Base for decorative plaster. Preparing walls for decorative plaster. Removing the old layer of plaster

You need to prepare to create a masterpiece. No matter how high-quality the finishing material is, all its advantages can only be revealed on properly prepared walls. Preparing walls for decorative plaster not much different from preparing to apply any other type of finish. The surface must be cleaned of wallpaper residues, old paint, whitewashing, without trying to achieve ideal smoothness. Most compositions hide perfectly minor defects, your task is to eliminate the large ones.

Preparation stages

1. Decorative plaster - final stage construction or renovation. Windows and doors must be installed, work on the ceiling and floor must be completed, the room must be cleared of construction debris, dust and dirt.
2. The surface is prepared as for painting. It must be leveled, scratches, chips, potholes, cracks must be repaired and covered with acrylic primer, with the exception of matte ATF.
3. If the surface is not dense enough, it should be treated with strengthening or restorative primer. The primer strengthens the wall and serves additional protection from dampness and improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface. Room walls with high humidity They must be treated with antifungal agents.
4. The cracks should be “opened” and filled with a special putty.
5. The primed surfaces are putty, each layer of putty must be dried for 24 hours.
6. To avoid cracking, it is recommended to use serpyanka or non-woven wallpaper. The joints must be thoroughly puttied and sanded after drying.
7. Each layer of putty is covered with acrylic primer deep penetration.
8. The use of finishing putty materials that prevent absorption, in particular, materials based on alabaster and oil-based adhesive, is not allowed.
9. Fine abrasive sandpaper is used to sand the surface.
10. Before painting begins, preliminary painting should be done. This procedure is necessary in order to preliminary evaluate the texture of the finished coating and its shade.

The above sequence of actions when preparing walls for decorative plaster is the most general. In every specific case preparation may vary depending on the properties of the material, the characteristics of the room and the desired result. The surface requirements are much lower when using structural compositions.

Structural plasters are a universal finishing material that can be used for any base surfaces both outside and inside the building. With their help, even the most ordinary house can become a masterpiece. Structural plaster is plastic and easy to apply. Among its undoubted advantages are almost limitless possibilities for experiments with surface texture and color.

Before deciding on a style revolution and choosing a method for applying decorative plaster, it is better to consult in detail with a finishing specialist. For all its promising efficiency, decorative compositions- not the best cheap material and only a thoughtful approach will help you avoid extra costs. We invite you to familiarize yourself with several dozen secrets for using this finishing material in the video below.

Finish plastering begins after all construction work, when choosing compositions for these purposes, preference is given to decorative brands containing marble chips, colored or textured fillers. Almost all modern ready-made mixtures have high adhesion, stability and have long term services, their only drawback is the price. TO important nuances plastering technologies with decorative marks include the need for preliminary preparation surface, the degree of its complexity depends on the material of the walls or ceilings and the type of future finishing. This process takes a lot of time; in order to save money, it is recommended to do it yourself.

Main stages of preparation

There are no universal instructions; the nature and sequence of actions depends on the base material. At the initial stage:

• For smooth prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, surface preparation consists of notching or sandblasting in order to increase adhesion with the finishing decor.
• Brick walls and block masonry are cleaned of excess mortar in the joints, and if necessary, notches are also made on them.
• Wooden surfaces are covered with shingles - narrow strips with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm. For fastening, use ordinary nails directed towards the floor at an angle of 35-40°. The material is nailed with an overlap; subsequently, this mesh holds the leveling layer of the solution.

The plaster is applied to smooth, dried and clean surfaces. Ideal smoothness is necessary in exceptional cases (when working with thin-layer grades), when using composite (bark beetle and its analogues), acrylic or silicone compounds deviation in level is allowed within 5-10 mm per 1 m length, exact value usually specified by the manufacturer. But there should be no obvious chips, defects or cracks. Almost all types of decorative plasters are not suitable for installation over oil paints, the same applies to walls with grease or oil stains. An obvious requirement is the stability of the base - regardless of the brand, finishing compounds are used on surfaces that have been cleared of old building materials and any loose particles.

1. Cleaning surfaces from dust, dirt, waste layers of old building materials, removing large debris. Dust removal and, if necessary, degreasing.

2. Assessing the condition, checking the horizontal and vertical walls, the curvature of the corners. When working with smooth brick or concrete, notch using a grinder. Special attention is given to cracks; if they are present, they require cleaning to a non-crumbling state and filling with special putties.

3. Alignment – main stage preparation. To carry it out successfully, markings are carried out - installing beacons or pulling threads according to the level using nails starting from top corner in increments of 30-50 cm. Exactly the same marks are placed below, with a cord stretched between them. The resulting space under the thread shows minimum thickness leveling layer. If there are significant differences (over 40-50 mm), a reinforced mesh - wire or fiberglass - will be required to secure the solution.

4. Primer treatment - when working with leveling compounds and decorative plasters with low permeability, preference is given to antiseptics with deep penetration; when finishing smooth factory slabs, preference is given to Betonkontakt and its analogues, which increase roughness.

5. Wetting the surface with water using construction vacuum cleaner, broom or brush. It is carried out in case of a large gap between the preliminary stage and the actual plastering.

6. Mixing and applying leveling solution. When doing the work yourself and lacking experience, it is easier to mix small portions, but in general this stage requires a fast pace, especially when using gypsum-based mixtures. Direct plastering involves three steps: preliminary spraying of more liquid composition with a trowel or plastic scoop and spreading it evenly over the walls, applying 1-2 layers of dough-like consistency and finishing with a solution reminiscent of sour cream. Between these steps, wait a gap sufficient for setting, but not allowing completely dry.

7. Leveling and grouting: with a wide spatula immediately after application, with a wet sponge after 1-2 hours and with a wooden float after complete drying. Fine-grit sanding sandpaper only required when working with Venetian decorative plasters; in all other cases the surface remains rough.

8. Removing debris and dust, preferably using construction vacuum cleaners.

9. Primer treatment to improve adhesion quality.

The main questions arise when choosing leveling compounds. At the surface preparation stage, both DSP and gypsum are used. Significant defects and cracks are filled with ordinary mortar(cement and sand in a ratio of 1:3), it is also used when there is a large level difference. But with small deviations, it is more convenient to work with gypsum mixtures; they are elastic, dry faster and rub over without problems.

Tips for applying plaster

The given scheme of actions is relevant when the difference in walls is within 5 cm. If it is necessary to apply 2 or thicker leveling layers, laying a reinforced mesh is required. Before adding the next layer, the previous one must set well (in the case of cement compositions this period is measured in weeks). If the thickness is large, not only the base is primed, but also each leveling layer.

Decorative finishing begins no earlier than 2 days after application finishing putty. During the preparation process, all the manufacturer’s recommendations are taken into account: installation and drying conditions, thickness of the layer applied at a time and the maximum permissible layer, mixing proportions, pot life, they are always indicated in the instructions. The last indicator is extremely important when doing the work yourself: you can use the finished solution only within the specified time frame.

To simplify the preparation process when doing it yourself, it is recommended:

• Use beacons at the leveling stage (they must be removed).
• Place a thin interior mesh under the layer of finishing putty.
• When working with crumbling or old surfaces, harden them using deep penetration compounds.
• Increase the adhesion of each applied layer with primers.
• Remove construction debris and dust with a vacuum cleaner.

The thickness of the applied layer depends on the size of the filler grains: from 0.5 mm for Venetian, to 3.5 for Bark beetle and other structural composite species. Thin-layer marks can show through; when using white or light gray leveling compounds, no problems arise; in other cases, the walls are covered with primer paint. At the same time, their compatibility with the finishing material is monitored: the use of oil or alabaster varieties is considered to be violations and errors of technology. The more expensive the plaster, the higher the requirements for the soil. To eliminate mistakes, bark beetle or other species are first applied to a small, well-lit area, after which it is easier to select the layer thickness, spatula and direction of the patterns.

Recently, decorative plaster has become popular indoors. It would seem, what could be simpler? But, in in this case It’s better to do everything as it should, since the material is not cheap and applying it to an unprepared surface can only ruin everything. All the beauty of this material can be fully revealed only on absolutely correctly prepared walls. When preparing walls, be sure to follow all stages of work accurately and completely.

Work should begin with the most thorough cleaning of the walls. To do this, you should remove all old coatings from them: wallpaper, paint and everything unnecessary, including old plaster, preferably down to the base. Next, you need to remove dust from the walls. This can be done with an ordinary industrial vacuum cleaner. A household one is not suitable for this work, since it does not have enough power for this. Please note that preparing walls for decorative plaster is a responsible process; you should very carefully remove not only paint and wallpaper, but also greasy spots, you should not leave them, as later they can spoil the finished look and you will have to redo all the work. Stains are easily removed with a solvent and then with a soap solution. This process does not take much time. Removing the same old plaster will ensure better adhesion of all future layers of coatings to the wall. If this stage is omitted, then in the future the plaster may simply begin to fall off. All stages of the work should be carried out especially carefully if you intend to use Venetian plaster, since on uneven walls with defects it will lose all its attractiveness.

Elimination of defects and cracks

If there are cracks on the cleaned wall, they must be eliminated, since decorative plaster will not hide them, but will only make them more contrasting. This means that in order for the preparation of walls for decorative plaster to be carried out according to all the rules, the cracks should be repaired. To do this, using a special grinder existing cracks are expanded and cleaned. Then, they are filled with a special repair compound, when choosing which it is better not to focus on cheap analogues, it's better to choose professional mixture and a little more expensive than taking cheaper and low-quality ones. If the gap is large and deep, then the composition will have to be applied in two passes. If indoors most of the time there will be high humidity, then the wall must be treated by special means from fungus.

But, if the room is dry, then this stage of work can be safely skipped.

Preparing walls for decorative plaster must necessarily include the stage of leveling with putty. Especially if the plaster is planned to be applied in a very thin layer. If it is planned to be applied in a sufficiently thick layer, then the wall does not need to be puttied. But it is necessary to prime the wall surface in any case. Because the primer allows you to prepare the surface for better adhesion of the putty to the wall. The primer is chosen depending on what material the wall is made of. As a rule, an alkyd-based primer is applied to the wood; it also dries quite quickly. For metal walls, there are specialized mixtures with the addition of zinc, which, among other things, helps protect the surface from corrosion.

It is more convenient to start leveling work from the corners of the room. It is better to apply the putty composition with a special “wide” spatula. And there is a little secret: to prevent the putty from cracking, it is better to apply it to a special self-adhesive construction mesh. The putty layer must be dried after application. After the putty dries, “each layer dries for at least a day,” the surface should be primed and sanded.

Sanding should best be done by hand using special fine-grained sandpaper.

After sanding, the surface should be primed again. Ideally, use a special primer on acrylic base with a deep penetration effect so that the adhesion of all layers is the best. From the above it follows that preparing walls for decorative plaster with putty excludes the use of putty for leveling, which prevents the absorption of “oil-glue or alabaster”. Moreover, the thickness of the primer layer should be at least two centimeters. This is necessary so that the layer of decorative plaster lies evenly and uniformly. After applying the primer, be sure to first compact it by rubbing it with pressure, and then moisten it several times a day. Moisturizing is necessary for at least seven days. In this case, the surface will be ready for applying any plaster, both smooth and textured.

We must remember that the better the wall surface is leveled, the smaller the layer of decorative plaster can be applied to the wall. Since decorative plaster is not cheap, this fact should not be underestimated when performing work.

Before starting the main work, you should apply small area plaster on the wall near one of the corners of the room. This will allow you to evaluate the texture of the future coating and its color.

If something doesn’t suit you, you don’t have to redo all the work from the beginning, you only have to redo this small area. If the preparation of walls for decorative plaster was carried out correctly at all stages, then this, The final stage work will be quite easy. But there’s still no need to rush. First of all, you can look at different resources video tutorials on application technologies to obtain a wide variety of unusual effects.

You can apply plaster alternating smooth and textured different color. To perform such work, great care and great attention is required so as not to spoil the finished effect. When applying layers of plaster in this way, special masking tape is used to protect the applied layer. This secret will help you avoid trouble if small mistakes are made. Masking tape is applied to the areas where textured plaster is to be applied. Smooth plaster is applied to all areas that remain free. Then the tape is removed and the areas with smooth plaster are glued. Texture plaster is applied. Then the tape is removed. This tape does not damage the already applied surface, which is why it is called painting tape and is used in work. by professional craftsmen.

Working with decorative plaster allows you to widely use your imagination by combining it with textures. The main thing for working with it is to correctly prepare the walls for decorative plaster, absolutely smooth surface no dust, cracks or holes. This allows you to avoid distortions in shades and unevenness in applied stripes and lines. And also decorative plaster, applied according to the rules, will last for a very long time, which means it will serve its owner for a very long time. Naturally, after a dozen or two years it will no longer look as fresh as in the first years, but its service life is very long, it opens up very wide possibilities for imagination and its own high cost This fully justifies it.

It is for these reasons that one should not neglect the precise implementation of all stages of work to prepare walls for applying decorative plaster. You should approach your work very carefully and responsibly and it is better to double-check the result at each stage. Since defects can “come out” already under finished finishing and all the work will have to start from the very beginning, which is fraught not only with high monetary costs, but also at great expense time and effort.

Excellent result, which will delight you for years, can only be obtained with an ideal or almost ideal surface, since a thin layer of expensive decorative plaster cannot hide defects made during preparatory work. This means that you should not rush, skip or ignore required steps work. If you feel that you cannot do the work yourself, then it is better to turn to trusted professionals for this.

IN last years decorative plaster of external and interior walls building has become widely in demand for finishing buildings for various purposes. Consumers are attracted to this material high speed application and practicality of the surface, a wide variety of textures and colors, moisture resistance and mechanical stability of the finished coatings. As noted by qualified specialists, it is very important that the preparation of walls for decorative plaster is carried out with high quality and in compliance with technology, taking into account the peculiarities finishing material and initial conditions of the surface state. The fact is that all beauty and all aesthetic appeal structural finishing appears only if there are no defects on the wall.

Features of decorative finishing and its main differences from other materials

Decorative plaster is finishing touch everyone repair work. Doors and windows in the apartment should already be installed, laid flooring, all remaining materials and construction waste must be removed from the premises.

The technology for preparing walls for applying this type of finish is not fundamentally different from preliminary work before wallpapering or painting.

Due to its layering and texture finishing plaster will be able to hide small, minor surface defects. So, absolutely perfect nasty preparation is not required. The main thing is that there are no differences in level and large irregularities, depressions, chips and cracks on the walls.

Preliminary activities

Before preparing the walls for decorative plaster, it is necessary to remove residues from all surfaces. finishing materials and visible defects. It is advisable to dust the base with an industrial vacuum cleaner.

If the surface is relatively flat, then it should be treated with a high-quality primer with a strengthening effect, especially drywall and surfaces prone to crumbling. In rooms with high humidity, walls must be treated with an effective antifungal compound.

Decorative plaster is not recommended to be applied to previously painted surfaces. Oil stains are not allowed on the surface of the walls; they must be removed with a special solvent and washed with a weak soap solution.

If cracks are detected, they are embroidered manually or using corner grinding machines. Each crack is filled with repair mortar. In case of voluminous, deep damage, filling is carried out in several stages. After the composition has completely dried, the area is sanded and an additional primer is applied.

If there are potholes and chips left on the walls after dismantling the previous finish, they are also leveled in one or more layers, sanded and primed. If there are significant differences in the surface, you should use a special putty compound. Currently, domestic and foreign manufacturers offer a large range of high-quality, quick-drying putties that can be used to level walls with level differences of up to 50 mm.

In order to avoid the occurrence of cracks in the finished coating in the future, experts at the preparation stage recommend using a special interior mesh to putty the walls. It is imperative to take into account that each new layer of leveling putty should be allowed to dry for at least a day.

When choosing putty for preparation, you should remember that, according to technology and construction standards, you cannot use finishing mixtures, which contain an alabaster or oil-adhesive base. Such compositions interfere with the adhesion of materials.

For more significant defects, preparatory rough plaster should be used. However, it should be remembered that it may take three to four weeks to dry. The exact curing period for plastered surfaces depends on the materials used, the thickness of the layers, the temperature and humidity of the surrounding space. After the material has completely cured, the base is covered with the thinnest layer putty and let it dry for two days.

For some species decorative finishing, for example, for Venetian plaster, a perfectly flat, as smooth as possible base is required. That's why finished surface should be further processed with the finest grain sanding. After final leveling of the surface, it is covered with high-quality acrylic primer.

High-quality preparation of walls for decorative plaster will become a reliable basis for a high-quality, durable finish that will serve its owners long years, delighting them with the beautiful appearance and practicality.

Video

We present to your attention a video on the topic.

Any work begins with preparation, be it pouring a foundation, wallpapering walls or plastering. The final result depends on this important stage. That's why you need quality training walls under decorative plaster. Step-by-step instruction will help you cope with this task.

Preparing the necessary tools

Even a novice builder can complete the preparatory stage. The process itself is at least responsible, but not complicated. Here's what you'll need in terms of tools:

• set of spatulas – narrow, medium, wide;
• a plumb line and level to control the evenness of the surface or a laser level;
• a piece of sandpaper, a grinder with a cutting and polishing wheel;
• wide brush for applying primer;
• hammer drill;
• polyethylene film, tape (preferably masking tape);
• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• mixer attachment for drill;
• plastic bucket for kneading;
• rags and sponge.

You need a few materials, these are:

• primer to improve adhesion;
• putty for leveling the surface;
• solvent to remove old paint.

If the walls that need to be prepared have wallpaper, you will need a sprayer. With its help, wallpaper is torn off by soaking it. When everything is prepared, you can start working.

Stages of work

A clear understanding will help simplify the task further actions. This is not a set of actions, but an ordered one step by step process. Preparing walls for decorative plaster includes the following steps:

1. Surface cleaning.
2. Surface priming.
3. Putty work.

The technology implies the correct and precise implementation of these stages. To do this, it is important to consider each of them in detail.

Surface cleaning

It doesn’t matter whether the surface is being prepared in a new building, or whether it is living room, in which it is done redecorating. The primary task is to ensure high-quality adhesion to the surface. To do this, it is cleared of all unnecessary things. Step-by-step instruction:

The walls have been cleared, but that's not all. Further work depend on the circumstances. If the walls are smooth and plastered, then you can start priming. If it's naked and uneven walls, then leveling plaster is needed.

Wall alignment

For a new building, there is no need to remove the old coating, since it simply does not exist yet. However, the walls are also cleaned of dust and dirt. All that remains is to apply the base and finishing coats of plaster. After all, any wall, concrete, wood, or brick, has flaws. Plaster will help get rid of them.

If the plumb line and level show that the deviations are small, then a leveling layer of plaster is sufficient. Mixtures for decorative works will not be suitable, since they are calculated for a layer of no more than 1.5 mm. And from a financial point of view it is not profitable. Therefore, plaster is perfect option. You can see how to apply the leveling mixture yourself here:

There is another option called dry. To do this you will need to sheathe the surface plasterboard sheets. You just need to determine which method to use:

Padding

The surface needs to be treated with primer before applying any material. The mixture improves adhesion between materials and reduces cladding consumption. Therefore, the operational layer of decorative plaster will be increased significantly.

You can find it in the store a large number of different compositions for primer. They have their purpose and scope of use. For example, if the room is quite damp, then there is a risk of mold and mildew. Therefore, it is better to choose a primer containing antiseptic substances. You can also find compositions for decorative plaster on sale. Usually implied Venetian plaster. Once the composition has been purchased, you can begin to work.

Advice! How much primer will be needed? The mixture is applied to the surface of the walls without gaps. It is recommended to apply two layers. First, find out the area of ​​the walls. For example, two walls are 3 m long and 2.2 m high, and the other two are 4 m long and 2.2 m high. total area walls it turns out: (3 × 2.2) × 2 + (4 × 2.2) × 2 = 30.8 m2. If the primer consumption is 200 ml per 1 m2, then for application in 2 layers you need: (30.8 × 200) × 2 = 12320 ml of composition.

There are three ways to apply the primer:

• roller;
• brush;
• spray gun.

The fastest way to work is with a spray gun. But the equipment is expensive, so not everyone can afford it. Middle method for simplicity and speed - using a roller. On flat surfaces he does a great job. And here hard to reach places better processing paint brush. The primer layer should be uniform. The entire surface of the wall is processed without exception. When the first layer is applied, you need to wait for it to dry. The packaging indicates how long it will take. And only then the second layer is applied. At this point, the preparation of the walls is almost complete. All that's left is the basic putty.

putty

1. Using a wide spatula, apply a layer of putty to the wall.
2. After drying, the wall is sanded with sandpaper, or excess and sagging putty is “trimmed” with a spatula.
3. The finishing layer of putty is applied.
4. The wall is being sanded.

Attention! To ensure that the wall does not crack, it is recommended to cover the surface with fiberglass before filling.

You need to understand that puttying is necessary if thin-layer decorative plaster like Venetian plaster is subsequently applied to the wall. The surface must be perfectly flat, without cracks, crevices or other defects.

When using textured compounds, puttying is not performed. Why is that? A texture mixture such as fur coat, rain or Leonardo should be applied in a thick layer. After application, the surface is further processed using a shaped roller or rubber stamp. They provide the desired structure on the surface. Which means that this decorative layer ranges from 3 to 5 mm. In addition to the decorative part, the layer can hide all the minor imperfections of the wall.

There are some tips and nuances that are important to consider when preparing walls:

1. Each layer of putty must be thoroughly dry before it can be worked on further.
2. To prevent cracks from occurring during operation, serpyanka mesh is used when filling drywall seams.
3. Before applying the decorative layer, the surface must be treated with primer.
4. Masking tape and polyethylene film needed to protect untreated areas. For example, it covers windows, doors, pipes so as not to cover them during work. You can also lay the film on the floor. This will make it easier to remove the old cladding that has been removed.

Here's what you need to do before preparing the walls for decorative plaster.

Conclusion

Having been patient, having prepared the right tool and materials for work, you can easily cope with the task. Step-by-step instructions will help you correctly complete each of the preparation stages.