspapers has not accumulated. The abundance of a large amount of paper waste makes the collection and processing of secondary raw materials a rather profitable activity. On the territory of our country, this is a rather profitable business, which allows you to export your own products to other countries.

What waste paper can be recycled

If all the necessary technologies and devices are available, then any paper product can be recycled. Some types of paper are slightly easier to recycle than others. So, plain newspapers are much easier to recycle than paper with glue residue (for example, for notes).

Paper types that are easy to recycle:

• newspapers and magazines;
• copy paper;
• writing paper;
• brochures, leaflets and advertising booklets;
• paper envelopes (but without polyethylene and plastic inserts);
• cardboard;
• thick paper.

These types of papers are less likely to be taken for recycling, as they require large investments:

• sheets for notes (requires a device that removes adhesive from the surface);
• wrapping paper (if it is not decorated with bows, sequins and other decor);
• shredded raw materials. Such waste paper is less likely to be processed, since small particles can disable the recycling machine.

The following types of paper products can be accepted for the production of handmade paper:

• clean toilet paper;
• clean napkins and paper towels.

And such raw materials are not recyclable:

• candy wrappers;
• dirty and wet paper;
• food boxes (pizza, noodles);
• carbon paper;
• paper cups;
• used toilet paper, tissues and towels.

Stages of production in processing

The production of paper from recycled materials consists of several stages. The quality of the finished product depends on their correct implementation. Stages of recycling of secondary raw materials:

• collection of waste paper;
• sorting of secondary paper raw materials;
• proper processing of paper raw materials.

As a rule, an intermediate company is engaged in the collection of waste paper. She receives waste paper from the population or finds warehouses with a large amount of raw materials. The same company carries out primary processing of paper products (pressing and packaging), after which it ships raw materials to companies involved in the processing of waste paper.

Sorting of waste paper is made by types of paper products. It is sorted according to GOST 10700-97. The sorting process is carried out manually by the employees of the enterprise. Unfortunately, mechanization of the process is a complex and costly undertaking. Sorting machines need to be "taught" to distinguish between product categories. And it's quite difficult to do so.

Recycling of waste paper is carried out in factories or mini-factories. There are several types of processing. All of them are carried out in several stages in order to obtain high-quality products at the end.

All paper products are divided into 3 categories. Depending on them, the value of the fiber is determined:

• Category "A". This is high quality paper. This includes school notebooks, books, paper bags and white writing paper;
• Category "B". Medium quality. This includes cardboard and printing products (magazines, leaflets, brochures, booklets, labels);
• Category "B". Poor quality recycled fiber. These are newspapers, colored cardboard, cardboard packaging.

Paper products are sorted into these categories, and then sent for further processing. The premises in which waste paper is sorted must comply with safety regulations. This is due to the fire hazard of paper products.

Sorting facilities must meet the following requirements:

• be adequately lit and with a good ventilation system;
• fire extinguishers and containers with sand must be present in the premises;
• premises must be supplied with water.

Partial processing of paper products is to obtain pulp. Pulp is a foamy mass consisting of crushed and bleached waste paper particles. Pulp production is carried out in several stages:

• the resulting waste paper is crushed in special devices to the state of small particles;
• paper raw materials are soaked in special containers (tanks);
• after a while, the finished raw material is bleached;
• further it is disinfected;
• the finished mass is whipped into foam using foaming agents.

The resulting foamy mass is a finished raw material. It is supplied to factories for the production of paper products from recycled materials. If we consider pulp production as a business, then such raw materials will cost a little more than simple collection and sorting of waste paper. And you can organize the process of obtaining the pulp at home. With a pulp and paper mill close by, this home production will pay for itself in just a few months.

Complete recycling of waste paper

Recycling of secondary raw materials in factories and factories is a labor-intensive process consisting of many stages. The complexity of the process increases with the quality of the raw materials obtained - the higher it is, the more difficult the technology for obtaining finished products. For example, blank writing paper is more difficult to obtain than wrapping paper.

If the goal of the business is to obtain finished products, then it is better to start with simpler processes. Experts advise starting with the production of napkins or toilet paper.

The full cycle of waste paper recycling is a serious production that requires the investment of effort and finances. But its payback is quite high, which allows you to get a net profit in a few years. To organize production, you will need:

• find a suitable premises for production facilities;
• purchase the necessary equipment;
• hire staff to work;
• find companies supplying pressed waste paper or finished pulp;
• provide a distribution channel for finished raw materials.

With a serious approach to business, it is necessary to study all the rules and safety standards, organize an acceptable work and rest regime for workers, and settle all official paper issues with the state. This is the only way to achieve efficient, safe and cost-effective production.

What are the stages of complete recycling of secondary raw materials? The paper material is exposed to the following:

• Primary defibration.
• Cleaning the fibers from dirt and foreign objects.
• Secondary defibration.
• Fine cleaning in a sorting device, and then in a thermodispersion device. Purpose: removal of solid contaminants, fats, oil residues and films;
• Additional processing. Goal: get rid of dyes;
• Cleaning paper raw materials from bacteria and odor.

Primary defibration

Target: dissolve the glue that holds the cellulose fibers together. This is done in special units - hydropulpers. In them, shredded waste paper is mixed with water. The unit rotates the mass according to the principle of a washing machine. The fibers are separated from the adhesive and turned into pulp, ready for further use.

Ready pulp can be used immediately. It is used to make egg trays or low-grade cardboard. If the manufacturer has a different goal, then the mass is sent for further purification.

Cleaning the fibers from dirt and foreign objects

More modern models of pulpers are equipped with special traps that clean the raw material from threads, paper clips, and polyethylene. Target: clean the pulp as efficiently as possible so as not to spend money on post-treatment.

Secondary defibration

The principle is the same as in the first stage. But in this case, other units are used: entshtippers, pulse mills and turboseparators. Target: prevent grinding of foreign inclusions and dirt. If the purpose of production is low-quality cardboard, then this stage is carried out in the same unit with the first.

After all stages, the pulp is ready for further paper production.

Required processing equipment

To start a processing business and open your own enterprise, you need to purchase equipment. For complete recycling of waste paper, you need:

• pulper (with or without catcher);
• vortex cleaner;
• vibrating sieve;
• overflow boxes;
• turboseparators;
• Entstippers;
• fiberizers;
• pulse mills;
• sorting device;
• thermodispersion device;
• devices for mechanical, thermal and chemical impact on the purified cellulose mass. Used for its discoloration and quality improvement;
• machines for forming finished sheets of cardboard or paper.

The benefits of waste paper recycling

Recycling paper that has been used is not only profitable, but also important for the environment. Recycling waste paper is always more useful than making new paper products. There are several reasons for this:

• consumption of large amounts of electricity in the production of new paper. Recycled waste paper significantly saves this energy consumption;
• deforestation.
• environmental pollution by products of paper production. During its production, toxic substances are released: toluene, formaldehyde and others. All of them pollute and poison water and soil.

Recycling waste paper reduces environmental pollution by 50-70%.

Despite the fact that the world is moving towards information technology and computerization, the consumption of paper products is growing every year. A huge number of trees are cut down for the needs of the population. And by increasing the production of recycling of recycled paper raw materials, green spaces can be saved.

Environmental protection organizations have been struggling for several years to motivate governments to recycle waste paper. This business is profitable and will pay off quickly enough. And the environment will not suffer. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to this industry, and benefit not only yourself, but also the world around.

The primary raw material for the production of paper and cardboard is wood. Hectares of forests are cut down so that all of us are provided with a sufficient number of notebooks, albums, books, magazines, newspapers and much more. Humanity is cutting down forests faster than they can grow. People have forgotten that trees are a source of oxygen. You can live without paper, but not without air.

Paper recycling is a way to reduce deforestation. By not throwing waste paper away, but handing it over to collection points, you are acting as a conscious consumer who takes care of his home - planet Earth.

Waste paper - what is it?

Waste paper refers to waste paper. Waste paper products can be new or used. Anything made from pressed and dried pulp is included in the group. These are not only books, newspapers, magazines and similar items, but also paper sleeves and sleeves, packaging cardboard, injection molds consisting of cellulose mass, etc.

Important: Cellulose is a substance that does not dissolve in water and is the main component of the cell membranes of plants growing on the ground.

GOST: separation of waste paper into 3 groups

To determine the quality of paper delivered for recycling, GOST divided the waste into 3 groups:

1. A is high quality material. It is pure cellulose without impurities such as ink, latex, polyethylene, glue and other contaminants. The group includes uncoated cardboard, paper for drawing and writing.
2. B - medium quality material. This includes what cannot be classified in group A, but is of a sufficiently high quality - stationery scrap, books, corrugated board, etc.
3. B - low quality material. These are posters, paper bags, covers, colored laminated cardboard, newspapers, etc.

All types of waste paper are also divided into brands. There are 13 varieties in total. The first is marked MS-1A, the last - MS-13V. The cost of waste depends on the labeling. Any paper products can be made from quality products, therefore they are valued higher.

The least pay at the point of reception of raw materials for unsorted waste paper. Some factories are willing to pay only for raw materials of a certain quality. Before you go to donate pulp, check to see if the point you have chosen accepts what you intend to donate.

About waste and hazard classes

In Russia, there are a large number of landfills occupying vast territories. Every citizen or business pays to have the waste they create land in a landfill.

An assessment of the environmental situation in the country is carried out annually. In accordance with the result obtained, waste management standards are formed. In 2020, exceeding the limit on the amount of garbage thrown out requires an additional fee. If you take out scrap to unauthorized dumps, when you catch a violator of the law, he will face impressive penalties.

Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the processing of paper and cardboard is beneficial to everyone - the state, companies, ordinary citizens.

The threat of waste to the environment is determined by the FKKO - the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste. The responsibilities of the FCC include:

• determination of norms and procedures for disposal;
• waste disposal fees.

Waste paper is assigned to the 5th hazard class. This is the lowest class. Everything that is included in the group is not dangerous for the environment. To work with cellulose, you do not need to issue a license. This makes the paper business attractive.

Important: Handing over 100 kg of waste paper, you save one tree.

What is made from waste paper?

The scope of secondary cellulose is constantly expanding due to the emergence of new technologies and materials on the market. To date, the material is made from:

• fabrics for tailoring;
• writing paper;
• Construction Materials;
• printing products;
• newspapers;
• fuel briquettes and pellets;
• paper towels, napkins, toilet paper;
• sound and heat insulating materials;
• cardboard for the production of containers and boxes;
• disposable tableware;
• kraft paper;
• toilet paper;
• ecowool.

About recycling methods

The process of recycling waste paper into paper, cardboard and other materials is divided into stages. The purpose of the stages and their number depend on 2 factors:

• what type of waste paper is recycled;
• what will be produced from recyclable material.

Conventionally, the process is divided into 2 major stages:

1st stage

The first step is to do the following:

• sorting paper waste;
• grinding of material;
• primary dissolution;
• purification from impurities.

Paper waste is broken down into recyclable fragments. Their size is 1-5 cm. The process is carried out automatically using mills and crushers. Suitable devices for crushing various materials, from plastic to wood.

This process is expedient when it comes to large volumes of raw materials. When small volumes of material are processed, pulpers equipped with a vertical rotor are used to grind products.

At the 1st stage, raw materials suitable for the production of egg packaging and cardboard are obtained.

If the crushing procedure is excluded, a large amount of energy will be expended due to the difficulty of converting large fragments into a liquid solution.

2nd stage

To obtain raw materials from which it will be possible to obtain high-grade paper, the second stage is launched, which includes:

• secondary dissolution;
• fine cleaning;
• additional processing.

The first two points are the same for all types of processed materials and products.

In the process of additional processing, along with mechanical action, chemical reagents are also used. The composition of the latter directly depends on what kind of waste paper is processed, and on what the final product will be.

When the 2nd stage is completed, the output is a clean slurry for the production of paper of various types.

Waste paper sorting process

The paper recycling procedure will not be of high quality if the waste accepted by the population and enterprises is not divided by type. Each category of paper corresponds to a certain technology of cleaning and transformation into cellulose.

The sorting criteria are:

• humidity;
• degree of pollution;
• length of cellulose fibers;
• Colour.

In the Russian Federation, according to GOST 10700-97, all waste paper is divided into 3 categories:

1. Production scrap - unbleached sulphate and white uncoated paper. The group also includes non-moisture resistant paper bags.
2. Printing without binding. The category also includes brown and black paper, corrugated cardboard.
3. Cardboard, paper and newspapers impregnated.

The process of sorting waste paper is not automated. People cope with the task of separating waste most qualitatively. Scientists do not leave attempts to create "smart" equipment that can distinguish between different types of paper, but the existing developments are unable to make the process high-quality and efficient.

Primary defibration process

The fibers of the extracted cellulose are bonded with glue. At this stage, the fibers of the raw material are released and the adhesive is dissolved.

The material is processed in this way:

1. Put in a hydropulper.
2. Add water to the container
3. Start the mixing process.

Under the action of water during mixing, the cellulose swells, as a result, the fibers break and the adhesive separates. Waste paper mass is divided into fractions, which simplifies its cleaning from dirt. The output is a pulp, from which they are made:

• egg packaging;
• soft fillers;
• low grade cardboard.

The pulp may be subject to further purification and processing.

Impurity purification process

In modern models of pulpers, traps are installed that can separate from waste paper:

• sand;
• ropes;
• films;
• paperclips.

The more traps, the better the product will be. With thorough cleaning, no additional cleaning is required, which will save energy.

Contaminants that slip past the traps fall into a special dirt collector located at the bottom of the device.

The slurry cleared of dirt moves through the channel into a vibrating sieve for additional cleaning. The sieve eliminates everything that was not caught by previous devices. Next, the liquid material enters the overflow box. Everything that is not waste paper settles at its bottom,

From the resulting suspension can be produced:

• roofing materials;
• high quality cardboard.

Raw materials can also be sent for further processing.

Secondary defibration procedure

Pulsation mills, enshtippers, fiberizers and turboseparators are used for secondary dissolution. The principle of dissolution is similar to the primary process.

Endtippers, fiberizers and turboseparators are pulpers equipped with specially shaped rotors depending on the following factors:

• how concentrated the suspension is;
• what is the volume of the bath;
• what is the performance of the unit;
• what is the depth of dissolution.

With the help of devices it is possible to obtain a suspension of medium and low quality.

The stator and rotor of the pulsation mill are disks of a complicated shape. Thanks to the swirls they create, a high-quality suspension is obtained from waste paper.

During the secondary dissolution process, the extraction of dirt continues.

Fine cleaning process

Several fine cleaning methods are used. Each of them complements other methods, since using only one of the methods it is impossible to make high-quality waste paper cleaning.

The cleaning process, called fine, takes place in 2 successive stages:

• use of a sorting device;
• the use of a thermodispersion unit.

Cleaning with various devices

Additional purification will be required to improve the quality of the pulp.

Let's take a look at how this process works.

sorting device

The sorting unit is intended for:

• additional purification of the pulp from solid and heavy contaminants;
• separation of the mass depending on the size of the fibers.

The equipment is a vibrating sieve equipped with small cells. The pulp is passed through the apparatus, and then subjected to another cleaning.

Thermal dispersion unit

The thermodispersion device is designed to isolate from the many times purified pulp:

• films;
• fats;
• oil derivatives;
• resins.

The temperature rises inside the unit. As a result, the pulp is separated into water-insoluble and water-soluble elements. The first go to the garbage bin.

Paper of average quality is made from the final product.

Important: Contaminants released during the cleaning process are either recycled or disposed of in accordance with Russian legislation.

Waste paper post-treatment process

Waste paper to improve the quality of the composition can be subjected to further processing. This makes it possible to improve its paper-forming characteristics and exclude coloring substances from the composition.

Depending on what is planned to be made from waste paper, wood pulp can be added to the composition. This will improve the quality of the product.

Due to the appreciable length of the wood pulp, the short fibers of the material are bound.

To discolor the mass, apply:

• chem. reagents;
• warming up;
• mechanical impact.

This processing step allows you to improve all the characteristics of the paper.

How is laminated cardboard recycled?

There are more and more wastes such as laminated cardboard every year. This group includes Tetra Pak and Pure Pak - containers for a huge number of products - milk, juices, etc.

Apply complex processing of cardboard. The result is:

• polyaluminum;
• secondary polyethylene;
• high quality cellulose.

The processing of laminated cardboard in Russia is poorly developed due to the fact that the material is difficult to separate into elements.

How is waste paper recycled at home?

Without special equipment, it will not be possible to recycle paper at home. The only thing that can be obtained from waste paper is homemade paper. This method is used by handmakers and designers:

1. Waste paper is taken and torn or cut into small pieces.
2. The mass is placed in a blender, water is added there. The contents of the blender are crushed to form a slurry.
3. The mass is filtered, leveled and put under pressure.

Dried material, rough and dense, suitable for making crafts.

Equipment required for waste paper recycling

Finding the equipment you need for paper recycling is easy. The industry offers a wide range of devices. The main ones are:

• separate devices designed to perform only one of the operations described above;
• combined devices capable of performing 2 or more operations;
• plants designed to implement the entire technological chain.

It is advisable to install the last option in a minimized version with a daily flow of waste paper of 3-5 tons. With a flow of 10-15 tons, separate units should be purchased. A large plant will be relevant when the daily collection of paper exceeds 15 tons.

Individual devices

There is a wide range of individual paper recycling units on the market. Here are some of them:

Plants with a full cycle

Also on the market are ready-made plants that carry out a full cycle of processing. The cost of such equipment varies from 50,000.00 to 450,000.00 USD and depends on the performance, configuration and final product.

The situation in the Russian Federation and the world

In European countries and the United States of America, up to 60% of waste paper is recycled annually. This indicator is increasing.

Developed countries buy waste paper for recycling in Asian countries.

In Russia, only 18% of all paper waste is subject to recycling, which negatively affects both the environment and the country's economy.

Conclusion

The processing market is growing, but not as fast as the environmental situation requires. Russian businessmen are ready to recycle waste paper. But we have not created enough comfortable conditions for the development of such a business in our country. One of the obstacles is the irresponsible attitude of the authorities and the population towards waste disposal.

The BUMVTOR company has been exporting and processing paper and other waste paper in Moscow for many years. During this time, we have established ourselves as reliable partners and responsible performers. With the help of innovative technologies, we dispose of any recyclable materials without any harm to nature!

Waste paper recycling is an economical paper recovery process. Moreover, cellulose can be utilized up to 4-5 times, which significantly reduces deforestation. It is known that 1 ton of waste paper saves about 4 m3 of wood, and the bulk (up to 75%) of raw materials goes to the manufacture of cardboard and toilet paper.

Industrial production has a significant impact on the environment, as a lot of highly toxic substances are released as a result of technological processes, but the processing of waste paper requires much less chemical bleaches and energy. Almost all paper waste can be given a "second life", but it is the processing of office paper that allows you to get high-quality products.

In total, waste paper is divided into three groups:

High quality writing paper.

Medium - cardboard and all printing (except newspapers).

The lowest - newspapers and impregnated cardboard.

Recyclable materials of the following types can be easily recycled:

• booklets,
• office paper for copiers,
• brochures,
• regular envelopes,
• writing paper.

Requires additional stages of recycling waste paper:

• envelopes with plastic windows (they should be removed beforehand);
• note paper (requires additional adhesive removal equipment);
• shredded paper that can jam the mechanism.

Service cost

Company transport

Our prices for waste paper recycling in Moscow may vary and depend on several conditions:

• Brand, grade and type of raw material.
• Volumes - one-time or under the contract. For large volumes of supplied paper, special conditions for cooperation are possible.
• Packing (pressed or loose).
• Humidity and degree of pollution.
• Delivery method.
• Form of payment (cash or non-cash).

Waste paper recycling stages

The paper recycling process at our enterprise is carried out in stages:

1. Sorting. Allowing you to get raw materials of the highest quality, mixing with primary ones from lower categories (with glue, film and dirt).

2. Dissolution. During which the waste paper rotates in special pulpers to the state of a liquid fibrous suspension.

3. Purification of impurities in the mixer.Heavy foreign particles (sand, paper clips) during the processing of waste paper settle in the dirt collector, and lighter particles are passed through a large-mesh sieve to remove undissolved old cellulose.

4. Fine cleaning.Through a fine and slow-acting sieve, the mass is re-dissolved with the help of foam and air. At the same time, all the smallest particles of glue are removed - the most harmful substance that destroys equipment.

Waste paper recycling: Paper and cardboard production


Waste paper recycling stages.

Organization of the work of a mini plant for the processing of waste paper

Waste paper recycling equipment video.
Partial processing of raw materials.
Paper making.
Difficulties in recycling waste paper?
Waste paper pressing.

Line for the production of cardboard packaging.
Mini plant-line for the production of toilet paper.
Mini line-machine for the production of napkins.

Waste paper recycling:Paper and board production

Waste paper is waste of cardboard and paper products with an expired period of validity. The collection of waste paper is mainly carried out by industrial, commercial and administrative enterprises and institutions. In addition, it can be collected and handed over by the population. The organization of centralized collections includes work in the following areas: the acquisition by a specialized enterprise of a small volume from an assembler; sale by the same enterprise of large quantities to a paper mill. When performing work on the collection and processing, special equipment is currently involved.

Waste paper is estimated to account for approximately 22% of all municipal solid waste from the residential sector and approximately 58% of the volume of commercial sector waste. The main part of raw materials is consumed by enterprises producing cardboard, paper and soft roofing materials. All factories use wet manufacturing technology.
The compositional composition of paper and cardboard determines the purpose of the products for recycling. Approximately seventy varieties of paper and cardboard products produced in Russia are made from waste paper.

The world's paper and paperboard industry consumes more than fifty-two and a half percent of the raw materials needed for recycled paper. Leadership in achieving this indicator belongs to the Asian region.

Secondary raw materials are distributed on a global scale, depending on how well thought out and developed foreign trade relations are. Approximately sixty-five percent of imports belong to China, Indonesia, India, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan.

The percentage of the use of waste paper in the manufacture of secondary products is:
- newsprint - 12%;
- container board and paper for corrugated products - 29%;
- box-shaped cardboard - 19%.
According to some forecasts, in the next ten years, there will be an increase in demand for the use of waste paper by one and a half million tons compared to supply.

At the end of 2008, the total volume of waste paper amounted to 5.3 million tons. A slight increase in this indicator compared to the previous period amounted to slightly more than three percent. In 2008, the leadership in the formation of waste paper belonged to the Central and Volga federal districts, with the formation of 1390.75 and 1130.98 thousand tons, respectively.

The third and fourth positions belong to the Southern Federal District with a volume of 856.42 thousand tons, and the Siberian Federal District with a volume of 732.13 thousand tons. The last place was taken by the Far Eastern Federal District with a volume of 242.42 thousand tons.
Fifteen regions of the Russian Federation have more than one hundred thousand tons of generated waste paper. Leadership belongs to Moscow and the Moscow region.

In 2008, paper waste was collected in the amount of 1864.9 thousand tons, the recycling rate was 652.7 thousand tons. Taking into account the average cost of waste, which is 5 thousand rubles per ton of products, the processing of waste paper into the final product determined the figure of 3.3 billion rubles.
Waste paper supplies were made, with certain volumes in percentage and weight terms, from the following groups of suppliers:
- industrial enterprises (50-55%, 932.5 - 1025.7 thousand tons);
- trade enterprises (40-45%, 746.0 - 839.2 thousand tons);
- population (1%, 18.6 thousand tons).
Waste paper was used for the manufacture of the following types of products:
- toilet paper and cardboard (489.5 thousand tons);
- roofing materials (130.5 thousand tons);
- ecowool, tuberous pads, etc. (32.6 thousand tons).

Today, Russia has 76 industrial enterprises that use waste paper as the main or additional raw material. Basically, processing industries are concentrated in the Central, North-Western and Volga federal districts.

According to the results of 2009, imports of waste paper raw materials amounted to more than 2,752 tons. Exceeding the level of 2009 for this indicator was 47.6%. Deliveries were made for a total amount of 14.3 million rubles, excluding VAT and customs duties, with an average contract value of 5194.13 rubles/ton. According to the results of 2009, the indicators of export of waste paper mass exceeded the indicators of import by more than 90 times.

The reduction in the volume of deliveries, when compared with the data for 2008, occurred by 6.2%. The value of the total value of export sales is 1117.99 million rubles, excluding VAT, with an average contract value of 4470.51 rubles/ton.

Indicators of the average price of delivered waste paper are in the range of 2500-6000 rubles / t. The cheapest waste paper (approximately 800 RUR\tn) consists of mixed assorted paper. The most expensive (about 8,000 rubles \ tn) is waste paper, which is formed by pure white paper.

Organization of reception and export of collected waste paper.

At the beginning of the work, a search is made for an object with an accumulation of a large amount of paper waste and their volumes are determined, after which a schedule for removal is drawn up. At the next stages, a contract for the provision of export services is drawn up, the acceptance of waste paper is organized with the provision of weighing and export. The intermediate processing of secondary raw materials is carried out by the collection company. After pressing and packaging, the waste paper is shipped and taken out to the consumer.

Before the delivery of waste paper, the organization provides for it to be tied up and stored at the site for export. At the same time, it is the responsibility of the organization to separate paper waste from other types of recyclables. Prior to removal, the organization stores secondary raw materials on its site or in a warehouse.

Transport for export is provided by the manufacturer of waste paper. Loading and transportation is carried out by the delivering organization. At the procurement enterprise, waste paper is subject to acceptance, registration and weighing, after which it is processed in a workshop designed for this. Primary processing includes sorting, crushing, pressing and removal of noticed impurities. After re-weighing, waste paper is stored in the finished product warehouse. During the subsequent export and acceptance, which is carried out by the consumer plant, the manufacturer performs the loading with his own equipment.

The constant increase in demand for cardboard products makes it possible to use 80% of waste paper for the production of cardboard. In the manufacture of cardboard, fillers (polymers or paint, chalk) are added, the mass is pressed and pressed. These products are used as book bindings. When using waste paper, a number of environmental problems are solved, numerous new and useful things are made. The process of admission and export can be organized in schools, with the involvement of the population, etc. The price of handed over waste paper is influenced by humidity and cleanliness. Processing is carried out taking into account the group of delivered paper. With the limited capacity of the supplier, slowing down the export, the cost may increase due to the order of additional vehicles, which adversely affects the fulfillment of contractual obligations.

Waste paper recycling stages.

Processing of secondary raw materials is carried out in stages:
1. Sorting process
Paper waste is sorted into categories for white office paper and lesser quality types. It is possible to make adhesive tape and polyethylene from low quality paper. For recycled cardboard, thermomechanical processing is mandatory to exclude the possibility of equipment breakdown.
2. Dissolution operation
Sorting is followed by crushing and soaking of recyclables with a rotating screw in a mixer until a liquid pulp is obtained.
3. Passing through a sieve
The use of a sieve allows you to clean the liquid pulp from debris and undissolved paper parts.
4. Mixing in the mixer
The mixing of the fibrous mass takes place in a rotating drum until a sediment of foreign particles forms at the bottom.
5. Use of coarse sieve
The use of a sieve eliminates plastic, adhesive tape and glue from the mass passed through it.
6. Application of foam, air, molding process
The resulting mass is processed using foam and air and passed through the cells of a fine sieve. Forming is carried out on a grid using special rollers.
7. Using a fine mesh sieve
Next, the resulting web is dried, soaked and the sieve and mixer are re-activated. Paint and glue are thus removed from the raw material.
8. Processing in a centrifuge
The centrifuge ensures the separation of raw materials based on density. In the upper part there is an accumulation of fibers, the density of which is less.
9. Flotation process
The supply of atomized compressed air ensures complete cleaning and readiness of raw materials for use. During the flotation process, particles of pollutants (paint, glue) are removed or pumped out.

Organization of the work of a mini plant for the processing of waste paper.

Planning for the opening of a mini-factory processing waste paper requires a preliminary solution to the issue related to the supply of raw materials. Daily output data for an average mini mill is typically up to 10 tons per day.
Sources of supplied raw materials can be: population; industrial, commercial and administrative enterprises and institutions. The cost at which waste paper is accepted is in the range of 500-1500 rubles/ton for waste paper belonging to group "B", with the exception of cardboard waste, as well as 500-1000 rubles/ton for cardboard. The minimum and maximum values ​​​​of the cost depend on who is the carrier of the secondary raw materials to the place of processing.
The purchase of a ready-made mini-factory (in disassembled form) of Chinese manufacture is the best option for organizing processing production today.

Collection and supply of raw materials for mini-production.

There is no need to engage in the construction of the whole complex. It is enough to collect the contents of containers for waste paper no more than once a week, pressing and sending to the address of the paper mill. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the quality of waste paper intended for a particular plant.

Due to the fact that raw materials differ in quality, there is a distribution into groups:
- Group A is represented by high quality raw materials, ideally - office waste;
- Group B with an average quality of waste paper consisting of blank cardboard, books, magazines, booklets, with the exception of newsprint;
- Group B with low quality newspapers and colored cardboard.

Video - Waste paper recycling equipment:

Partial processing of raw materials.
Partial processing of secondary raw materials allows only the grinding of waste, due to which pulp is produced. The paper is soaked in water, in bulk containers, bleached, disinfected, after which it is produced without excess liquid. The use of the resulting foam, or pulp, is possible as a feedstock for large enterprises.
Equipping tanks and reservoirs in which the liquid is to be stored, electrical equipment and agitators will help in organizing the production of profitably sold pulp.

Paper making.
The final product - paper is made on the basis of waste paper. The level of production corresponds to the quality of paper products. The initial stage of production may be characterized by the manufacture of napkins or toilet paper. This production is simple in contrast to the manufacture of higher quality products. Production equipment is usually placed in one shipping container.

Difficulties in recycling waste paper?
Each business is accompanied by certain difficulties, including the processing of waste paper. Therefore, when organizing production, it is necessary to take into account some points.
1. Search for a suitable site for production purposes, corresponding to the level of fire safety and sanitation standards.
2. The need to purchase handling vehicles to move large volumes of waste paper, as well as high-cost productive presses.
3. Do not use three- and four-fold processing of secondary raw materials, since you can incur losses associated with a decrease in the quality of the product.

In the event that a business plan is drawn up and implemented correctly, tangible profits can be expected in the future. Within a month, you can earn up to 5.5 million rubles in the production of paper, as well as up to 9.6 million rubles in the manufacture of cardboard products. The recycling of secondary raw materials is perceived not only as a business, but also as a useful social and environmental activity. Thus, it is possible to ensure the encouragement of this activity from state bodies and the environmental service.

Waste paper pressing.
The process of primary pressing of waste paper for ease of movement is worthy of attention! On the basis of just one press, your own mini business can be created. See for yourself:

Recycling of waste products is actually a promising business, especially in our time, when the use of production waste is not given too much attention. In addition, this activity contributes to the successful development of undertakings, since this business can be affordable even with small financial investments. Organization of production can provide long-term benefits.

Lines for the production of goods from waste paper.

Waste paper recycling processes involve the production of new goods based on it.

Summing up, we can say that a waste paper business can be started in different directions, such as collecting and pressing with the subsequent sale of briquettes, delivery and processing into pulp or paper, the purchase of recycled waste paper and the production of end products, such as napkins, packaging, etc. .d. Good luck! Ideas for Business from the section: