Palindromes in German are examples of word interpretation. Start in science. He is marvelous, a palindrome, and neither muzzle nor paws are visible
Introduction
Target:
Understand the magical property of the world of letters - to transform in reverse, preserving the meaning. Learn to form palindromic numbers
Tasks:
1) Study the literature on palindromes;
2) Find out the history of the emergence of palindromes, and what interesting things have been created in this direction;
3) Give examples of modern palindromes;
4) Show variety of palindromes;
5) Reveal the knowledge of peers (classmates) about words and expressions that are read back and forth and retain meaning; arouse the interest of classmates in the topic;
6) Explore ways to compose palindromes.
1. Relevance of the topic being studied
The topic of palindromes has been relevant and interesting since ancient times. Palindromes have an unusual history and amazing properties. In ancient times they were even treated with caution, considering them to be spells.
Composing palindromes is a very difficult and painstaking task, but very interesting. Not everyone can do or like such an activity.
Currently, the topic of palindromes is also interesting, as evidenced by articles, various publications, and Internet sites.
We conducted a study among grades 2–7 and found out that many children have heard about words and numbers - palindromes, but only a few know detailed information. Many of the students surveyed would like to know more about palindromes.
Research methods :
Theoretical
Practical
Questionnaire
Amazing palindromes
One day we were asked a riddle during a Russian language lesson. Try to guess it too:
From straw and branches
There is a forest house in the clearing.
It will protect you from the rain in the summer,
It will give you coolness in the heat. (hut)
Pay attention to this word. It's unusual.
It is read both from left to right and from right to left. I wonder if there are many such words?
Together with classmates and their parents, we came up with words and wrote them down in alphabetical order. You can see them on the slide. We got 39 words!
Among them are 4 verbs (go, fly, lil, flow), 26 nouns (among them 3 names: Anna, Alla and the old male name Titus) and other words
Such words are called palindromes.
Palindrome(from the Greek palindromeo - running backward) - words, phrases or numbers that are read the same from left to right and from right to left.
There are entire phrases called palindromes. For example, one of these phrases sounds in the famous fairy tale by A. Tolstoy “The Adventures of Pinocchio”:
In the fairy tale, the strict girl Malvina taught Pinocchio to write. She ordered to write the following phrase: “And the rose fell on Azor’s paw” and ordered to read “on the contrary.” This phrase is read the same from left to right and from right to left. This is a palindrome phrase.
There are a lot of such phrases:
There is milk near Mitya.
And write and hiss.
There is a suitcase on the house.
He eats hay.
Lyosha found a bug on the shelf.
Each of these palindromic phrases can be read both from left to right and from right to left.
But let's return to our words - palindromes. Let's try to encode them using numbers. Instead of a vowel we will write the number 1, and instead of a consonant we will write 2.
Hut – 21212
121121
21212
Looking carefully at the numbers, we can say that there are palindromes in mathematics.
Numeric palindromes - These are numbers that are read the same from right to left and left to right. Moreover, the number of characters can be either even or odd.
For example: 121; 676; 1331; 4884; 94949; 1177711; 1178711, etc.
Palindromic numbers have long been of interest to mathematicians. These numbers are not just beautiful, but also have a number of wonderful properties.
Here's one of them.
For example, let's take the number 38 . Let's write it in reverse order 83 . Now let's try to put them together.
38 + 83 = 121 – palindrome.
Is this a coincidence? Let's try again.
58 + 85 = 143 – not a palindrome, let’s continue: 143 + 341 = 484 – palindrome.
To obtain a palindrome, we will use an algorithm.
Algorithm for obtaining a palindrome
- Take any two-digit number (48)
- Turn it over (rearrange the numbers from right to left) (84)
- Find their sum (48 + 84 = 132)
- Turn over the resulting number (231)
- Find their sum (132 + 231 = 363)
- Repeat similar steps until you get a palindrome
Sometimes it takes more steps to get a palindrome. Here, for example, for the number 192:
1) 192 + 291 = 483
2) 483 + 384 = 867
3) 867 +768 = 1545
4) 1545 + 5451 = 6996
4 steps are taken and the palindrome, 6996, is obtained.
And this happens with almost any number, no matter where you start the process.
We made 55 examples from two-digit numbers. Of these, there are 34 palindromes in one action, 12 in two actions, 3 in 3 actions, 2 in 4 actions, 3 in 6 actions, and an interesting number: 89. For it, it was necessary to take 24 steps to obtain a palindrome .
But there is something strange with the number 196. No matter how much they continued to rearrange the numbers and add, a palindrome did not come out!
1) 196 + 691 = 887
2) 887 + 788 = 1675
3) 1675 + 5761 = 7436
4) 7436 + 6347 = 13783
5) 13783 + 38731 = 52514
6) 52514 + 41525 = 94039
7) 94039 + 93049 = 187088
8) 187088 + 880781 = 1067869
9) …
The number itself already exceeds a million, but the palindrome has not been obtained!
And so far it has not been found at any step from the number 196 that a palindrome will be obtained (and more than seven hundred million such steps have been made by different researchers using a computer), nor strict proof that a palindrome will never be obtained.
There are other numbers that cannot be made into a palindrome, such as 879 or 1997.
From palindromes, arranging them in a certain way, you can create symmetrical figures, distinguished by an original pattern of repeating numbers.
A palindrome can be called some object, an object in which there is symmetry of components from beginning to end and from end to beginning.
That is, in addition to letter, word and numeric palindromes, there are other types of equally interesting palindromes. To support this, we would like to give some of them as examples..
Examples of palindromes
In mathematics
121; 676; 1331; 4884; 94949; 1177711; 1178711
In fine arts
In nature
In applied arts
In life
Peer survey
To identify the knowledge and interests of students at our school, we conducted a survey. The results are presented in a chart in which positive responses are presented as a percentage of the number of students in the classes.
He is marvelous, palindromic, and
no muzzles or paws are visible...
Kirill Reshetnikov
(from ancient Greek πᾰλίνδρομος - “moving backwards”) - these are words, phrases and sentences that are read equally from left to right and from right to left.
Palindromes, or inverted words, are possible starting with three-letter words: bob, grandfather, kok, oko, navel, shish. Although among geographical names there is a palindrome of two letters, for example, the Yaya River in Siberia. The most five-letter palindromic words are: order, argument, tavern, Cossack, lump, revolver, flood, rotor, stomp, sabbath, hut. Palindrome sentences are most often playful or humorous. In ancient times in Russia they were called “crawfish poems.”
This is what palindromic phrases look like.
And in the Yenisei it is blue.
And the lama is small.
And the fox is smart - the rat brought cheese to him.
And the muse is glad to the muse without mind and reason.
Watermelon flew into a bison
Watermelon at the bison.
Argentina beckons the Negro.
And the rose fell on Azor's paw.
And the dog is barefoot.
Asya, milk is near the meat.
And the brush is like a mother-in-law!
Oborin is great - he is both timid and Leo.
This is the power of the capitalist type.
City of roads.
The town of Bishkek is very expensive.
Yes, looking for a taxi is hell!
Fashion house
Road out of town:
now a ditch, now a lapel.
The sky is expensive, but you need a vegetable garden.
Eat less unwashed food!
It is known that even the hedgehog has NZ at home.
And the city values a vegetable garden by the road.
And Lehman is broke!
And Ivan was little, but he was beating a lancer at the linden trees with a pitchfork!
And while you are poor, do not wait, O Jew, for women, but mine.
Ira, cook!
The Cossack carried hay to the donkey, and porridge to the Cossack.
Romantic whale at sea.
The cat is learned, but how insensitive he is!
Cook, save the onions.
I'm climbing into the knot.
While flying, it will catch up with another woodpecker.
Lyosha found horns on the mountain.
The leader raved cheerfully and proudly.
Did you wake up Lida?
The midget catfish was sawing on the bridge.
Rot your tuxedos, Komsomol!
Poppy is alien to bugs.
The path is small, but it leads to the portals.
The truth beckons me with its radiance.
The world is like Rome.
Oksana and her kitten get wet.
Cossack muzzle behind the scenes.
He looks like an angel, but he lies down on the sofa.
Ivan rode on a pitchfork.
On the forehead, you idiot!
You need a sword in your fist, and a bow in your suitcase.
There is a suitcase on the house.
Cancer got into our pocket.
Strength is our talisman.
You can't see how amazing he is.
Isn't it amazing, mom?! Ham, but cute!
Not married, but gentle.
Chopin didn't go.
But the archangel is invisible, the frost lay like a pattern on the temple, and it is marvelous.
But you eat less, he doesn’t wash.
Wow, I see someone alive!
There is milk near Misha.
He's been in hell for a long time.
He is marvelous, a palindrome, and neither muzzle nor paws are visible.
It, salmon meat, is salted.
He hacked and sweated from wine, it was cold - he was in a daze; That summer we drank heavily.
Should I dig up a slipper?
Oh, and dashing!
“Let me in!” - A bowl of soup is flying to Maxim. - “Let go, the soup is flying!”
Leps sang.
Tartu is dear as a city of losses.
The sea flows, not the rum.
A raccoon is drowning.
Cake and bananas, soup. My son's mouth is full.
Coffee cake is not a foxtrot.
You, my dear, go fast: there is a mine near the road, behind an expensive vegetable garden, and behind it is a city by the sea; go, if you wash.
I'll be at the oak tree.
Horror - the angel lay down on the soot.
I don’t knit brooms anymore.
Lyosha found a saw near the linden trees.
He died - and peace be upon him.
The mind stupidly floated beyond the limits on the path to insanity.
Appreciate the lead in yourself.
The rustle from the oak tree seems good.
I come with a sword, judge.
I'm dumb and tender, don't marry me.
I am dumb: the fox bit me.
I'm not crying, I'm sure.
I'm not old, brother Senya.
I finally met the lady.
I compared this and that - that’s why I distinguished myself.
I will die, farmer, - I ate persimmons.
Palindromes can also be used in poetry. An interesting couplet by D. Avaliani, written in Homeric hexameter.
The sea is mighty. In tone with him, I will answer noisily with Homer:
Sea, awaken faith - bright, quickly I go like a storm.
There are many poetic phrases that can be read equally in both directions.
Muse, wounded by the awl of experience, you will pray for reason.(D. Avaliani)
Here the weirdos honor the cicada.(D. Avaliani)
We will illuminate and destroy the world!(V. Gershuni)
But you are as thin as a note.(N. Ladygin)
I sang, shining and blind...(A. Khanmagomedov)
Prayer for the white horse.(I. Fonyakov)
He lay down on the temple, and the archangel was marvelous and invisible.(Folklore)
You could be our god, you deception!(B. Goldstein)
Morning crept across the port.(V. Ryabinin)
The history of palindromes dates back to time immemorial. The oldest surviving palindrome is written in Latin and was created around the 4th century. ad. This is a phrase "Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas" , which means “The sower of Arepo can hardly keep his wheels.” Typically, this palindrome, consisting of five five-letter words, was written in the shape of a square.
In this form, the phrase is read in four ways: horizontally and vertically, from left to right and from right to left.
It is worth saying that in ancient times, amazing properties were attributed to the palindrome, “sharpened” into a square. It was believed that it had magical powers and was able to protect against diseases and evil spirits. It is no coincidence that such “magic” phrases were carved on the walls of temples and palaces of the ancient Romans, and in the Middle Ages - on the facades of Christian churches.
Words that are read backwards in the same way as correctly in Russian, that is, from left to right, are called palindromic words. Whole sentences are made from them, and even some poems are written in this genre. The word "palindrome" comes to us from Greek, and means "back, again."
What are palindromes?
The meaning of such words is perfect symmetry. Inverted phrases are composed simply in free time, and not only for entertainment.
Coming up with such phrases very well develops creative thinking, increases the intellectual capabilities of the individual, and forces the brain to work outside the pattern.
Various games with words strengthen ingenuity, which helps in learning and in any work.
Many phrases can be invented with the help of a dictionary and originality of thought. Here, for example, is one of the modern palindromes - “And the muse is glad to the muse without mind and reason.”
But this phrase appears in Gogol’s novel: is Mirgorod a city or a road?”
Writers and poets, since they have a strong intellect in the field of linguistics and think in phrases, easily compose palindromes.
The history of the appearance of such symmetrical phrases
The very first palindrome came to us from the ancient world. This is an amazing phrase that is absolutely symmetrical and easy to read not only from left to right and right to left, but also horizontally.
The phrase has meaning, it is not just a bunch of words. Its approximate translation is: “The sower of Arepo holds the wheels with difficulty.” This square is known as the work of one of the Romans. It's called a super palindrome. And the ancient Romans considered the phrase magical, and painted it on their walls as a charmed symbol protecting the house from evil spirits.
In European countries, inverted phrases, as palindromes are called, became popular in the Middle Ages, during the Baroque and Rococo eras, when poetry and lyricism flourished.
Russia adopted such verse as a separate genre of literature only in the 17th century. The first Russian poem of this kind, “Razin,” was written in 1920 by V. Khlebnikov. But this genre of literature reached its peak only in the 80-90s of the 20th century. Among Russian writers, only a few wrote such lines - G. R. Derzhavin, V. Bryusov, N. Lodygin, and others.
Types of inversion phrases
There are not many identical words in the Russian language; therefore, not all palindromes are perfectly symmetrical. For example, you have to replace and with th, add letters, modify the word. Several types of inverted phrases were formed.
Palindromes can be absolute or imprecise. What is their difference? An absolute inversion phrase has no punctuation between words. That is, the words are not broken off, are not modified, and there are no missing letters in such palindromes. In contrast, imprecise palindromes make phrases difficult to read because the letters are in different words.
For example: “He is marvelous, a palindrome - and neither muzzle nor paws are visible.”
Or: “Muse, wounded by the awl of experience, you will pray for reason.
There are also cyclic inverted phrases, syllabic ones. There are quite a lot of them.
Many bloggers and simply those who like to “use their brains” play with palindromic words and constantly come up with something new and fresh.
Children's palindromic phrases
There are inverted phrases for children and adults, which are invented at various competitions by students who do not care about censorship. But we will focus on children's ones. In preschool children, palindromes can spark interest in literature and grammar. After all, a child’s development is still ongoing. But this time is spent outside or at home reading a book - it depends on the parents.
Children's palindromes are always simple. Poets and thinkers, when creating a palindrome for children, try to create an accurate phrase, small and, moreover, interesting. The most famous inverted phrase for children was written by the poet Afanasy Fet - “And the rose fell on Azor’s paw.”
The same saying was later used in the children's film "Pinocchio". If anyone remembers, the cunning Malvina dictated this proposal to the wooden boy for recording. This is a clear example of inverted phrases from movies. There is little meaning in this saying, but the phrase is really simple and funny for children. After this film, all children and adults remembered it, but maybe not everyone knew that it was a palindrome.
Famous Poems
Funny, witty poems are also made from shapeshifters. But creating even a couple of lines, observing the lines and rhythm, is far from easy.
The longest and most complex palindrome arranged in poetic lines is the work “THE PRICE WINDOW”, written by R. Adrianov. 6 thousand letters in size - a lot of work, mental energy and intellectual power have been put into it. Separating such phrases into strings is a terribly difficult job. Therefore, not all poets cope with this genre.
In general, in many languages of the world there are such inverted phrases. In Latin, in English. All languages that have words that have symmetrical spelling have their own palindromes.
Many poets, in order to diversify their style and develop their abilities, tried to write at least a couple of lines in the form of palindromes. Here, for example, is a line from the famous couplet by D. Avaliani.
Sea, awaken faith - bright, quickly I go by storm
Poems are written in polypalindromes - that is, each thought form is written in the form of an inversion and is located on one or two lines. Achieving rhyme in these cases is difficult, but not impossible. There are examples where rhyme is still present.
And he is yellow, the dream is the basis of the heat, and Milkin’s call!
Are there mirages? There’s a dream, oh, lie down!
Many modern poets compose their palindromic poems. This genre is gradually developing, new phrases suitable for shifters are being found. But few of his contemporaries can compare with the same V. Khlebnikov or Derzhavin.
Many palindromic poems were written by the Russian poet Vladimir Lvovich Gershuni, Dmitry Avaliani and poetess Elena Katsyuba.
Holiday palindromes
New Year's inverted phrases are also very interesting. In this unusual way you can sign a postcard and congratulate friends and relatives. The problem is that the words "new" and "year" are not popular. But you can come up with something for Christmas with the words "angel", "stomp", "frost in" or "young".
Christmas holidays are celebrated in the family. And if your first palindrome does not have a very clear meaning, your relatives will understand you.
How to come up with your own palindrome?
People take up the task of inventing inverted phrases with interest, since this activity infects them with excitement and trains their literary abilities.
Firstly, you need a sufficient vocabulary for such creativity, at least 5-6 thousand verbal units. Secondly, you must first practice using a regular game. It is useful to compose several small ones from one, or to compose one from two. Constantly solving such small linguistic problems in your head stimulates the development of abilities that will be useful in writing more complex elements - inversion phrases.
After practicing playing with words and flipping through Ozhegov’s dictionary, you can try to create your own version of a palindrome. Not everyone is good at this. But if you have a talent for writing palindromes, you can start composing inverted phrases for competitions. Various competitions “fuel” interest in literature, poetry, and grammar. Perhaps this is the first step towards writing your own poems.
conclusions
So, inverted phrases are expressions “on the contrary”. With some mental training and a good vocabulary, anyone can write their own set of palindromes and possibly win the competition.
Since ancient times, people have been attracted to everything magical and inexplicable. I was fascinated by the reflection of objects in the mirror, attracted by the symmetry that often appears in nature. With the advent of writing, a new path appeared for large and small discoveries - the fascinating symmetry of numbers, letters and signs. Initially, this phenomenon was given a sacred meaning. Some people tried to give their children names that read the same on both sides: Alla, Anna, Lol, Nathan - it was believed that this brings happiness. Ancient Slavic runes were written in a circle or in the form they could be read from any letter and this gave them a special, magical meaning. Letter combinations, numbers, signs, words that could be read in several directions, people agreed to call palindromes.
Verbal palindromes
A palindrome (from the Greek - “running back”) is words, texts or certain verbal constructions that are spelled the same way (or with some acceptable deviations) on both sides. Inverted words are quite common in the Russian language. Most often, these are nouns that carry a serious semantic load: pop, Cossack, radar, lump, stomp, revolver, etc. The same picture is observed in other languages - Chinese, Udmurt, Tatar, Spanish, German, French. Literary works are created from palindromes: poems, poems, even novels.
Straight walker and rakhod
The direct text of a palindrome is one that is read in accordance with the normal reading order for a given writing system. In all types of Latin and Cyrillic writing, the direction from left to right is called forward, and the reverse, from right to left, is called reverse, or rakhod. In the 17th-18th centuries in Russia, phrases and inverted words were called “crawfish poems” and most often were of a comic nature. Later, in Russian linguistic practice, the palindrome began to be called inverted (according to V. Khlebnikov), however, upon strict examination, these verbal constructions still differ. Synonyms for the term “palindrome” are also the concepts of “amphirythm” (V. Rybinsky) and “self-rhythm” (S. Kirsanov). Everyone knows the palindrome-aphorism of Valery Bryusov: “I am the arch of the region.”
Monopalindrome and multiline palindrome
Palindromes are written in prose or in the form of verse, that is, broken into lines. Inverted phrases are neither verse nor prose; they can be classified as aphorisms: “Muse, wounded by the awl of experience, you will pray for reason.”
Sometimes a palindrome word is used in the title of a literary work. For example, the book of poems by A. Voznesensky was called “The Axiom of Self-Search,” and the story by V. Nabirkova was called “Hell as Yes, Hell as Yes.” If a palindrome is broken down into lines, then such a poem can take the form of a monopalindrome, that is, a structure that is read back and forth not line by line, but from the end to the very beginning.
- Noah and Faith - Zion Has a Chance
But Jesus on the ball is Villon. (Dmitry Avaliani.)
There are multiline palindromes in which each line is an inversion:
- Hell is thirst!
Hell - heat, hostility!
Hell drives sometimes. (Vladimir Gershuni.)
Such a poem is a reversal in the strictest sense of the term.
Palindrome axis
Some researchers classify palindromes by degree of complexity. For this purpose, the concept of “palindromic axis” or “inverted axis” was introduced into study practice. This is an imaginary line that runs along the letters or between them and divides the palindromic text into two parts so that the letters of one part are a kind of reverse of the other part. For example, the palindromic word “Atakazakata”, coined by V. Bryusov, has an axial letter “z”. In Velimir Khlebnikov’s line “Lament, O Cliff,” the axis of the inversion runs along the letter “th.” Researchers believe that the introduction of the visual concept of “axis” into everyday use proves that palindromes are special works of verbal and visual art.
Exact and imprecise palindromes
An exact palindrome is read exactly the same in both directions. These include, for example, the palindrome word “Cossack” or the phrase by Nikolai Ladygin “Checkmate both here and there.” The highest degree of accuracy assumes that in reverse reading not only complete letter identity is preserved, but also the locations of spaces between words. The strict style of palindromic construction allows for some liberties. Thus, there may be discrepancies between spaces, upper and lower case letters, and indistinguishability between “е” and “e” in the letter.
In palindromes written in free style, inaccuracies of rakokhod, word hyphenation and single-letter lines are allowed. The signs of softness and hardness (Ъ, ь) may be omitted, the letters “Ъ”, “Ш” can be replaced with “И”, “Ш”. Double letters are possible. There are also sound palindromes in which only pronunciation is taken into account. They do not distinguish between “O” and “Yo” after sibilants, “O” and “A” with and without stress. This is the aphorism of Viktor Petrovich Grigoriev: “Go yourself and bring the horse to the masses.” There are alphanumeric palindromes in which the number "0" coincides with the letter "O", "3" = "Z", and "4" = "H".
Lexical coefficient (LC)
The term “lexical coefficient” as applied to palindromes was introduced by A. D. Erlich. It is an indicator of the innovation and uniqueness of palindromic formation. The Ehrlich coefficient is the ratio of the total number of letters in a word structure to the number of words in it. When calculating, single-letter words are not taken into account: prepositions “in” and “s”, conjunctions “and”, “a” and so on. Thus, in terms of its aesthetic qualities, the palindrome of V. Rybinsky (LK-5,6) “The water flow of income is unknown to the fashion of veins” is higher than the couplet of Pavel Nagorskikh (LK-3,4) “Lit mind and face and harmony mutilated // Mat, wear them and sleep on them..."
Nonverbal palindromes
In a broad sense, a palindrome can also have a non-verbal form. For example, there are number palindromes that are read from the end the same way as from the beginning. In mathematics, there is a “flip and add” operation, the essence of which is that by adding the original decimal number with its inverted copy you can get a palindrome: 56 + 65 = 121; 521 + 125 = 646. Palindrome numbers have a special magic that some mathematicians strive to unravel.
“Changes” are observed by biologists in the structures of nucleic acids: the total number of palindromes in the human genome reaches 1 million. In music there are pieces that can be played endlessly. Examples of such plays are “The Way of the World” by Moschels, “Table Melody for Two” by Amadeus Mozart. First, the piece is played in the usual order, then the notes are turned over, but the music does not change, and it is impossible to determine where is up and where is down in the musical notation of this composition. Palindromic paradoxes attract people from various fields of knowledge, and discoveries in this area are always surprising and unpredictable.
Palindromes in history
Palindromes have been around for a very long time. The oldest surviving changeling is written in Latin and dates to the 4th century. n. e. This sentence is Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas, which translated means: “The sower of Arepo can hardly keep his wheels.” It is interesting that this phrase was written in square form:
- S A T O R
A R E P O
T E N E T
O P E R A
R O T A S.
The ancient palindrome is read in four different ways: horizontally and vertically, right and left. The ancients endowed the square with magical properties. It was believed that magic words could protect against illnesses and diseases, as well as against evil spirits. In Ancient Rome, squares with this mysterious phrase were carved on the walls of palaces and temples. In the Middle Ages, the palindrome was depicted on the walls of Christian churches.
Ancient China also had examples of palindromic versification. Many researchers note that palindromic sentences were endowed with charming and prayerful properties, and then used as spells. For example, the “turnaround” phrase “TAKE THE COW AND THE MAID AWAY FROM THE THIEF” was pronounced so that justice would prevail. Folk proverbs also sometimes had a palindromic construction: “Aki is a lion and that mother is great.” The palindrome was used by buffoons to attract spectators during their performances: “On the forehead, idiot!”
Russian palindromes
There is an opinion that it is difficult to create palindromes in Russian. Like, nothing interesting comes of it. However, if you search, you will find inverted words, and sometimes entire sentences, in your native language. Many people know palindromic surnames, names, words from texts or speech, for example: Anna, Titus, Nathan, Alla, Aza, Toth, Anikina, Anizina, Kutuk, Vodokhodov, Nilin, Nizin, Volov, Kuvuk, Volokolokolov, Aneena, Anina, Gog , Yuyu, Nitin, Nivin, Nikin, Anisina, Anilelina, Anililina and so on. There are also many simple words and conjunctions: here, or, income, kotok (cat), kolok, hut, stomp, argument, flood, Cossack, tavern, cook, eye, barely, yet, and the like. Thus, palindromes are also found in the Russian language. Examples of sentences and phrases:
- Argentina beckons the Negro.
- There is milk near Misha.
- He died, and peace be upon him.
- I climb into the bathroom.
- I'll be at the oak tree.
- Cossack muzzle behind the scenes.
- "Let me in!" - A bowl of soup is flying to Maxim. - “Let go, the soup is flying!”
Palindromes for children
Phrases and words read in both directions will definitely interest the children. They will definitely appreciate the magic that palindromes contain. Examples for children:
- There is a suitcase on the house.
- He eats hay.
- Lyosha found a bug on the shelf.
- The cat is carrying ducks.
- Eat less unwashed food!
You can play the game “Create your own palindromes” with the guys. It's pretty simple. Try taking the simple word "Az" and adding the letter "A" to it. The result is a simple palindrome word "Aza". Then add the letters “za” again and you get “Aza-za”. If you repeat “-za” countless times, the palindrome will become infinite “Aza-za, -za, -za...-za.” You can make the task more difficult. For example, you can pay attention to the word "Boa constrictor". If you read it the other way around, it means “in Hell.” So the palindrome was born: “Boa constrictor in Hell.” Such activities train your memory and stimulate the areas of the brain that are responsible for recognizing letters and composing words from them. The children develop unconventional thinking, which will be very useful to them in life. Inverted words for children are an introduction to the possibilities of their native language in a playful way.
Modern experiments
Author's palindromes appeared in the 17th century, during the emergence of syllabic poetry. In the Russian language until the 20th century, the most famous palindromic phrases of Romanovich: “I am walking with the sword of a judge,” “I am the mind of the dawn.” In the twentieth century, various experiments in the field of versification led to the emergence of interesting palindromatic forms. Russian poets V. Bryusov and V. Khlebnikov tried to introduce an aesthetic element into palindromes. In the middle of the last century, A. Voznesensky tried to combine the palindromic technique with visuality.
Modern palindromists are D. Avaliani, V. Gershuni, B. Goldstein, A. Bubnov, G. Lukomnikov. In recent years, poets have sought to combine in palindromes the elements of word splicing and zaumi (rejection of elements of natural language), which gives the texts a unique intonation (S. Biryukov, S. Sigei).
Different languages study palindromes differently. Neologisms are created, experiments unusual in form and content are conducted. The longest word used in everyday speech is the palindrome saippuakauppias, which means “soap seller” in Finnish. In our native speech, you can create original palindromic constructions - this activity will be useful for both children and adults. Go for it, and you will succeed!
For those who don’t know, these are one-liners that are read backwards in the same way as in the usual way. (A classic example is “And the rose fell on Azor’s paw,” although in fact this is not a full-fledged palindrome, because there is no such word “Azor”, and there is not even such a dog’s name). Even in ancient times, over-aged students loved to amaze newcomers with the famous one-liner of Gabriel Derzhavin: I GO WITH THE SWORD OF A JUDGE, but even here the grammar has changed: the word “sword” is now spelled differently. I rummaged through my notebooks and collected about ten good, large palindromes (and not all the little things like BEL BREAD). Rearranging words is also not particularly welcome (like: A WATERMELON FLYED AT A BISON). At least many are original. Maybe someone came up with a couple of their own?
DON'T ROCK DADDY'S GENE
HE DRINKED WINE AND GOT GETTED
APPRECIATE THE OFFICE IN THE SHADOW, BAKINIAN
OH, TOOK UP THE BALLS: EITHER THE POLICE OR SHILO
FIRE - FOREHEAD OF THE SICK
ASIA, MILK IS NEAR MEAT
RIESLING IS ROTTEN, SIRE!
EVENT - AND YOU ARE BOSS
BOAR PRESSED ON EGGPLANT
I RARELY HOLD A CIGARET BUT WITH MY HAND
BUT YOUNG HE FLY DOWN
I'M SO SMOOTHING AND WAVING MY EARS - THE HORROR OF THE HORROR! KATE.
I AM NOT NICE AND THEY STRONGED ME IN HELL
BOTH THE LEOPARD AND HYDRA EATED
THERE IS GOOD CHEESE FOR FOOD, RATS RUSH HERE
Mikhail Feldman:
BUT THE BELT IS NOT A MEASURE
DRIVING THE LIMOUSINE, I AMAZED THE GIRL
LILIPUT SOMA ON THE PILIL BRIDGE
ARGENTINA BECOMES A NEGRA
I AM NOT NICE - AND THEY DID NOT MARRY ME
Velimir Khlebnikov:
FALLED, AND NOROV HUD, AND THE SPIRIT OF THE RAVEN'S PAWS
HORSES, STOPPING, MINOR
BUT IT'S NOT SPEECH, IT'S BLACK
Boris Maisel:
MALA KASKA AKSAKALAM
LENA STOPPED HUSBAND'S MASS - HUSBAND ORAL AND EATED BANANA
THE MORNING WENT TO HELL
GENTLY PULLING THE NIPPLE WITH YOUR MOUTH AND WATCHING AS WELL AS HE TAKES HIS WIFE
Alexander Alexandrov:
EVIL BOARD SHAPPED
MARIA IRE IN THE YARD: Pimps HAVE NO TRUST IN IRAM
THE HOOVES ARE TOO SMALL FOR THE OX
PRAY AND SMOKE MYRA WITH CENSE
LESH ON THE MOUNTAIN HORNS FOUND
AND THE BODY OF THE AC IS NEAR THE AIRPLANE
CITY - AND NO SHADOW OF ROADS
MORNING, THE PRICE IS THAT DELICACY, BUT STILL A CANDY IN YOUR MOUTH
SO I WILL TEACH A BUNCH OF ANIMALISTS!
THERE WILL BE A NUMBER ABOUT OAK REPAIR
THE YEAR IS NOT LONG, AND THE DOG IS HUNGRY
IS MAT NOT NICE TO THE COPS?
CAT BOSS - DOG SHOCK
AND SWING NUNCHAKI
AND BIT THE CROCODILE BITCHES TO THE CRUST
WHALE HARPOON? WELL PRAGMATIC!
CYBORG COFFIN
THE BELUGA FLOCKED AWAY IN THE SPEAK, CALLING KETU
HE WAS FOLALED IN A NURSE CAREFULLY
CAT - FAT FROM THE FLOOR, PSU - CURRENT
Kirill Reshetnikov:
THE BEE CALLED - THERE IS AN EMERGENCY IN THE HALL!
Alexander Sherstyuk:
I'M LOOKING GYURZ!
WE ARE STRENGTH - TALISMAN
OH, I SEE A VIRGIN - I WILL TAKE AWAY!
APPRECIATE THE ROAR OF THE HALL, MENAGERIE!
ACT - AND LONG, WITH YOUR MOUTH... OH TROGLODITE!
ARAP WAS TREATED FOR PARALYSIS AT TUBES: EATING PIKE
BUT ALSO THE KING'S DIET
FUCK! THE ENEMY IS AT WILL! THE AVENGER FLYS BOLDLY INTO THE ENEMY'S HANGAR
AND THE BAZAAR MANILA, AND NOT TWICE PANCAKES A DAY
LADY, HERE'S A PUN: RUDE, SMALL, WHO SEEN?
I AM GLORIOUS! MOSCOW LIED - GLAUCK DOUBTED
LADEN IS A COOKER, BUT THE LAMB AND ONIONS DIDN’T GIVE
THE APARTMENTS SAY: GO, SMOKE WEED
THE CITY FELL ASLEEP FROM THE MOON CRAMPS
MOSQUITO AT THE TYPANT'S HOUSE MOK
THE SLAVE IS DENIED, BUT HE IS NOT A THISTLE
THE EGGS HAVE BEEN LAYED BY THE POP! SENSATION!
AND THE LADY YELLS: HERSELF, MOM, THE ASTEROID EATED!
AT KUM'S LILYA HAD FLOUR
Ilya Fonyakov:
NENETS IS VALUABLE
PRAYER FOR THE WHITE HORSE
BITCH ZORYA FIERCELY BIT THE RENEGADE GENERAL
KAZAKH'S FACE BEHIND THE SCREEN
IT'S Familiar EVEN AT THE HEDGEHOG'S HOUSE NZ
SCRAP O TUXEDOS ROT, Komsomol!
TARTU IS ROADS LIKE A CITY OF LOSS
Dmitry Shcherbina:
CRACKKEK IS FORTY YEARS OLD
BATHYSCAPH HAS FAX AND TABOO
OMG, I'LL GREAT YOU WITH A CHOOK!
ME AND MOTORBALL AND LOBOTOMY
NO DRY WALLS
Dmitry Morgulis:
A HEDGEHOG IS NOT A FOX - IT'S STRONG!
KASPAROV'S LENS: THE THIEF AND THE DOG EXECUTED
AN WIFE, INFECTED, TENDER!
AND THE LIRAS PICKED
NINE: LENNON IS NOT LENIN
GET THE HORN ON THE FLOOR, YOU BARROW!
Sergey Orlov:
DID THE HORSES BEAT THE HUT OR THE BOOT?
THERE WILL BE AN OAK
THERE IS ICE EVERYWHERE, YAWNING
BUT DID HE HURT THE PEOPLE?
Golubovskaya?:
LOOKS LOOKING AN ANGEL, BUT LIES ON THE SOFA
Sofronitsky?:
BUT THE ARCHANGEL IS INVISIBLE: FROST LAYED IN A PATTERN ON THE TEMPLE, AND HE WONDERED
Sergey Karelin:
I AND THE MARBLE MISTY BLOWED UP
LADY, THERE'S A COW!
It's all here.