Finishing work

in construction, a complex of construction works related to the external and internal finishing of buildings and structures in order to improve their operational and aesthetic qualities. O. r. are the final stage of construction; the overall assessment of the building or structure being put into operation largely depends on their high-quality implementation. To the main O. r. include: tiling work, plastering work, flooring (including parquet work), painting work, wallpaper work, glass work.

In the practice of modern construction of residential and public buildings. and industrial buildings production technology O. r. has changed significantly. Prefabricated large-sized elements, structures and factory-made parts delivered to construction sites are increasingly used. site in its final finished form (for example, wall and ceiling panels, sanitary cabins, window and door blocks, etc.), which significantly reduces the total volume of post-installation O. R. The industry has mastered the production of a number of effective finishing materials (See Finishing materials), which make it possible to abandon the most labor-intensive and time-consuming, so-called. “wet” processes and improve the quality of finishing (sheets of dry plaster, facing slabs and tiles made of plastic, moisture-resistant wallpaper, etc.).

O. r. at construction sites, they are carried out using a variety of mechanization means (mobile plastering and painting stations, units for installing floors made of polymer materials, puttying machines, grinding machines, trowels, electric spray guns, vibrating pumps, etc.), which significantly facilitate and speed up the processes of finishing buildings and reduce the number of technological operations.

One of the most labor-intensive species. R. - facing work, the purpose of which is to cover the front surfaces of structures with piece products made from natural or artificial materials. All cladding products are usually delivered to the construction site according to specified sizes, colors and textures, ready for use. Based on the type of products used and the methods of attaching them to surfaces, a distinction is made between external and internal cladding works.

External facing work comes down mainly to cladding the facades of buildings and structures with slabs and parts made of natural stone, facing bricks, ceramic stones, etc.; they are carried out, as a rule, from internal scaffolding (See Scaffolding) simultaneously with the laying of walls; the space between the wall and the cladding is filled with cement mortar. Sometimes stone cladding is done on finished walls; in this case, it is carried out from external scaffolding (see Scaffolding). The cladding is attached to the wall using mounting devices (so-called fasteners, embedded in holes drilled in the wall) and filling the cavities with mortar. Fastening of the cladding by means of steel bars or rods installed in the wall is also used (the so-called cladding on a wall). The design of the cladding must exclude the possibility of moisture penetration through the seams and joints of the cladding products.

For internal cladding work, which consists mainly of cladding walls, floors and ceilings, in modern mass construction a wide range of materials and products are used to diversify and improve the finishing of building interiors: ceramic and plastic tiles, particle boards, wood fiber and asbestos-cement boards (including . with an enameled surface), decorative plywood, laminated paper, decorative-acoustic boards, etc. Cladding work inside buildings is carried out, as a rule, after the completion of general construction work; Before starting work, all hidden wiring must be laid, the installation of risers and sanitary pipelines must be completed; The surfaces to be coated are leveled and dried, the products are sorted by shape, size and color; if necessary, the edges of the products are sanded and holes are drilled. The products are fastened with mortars, mastics, with the help of framing shaped layouts, with screws, and other methods.

Lit.: Building codes and regulations, part 3, section B, ch. 13. Finishing coatings for building structures, M., 1963; Blokhin S.N., Galaktionov A.A., Finishing materials and works, M., 1962; Goryachev V.I., Tile and mosaic facing works, M., 1972.

M. I. Kosyushko.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what “Finishing work” is in other dictionaries:

Plastering, facing, painting, wallpaper, parquet, glass, etc., related to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings (structures). A significant amount of finishing work is carried out in factories in the manufacture of large-sized prefabricated... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Plastering, facing, painting, wallpaper, parquet, glass, etc., related to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings (structures). A significant amount of finishing work is carried out in factories in the manufacture of large-sized prefabricated... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

In construction, a complex of works performed with the aim of increasing durability, improving operation, san. hygienic and decorative qualities of buildings and structures. K O. r. include plastering, painting, wallpaper, glass and stucco work, as well as... ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

Wallpaper works- – finishing work on wallpapering the walls of premises. [Terminological dictionary of construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] Term heading: Wallpaper Encyclopedia headings: Abrasive equipment, Abrasives, Roads, Automotive equipment... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

repair and construction work- Construction work to restore the operational functions of buildings and structures, including partial or complete replacement of structures, engineering equipment and finishing work [Terminological dictionary of construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS... ...

painting work- Finishing work on painting the surfaces of building structures and equipment, including preparatory operations, application of paint compositions and final finishing [Terminological dictionary of construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS... ... Technical Translator's Guide

wallpaper works- Finishing work on wallpapering the walls of premises [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] Topics: construction and installation work EN paperhangingpaperhanging work DE Tapeziererarbeiten FR travaux de… … Technical Translator's Guide

parquet work- Finishing work on laying floors made of piece, stacked and panel parquet or from parquet boards [Terminological dictionary of construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] Topics: construction and installation work EN parquet work DE... ... Technical Translator's Guide

glass works- Finishing work on glazing of light openings [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] Topics: construction and installation work EN glazing work DE Glaserarbeiten FR travaux de vitrerievitrerie ... Technical Translator's Guide

Finishing work on painting the surfaces of building structures and equipment, including preparatory operations, application of paint compositions and final finishing (Bulgarian language; Български) bojazhijski raboti (Czech language; Čeština)… … Construction dictionary

Not everyone knows that the concept of finishing work is very capacious and carries many differences when carrying out a planned cosmetic renovation of a room and during the final stage of construction, which, perhaps, will be akin to a comprehensive renovation.

In order to successfully cope with the task of finishing a room, you should first of all become familiar with the correct sequence of its implementation. Namely, timely carry out work on arranging waterproofing and insulation, then create the necessary conditions for working indoors in terms of temperature conditions, and only after that proceed directly to the finishing itself.

To implement it, there are options when the owner of the apartment plans to do all the work with his own hands, or he turns to professionals for the provision of such services. Of course, doing the work yourself will help you save a lot, but for this it would be nice to have certain skills in this area. Hiring specialists will cost more because in addition to this, you will bear the cost of purchasing the materials necessary for finishing, however, impeccable quality workmanship will be guaranteed.

A flawless finish requires careful planning

First of all, when approaching the issue of decorating a room, you should clearly decide what kind of room it should be. There is no need to rush into this. When everything is weighed and understood, you can convey your wishes to the specialists, who from that moment on will begin transforming your home.

Such work requires a competent approach to obtain a high-quality result. And this is nothing more than planning. Taking into account all your wishes, specialists will draw up a step-by-step action plan and work schedule. In addition, all necessary finishing materials will be calculated, which should be purchased in full, which will significantly speed up the work process. Also, having previously familiarized the customer with the list of services, company representatives draw up an estimate for finishing work. After agreeing on all organizational issues, the repair itself begins.

Finishing works: what do they include?

When, for example, a redevelopment is planned in an apartment, then first of all, according to its plan, all the necessary work should be carried out on the demolition and construction of wall partitions. The ceiling and walls often require a leveling procedure, after which they can be decorated. Then you should tackle the floor. As a rule, before laying the selected finishing option, the floor must also be leveled with a concrete screed.

Having thus prepared the room for the final finishing works, which will finally transform it externally and add functionality, you can directly tackle them.

Step-by-step plan for interior decoration

Before starting the mechanism of decorative finishing of the room, you should make sure that all the main construction work has been completed, the installation of communications and pipelines has been carried out in accordance with all the necessary requirements, and the procedure for leveling all surfaces has been carried out.

• Ceiling. Its finishing largely depends on your taste preferences or the designer’s ideas. Today, stretch ceilings are quite popular, which provide a lot of options for interior design, being multi-layered, multi-colored or single-color glossy with the wonderful possibility of arranging various lighting fixtures in them. Suspended ceilings made of plasterboard are also popular. Painted and whitewashed ceiling coverings also do not give up their positions.
• Walls. They are usually decorated with wallpaper, of which there are so many on the market today that it is difficult to list. This universal finishing material, having many years of traditions of using finishing, is constantly improving and is able to offer many original finishing options. These include liquid wallpaper and paintable wallpaper, textile and metallized. In addition, modern materials are easy to care for and durable.
• Floor. The modern market also offers numerous options for flooring, which are distinguished by their excellent quality, durability and remarkable aesthetic characteristics. A huge selection of laminate, parquet, linoleum, carpet or ceramic tiles for kitchen areas and bathrooms will depend only on your taste preferences and financial capabilities.

It is equally important to adequately decorate the façade of the building after completing the interior decoration. There are also quite a lot of possibilities and popular materials for this. One of the most popular cladding options today is plastic siding, since its cost is not too high, and the result looks great. For those who want to add respectability to their home, we can recommend cladding using decorative stone or ceramics.

When choosing finishing, both internal and external, you probably shouldn’t focus on saving money. After all, modern materials are durable, which means that you won’t have to replace them very often. However, their choice will determine what impression you will make on others.

Any construction is considered complete when turnkey finishing work is completed. This means that the exterior finishing of the house, its facade, interior decoration have been carried out in accordance with the intended design and the necessary utilities have been installed. In most cases, it is the finishing of the facade of a building that gives it a presentable appearance, regardless of the type of house and materials used in construction.

1.What is finishing work?

In general, construction and finishing work is a complex of works through which the following is carried out:

• Decorative design of the facade of a building or room
• Protection of the structures from which the building is constructed from the influence of the external environment (especially in the Chelyabinsk region)
• Thermal insulation of buildings and individual rooms
• Soundproofing - both the house as a whole and individual rooms
• Providing the home with the necessary utilities, such as plumbing, electrical wiring, ventilation, heated floors, Internet, etc.

Finishing work occupies a fairly significant place in the overall cycle of building construction and renovation of individual premises.

As a rule, repair and finishing work is carried out by specialists, since each type of finishing has its own nuances, and they can only be mastered with extensive experience.

In Chelyabinsk you can find a lot of companies engaged in finishing facades and premises. However, some types of work are quite within the capabilities of any craftsman.

2. Rough and finishing construction and finishing works

It is necessary to separate rough or preliminary finishing or repair work from finishing work. For example, plastering of brick walls can be carried out externally and internally. In the first case, plastering may be sufficient for the final finishing of the facade of the house, in the second case, subsequent plastering of the walls is necessary. But this can also be considered rough work if wallpaper is then glued to the walls.

The same applies to carrying out communications - drilling holes, tapping walls for electrical wiring, pouring concrete screed for the floor, sealing holes in the walls or plastering the slopes of window openings.

3.Types of finishing work

There are several main types of finishing, regardless of rough or fine:

1. Plastering works
2. Painting works
3. Floor screed
4. Glazing
5. Cladding of buildings and premises
6. Wallpapering
7. Electrical installation
8. Installation of plumbing, heating systems, etc.
9. Flooring
10. Ceiling installation

Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Plastering work is the application of special solutions to the surface, which harden and make the coating smooth, protected from external influences and suitable for final decoration. They are used at almost every stage of finishing, both external and internal. The roughest is plastering the outside of the house facade (for example, under siding), leveling the walls, preparing for putty, etc. For rough plastering work, the most common use is conventional cement-sand mortar, as the most inexpensive material. However, for each type of plastering work, depending on its complexity, a lot of ready-made mixtures are produced today.

The same applies to putty, with the help of which walls and other surfaces of the building are prepared for finishing. Sometimes the putty itself is already a finishing touch, for example, when applying decorative plaster.

When plastering and puttying work is carried out with special tools - a trowel, trowel, grout, falcon, etc. In principle, this is the simplest type of finishing work that anyone can master to save money.

Painting work is the application of paint, varnish or other decorative coatings to the surfaces being treated (walls, ceilings, floors).

These works, as a rule, are also subject to the master who knows how to hold tools in his hands - a paint brush, roller, or spray gun. The main thing is accuracy.

You also need to be able to properly prepare the surface for painting - remove chips, scratches, apply special compounds so that the finish coating is high-quality and durable.

In addition, you need to pay attention to the fact that painting work is considered the most toxic among other finishing works and requires caution and special equipment.

Concrete work that requires considerable physical training includes: screed floor - that is, leveling it for final finishing with boards or laminate.

Typically, the mortar for pouring floors is prepared from dry mixtures, which today are produced in a large assortment. For mixing, as in carrying out plastering work, mixtures are used with special construction mixers.

More complex procedures include glazing of facades and premises. You need to have the necessary skills, the ability to use a glass cutter, and treat the work carefully to avoid injuries. However, modern houses today are most often equipped with plastic windows, the installation of which is best entrusted to specialists from the relevant companies.

Cladding work is usually the most creative part of construction. They include the installation of siding and various decorative coatings both outside, facade, and inside the building. Cladding can include mosaics, which give any surface a special aesthetic appearance, or tile stickers, which are absolutely necessary in rooms with high humidity - bathrooms, toilets, and kitchens.

The most common type of interior decoration is wallpapering. Today there are a huge variety of them in types, colors, textures. The production technology of modern wallpaper, its types according to the type of walls today allow even a not very skilled person to carry out pasting; the main thing is to follow all the instructions and carry out the work carefully.

Electrical installations play a special role in the decoration of houses and premises. It is better to entrust this type of work to specialists - to eliminate injuries and so that, as they say, “everything works.”

Particularly labor-intensive procedures include installation of plumbing, heating and ventilation systems, and installation of heated floors. As a rule, these works are also entrusted to specialists, but you can master them yourself if you wish. This will save money during repairs and construction; it is only advisable to read the relevant training manuals.

You can also carry out finishing flooring yourself. The main thing is that the floor surface is perfectly flat. Modern types of linoleum, laminate, and parquet boards allow you to lay the floor quite quickly.

Finishing the ceiling usually comes down to plastering, puttying and sometimes painting. There are no particular difficulties when carrying out such work. However, today suspended ceilings are widespread, the installation of which is still best left to specialists.

4.Materials used in finishing works

We have examined the main types of repair and finishing work and have already mentioned some materials for their implementation. They can be broadly classified into:

• Dry mixtures for putty, plaster, screed
• Paints and varnishes - primers, paints, dry pigments, drying oil
• Plain or painted glass
• Floorboards, parquet, laminate, linoleum
• Electrical wires, electrical installation materials
• Plumbing, pipes.

5.Conclusion

Thus, finishing work is a very important and necessary stage of any construction and renovation.

As a rule, the cost of finishing can reach a third of the cost of the entire turnkey construction of a house. However, you can save money at any stage - if you choose the right organizations, order turnkey finishing works, or master certain types of work yourself.

In Chelyabinsk, many companies are engaged in finishing the facades of houses and renovating premises. High-quality work can be carried out in our company "K-Dom".

In any case, the finishing process itself will bring you moral satisfaction - to admire the fruits of your own labor or investment of money. And the more soul and money you put into it, the happier the result will be for you.

Building a house is a very important process, on which the reliability of operation in the future depends. Such work should only be carried out by specialists who have experience in performing it at each stage.

A very important role in this is played by finishing work, which is carried out almost upon completion of the main type of construction. This process has its own characteristics that every master should take into account during its implementation.

Main characteristics

Finishing work is the process of finishing both the internal and external surfaces of buildings to protect them from external influences. Such procedures combine not only protection, but also heat and sound insulation of walls.

This is a complex procedure that has its own distinctive features for each type of process. Completely different types of materials can be used here, from plaster to tiles and other products.

When performing such work, you should adhere to basic safety rules and use products that are non-toxic to humans. This factor is very important and plays a practically decisive role in the selection of materials.

Main types of finishing work

Since these processes can be performed for different types of surfaces, experts distinguish several types:

1. Glass work involves the final glazing of a building to limit external influences on the interior of the house. This process can be carried out both inside the building and outside, depending on the type of structure.
2. Plastering involves applying mortar to all major building components (walls, ceilings, etc.). For such purposes, several types of plasters can be used, which have different properties and purposes.
3. Cladding is a procedure for covering surfaces with special materials (tiles, plywood, etc.).
4. Painting works. Performing such a procedure involves applying different types of paint solutions to all types of surfaces in order to protect the base substance.
5. Wallpapering is a fairly simple type of work, but it is often carried out to obtain a decorative effect in a building.

All these types of processes may or may not be performed, depending on the specific type of building. There are many types of materials that are used to solve these problems and obtain high-quality coatings.

The features of one of the operations included in the finishing work can be seen in this video:

Finishing work is the final stage in the construction of buildings and structures. Their purpose is to give a building or structure a finished look.

The technical purpose of the finish is determined mainly by the relationship of structures with the external environment. Finishing coatings protect structures from moisture, corrosion, and mechanical destructive influences. They can also change the acoustic properties of rooms, their insolation, air exchange, etc.

Performance qualities are determined mainly by human economic activity. Finishing coatings must be resistant to mechanical stress, allow sanitary and hygienic treatment, be non-toxic, and also retain their original appearance for a long time.

According to technological characteristics, finishing work is divided into glass, plastering, tiling, painting, wallpaper and installation of clean floors.

Glass work is the construction process of filling the light openings of buildings. The product resulting from the completed process is called glazing. Work on glazing window openings and balcony doors, lantern frames of industrial and public buildings, greenhouse roofs, etc. are classified as external glazing.

External glazing also includes work on glazing shop windows and fencing of cultural and public institutions, combined with window openings.

Internal glazing is quite common, for example, glazing of translucent partitions, doors, transoms, as well as fences for shop windows and stained glass windows indoors. Plastering work is the coating of building structures and co-. weapons made of various materials with a layer of mortar. The finished hardened layer of such a coating is called plaster.

Depending on the functional purpose, plasters are classified into ordinary, decorative and special, each of which has its own characteristics in composition, method of preparing solutions and methods of work.

Conventional mortar plasters are used to obtain even, smooth surfaces.

Decorative plasters are used to produce relief, artistic or colored surfaces. These include plasters with stone chips, sgraffito, terrasite, thin-layer plasters based on colloid-cement glue, thin-layer synthetic, etc. Cladding work is the installation of a finishing layer from facing tiles and sheet materials on the internal surfaces of building structures (walls, ceilings, columns, facades, etc.). The purpose of the cladding is to create normal sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises being used, to protect building structures from atmospheric, mechanical and chemical influences, to reduce heat and sound conductivity, and to improve the aesthetic qualities of the finish.

Painting work is the application of a paint layer to the surface of parts of a building and structure, which forms a film when dried.

Depending on the purpose of buildings or structures and the requirements for finishing, the complexity of finishing is determined and the category of painting work is established. Regulatory documents for the production of finishing works establish three types of painting: simple, improved and high-quality.

Simple painting, as a rule, is used for finishing the surfaces of utility rooms, warehouses and other secondary premises and temporary buildings; improved - for finishing residential, office, educational and domestic premises of industrial and municipal enterprises; high-quality - for finishing clubs, theaters, train stations, administrative and other public buildings and structures. The higher the requirements for painting quality, the more technological operations are performed when preparing the surface for painting.

Depending on the location of the work and the nature of use of the finished surfaces, painting is divided into internal and external. As a rule, higher demands are placed on exterior painting in terms of weather and frost resistance, for example, for painting building facades or fencing of balconies and loggias.

Wallpapering is the application of wallpaper and synthetic films to the internal surfaces of parts of a building and structure. These works are carried out after painting, with the exception of final painting of joinery. Wallpaper and synthetic films are glued to various surfaces: concrete, plaster, wood, covered with cardboard, etc. Compared to painting, finishing rooms with wallpaper and synthetic films is characterized by a greater industrial and decorative quality.

The installation of clean floors is the work of laying and processing floor coverings. The coating has decorative functions as an element of the building's interior and is directly exposed to operational influences. The coating works against abrasion and in some cases provides heat and sound protection.

In modern construction, finishing work is carried out mainly by industrial methods. However, there is still a high level of manual labor. Labor costs for arranging finishes account for 30...35% of the labor intensity in the construction of buildings and structures. Therefore, the main direction for increasing the efficiency of finishing work should be further mechanization of technological processes at construction sites.