Open lesson in the preparatory group of a preschool educational institution. Epic heroes. Presentation on the topic "heroes of the Russian land"
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The word “hero” evokes in modern man a strong association with mighty warriors, dressed in chain mail, who, with a sword in hand, protect Kievan Rus from the adversary. And few people know what they really were like.
The first heroes were the Mongol generals!
We all know from school about the ancient Russian epic heroes- Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. Recently, their images have been actively and successfully exploited in animation. This does not please many adults who are disgusted by the transformation of heroes from epic heroes into pop culture heroes. However, the truth is that epic heroes are as far from their historical prototypes as cartoon characters. For both of them are fiction...
Epic times
For the first time, the word “hero” appears in ancient Russian chronicles already during the decline of Kievan Rus, at the terrible hour of Batu’s invasion. The entry refers to the events of 1240. “Batu came to Kyiv with heavy force, many of his strength, and surrounded the city. And the Tatar force surrounded, and the city was under a great siege... Its first governor was Sebedai Bogatur and Burundai Bogatur, who took the Bulgarian land and Suzdal.”, - the Ipatiev Chronicle tells us.
So, the first “heroes” of the ancient Russian chronicle are the Tatar commanders Subedey and Burundai, who do not act at all as defenders of the Russian land. If we look at the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, we will find out that the word “hero” comes from the ancient Turkic “bagatur” - “brave warrior”. It is found in chronicles starting from the 13th century.
It is logical to assume that all the “heroic” epics known to us were created no earlier than the same 13th century, or even later. Also, you should not look for real events in the so-called “epics of the Kyiv cycle”.
The only character who connects the epics with the historical Kievan Rus is the Grand Duke Vladimir the Red Sun. But he also resembles his historical prototype, Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, no more than his cartoon namesake. And the “scientific” comparisons of the Polovtsian Khan Tugorkan with the epic Tugarin the Serpent, which flies through the sky and breathes fire, do not fit into any gates.
It is also interesting that most of the currently known epics were recorded in the former Novgorod lands. The rest are in different parts of what is now Russia. But neither in Belarus nor in Ukraine (which were also part of Kievan Rus) not a single epic has been recorded - although there are legends from that period.
The conclusion is obvious: the “Old Russian” epics known to us are a “remake” of the 13th-15th centuries. Moreover, it was a “remake” from Novgorod, having the most distant relation to the history of Kievan Rus itself. But, alas, we do not know what songs the residents of Kyiv listened to in earlier times.
The epics that have come down to us are, first of all, literary epic works that arose as a reaction to the Tatar-Mongol yoke and were designed to raise the people's spirit in this difficult time. At the same time, the epic vocabulary already contained neologisms such as the Turkic “hero”. And in later epics, Ilya Muromets is even called an “old Cossack,” which gives us the upper limit of their occurrence - the 16th century.
“...and Pechenezhin’s husband strangled him”
All of the above does not mean at all that during the times of Kievan Rus there were no brave warriors. There were, of course! True, they were not called “heroes”, but “braves”, “horobers” or “braves” (a related adjective to “brave”). From the chronicles we know many examples of the personal military valor of princes - such as Svyatoslav Igorevich, Andrei Bogolyubsky, Izyaslav Mstislavich, Mstislav the Brave, Mstislav Udatny, Daniil Galitsky. And also their warriors: Evpatiy Kolovrat, who opposed Batu with a small squad; courtier Andrei, who captured the Hungarian governor Filnius; thousand Dmitry, who defended Kyiv from the entire Batu Horde.
In 992, the Pechenegs launched a raid on Rus'. Prince Vladimir came out to meet them and stopped them on the Trubezh River at a ford. Both sides did not dare to start a battle. Then the Pecheneg prince drove up to the river, called Prince Vladimir and told him: “Let your husband out, and I let mine out - let them fight. If your husband throws mine to the ground, then we will not fight for three years; if our husband leaves yours on the ground, then we will ruin you for three years.”
Vladimir sent heralds around his camp with the words: “Is there a husband who would fight the Pecheneg?”. And then one old man came to the prince and said to him: “Prince! I have one younger son at home; I went out with four, and he stayed at home. Since childhood, no one has thrown him to the ground. Once I scolded him, and he kneaded the skin, so he got angry with me and tore the skin with his hands.”. The delighted prince called the miracle worker to his place, but he first asked him to check him. An angry ox was set on him, but the young man dodged and grabbed a piece of meat from the ox with his hand. The impressed prince said that he could fight the Pechenegs.
The next morning the duel took place: “And Vladimir’s husband came out, and the Pechenegs saw him and laughed, for he was of average height. And they measured the space between both armies and sent them against each other. And they grabbed tightly, and Pechenezhin’s husband strangled him to death with his hands. And threw him to the ground. And the Russians exclaimed, and the Pechenegs ran, and Rus' chased after them, beating them, and drove them away.".
According to the Tale of Bygone Years, Prince Vladimir made his fighter and his father “great men.” And in honor of the victory, the city of Pereyaslavl was founded. Here the author of “The Tale ...” lied a little for the sake of words - after all, the city of Pereyaslavl was known at the beginning of the 10th century. The author of “The Tale...” also does not call the Russian “brabor” by name. But folk legends call him Nikita Kozhemyaka or Yan Usmoshvets.
Conquest of the Kasogs
The second incident occurred in 1022 with the brother of Yaroslav the Wise, Mstislav Vladimirovich the Brave, Prince of Tmutarakan. When he went on a campaign against the Kasogs (a Caucasian tribe, the ancestors of the current Circassians and Circassians), he defeated the Kasog leader Rededya in a personal duel, and then stabbed him to death.
By the way, now this episode is often interpreted incorrectly, and the fact that Mstislav stabbed Rededya with a knife is considered shameful. However, Mstislav, according to the ideas of his time, acted extremely nobly, preserving the main thing for the Caucasian horseman - honor. For even before the fight, Rededya set a condition: “...if you prevail, you will take my riches, and my wife, and my children, and my land. If I prevail, then I will take everything you have.”
Mstislav won the duel (after turning to the Mother of God for help): “...and hit the ground with it. And he took out a knife and stabbed him in the larynx, and so Rededya was stabbed to death. And he went to his land and took all his wealth, and his wife, and his children, and imposed tribute on the Kasogs.”. That is, Mstislav stabbed Rededya so that he would not witness how the Russian, under the terms of the duel, would take “his wealth, and his wife, and his children.” Returning to Tmutarakan, the prince erected the Church of the Virgin Mary.
By the way, the very next year Mstislav went against his brother Yaroslav with an army that included Kasogs. That is, according to their ideas, Mstislav defeated Rededya in a fair fight and himself became the Kasozh prince by right.
Summarizing all that has been said, it should be emphasized once again that “brabors” have never been translated into Rus'. However, it would be reckless to study this issue only from epics or other purely literary works.
Bogatyrs and defenders of the Russian land
(conversation game for 3rd graders for Russian Independence Day)
The purpose of the lesson is to use the example of epics and books about heroes to instill a sense of pride about the heroic past of our country, to introduce new publications on the topic.
Heroic epics have long been written about the defenders and guardians of the Russian land and the Russian state - song-stories about folk heroes-heroes. These songs were composed many centuries ago, even at a time when Kyiv was the capital of our homeland, and some of them were composed even more distant from us (more than a thousand years ago). In the old days, epics were sung to the sound of gusli, they sang solemnly, in front of a large crowd of people.
The epic got its name from the word “byl”, which is close in meaning. This means that the epic tells about what once really happened, although not everything in the epics is true. In the epic, as in the folk tale, there is a lot of fiction. Bogatyrs are people of extraordinary strength, they gallop on mighty horses through rivers and forests, and lift weights on their shoulders that no man can bear.
Many Russian epics tell about the heroic deeds of the people's heroes. Everything in their actions is majestic, large, amazing. The hero is distinguished by enormous physical strength: he eats and drinks like an extraordinary being - he drinks one and a half buckets of water in one breath. The heroes fight with their enemies - they fight “for twelve days, without drinking or eating,” wielding a heavy club left and right in battle, so that the enemies fall like cut grass.
Hyperbolic, i.e. with exaggeration, the enemies of Rus' are depicted - Tugarin Zmeevich, Idolishche Poganoe, Nightingale the Robber and others. This is how the people showed their attitude towards foreign invaders.
Reference:
Researchers distinguish the Kyiv and Novgorod cycles of epics. In Kiev, the capital city of Kyiv is depicted - the center of the Russian state, led by Prince Vladimir (? - 1015), whom the people nicknamed Red Sun. Not a single ruler of Ancient Rus' is sung in epics and legends as much as this prince. Heroes from various regions - Murom, Rostov, Ryazan - gather around Vladimir to protect Rus' from enemies. It is believed that epics were composed in Kyiv, and from there they were distributed throughout Rus'. (over time, some ancient epics changed, they were supplemented with new stories, which is why Prince Vladimir appears in epics that describe events from completely different eras.)
The Novgorod epic cycle is closely connected with the life and history of this city. Novgorod is a rich city with a high culture, it lives an independent life, it wanted and had everything of its own - even epics. The most famous epics of the Novgorod cycle are “Sadko”, “Vasily Buslaev”, “Stavr Godinovich”.
But there are epics that cannot be attributed to either one or the other cycle. They are older than Kyiv and Novgorod and were created even before the formation of Rus'. These are, for example, epics about the hunter Volkh, about the hero Svyatogor.
Epics that depict heroic warriors fighting enemies for Holy Rus' are called heroic.
On the borders of the Russian land, three main heroes stand as a heroic outpost: Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich.
-Who knows where they come from?
(Ilya Muromets - from the village of Karacharovo near Murom.
Dobrynya Nikitich - from Ryazan.
Alyosha Popovich - from Rostov the Great.)
What “dark forces” were they fighting?
(Ilya Muromets - with Nightingale the Robber, Foul Idol, Kalin - the Tatar king.
Dobrynya Nikitich - with the Serpent Gorynych of three heads and twelve tails, the giantess Polyanitsa, freed the full Russian.
Alyosha Popovich - with Tugarin Zmeevich, with the Busurman army.)
- And in which prince’s squad did these heroes serve? Which of the Russian princes is most sung in epics?
Prince Vladimir Red Sun.
- Which of these heroes is the most famous?
(Ilya Muromets.)
Let's watch a fragment cartoon "Ilya Muromets".
And now we will spend quiz “Epic heroes” and check whether you read carefully and what you remember about these heroes.
(Chitayka magazine, No. 8 2008, pp. 18–19):
What mistakes did grandfather Chitailo-Zabyvaylo make in his story about the heroes?
(we read out the fragments and clarify errors).
The winner can be awarded the game “Tales of Russian Heroes” from the magazine “Chitayka” No. 8, 2008.
Guys, everyone knows these heroes. Have you heard about such a hero as Nikita Kozhemyaka?
Children's answers or a story about him. (Almanac Klepa in Ancient Rus'. No. 40, 1997. P. 22-27)
My dear readers! We talked about epic heroes, but who can name Russian princes– defenders of the Russian land? Who defended their native land and became famous throughout the centuries so that we remember their names, although hundreds of years have passed?
Alexander Nevskiy– the Novgorod prince was one of the most glorious defenders of Ancient Rus'. The people loved him for his majestic beauty, wisdom, strength and courage.
-Who knows why he received such a nickname - Nevsky?
(children tell about the battle with the Swedes on the Neva)
-What other victory did Prince Alexander Nevsky win?
(children’s answers - “Battle of the Ice” of the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipsi)
He rendered an important service to the Russian land with his victories. Neva Victory and the Battle of the Ice for a long time they discouraged both the Swedes and the Germans from trying to take possession of the northern Russian lands. The Western enemies of the Russian land were convinced that Russians, even enslaved by the Tatars, could still stand up for themselves.
Alexander Nevsky was not only an outstanding commander, but also an intelligent politician, a subtle diplomat, whose main concern was to maintain peace in Rus' at any cost, especially since many of its lands were devastated by Batu.
-And how many of you know where Alexander Nevsky is from?
(The history of the city is connected with the name of Alexander Nevsky Pereslavl. It was in this city in 1220, near the Transfiguration Cathedral, that the legendary commander was born. This is where he spent his childhood. At the age of 16 he becomes the Prince of Novgorod. It is known that after the victory over the Swedes in 1240, he again came to Pereslavl, restored the fortress walls, towers, and city buildings; built a mansion on a high mountain, where he lived until 1241. And the mountain is still called Alexandrova.
It is believed that Alexander also visited Yaroslavl - he came to the funeral of his relative, the Yaroslavl prince Vasily Vsevolodovich in 1249. The Yaroslavl uprising of 1262 is also associated with the name of Alexander Nevsky, when the townspeople killed and threw the Horde Baskak Zosima, who extorted huge extortions, over the city wall and brought the Yaroslavl people to despair.)
It was necessary to have a great mind in order to understand that weakened Rus' needed to be fought not with a horde, but to accumulate strength in order to then jointly rid Rus' of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. And Alexander goes to the Tatar khan, lives for a long time in a foreign country and has long conversations with the khan. This is how he saved the lives of many Russian people. He brought peace and tranquility to Rus', because the khan allowed him to rule Russia himself until the khan’s treasury suffered any damage.
Prince Alexander returned sick from the Horde. On the night of November 14, 1263, he died at the age of 43. The grief of all the Russian people was inexpressible when they learned about the death of Alexander. The sun of the Russian land has set. The chronicle records: “There was a cry and a cry, and a groan such as had never happened before - so that the earth shook.”
The bright and glorious name of Alexander was always remembered by descendants in difficult times of enemy invasions. With his name on their lips, Russian soldiers went into battle. When Tsar Peter began the Northern War, he issued a decree so that all soldiers knew about the exploits of Alexander, the conqueror of the Swedes. By another decree, Peter introduced the Order of Alexander Nevsky. And, having conquered the ancient Russian lands from the Swedes, Tsar Peter ordered the tomb with the ashes of Alexander Nevsky to be moved to St. Petersburg.
During the Great Patriotic War, in 1942, the Order of Alexander Nevsky was also established to reward particularly distinguished generals and officers. The clergy and all of Russia canonized him as a saint and established the day of his memory as November 23.
Time has not preserved for us any accurate portrait of this man, but the good memory of the man makes descendants imagine him as beautiful. The glory of Alexander Nevsky is so great that icon painters and painters, knowing nothing about his real appearance, from century to century created the image of a mighty warrior with perfect facial features. (For example, “Alexander Nevsky” by Pavel Korin from the triptych “Departing Rus'”).
This is the great glory that Prince Alexander Nevsky left behind. He defeated the Swedes and the Teutons, and kept the Tatars from committing atrocities on Russian soil.
A little more than 100 years passed, and the descendant of Alexander Nevsky, Moscow Prince Dmitry, defeated the Horde on the Kulikovo Field. Alexander Nevsky's dreams came true: Rus' won a victory over its most fierce enemy.
Who will tell you how this battle took place? And why the prince Dmitry nicknamed Donskoy after this battle?
(the prince gathered an army from all Russian lands and went to the abbot of the Trinity Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh, to ask for advice and blessings. Sergius blessed the army. And the prince led his army against the enemy. And with him - two monks from the Trinity Monastery, two brothers - Oslyabya and Peresvet .
Near the Nepryadva River, which flows into the Don, two armies met in a field. First - the duel of BOGATYRS. Whoever wins will have luck on his side. But the forces of the Tatar hero and the Russian monk Peresvet turned out to be equal. They hit each other - and both collapsed dead.
And the brutal battle began! The Horde fought for booty, and the Russians fought for their native land. The battle on the Kulikovo field.
-
Who knows the names Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky?
( they gathered Russian people against the Polish-Lithuanian conquerors and liberated Moscow from the enemy during the “Time of Troubles”).
Did you know that on the way from Nizhny Novgorod, where the militia of Minin and Pozharsky came from, it stopped in Yaroslavl, to strengthen your strength? And for several months here was the temporary capital of the Russian state. Here was the government, the mint - coins were minted, from here decrees and letters were sent throughout Rus'.
Russian soldiers have always fought heroically and defended their land. Listen to this epic written by your peer Anna Chekasheva about Ivan the hero, protector of the whole Earth years of the Great Patriotic War wars, in which her great-grandfather took part, defending his hometown of Volgograd.
The girl says: I bow my head low to everyone who defended our Motherland. I dedicate my epic to them, the defenders of the Russian Land:
It was during the terrible years,
During the fierce war years...
How I went to our Russian Land
An evil German is an evil Hitlerite
And he gained strength in black and black
Ay, black and black, like a black crow.
And how did that villainous enemy become
Our dear Rus', our mother,
To trample and trample with a boot.
The Russian Land cried for a long time...
Not one day and not one year.
And the evil German is an evil Hitlerite -
He took all her sons and daughters,
He was rotted in the camps and shot.
And the Russian people suffered,
And the earth was burning with flames,
And I couldn’t pull myself together
Our soldier Ivan is the son of the people...
He was kind, honest, brave,
He loved his people, he loved the Russian Land.
An evil enemy, a fierce villain, angered him.
With a right fight, with a great battle,
Having collected the people's strength,
Ivan began to beat the sworn enemy,
An evil German - a fierce villain,
Drive him away from our mother Volga.
For a long time he was driven from the land of Stalingrad...
The German stumbled, ran and died, the abomination.
And Ivanushka liberated the Volga land,
And then all the Russians from the enemy.
And to this day our people celebrate the Victory,
Glorifies the Battle of Stalingrad,
Russian land, Orthodox!
Be worthy of the memory of our heroes, heroes. Love the Russian land.
Today they answered all the questions very well.....
We present them with small prizes - IMAGES OF ARMOR AND WEAPONS OF ANCIENT RUSSIAN WARRIORS; game "Tales of Russian heroes."
Literature.
1. Dobrynya Nikitich. Alesha Popovich. Retold by E. Grigorieva. M.: White City. 1997.
2. Ilya Muromets. Retold by N. Nadezhdin. M.: White City. 2003
3. Istomin S. Minin and Pozharsky. M. 2006.
4. Lubchenkov Yu. Russian commanders. M.: White City. 2002.
5.Lupoyadova L.Yu., Lupoyadov V.N. Visiting history. M.:Rusich.2000.
6. Orlova N. Heroes of Russian epics. M.: White City. 2004.
7.Russian commanders. Ed. B.A. Almazova. SPb.: “Golden Age”. "Diamond". 1999.
8. Tikhomirov O. Epic heroes // Reader. 2008. No. 8. P. 18-19.
9. Tikhomirov O. Alexander Nevsky. M.: Publishing house "Selskaya Nov". 1997.
10. Tolstoy L. Epics. M.: Children's literature. 1984.
11. Yakhnin L. Myths and heroes of Ancient Rus'. M.: “Dragonfly Press” 2005.
Applications.
1. Tikhomirov O. Epic heroes.// Reader. 2008.No. 8. P.18-19.
2.Chekasheva A. Bylina about the Russian land. //Oh Russian land. 2008. No. 3. P. 24.
3.Prize - “Tales of Russian heroes.” Rules of the game and the game.//Reader. 2008. No. 8. pp. 30 – 31.
4.Prize - “Images of weapons and armor of ancient Russian warriors.”
5. The origin of the word “hero”. http://wikipedia.ru.
Compiled by: Head of Department of Branch No. 10
Fesenko Marina Leonidovna
At Titov Stream
(historical and poetic hour).
Target:
Give students an idea of the national holiday;
Introduce us to the pages of our history;
Bring children to understand the meaning of the holiday;
Cultivate a caring attitude towards people around you;
Present the history of the Yaroslavl region during the period of Polish intervention;
Preparatory work:
Equipment:
Book exhibition “Do not fall into oblivion”
Quote: “As long as we are united, we are invincible!”
Sections:
"National Unity Day"
"Field of Russian Glory"
"Yaroslavl region and Polish intervention"
Historical information about persons participating in the events of the Time of Troubles.
(Participants prepare together with a librarian)
Handout:
“Glory” from M. Glinka’s opera “Ivan Susanin” - text;
National Anthem of the Russian Federation - text;
Glossary of terms;
Crossword “Coat of arms and flag”
Recording a soundtrack of musical fragments for the event.
Decoration of the hall.
LeadingI:
By presidential decree in 2005, a new law “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia” was adopted. One of these days is “National Unity Day”
The phonogram of the overture to the opera by M.I. Glinka “Life for the Tsar” “Glory to...”
LeadingI:
Guys, a chorus of jubilant “Glory!..” sounded, and there was a riotous ringing of bells from the opera “A Life for the Tsar” by the great Russian composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. His opera expresses the tragedy of the freedom-loving peasant and at the same time the tragedy of the strength of the Russian people. The people - liberator.
It is no coincidence that the Russian proverb “As long as we are united, we are invincible” was chosen as a quote for the exhibition “Do not consign to oblivion.”
Today we will take you on an excursion into the history of our Motherland. The events that will be discussed took place several centuries ago, but the unity of the people, their power and strength in the fight for a just cause is always relevant.
LeadingII:
So, let's mentally transport ourselves to the beginning of the 17th century. After the death of Ivan the Terrible, the Moscow throne began to shake. The king had three sons. The eldest died. The middle one, frail and weak, did not reign for long. What happened to the youngest, Dmitry, is not known. Either he died of illness or due to an accident. And there was a rumor among the people: of course, they killed the royal child! And the murderer is the one who became king instead of Dmitry: Boris Fedorovich Godunov! Boris Godunov did a lot of good for the country, and planned even more. But the people never forgave him for the death of Tsarevich Dmitry. And then there’s crop failure and famine. Who's to blame? Of course, the murderer king: God is punishing him! And a terrible time began in the Russian state, which was called the Time of Troubles.
LeadingI:
It began with the fact that a fugitive monk suddenly showed up in Lithuania and called himself Tsarevich Dmitry, who miraculously escaped! Marked in history as False Dmitry I.
Historical information No. 1 (False Dmitry I)
LeadingII:
The Polish king Sigismund III decided “It’s time to overthrow Boris and install his own man as king in Moscow.” The Poles understood how beneficial it would be for them to support False Dmitry I. But it’s not a sin to have “their” person next to him,” Marina Mnishek became such a person.
Historical information No. 2 (Marina Mnishek)
LeadingI:
Who is False Dmitry II?
Historical information No. 3 (False Dmitry II)
LeadingI:
False Dmitry was finished, but the ruined Russian state was on the verge of destruction. On July 19, 1610, Tsar Vasily Shuisky was overthrown from the throne by traitor boyars and was forcibly tonsured a monk. The country was invaded by Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The most difficult time of interregnum and popular uprising in Rus' began, the earth began to burn under the feet of the invaders. Ryazan resident Prokopiy Lyapunov gathered the first militia and moved towards Moscow.
The Poles and traitor boyars were frightened and drew up a letter with an order to disband the militia. And they went to Patriarch Hermogenes: “You are the most important in the Russian Church. People will listen to you. Sign the letter!” The patriarch refused and called on the Russian people to oppose the invaders. Lyapunov's militia was small and could not take Moscow. But the patriarch’s call spread throughout all Russian cities. They also heard it in Nizhny Novgorod. The local merchant Kozma Minin gave a fiery speech at the gathering. Minin told his fellow citizens:
Folk song: “Leave your homes...”
LeadingI:
Nizhny Novgorod townspeople instructed Minin to lead the new militia. In history, this is considered the second militia. An experienced military commander was also needed. This was Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.
Historical information No. 4 (Kozma Minin)
Historical information No. 5 (Dmitry Pozharsky)
LeadingII:
The militia moved to Moscow along a long route: Nizhny Novgorod - Yaroslavl - Moscow. Along the way, the militia grew, people flocked from everywhere.
Let's look at the history of our city during this period.
LeadingII: Yaroslavl was one of the richest trading Russian cities, which is why it attracted invaders so much. The second impostor even sent a letter: “Take all kinds of goods from the Yaroslavl residents for the king.”
The Poles defeated Rostov. The news of this frightened the Yaroslavl governor Baryatinsky, and he decided to surrender the city without a fight. The invaders robbed and ruined the urban and rural population and imposed heavy taxes on them. An attempt at resistance by the Yaroslavl residents led to brutal reprisals against them.
In February-April 1609, uprisings took place in Vologda, Galich, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Romanov, Mologa, and Rybnaya Sloboda. In April, the Vologda militia under the leadership of governor Nikita Vysheslavtsev approached Yaroslavl.
The phonogram “Blagovest” (Ringing of bells) sounds
Historical information No. 6 (Nikita Vysheslavtsev)
LeadingI:
Let's add some facts to the historical background. (Excerpt from a book
Genkina L.B. from pp. 110-111)
LeadingII: Embittered by failures, the enemy approached Rublennoye Gorod and Spasskaya
monasteries and firmly held these points under siege, smashing the walls. But stuck in
in the monastery, the army bravely repelled all attacks, and the efforts of Northern Rus'
retreated from our city. Voivodes Nikita Vysheslavtsev and Sila Gagarin,
the clergy and all Yaroslavl residents decided to commemorate the deliverance from enemies
erect a temple, dedicating it to the Kazan Mother of God and place it in
Bogatyrs are the epic defenders of the Russian Land, “superheroes” of the Russian people for many centuries. Let's remember the main ones.
1. Ilya Muromets. Holy hero
Ilya Muromets is canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church; he is the main Russian hero. Ilya Muromets is the main character not only of Russian epics, but also, for example, of German epic poems of the 13th century. In them he is also called Ilya, he is also a hero, yearning for his homeland. Ilya Muromets also appears in the Scandinavian sagas, in them he is, no less, the blood brother of Prince Vladimir.
2. Bova Korolevich. Lubok hero
Bova Korolevich was the most popular hero among the people for a long time. Popular folk tales about the “precious hero” were published in hundreds of editions from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Pushkin wrote “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, partially borrowing the plot and names of the heroes of the fairy tales about the Boy Korolevich, which his nanny read to him. Moreover, he even made sketches of the poem “Bova,” but death would prevent him from finishing the work.
The prototype of this knight was the French knight Bovo de Anton from the famous chronicle poem Reali di Francia, written in the 14th century. In this respect, Bova is a completely unique hero - a visiting hero.
3. Alyosha Popovich. Junior
“The youngest of the younger” heroes, and therefore his set of qualities is not so “Superman”. He is not even a stranger to vice: cunning, selfishness, greed. That is, on the one hand, he is distinguished by courage, but on the other hand, he is proud, arrogant, abusive, perky and rude.
4. Svyatogor. Mega-hero
Mega-hero. But a hero of the “old world.” The giant, the elder hero the size of a mountain, whom even the earth cannot support, lies on the mountain in inaction. The epics tell of his meeting with earthly cravings and death in a magical grave.
Many features of the biblical hero Samson were transferred to Svyatogor. It is difficult to determine exactly its ancient origins. In the legends of the people, the veteran hero transfers his strength to Ilya Muromets, the hero of the Christian century.
5. Dobrynya Nikitich. A well-connected hero
Dobrynya Nikitich is often correlated with the chronicle Dobrynya, the uncle of Prince Vladimir (according to another version, nephew). His name personifies the essence of “heroic kindness.” Dobrynya has the nickname “young”, with enormous physical strength “he wouldn’t hurt a fly”, he is the protector of “widows and orphans, unfortunate wives.” Dobrynya is also “an artist at heart: a master of singing and playing the harp.”
6. Duke Stepanovich. Bogatyr Major
Duke Stepanovich comes to Kyiv from conventional India, behind which, according to folklorists, in this case the Galician-Volyn land is hidden, and organizes a marathon of boasting in Kyiv, undergoes tests from the prince, and continues to boast. As a result, Vladimir finds out that Duke is indeed very rich and offers him citizenship. But Duke refuses, because “if you sell Kyiv and Chernigov and buy paper for an inventory of Dyukov’s wealth, there won’t be enough paper.”
7. Mikula Selyaninovich. Bogatyr Plowman
Mikula Selyaninovich is a bogatyr agrarian. Found in two epics: about Svyatogor and about Volga Svyatoslavich. Mikula is the first representative of agricultural life, a powerful peasant plowman.
He is strong and resilient, but homely. He puts all his strength into farming and family.
8. Volga Svyatoslavovich. Bogatyr magician
Supporters of the “historical school” in the study of epics believe that the prototype of the epic Volga was Prince Vseslav of Polotsk. Volga was also correlated with the Prophetic Oleg, and his campaign in India with Oleg’s campaign against Constantinople. Volga is a difficult hero; he has the ability to become a werewolf and can understand the language of animals and birds.
9. Sukhman Odikhmantievich. Insulted hero
According to Vsevolod Miller, the prototype of the hero was the Pskov prince Dovmont, who ruled from 1266 to 1299.
In the epic of the Kyiv cycle, Sukhman goes to get a white swan for Prince Vladimir, but on the way he comes into conflict with the Tatar horde, who are building Kalinov bridges on the Nepra River. Sukhman defeats the Tatars, but in the battle he receives wounds, which he covers with leaves. Returning to Kyiv without the white swan, he tells the prince about the battle, but the prince does not believe him and imprisons Sukhman in prison until clarification. Dobrynya goes to Nepra and finds out that Sukhman did not lie. But it's' too late. Sukhman feels disgraced, peels off the leaves and bleeds. The Sukhman River begins from his blood.
10. Danube Ivanovich. Tragic hero
According to epics about the Danube, it was from the blood of the hero that the river of the same name began. The Danube is a tragic hero. He loses to his wife Nastasya in an archery competition, accidentally hits her while trying to get even, finds out that Nastasya was pregnant and stumbles upon a saber.
11. Mikhailo Potyk. Faithful husband
Folklorists disagree on who should be associated with Mikhailo Potyk (or Potok). The roots of his image are found in the Bulgarian heroic epic, and in Western European fairy tales, and even in the Mongolian epic “Geser”.
According to one of the epics, Potok and his wife Avdotya Swan Belaya make a vow that whichever of them dies first, the second one will be buried alive next to him in the grave. When Avdotya dies, Potok is buried nearby in full armor and on horseback, fights the dragon and revives his wife with his blood. When he himself dies, Avdotya is buried with him.
12. Khoten Bludovich. Bogatyr-groom
The hero Khoten Bludovich, for the sake of his wedding with the enviable bride Chaina Chasovaya, first beats her nine brothers, then an entire army hired by his future mother-in-law. As a result, the hero receives a rich dowry and appears in the epic as the hero “who married well.”
13. Vasily Buslaev. Zealous hero
The most daring hero of the Novgorod epic cycle. His unbridled temper leads to conflict with the Novgorodians and he desperately rages, bets that he will beat all the Novgorod men on the Volkhov Bridge and almost fulfills his promise - until his mother stops him.
In another epic, he is already mature and goes to Jerusalem to atone for his sins. But Buslaev is incorrigible - he again takes up his old ways and dies absurdly, proving his youth.
14. Anika warrior. Bogatyr in words
Anika warrior is still called today a person who likes to show off his strength far from danger. Unusual for a Russian epic hero, the name of the hero was most likely taken from the Byzantine legend about the hero Digenis, who is mentioned there with a constant epithet anikitos.
Anika the warrior in the verse boasts of strength and offends the weak, death itself shames him for this, Anika challenges her and dies.
15. Nikita Kozhemyaka. Wyrm Fighter
Nikita Kozhemyaka in Russian fairy tales is one of the main characters-snake fighters. Before entering into battle with the Serpent, he tears 12 skins, thereby proving his legendary strength. Kozhemyaka not only defeats the Snake, but also harnesses him to a plow and plows the land from Kyiv to the Black Sea. The defensive ramparts near Kiev got their name (Zmievs) precisely because of the actions of Nikita Kozhemyaka.
Summary of an open lesson for children 6-7 years old "Epic heroes - defenders of the Russian land"
Annotation:The teachers of our group seriously thought about how to revive the work of developing patriotic feelings in children and developed a long-term project “Russia - a journey into the past”, which covers topics of history, tradition and culture of Russia:
“The history of the emergence of Rus'”, “Epic heroes - the first defenders of the Russian land”, “Great Dukes of Rus'”, “Peter the Great”, “Commanders and Heroes”, “Life and way of life of our ancestors”, “Folk traditions and crafts”, “ Heroes of the Great Patriotic War"
Currently, life dictates the need to return to the priorities of love for the Fatherland. However, an analysis of the current situation shows that children, starting from preschool age, suffer from a lack of knowledge about the outstanding defenders of the Fatherland, about the events of the military history of our country, about the achievements and greatness of Russia’s historical past.
It is important to convey to children the idea: after many, many years, people remember historical events, the terrible war years, honor the memory of those who died, and surround with attention and love the people who defended our Motherland.
In this regard, the acquaintance of preschool children with the life of ancient Rus', its heroes, generals, and heroic events that took place in Russia is of particular importance.
I present to your attention the final event on the theme of the month “Epic heroes - defenders of the Russian land.”
Children's age: 6-7 years.
Program content:
1. To form an idea of the heroic past of the Russian people of Ancient Rus', the great Russian heroes.
2. To revive the idea of the epic, about the epic heroes - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Nikita Kozhemyakin, Mikul Selyaninovich, Svyatogor, Goryn, Dubyn, Usyn.
3. Form an idea of the Bogatyr - the Element and of the Bogatyr - the Man.
4. Arouse interest in the language of epics, tales, songs, legends about Russian heroes.
5. Enrich the children’s vocabulary with nouns: hero, epic, storyteller, chain mail, shield, sword, helmet, equipment, armor, mace, bridle, stirrups, scabbard.
6. Foster a sense of pride in the heroic strength of Russia, respect for Russian soldiers, and a desire to imitate them.
Activities: gaming, communicative, educational, productive, musical and artistic. Main educational area: socio-communicative development
Integrated educational areas: communication, cognition - the formation of a holistic picture of the world, artistic creativity, physical education.
Preliminary work.
1. Work on the selection of illustrative material on the topic “Epic heroes - defenders of the Russian land.”
2. Examination of reproductions of paintings by V. M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs”, “Knight at the Crossroads”, “Massacre”, “Bayan”. K. Vasiliev “Nastasya Mikulishna”, “Battle on Kalinov Bridge”, I.Ya. Bilibin “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”; "Svyatogor the hero and Ilya Muromets"
3. Listening to fragments of works: A. Borodin “Heroic Symphony”, M.P. Mussorgsky “Bogatyr Gate”, the sound of festive bells; song by A. Pakhmutova “Heroic Strength”
4. Reading Russian epics and fairy tales “How Ilya Muromets became a hero”, “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale - the Robber”, “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmeevich”, “Dobrynya and the Serpent”, “Svyatogor”, “Volga and Mikula Selyanovich”, “ Sadko", "Nikita Kozhemyaka", etc.
5. Listening to the recording of the epic “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”
6. Book exhibition:
"Tales of Russian heroes." Moscow LLC "House of Slavic Books", 2007
O. Tikhomirov “On the Kulikovo Field.” Ed. “Baby”, Moscow, 1980.
L. Obukhov “Zvanko – the son of Dobrila.” Ed. “Baby”, Moscow, 1998.
N.F. Vinogradova, L.A. Sokolova “My country is Russia.” Moscow, ed. "Enlightenment", 2005.
G.V. Syomkin, Atlas “The Country in which I live.” Ed. "Rosman", Moscow, 2004.
Reader on literature. Ed. "Children's book", Saratov, 1994.
7. Educational games
Album "Epic Bogatyrs"
Albums on a printed basis "Great military custom", "Russian heroes"
D/I "Equipments of a hero", "Heroes of Russian epics"
Presentation - quiz "Bogatyrs of the Russian Land"
8. Activating the dictionary:
Warrior, hero. Bogatyr - element, epic, storyteller, chant, knight, oratay, chain mail, harness, shield, sword, helmet, equipment, armor, bridle, harness, mace, plowman, scabbard, amulet.
9. Reading and memorizing proverbs and sayings about the strength, courage and bravery of Russian heroes.
10. Design of the “Mini-Museum”:
Clothes of heroes, shields, swords, helmets;
family tree oak (drawn);
panel “Russian heroes”;
children's drawings, applications.
11. Learning the roles of dramatization and dance with children.
Materials and equipment: Illustrations of the heroes of Ancient Rus', evil spirits: Nightingale the Robber, Snake Gorynych. Cards with images of clothing (shirt, chain mail, helmet, weapons of heroes (sword, mace, flail, shield), costumes of heroes, cards with images of items of modern clothing, musical and artistic aids, as well as materials for productive activities: templates for appliqué, glue, oilcloth. Oak leaves made of paper.
Abstract "Epic heroes-defenders of the Russian land"
Educator. Guys, we live in a country that has an amazingly beautiful name. What is the name of our country?Children: Our country is called Russia.
Educator. There are many wonderful countries on Earth, people live everywhere, but Russia is the only, extraordinary country, because it is our Motherland. How do you understand the word Motherland?
Children: Motherland means dear. Like mother and father.
Educator: Go to the map. Look, please, what is our Motherland like?
Children. Big, huge, immense, beautiful, rich. There are oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, mountains, forests and fields. Russia is the biggest country in the world.
Educator. Do you think our Motherland has always been like this?
Children. She was smaller. Not so beautiful. Not many people lived here.
Educator. More than a thousand years ago the Russian state was formed. It was called Rus'. It was small at first, but for our Slavic ancestors it was the Motherland.
Look around, what do you think we will talk about today?
Children: We will talk about the past of our Motherland, because the map of Rus' is depicted. And also about the heroes, because... here are books about heroes, paintings, heroic clothing.
Educator: That's right, guys, today we will travel back to the past of Russia. In Rus' we have a lot of forests, rivers, animals and plants. So all these riches have long attracted our enemies - they wanted to take possession of our lands. In ancient times, enemy raids posed a great danger to Russian lands: they went to Rus', ravaged villages and hamlets, took women and children captive, and took away looted wealth.
A girl comes out in a Russian national costume.
Girl: Hello, good fellows and beautiful girls!
Children say hello.
Girl: Life is good in Mother Rus', our country is great and powerful, spread widely across fields and forests. There is a lot of wealth here, a lot of red fish, valuable fur, a lot of berries and mushrooms... It just became restless in the kingdom - our state. Dark forces and all sorts of evil spirits have gotten into the habit of attacking us...
There are sounds of howling, whistling, horses trampling, screams (musical accompaniment - Appendix 1)
Educator: Guys! What a disaster! Evil spirits have attacked us, they will chop down our fellows and impose tribute on us. And to find out who it is, you need to solve riddles:
Nightingale whistle
Eagle's gaze
Not a beast, not a hunter
A (nightingale the robber)
Because of the hills and fields
A certain beast appeared
He breathed fire into his nostrils
Night became like day
He stole the fun
Dragged into the oak grove
(Dragon)
-What do we do? Who will help us now?
A bell rings (musical accompaniment - Appendix 2).
Child: Let’s ring the alarm now and call the heroes. The bell has been helping people for a long time; when trouble happens, it immediately rings and calls everyone for help...
Music is heard, the song “Bogatyrskaya” by A. Pakhmutova begins (musical accompaniment - Appendix 3, Dance of the Heroes).
Educator: And here are our defenders! Guys, do you know who this is?
Children: These are heroes...
Educator: Who are the heroes?
Children: These are people who protect our Motherland from enemies.
Conversation about Bogatyr - Elements.
Educator: Guys, according to legends and epics, what kind of heroes existed?
Children: Bogatyrs are elements and bogatyrs are people.
Educator: The hero - the element was a hero - a giant. Remember which of the heroes - giants was Bogatyr - Element?
Children: This is a hero - the elements Svyatogor, Gorynya, Dubynya, Usynya.
Educator: Tell us about these heroes. Who were Gorynya, Dubynya, Usynya and Svyatogor?
Children answer with a pre-learned text
1. Gorynya walked through the mountains, turned up stones, broke mountains, felled trees. Gorynya was a mountain giant.
2. Dubynya was a forest giant. In his forests, he behaved like a caring owner - he straightened the oaks. Whichever oak was tall, it pushed into the ground, and whichever was low, it pulled out of the ground.
3. Usynya is a river giant. He himself is a sonny as long as a fingernail, a beard as long as an elbow, but a mustache of incredible length, dragging along the ground. The son-in-law has stolen the river with his mouth, cooks and eats on his tongue, dammed the river with one mustache, and in another way it’s as if people on foot are walking across a bridge, horsemen are galloping, carts are driving.
4. Svyatogor. This is also a hero - an element. Russian hero, enormous height, incredible strength. Taller than the dark forest, his head props up the clouds. But here’s the problem: the earth doesn’t support him, only the stone cliffs don’t collapse or fall under his weight. It’s hard for Svyatogor because of his strength.
Educator: With whom did Svyatogor share his heroic power?
Children: With Ilya Muromets. They fraternized with him and became like brothers.
Educator: What did Svyatogor teach Ilya Muromets?
Children: How to wield a sword, stab with a spear, hit with a club.
Educator: What did Svyatogor give to Ilya Muromets?
Children: his treasure sword so that he can wield heroic strength.
Educator: Where did the giant heroes disappear to?
Children: The legends say that they died fighting giant snakes, others died of hunger, unable to feed themselves. All of them became heroes of heroic fairy tales.
Educator: The giant heroes were replaced by new heroes. That is why in the epics Svyatogor dies. The hero - the elements - was replaced by the hero - man.
Now let’s imagine that we are heroes
Dynamic pause. Game – exercise “Bogatyrs”
Let's stand together one-two-three- (Children walk in place)
We are now heroes! (Arms bent at the elbows, showing strength)
We imagine a palm to the eyes, (the right hand is brought with the visor to the eyes)
Let's spread our strong legs, (Legs to the sides)
Turning to the right, let's look around majestically. (Turn to the right)
And you also need to look to the left from under your palms. (The left hand is brought up to the eyes with the visor, turn left)
Bend left and right (Hands on waist, tilt left and right)
It turns out great! (Hands up)
Conversation about Bogatyr - Man.
Educator: What other heroes do you know?
Children: Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich, Nikita Kozhemyakin, Volga Vseslavevich, Mikula Selyaninovich.
Educator: How did we know about these heroes?
Children: From epics, fairy tales.
Educator: What is an epic?
Children: The epic comes from the word byl, it was.
Educator: Who composed the epics about heroes?
Children: Storyteller.
Educator: How did the narrator tell Bylin?
Children: A storyteller went from village to village and told in a sing-song voice (like a song) about heroic heroes and their exploits.
Educator: Tell us about the heroes you know.
Three heroes come out (three children in suits, bow low, introduce themselves:
1. I am Ilya, a Russian hero from the city of Murom. That’s why my name is Ilya Muromets. For thirty years I sat on the stove, I lived without grieving. When I heard that filthy infidels had come to our land, I hastened to help you
2. And I, Dobrynya Nikitich, am smart, stocky and strong. We won’t let you offend us, we’ll show them that... .
3. I am Alyosha Popovich, the priest’s son, ready to faithfully and truly protect and protect from foreign invaders...
Educator: That's right, guys. Bogatyrs are people of enormous strength, stamina, and courage who perform feats. The heroes have always protected our Motherland from enemies, even a bird cannot fly past them, an animal cannot pass by... and even more so the enemy cannot pass... Guys, we have read a lot of fairy tales and epics about warriors and defenders of the Russian land. Let's remember what these works are called?
Children: “How Ilya Muromets became a hero”, “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale - the Robber”, “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmeevich”, “Dobrynya and the Serpent”, “Svyatogor”, “Volga and Mikula Selyanovich”, “Sadko”, “Nikita” Kozhemyaka"
Educator: Now, together with the heroes, we’ll do a warm-up.
Fizminutka
This is what a hero he is...
He is strong, he is healthy...
He shot from a bow...
He threw his club accurately...
On the border stood...
Watched vigilantly...
We'll grow up and look
Let's become like heroes!
Educator:
-Well, it’s time to test our heroic strength! Let's play the game "Tug of War"
Outdoor game "Tug of war": children are divided into two teams and, at the teacher’s signal, begin to compete in tug of war.
Educator: How strong and brave you are... Thank you everyone, take your seats.
Educator: Guys, now I’ll tell you riddles.
Such a shirt is not knitted or sewn, it is woven from iron rings. (Chain mail)
Why do the heroes need it?
She protected the heroes from blows from spears, arrows and swords.
The chain mail weighed 7 kilograms.
An iron cap with a sharp end, and in front a beak hanging over the face. (Helmet)
The helmet was made of metal and decorated with ornaments and patterns. And those who were richer decorated their helmets with gold and silver plates. The helmet protected the head of a warrior - a hero from blows.
A weapon is not easy to pick up, not easy to pick up and hold in your hand. It was easy to blow their heads off their shoulders... Well, guess what? Of course... (Sword)
The sword was the main weapon of warriors - heroes and warriors - warriors at that time in Rus'. The sword was also called a mace. The sword was a Russian weapon. An oath was taken on swords, the sword was revered. It was an expensive weapon and was passed down from father to son. The sword was worn in a sheath so that it would not rust (showing the sword and scabbard). The sword handle and scabbard were decorated with ornaments and patterns. Patterns on the scabbard and hilt of the sword were applied not only for the purpose of decoration, but also for the purpose of assisting its owner, who wields the sword.
To protect his chest from enemy blows, you know this for sure, the hero has a heavy, shiny and round one hanging on his left hand... (Shield)
What other armor do heroes have?
Shields, bow, quiver with arrows, flail, club, axe, sword - mace...
Educator: How do heroes choose their horses?
Children:
- And they choose horses to match themselves... strong and restive, hardy and brave. And if the horses were skinny and weak, they would not have stood them?
Educator: Thank you for the story! Guys, now let’s help the hero get ready for his journey.
Didactic game “Gather the hero for the journey” Cards are distributed with images: a heroic helmet, a hat with earflaps, a Roman helmet, a German helmet, chain mail, a jacket, a tie, a shirt, iron armor and weapons: a saber, a sword, a mace, a flail, scissors , pistol, machine gun, dagger, etc. (Appendix 4) And children are asked to choose the correct option.
Educator: Tell me guys, which famous artists, famous artists, glorified the exploits of Russian heroes in their paintings?
Children:
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov in the film “Bogatyrs”.
Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich in the film: “Fight with the Serpent”
K. Vasiliev “Nastasya Mikulishna”, “Battle on Kalinov Bridge”,
AND I. Bilibin “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”; "Svyatogor the hero and Ilya Muromets"
(the teacher accompanies the children’s answers by showing reproductions of paintings)
Educator: What proverbs speak of strength and courage?
Children:
- Think with your head, but fight with your strength.
- Life is given for good deeds.
- Perish yourself - but help your comrade
- Live - Serve the Motherland.
- Your own land is sweet in a handful.
“It’s not the armor that makes a hero, but his deeds.”
Educator: Our fascinating journey into the past has come to an end. Today we learned a lot about the life of our ancestors - the Slavs, we played - we managed to overcome all the difficulties and obstacles and even helped the heroes cope with evil spirits.
and we will remember what legacy the heroes left for us, their descendants:
– Defend your homeland, take care of it. Protect the weak, the poor, the elderly and children, Be strong, brave, courageous, courageous. To love your native land, your people, your country and your Motherland.
And strong, mighty heroes
in glorious Rus'!
Don't allow enemies to gallop across our Earth!
Don't trample them under horses
Russian Land
They will not outshine our red sun!
Rus' stands a century - it does not waver!
And it will stand for centuries without moving!
And the legends of antiquity
We must not forget.
Glory to Russian antiquity!
Glory to the Russian side!
And now I will give you the “Oak Leaf” talisman so that you will be brave, honest, kind and brave, like the epic heroes - defenders of the Russian land.
Matsneva I.N. MBOU "Ozerskaya Secondary School"
Topic: Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land.
(Tcreative playground “I amRussian citizen")
Goals:
To form an idea of the heroic past of the Russian people of Ancient Rus', the great Russian heroes - defenders of the Russian land.
To introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture.
To consolidate knowledge about the names of armor and weapons of the Russian hero, to expand and enrich the vocabulary of students.
Cultivate interest in Russian history and pride in one’s ancestors.
Excerpt from the cartoon “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent”
Teacher --- In ancient times, even in Ancient Rus', very strong people, heroes, stood guard over our Motherland at the outpost (border). They rode tirelessly on mighty horses, vigilantly peering into the distance to see if they could see enemy fires or hear the tramp of other people's horses.
- Guys, tell us what kind of work you did to find out who the heroes are?
There are dictionaries on the children's tables, they work with them.
1st group:
– - According to Ozhegov’s dictionary, a “hero” is a person of very great strength, stamina and courage.
And according to Dahl’s dictionary, a “hero” is a tall, portly, stalwart and prominent person, an extraordinary strongman.
Etymological dictionary - “hero” is a brave, valiant warrior.
Encyclopedic Dictionary - “bogatyrs” are strong people, heroes of folk tales, songs, and epics.
The second group looks for information on phones and tablets.
Replies @mail. ru- the word “hero” is an old Russian word meaning strongman, brave man.
Yandex dictionaries - the word “hero” is a warrior who is distinguished by unusual strength, courage, daring and intelligence.
From Wikipedia: “bogatyr” is a hero of Russian epics who performs military feats.
Group 3: did a survey among elementary school students.
Slide 1 Vasnetsov’s painting “Three Heroes”
The famous painting “Bogatyrs” was created in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow. This painting is often called “Three Heroes” today. Vasnetsov gave a description of the picture in a short but succinct remark: “The heroes Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha Popovich are on a heroic outing - they are noticing in the field whether there is an enemy somewhere, whether they are offending anyone.”
Work on the great canvas took the artist almost seventeen years, and it began with a pencil sketch in distant Paris. The artist had barely made the final touch when Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov bought the canvas for his collection. This is how this painting by Vasnetsov found its place in the Tretyakov Gallery. The three heroes still look at us from the wall of the famous gallery to this day.
Teacher --- For days and months, years and decades, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich protected their native land - all of them carried out military service in the steppe and in the open field. Occasionally they gathered in Prince Vladimir's courtyard to relax - to listen to the guslars, to talk with each other.
Teacher --- What can you tell us about the glorious Russian heroes?
1 student - “Like one red sun in the sky,
And there is only one in Rus', Ilya – Muromets.”
He sat in jail for thirty years, and passers-by cured him - they gave him some water to drink. Most of all, people loved and still respect this hero Ilya Muromets. He was even canonized as a Russian Saint, and his birthday remained in history - January 1. On the day when we celebrate the New Year, remember also that this is the birthday of Ilya Ivanovich, the great defender of the Russian land.
In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission conducted a study of the relics of St. Ilya of Muromets in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.
To obtain objective data, the most modern techniques and ultra-precise Japanese equipment were used. The results stunned scientists.
He was a powerful man, slanting fathoms in the shoulders, who died at the age of 45-55 years, 177 cm tall. In the 12th century, when Ilya lived, such a man was considered tall (the average height of a man at that time was 165 cm).
Traces of battles were found on Ilya’s bones - multiple fractures of the collarbones, broken ribs, marks from a blow from a spear, saber, and sword.
This confirmed the information that Ilya was a mighty warrior who took part in fierce battles.
In addition, researchers believe that, in full agreement with the works of oral folk art, Ilya actually could not walk for a long time, as he suffered a serious illness - bone tuberculosis or polio, which caused paralysis of his legs.
2 student - Dobrynya Nikitich bore the nickname “Quiet.” He was a good diplomat, knew how to approach each person in a special way. No wonder Prince Vladimir appointed him ambassador. From the age of 12, Dobrynya Nikitich played the harp, composed songs himself and played chess.
Dobrynya - from the Russian language - from kind. He does good - and this is one of the characteristic features of the mighty epic hero. Dobrynya fights with the Serpent Gorynych and frees the niece of Prince Vladimir, Zabava Putyaticna.
3rd student - son of the Rostov priest Leonty. The birth of Alyosha Popovich is accompanied by thunder; Alyosha the baby asks to be swaddled not with swaddling clothes, but with chain mail; then he immediately asks his mother for a blessing to walk around the world: it turns out that he can already sit on a horse and wield it, use a spear and saber, etc. , pressure, sharpness, resourcefulness, .
Physical education minute
They stood up together - one, two, three -
We are now heroes.
We'll put our palms to our eyes,
Let's spread our strong legs.
Turning to the right
Let's look around majestically.
And you need to go left too
Look from under your palms.
Leaned left, right
It turns out great!
Teacher--- How do you distinguish a hero from other people?ENVELOPES
(work in groups) - collect those pictures that relate to heroes, glue them onto cardboard, hang them on the board
Slide 2 - guslars
Teacher - The exploits of Russian heroes are described in epics.
4 student - Once upon a time there lived in Great Rus' people - songwriters and storytellers. They composed and sang and told epics - different stories about the Prince of Kyiv Vladimir the Red Sun, about battles with fierce enemies, about foreign and overseas kingdoms and states, about unprecedented miracles. And these epics were composed and circulated throughout Rus' - an uncountable number. The most famous singer-storyteller, whose name has come down to our time, of course, was Bayan.
Teacher - Monuments to heroes have been erected in many cities of Russia...
Slide 3 - MONUMENT TO SVYATOGOR IN YALTA
Slide 4 - MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMETS IN THE CITY OF MUROM, VLADIMIR REGION
Slide 5 - MONUMENTS TO ILYA OF MUROMETS IN VLADIVOSTOK AND THE CITY OF ZHELEZNOGORSK, KRASNOYARSK REGION.
Slide 6 - MONUMENT TO DOBRYNA NIKITICH IN P. SHILOVO, RYAZAN REGION.
Slide 7 - MONUMENTS TO THE THREE BOGATYRS IN KOZELSK, KALUGA REGION. AND IN THE CITY OF SAMARA.
Slide 8 - MONUMENT TO ALOSHA POPOVICH IN UDMURTIA
Centuries have passed. There are no such heroes
But the spirit of freedom in our souls is eternal.
And the heroic courageous light -
Unshakable, free, endless.
In the taiga, in the mountains, in the ice, among the seas,
At all posts of peace and freedom,
Do not count - O Rus'! - your heroes,
And their army is not destroyed year after year
Teacher - Russia has long been famous for its heroes. And not only the epic ones - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, but also the real ones - princes, generals, soldiers, athletes. Among the most famous classic wrestlers are the names
Slide 9 - loader Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny -
"champion of champions"He spent 45 years of his life on the wrestling mat and was defeated only once.
Slide 10 - Alexander Znamensky, performed record strength numbers,lifted the orchestra, carried the carousel, carried the piano with the person playing.
Slide 11,12 - Valentin Ivanovich DiKul (born 1947) - outstanding athlete of our time. He performed two unique strength acts in the circus arena: holding a metal “pyramid” weighing one ton on his body, and holding a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms). The uniqueness of these numbers is also in the fact that the athlete performed them after a spinal injury. For almost seven years he could not move. With the help of exercise equipment of his own design, he managed to restore his previous form. Now V.I. Dikul heads the Center for Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Injury and Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.
Teacher - Our native land can do anything!
Slide 13 - He can feed you warm and tasty bread,
Slide 14 - drink spring water,
Slide 15 - surprise with its beauty.
Slide 16 - And she just can’t protect herself...
Therefore, protecting the Fatherland and native land is the duty of those who eat its bread, drink its water, and admire its beauty!
Reflection Guys, on your tables there are illustrations depicting heroes. Discuss with the whole group, if you liked the lesson, place a color illustration on the board, if not, put a black and white one.
Quiz for 4th grade on the topic
"Russian bogatyrs"
1. What is the meaning of the word “hero”?
a) a very smart person
b) the person is very clever
c) the person is very strong
d) a very rich man
2. What are the names of Russian folk songs about the exploits of heroes?
a) story
b) chronicle
c) epic
d) story
3. What was the hero’s weapon?
a) gun
b) sword
c) spear
d) arquebus
4. Name the huge hero, whom “even the earth cannot support.”
a) Svyatogor
b) Ilya Muromets
c) Mikula Selyaninovich
d) Alyosha Popovich
5. From whom is Ilya Muromets saving the Russian land?
a) from Svyatogor
b) from the Nightingale the Robber
c) from Suhan
d) from Tugarin
6. Who had the fight with Tugarin?
a) at Ilya Muromets
b) from Volga Svyatoslavovich
c) at Alyosha Popovich's
d) at Dobrynya Nikitich's
7. Who did Dobrynya Nikitich fight with?
a) with Alyosha Popovich
b) with Zmey Gorynych
c) with Koshchei the Immortal
d) with the Nightingale the Robber
8. Which of the heroes of the Novgorod epics played the harp and visited the sea king?
a) Vasily Buslaev
b) Sadko
c) Svyatogor
d) Mikula Selyaninovich
9. Which of the heroes was a plowman?
a) Ilya Muromets
b) Svyatogor
c) Mikula Selyaninovich
d) Sadko
10. Who is the author of the painting “Bogatyrs”?
a) Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov
b) Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel
c) Vasily Ivanovich Surikov
d) Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi
Annex 1.
(texts of research work)
WORKING WITH DICTIONARIES
(1 group)
1. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Efremova’s dictionary: Bogatyr - 1. Russian epics and fairy tales.
2. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Ozhegov’s dictionary: Bogatyr perseverance, courage
3. The meaning of the word Bogatyr in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Bogatyr is the largest in the world around the city In Kazakhstan.
4. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Ushakov’s dictionary
Bogatyr - Russian epics, mainly performing military exploits.
5. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Dahl’s dictionary: Bogatyr - m. and prominent; strongman; And And
SURVEY RESULTS
(2nd group)
To the question “Who is a hero?” received the following responses: