What determines the calorific value of natural gas? What is it about. Quality of natural gas supplied to consumers

23.09.2019

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Calculating the calorific value of gas is usually required by owners of houses and cottages for settlements with gas suppliers. In this case, blue fuel is used to maintain heat in the room and heat water, and these utilities are valued in Gcal.

You will need

Gas meter, gas calorimeter, gas consumption standard.

Variations according to supply pressure

The largest consumption sites of companies, local governments and condominiums are served with more high pressure flow rates: for 300 mbar, the following are average conversion factors. Regardless of which supplier and offer you choose, the ratio will be identical in a given location and at a given time. The government's response has been particularly evasive on an issue that remains unclear to the vast majority of consumers.

Conversion factor, alignment tool?

The conversion rate allows all French people to boil one liter of water at the same price at the same temperature and can therefore be seen as an equalization tool. gas consumption cancels this leveling effect. Coal is the main primary energy resource used during the Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth century. They continued to play a major role in the energy scene for the next 150 years. It was only in the twentieth century that petroleum products and natural gas gradually displaced coal from different areas industry.

Sponsor of the placement P&G Articles on the topic "How to convert gas to Gcal" How to calculate the volume of gas How to find the volume of gas under normal conditions How to find the internal energy of gas

Instructions

Take readings from the gas meter. Record the data obtained about the cubic meters used. To find out how much energy you consumed, you need to multiply readings taken on caloric content of fuel. Natural gas is a mixture of propane, butane and other compounds. Therefore in different regions the specific heat of combustion of its cubic meter can range from 7.6 thousand to 9.5 thousand kcal. According to the order of the Federal Tariff Service, a value of 7900 kcal is used for gas produced by Gazprom. For wholesale purchases, recalculation is provided for deviations from the norm. Convert the calories you receive into larger units. Gigacalories are 10 to the ninth power of calories. Or one followed by nine zeros. If you consumed 1000 cubic meters, then, taking into account possible fluctuations in the calorie content of gas, you should get from 7.6
9.5 Gcal. But such significant consumption for residential buildings With individual boilers not typical. Accordingly, the owner of the cottage will pay only for some part of the gigacalorie. Use a gas calorimeter to precise definition energy intensity of blue fuel. It is reasonable to do this for large volumes of consumption. Manufacturers of such devices focus primarily on large enterprises in the energy sector, ferrous metallurgy, oil production, oil refining, etc. It is required not only for calculations, but also for optimizing the gas-air ratio in heating burners and for controlling large gas flows. Make an approximate calculation of the gas calories consumed in the absence of an appropriate meter. In this case, you are charged according to the standard, which is the amount of fuel established for various types consumption. Multiply its value by the average calorie value of 7900 kcal/m3. Get the amount of energy used. How simple

Operating principle of a gas meter with a diaphragm

In a gas meter, a measuring volume is made, separated by a flexible diaphragm - two measuring volumes are obtained: gas enters volume A, gas is squeezed out of volume B by the diaphragm. In the next cycle, gas enters volume B and is squeezed out from volume A.
The principle of operation of a gas meter with a diaphragm is to count the number of gas extrusions to the consumer.

The main disadvantage of gas chromatographs is their manual operation, which limits their scope of application as a function of the calorific value of natural gas. With the development of technological chromatography over the years, accurate measurement of the calorific value of natural gas based on this principle has become a reality. It is known that the main structural element of a gas chromatograph is a separation column filled with granular material. The individual components of gas mixtures travel over varying periods of time from the base to the top of the separation column.

Obviously, the gas meter does not count the mass of supplied and sold combustible gas, but the volume of gas.

Reduced gas pressure automatically increases the price of gas

Reduced gas pressure reduces the density of the gas supplied to the consumer, and therefore its mass per cubic meter. That is, the price of natural gas per kilogram increases.

By measuring the time during which individual substances components of the gas mixture reach a sensor installed at the outlet of the separation column, measure the amount of substances involved in the composition gas mixture. Based on the calculated caloric content of the individual components, the calorific value of the gas mixture is calculated.

On gas meter you consume natural gas in m3, but the invoice is loaded in kWh. How do you recalculate this difference? However, the transition to the new method did not affect the measurement method - it is still measured in m3, and the method of taking readings also remains unchanged. How, however, do you convert this data into kWh, in which gas company charges you for full payment?

A, seasonal ones apply correction factors? In winter, in cold weather, is gas considered denser?
This is precisely why in winter, when the consumer burns more gas for heat, it is profitable for the gas distribution company - "Gorgaz" - "Oblgaz" (in general, national fuel gas distribution corporation) to have gas in gas pipe was at low blood pressure.

Do you have information about what gas is supplied to your home?
For example, I did not find natfuel.com (Western New York and Pennsylvania - natural gas supplier) on the National Fuel Gas Company website. The website has everything - how to pay for gas, how to read the gas meter, about gas household appliances, even about working in a company.

Gas conversion: easy with ratio

However, even without knowing the exact conversion factor, you can constantly recalculate the approximate payment for natural gas consumption. Household from mountainous areas where gas is used for cooking and heating water. Household from the Olomouc region, where gas is used for cooking, water heating and heating. Household from Prague, where gas is used only for cooking.

We know how much electricity and gas is measured in kWh! What is the cost of water and gasoline? Energy flows around us. It pulsates in the wind, in the water, on the Earth, and ultimately, inside us - living organisms. To calculate how much money is worth, we need to know its final form and quantify its amount. For example, electricity has a different market value than wood or gas, although this may give us some comfort.

But I didn’t find a description of the item - for what the gas company collects money from consumers, that is, a description of the gas itself - how much its calorie value is in a cubic meter according to the meter: pressure, composition of the gas.
Are they hiding?

The gas meter counted 100 cubic meters of gas.
How much heat did the gas company actually supply to me?

Such "utility gas meters SGBET G6 "Pegas" (with electronic temperature compensation) ITRON (Germany), made in the city of Engels" ...
By the way, verification of natural gas meters (checking the accuracy of the meter) is carried out with air, according to the verification methodology.
Or American Meter AC-250 Diaphragm Gas Meter from IMAC Systems, Inc. (Tullytown, PA).
Imported Chinese mechanical diaphragm gas meter G series "company" Hangzhou Beta Gas Meter Co. It also has a more frank description - it is intended to measure the volume of gases: natural gas, LPG and all non-aggressive gases:
Total pressure loss ≤ 200 Pa
Working pressure range 0.5~50kPa
Cyclic volume 1.2 dm3 (liters).
Yes, gas meters measure the flow of a certain gas, but this makes the consumer warmer by an unknown number of degrees.

The most used unit of energy is 1 kWh, which you use when a tool with a power of 1 works for you for an hour. IN Everyday life the physical nomenclature should not be deeper. Every electrical appliance has a nutrition label where it can be found daily or yearly. For maximum comfort, we monitor you how much a kWh of energy costs!

How much does electricity, gas and heat cost?

How much does a kWh cost? physical work a person that a machine can do? About 380 times more than electricity. The name of the cheapest fuel competes with coal and wood. Both raw materials are loaded in units of mass or volume. How much does their energy cost per kWh, after calculating the calorific value. Price around crown per kWh, we expect the surcharge to be imported and we will spend some time manually putting traditional types fuel to the furnace. Self-sufficiency designed modern boilers, which have a similar price ratio as coal and woodfuel.

And the storage pressure gauge, based on the readings of which one can judge the density of natural gas, that is, the mass of purchased gas, is completely absent from the gas meter. That is, the principle applies pay for an unknown amount of gas (in calories), and be happy.

Gas price (natural household gas, propane, fuel gas, fuel gas, natural gas, propane) is determined by the gas supplier in money (euro, dollars, etc.) per cubic meter of gas.
A consumer (subscriber, apartment) gas meter measures the volume of gas, but heat-calories are given to the consumer by the mass of burned hydrocarbons - natural gas.

Most households are more interested in how much they cost and on heating installation. However, the price of natural gas and electricity depends on the selected one, which you can find in! The following table may scare the message by averaging out how much it costs. However, unlike fossil fuels, we can have electricity and therefore have a more promising future.

Wholesale exchange responds to countless variables, usually as capricious as the proverbial weather. The key position, however, is oil, which sometimes determines the price of other commodities. We process, for example, oil, asphalt or gasoline. How much does a kWh of energy cost at the end of the process? Quite a lot, a domestic gas power plant generates kWh of energy for about 15 CZK! Gasoline for a classic car comes out.

The higher the pressure, the higher the density of the gas, the mass of a cubic meter of gas, the greater the calorific value of a cubic meter of gas.

Here is the main way to deceive natural gas consumers equipped with a gas meter - to supply gas with lower pressure.

Cubic meters of gas are calculated under standard conditions (pressure 0.101325 MPa, temperature 20 °C), but from the gas distribution station gas is supplied to the house distribution under pressure - gas pipelines low pressure have overpressure before 0.005 MPa. And at what exact pressure the gas is supplied to the consumer is a complete mystery.

We pay for a few liters and this is not ordinary fuel, we only measure it in units of volume. So let's ask ourselves how much a kWh costs. However, the water molecule has a place in storage discussions. Excess electricity can be separated from oxygen by hydrogen and then used for synthesis. The test method received the English name energy for gas, freely transferring energy into gas. “Water is the carbon of the future,” Jules Verne dreamed of the same technology. Theory is far from practice. However, the thirsty man tells us that water has the most high value of all energy listed, regardless of the actual reality of how much a kWh of any supply costs.

Selling gas by cubic meters is the same as selling gasoline by liters, only ten times more profitable. Gasoline is supplied to gas stations in tons and sold in liters. Naturally, a kilogram of gasoline costs more in summer than in winter - due to different densities depending on temperature.

Composition of gas and heat of combustion

For the example of the composition of natural gas in various gas pipelines of the Russian Federation, see (1), the average composition of natural gas, its calorific value, density.
Gas composition, percent by volume - CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, CO2, N2, H20, He
density of natural gas - kg/m3 (kilogram per cubic meter at atmospheric pressure- normal conditions) - from 0.712 to 1.036.

Since the younger Stone Age, when our ancestors largely abandoned nomadism and began farming in the fields, people have been able to effectively harness the energy of living nature. From the Industrial Revolution, we can effectively transform the power of minerals. But how much is our own physical effort worth without the help of coal and oil?

Since then, the number of cubic meters of this fuel has been reported on natural gas accounts. And now the number of kilowatt-hours supplied in the form of gas will be indicated. And how to convert m3 of gas per kWh of energy into fuel? Let's start with this topic. Presentation on gas consumption account expressed in cubic meters, makes it difficult to compare usage bills gas appliances with electric. Although you can compare the cost of heating the two different houses With gas and electricity, it is difficult to judge which is more energy efficient.

A cubic meter of gas is how much heat?

The calorific value of a cubic meter of gas is from 45.85 (10950) to 28.30 (6760) MJ/m3 (Kcal/m3).
And household gas supply tariffs do not indicate how much heat the consumer will receive for the purchased cubic meter of gas, which is calculated by the gas consumption meter.

LPG, LPG (propane) - liquefied gas has the same problem, but to a lesser extent: if propane, then propane, if methane, then methane; with a very specific heat of combustion of a kilogram of “gas”. Besides, liquefied gas is sold in specific kilograms, and not in standard cubic meters of gas. What is being bought is not a conventional pig in a poke, but specific warmth. Question: which is more profitable? Mains gas or gas cylinders/gas holder?
Answer: it is not profitable to buy either one or the other, but it is more profitable not to buy gas for fuel at all - see about the self-home

Published: 02/26/2018 02:17

Good morning dear friends. In a short period of time, we were asked the same question quite a few times. We decided to answer it in this article.

What is the heat of combustion of liquefied gas?

Let's start with the main thing, what is the heat of combustion (also known as calorific value) - this is the amount of heat released as a result complete combustion of a given type of fuel with a volume of 1 m 3 or a mass of 1 kg (the calorific value of liquefied gas can be calculated by both mass and volume and is measured in MJ/kg and MJ/l, respectively).

The greater the calorific value of liquefied gas (and liquefied gas can be hydrocarbon - LPG - or natural), the less amount of fuel is needed to produce the same amount of heat.

The calorific value of liquefied gas (propane-butane) is 46.8 MJ/k or 25.3 MJ/l. When converting the parameters of liquefied hydrocarbon gas from megajoules (MJ) to kilowatt-hours (kW*h), we obtain a specific heat of combustion of gas equal to 13.0 kW*h/kg or 7.0 kW*h/l.

The heat of combustion of liquefied petroleum gas makes this type of fuel the cheapest among alternatives (electricity, diesel fuel, coal, firewood), with the possible exception of natural methane gas. However, do not forget that liquefied propane-butane gas is much cheaper when connected (with autonomous gasification) than methane from a centralized gas pipeline.

The price of main gas is growing at a rapid pace, while the price of liquefied hydrocarbon fuel (propane-butane gas) remains stable in the St. Petersburg region and Leningrad region. And the growing popularity of autonomous gas makes the industry even more competitive due to increased consumption of liquefied fuel.

The cost of 1 kWh due to the use of gas is much lower than that of alternative types fuel: at specific heat combustion of 46.8 MJ per 1 kg and density (approximate) of 0.555 kg/l, the available efficiency of gas tanks is 95% and the cost of gas is 18.50 rubles. for 1 liter, we will get 2.7 rubles. for 1 kWh (a similar figure is obtained for methane gas). Whereas for diesel fuel the cost of 1 kWh will exceed 4.5 rubles.

The calorific value depends on the exact composition of the gas - propane-butane is divided into "summer" and "winter". In the first case percentage propane and butane are approximately the same - 50% of each gas. In the case of “winter” LPG, propane predominates in the composition - up to 90% of the volume. The heat of combustion of “summer” and “winter” propane-butane will differ slightly, but such division is necessary to maintain the safe operation of the system autonomous gas supply and preventing a situation where a propane-butane storage container is damaged or explodes due to too much expansion of gases.

That's something like this, dear friends. I hope we were able to once again answer your question. If you have any questions about our topic, write to us We will be happy to write an article or consult you online.

Natural gas quality - this is the compliance of the values of its physical and chemical indicators with those established by regulatory documents.

According to interstate GOST 5542-87 “NATURAL COMBUSTIBLE GASES FOR industrial and municipal purposes. TECHNICAL CONDITIONS”, according to physical and chemical indicators, natural flammable gases must comply with the requirements and standards specified in the table.

Indicator name	Norm	Test method
1. Low heat of combustion, MJ/m 3 (kcal/m 3), at 20°C 101.325 kPa, not less	31,8 (7600)	GOST 27193-86 GOST 22667-82 GOST 10062-75
2. Range of values of the Wobbe number (highest), MJ/m 3 (kcal/m 3)	41,2-54,5 (9850-13000)	GOST 22667-82
3. Tolerance Wobbe number from nominal value, %, no more	5	-
4. Mass concentration of hydrogen sulfide, g/m 3, no more	0,02	GOST 22387.2-83
5. Mass concentration of mercaptan sulfur, g/m 3, no more	0,036	GOST 22387.2-83 GOST 22387.3-77
6. Volume fraction of oxygen, %, no more	1,0	GOST 23781-83
7. Mass of mechanical impurities in 1 m 3, g, no more	0,001	GOST 22387.4-77
8. Intensity of gas odor at a volume fraction of 1% in the air, point, no less	3	GOST 22387.5-77

Determining the quality indicators of gas entering Ukraine, that is, determining the compliance of its physical and chemical indicators (hereinafter - FCP) with those stipulated by contracts, is carried out at gas measuring stations and gas flow measurement points (GIS and PIRG), which are located at the inlet main gas pipelines to Ukraine. GIS and PIRG are equipped with modern main and backup automated gas metering systems with a fiscal non-volatile archive of quantities and component composition gas, as well as interventions. Determination of the PCP of gas entering the territory of Ukraine is carried out daily in chemical analytical laboratories and using flow chromatographs installed on hot water supply systems.

Work control measuring systems and the supply of gas to the Ukrainian gas transportation system is carried out by representatives of the National Joint Stock Company “Naftogaz of Ukraine”,
which are constantly located at each hot water supply system. The FCP of gas supplied from the gas transmission system to gas distribution networks is measured and controlled at gas distribution stations (GDS), which are installed at the exit from the gas transmission system. To carry out gas quality analysis, DC Ukrtransgaz has created 69 chemical analytical laboratories, accredited and certified by Gospotrebstandart. All chemical analytical laboratories comply sanitary standards, rules and requirements of labor protection and fire safety, equipped modern equipment- chromatographs, photocolorimeter, moisture meters, hygrometers, analytical balances, etc....

The quality of gas supplied from the gas transmission system to gas distribution networks is checked once a week. The results of the analysis of the FCP of gas are formalized in the form of a gas quality protocol, which is approved by the head of the linear production department of the DC "Ukrtransgaz", one copy of which is provided to enterprises operating gas distribution networks.

Relationships between gas supply organizations and legal entities consumers,
are determined by the “Rules for accounting for gas during its transportation by gas distribution networks, supply and consumption”, approved by order of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry dated December 27, 2005 No. 618 and registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on January 26, 2006 under No. 67 / 11941, namely concerning gas quality, then according to paragraph 5.19. The parties to the contract may exercise control and be present during the performance of work to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the gas.

Checking the quality (calorie content) of natural gas used by the population can be carried out at the request of citizens,
under the conditions provided for by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of December 9, 1999. N 2246 and the resolution of NERC of Ukraine dated December 29, 2003 No. 476 “On approval of the Procedure for compensation of losses caused to a consumer of natural gas due to violation by a gas supply or gas transportation organization of the “Rules for the provision of gas supply services to the population.”

That is, in case of doubt, the consumer can independently order an additional analysis of the gas chemical properties.

In addition, analysis of the quality of natural gas in the oil and gas industry of Ukraine has been carried out for almost 20 years by UkrNIIgaz, which since 1999 has been entrusted with the functions of the industry Center for Gas Quality Control of the National Joint Stock Company Naftogaz of Ukraine.

According to the results of analyzes of this Center, the calorific value (calorific value) of natural gas on the territory of Ukraine varies within the range of 8,000-8250 kcal/m3, which exceeds the gas calorific value established by GOST 5542-87 - not lower than 7600 kcal/m3.

Economic calculations, comparison of performance of fuel-using devices with each other and planning must be carried out on a single basis. Therefore, the concept of so-called reference fuel was introduced.

Conditional fuel is a unit of accounting for fossil fuels used to compare the efficiency of different types of fuel and total accounting. Usage standard fuel especially convenient for comparing the efficiency of various thermal power plants.

As a unit of standard fuel, 1 kg of fuel with a calorific value of 7000 kcal/kg (29.3 MJ/kg) is used, which corresponds to good low-ash dry coal. For comparison, we point out that brown coals have a calorific value of less than 24 MJ/kg, and anthracite and bituminous coals - 23-27 MJ/kg. The relationship between conventional fuel and natural fuel is expressed by the formula

V t = (Q n r / 7000) V n = E V n,

where W t is the mass of the equivalent amount of standard fuel, kg;

Vn - mass of natural fuel, kg (solid and liquid fuel) or m 3 -

gaseous;

Q n r - lower calorific value of a given natural fuel, kcal/kg

or kcal/m3.

The ratio E = Q n r / 7000 is called caloric coefficient, and is accepted for:

Oil - 1.43;

Natural gas - 1.15;

Peat - 0.34-0.41 (depending on humidity);

Peat briquettes - 0.45 -0.6 (depending on humidity);

Diesel fuel - 1.45;

Fuel oil - 1.37.

The calorific value of various types of fuel, kcal/kg, is approximately:

oil - 10,000 (kcal/kg);

natural gas - 8,000 (kcal/m3);

hard coal - 7000(kcal/kg);

firewood with humidity 10% - 3900(kcal/kg);

40% - 2400(kcal/kg);

peat moisture content 10% - 4100(kcal/kg);

40% - 2500(kcal/kg);

2.4 Fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Belarus

Fuel and energy complex (FEC) The Republic of Belarus is a complex collection of large, continuously developing production systems for the production, transformation, distribution and use of natural energy resources and energy of all types. In the Republic of Belarus, it includes enterprises for extraction (oil, peat, associated gas), procurement (firewood), purchase of missing minerals, gas transportation, converting them into electricity or thermal energy and distribution to consumers.

The installed capacity of all energy sources in the country is more than 7.8 million kW. This is enough to provide consumers of the republic with electricity, which is generated by 23 power plants. The total volume of electricity and heat consumption, which reached its peak in 1990-1991. and amounting to 49 billion kWh and 112 Gcal, respectively, has been steadily declining over recent years, reaching a minimum (32 billion kWh and 72.1 Gcal) in 1996. Since 1997, there has been an increase in electricity and heat consumption (Table 5).

Table 5-Dynamics of electricity and heat consumption (according to the World Bank)

In 1999, more than 15% (5.2 million tons of fuel equivalent) of the republic’s total energy needs were provided through local, renewable, non-traditional and secondary resources.

The republican government body that implements the functions of state regulation for the provision of fuel and energy resources is the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Belarus (Ministry of Energy).

The fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Belarus includes:

Ministry of Energy, to which are subordinated:

Belarusian state enterprise for gas transportation "Beltransgaz";

Belarusian State Energy Concern "Belenergo";

Belarusian concern for fuel and gasification “Beltopgaz”;

Belarusian State Oil and Chemical Concern "Belneftekhim", subordinate directly to the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Energy are:

Carrying out scientific, technical, economic and social policies aimed at creating conditions for the effective operation of organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Energy in order to meet the needs of the national economy and population for electrical and thermal energy, natural and liquefied gas, solid fuels, their rational and safe use;

Taking measures in accordance with the established procedure to ensure the energy security of the Republic of Belarus;

Preparation, together with other republican government bodies, regional executive committees and the Minsk City Executive Committee, of proposals for the formation of the energy policy of the Republic of Belarus and the organization of the implementation of this policy;

Development and implementation of measures to improve payment discipline when paying for fuel and energy.

The main activity of the fuel and energy complex is the comprehensive development of local types and non-traditional energy sources, as well as the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies.

IN Concern "Belneftekhim" all oil and associated gas production is concentrated. The oil production limit on the territory of the Republic of Belarus is set at 1850.5 thousand tons per year. The concern, together with the Belarusneft production association, is actively working to participate in the development of Russian oil fields in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the Nenets-Belarusian Oil Company was created on parity terms, which received a license for geological exploration of the subsoil of the Liginsky site. The concern provides all sectors of the Belarusian economy with liquid fuel and lubricants through petroleum products production associations under his control. In addition, all enterprises of the chemical industry are under his jurisdiction, the largest of which are Svetlogorsk RUP “Khimvolokno”, Mogilev RUP “Khimvolokno” and “Lavsan”.

State enterprise for gas transportation and supply - "Beltransgaz" was the successor to the Main Gas Pipeline Administration created in 1960 in the republic. To operate the main gas pipeline “Dashava - Minsk”, which was introduced in the same year, in 1973 it was transformed into the Western Production Association for the transportation and supply of gas “Zapadtransgaz”, and in 1982 - into the Belarusian State Enterprise for the transportation and supply of gas “Beltransgaz” " In 2001, it became the Republican Unitary Enterprise for the transportation and supply of gas "Beltransgaz". For 40 years gas system on the territory of our republic has grown so much that it can transport up to 50 billion m 3 of gas through its main arteries. For comparison, we point out that in 1992 Belarus consumed 17.5 billion m 3 of gas, and in 1999 the republic received 16 billion m 3 of gas. In 2000, the volume transported by Beltransgaz through the system of main gas pipelines laid across our republic amounted to 41.8 billion m 3, of which 16.5 billion m 3 went to consumers of the Republic of Belarus. The rest is transport supplies to Ukraine, Lithuania, the Kaliningrad region, and Western Europe.

Beltransgaz operates 6.4 thousand km of gas pipelines with a diameter of 100 to 1400 mm. The supply of natural gas to consumers of the republic is ensured by the functioning of 6 linear compressor stations, 201 gas distribution stations, 8 reduction units. Sustainable gas supply is supported by 6 gas measuring stations, 632 stations cathodic protection. It operates two underground gas storage facilities: Osipovichskoye with an active gas volume of 0.36 billion m 3 and Pribugskoye, the first stage of which allows for the creation of active gas reserves in the amount of 0.48 billion m 3 - to a certain extent ensure the satisfaction of uneven seasonal demand for gas economic entities.

Currently, natural gas makes up 74% of the country's fuel balance. The country's economy and the livelihoods of the population depend on the reliability of the condition and functioning of the gas supply system. Gas has firmly entered our daily life and has become indispensable in the national economy. It is used as fuel for household needs of the population in 92 administrative regions and is the most important fuel resource for the production of electrical and thermal energy.

In addition, gas is a valuable raw material for the chemical industry, the production of mineral fertilizers, synthetic fibers, various types of plastics, and other modern materials that make up the bulk of the republic’s export potential. It is used as a motor fuel for cars for other purposes.

The completion of the construction of the Russian gas pipeline “Yamal - Western Europe", which will pass through our territory. After its commissioning, our country will receive 18 billion m 3 of gas free of charge for transit from Gazprom of Russia. In accordance with the forecast of electricity consumption, the demand for it in 2015 is expected in the amount of 41-45 billion kWh, or an increase compared to 1999 by 22-23%, thermal energy - 83-89 million Gcal, or by 14-22 %. The installed capacity of all energy sources, provided the republic is self-sufficient in electricity, should be 8.3-9.0 million kW by 2010, and 8.6-9.4 million kW by 2015.

Concern "Belenergo" All republican unitary enterprises for the generation of electrical and thermal energy are subordinated. In addition to them, a huge number of boiler houses are run by public utilities, enterprises and associations of various ministries and departments, and for the generation of electricity - thermal power plants of enterprises (Dobrush paper mill, Zhabinsky, Gorodetsky, Skidelsky, Slutsk sugar factories, etc.)

Concern "Beltopgaz" was created in 1992 to supply natural and liquefied gas, as well as solid fuel (peat briquettes, firewood) on the basis of the existing BSSR State Committee for Gasification. He is also involved in the operation, construction, and design of gas networks. It is in charge of 20 thousand km of pipelines, over 2 thousand gas control points, over 3 thousand group liquefied gas installations. It serves more than 3.5 million apartments, more than 30 thousand social facilities, 3,700 industrial, energy, rural and municipal enterprises. The concern is responsible for production fuel briquettes, other types of fuel.

Despite the numerous problems and difficulties, material base The country's energy systems will continue to be updated using energy-saving technologies. In the coming years, it is planned to reconstruct the Brest (with a 4-fold increase in capacity) and two Minsk CHPPs (CHP-3, CHPP-5), Gomel CHPP-3. In the near future, it is necessary to replace some of the equipment at the Lukomlskaya State District Power Plant and reconstruct Berezovskaya, which has a large role in the implementation of a special international project for the export of electricity to the West. Together with the Russians, in the next 7 years it is planned to carry out a complete reconstruction of this second most important station, as a result of which its capacity will be increased by 350 MW. At the same time, fuel consumption for electricity generation will be significantly reduced, which will become competitive in the world market.

The implementation of this project promises great benefits for both Russia and

Belarus.

Giving important development of small-scale energy, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus on August 10, 2000 adopted Resolution No. 1232 “On measures for the development of small-scale energy in the Republic of Belarus”, which approved the Program for the development of electricity generating capacities based on steam turbine, gas turbine and combined cycle plants with the creation of small thermal power plants in the republic in 2000-2005 The goal of the program is to ensure an increase in energy production based on the development of small thermal power plants in the republic. Three tasks are set:

Organization of work to identify the potential for the development of electricity generating capacities in the republic on the basis of steam turbine, combined cycle and gas turbine units;

Determination of approaches and implementation of existing potential, volumes and sources of investment in the creation of small thermal power plants;

Development of plans for the commissioning of electrical power equipment in boiler houses for 2000 and the procedure for carrying out this work in subsequent years.

The program provides for the creation of highly economical small CHPPs equipped with steam turbine (STU), gas turbine (GTU) and combined cycle (CCG) units, ensuring the generation of electricity through the heating cycle with minimal fuel consumption.

Projected indicators for the development of non-traditional energy and the use of secondary resources in the coming period:

Hydroelectric power production is economically feasible 250 MW with a production of 0.8-0.9 billion kWh, which is equivalent to 250 thousand tons of equivalent. t./year;

Electricity generation from wind turbines, according to expert estimates, will not exceed 200-300 million kWh per year, and the economically feasible level of energy production by this method requires additional research;

The use of biomass by 2015, according to expert estimates, can produce 250-300 thousand tons of equivalent fuel. T.;

The potential of crop waste is 1.5 million tons. t. per year;

The potential energy of municipal solid waste is equivalent

450 thousand tce. t. The economically feasible level of their use by processing to produce gas is 100-120 thousand tce. T.;

The potential for the output of secondary thermal energy resources is 17.9 million Gcal per year, 2.7 million Gcal are used, technically possible - up to 10 million Gcal/year;

The total yield of combustible waste is estimated at 0.8 million tce. tons per year, 277.5 thousand tons of cu are used. tons per year, or 48%, it is planned to increase their utilization level to 85% by 2015.

The volume of consumption of own fuel and energy resources in 2015 is estimated at 5.4 million tce. t., or 13.9% of gross consumption of fuel and energy resources in Belarus. Of these, 4.8 million tons of e.g. tons are made up of local fuels and 0.6 million tons of e.g. t. - non-traditional and renewable sources and secondary resources.