Pasted waterproofing of basement walls. How to waterproof a basement: materials, mixtures, methods of performing the work. How much will waterproofing services cost?

One of important tasks when building a house - proper waterproofing of the basement. Complete waterproofing should be carried out immediately at the time of construction. Otherwise, the result will be short-lived. However, there are often cases when a mistake was made during the construction of a house, and the buyer did not pay attention to the issue with waterproofing and it was not possible to detect it in time? Simple tips will help you avoid problems not only with mold, but also with premature destruction of the basement foundation.

Types of waterproofing work in basements

There are plenty of technologies for waterproofing protection of basements, but the most popular are still simple coating of all surfaces with polymer mastic or gluing with roll materials. This method is certainly good and easy to use, but it is short-lived. But it’s quite suitable for protecting basement walls from the outside. It's all about the moisture-proof film, which, under the influence of a humid environment, begins to swell or peel off.

Examples of the consequences of improperly performed basement waterproofing

There are a number modern techniques that can solve this problem with waterproofing:

1. Using liquid glass or rubber;
2. Hydrophobization;
3. Penetrating or injection waterproofing.

Note: hydrophobization (coating the surface of the walls with a special water-repellent solution, impregnation for porous mineral material - penetrates into the structure of the material and ensures its protection from moisture) - a good method, but it is more suitable for the facades of a building than for the interior walls of a room.

There are enough methods to combat moisture and its consequences, and each of them works. With one exception - depending on certain circumstances. Therefore, before settling on one or another method of waterproofing protection, you should pay attention to the pros and cons of the technology.

Pasted waterproofing

One of the common methods of waterproofing basement walls is roll waterproofing.

The classic way, as mentioned earlier, is to use rolled material, for example, roofing felt or its expensive analogues. However, waterproofing the basement from the outside with such material is more effective, since the adhesive waterproofing layer will retain moisture from the outside, preventing it from corroding the porous structure of the walls of the basement. Alternatively, this method can be used to protect floors from moisture, i.e. use rolled materials under the screed. In this case, water will not be able to penetrate into the basement from below. Perfect option waterproofing the basement from the inside from groundwater.

Coating waterproofing

Coating waterproofing of basement walls with bitumen is being carried out

A budget method that uses waterproofing mixtures. Simply put, waterproofing plaster. But, as in the case of the roll method, this method for waterproofing a basement with your own hands is more suitable for facades.

The mixture usually includes a polymer emulsion with a dry cement mixture, or simply dry cement mixture. In the first case it is “flexible” waterproofing, in the second it is “rigid”. These materials have increased adhesion, which allows them to be used for waterproofing the inside of the basement.

Penetrating waterproofing of concrete surface

The essence of penetrating basement waterproofing from the inside is as follows:

1. A special mixture is used, the components of which, when reacting with water, form crystals that fill all cracks and correct unevenness.
2. The penetrating ability of the material is up to 25 cm in depth, which allows us to guarantee almost 100% protection of the basement from moisture.

Illustration of the operating principle of concrete penetrating waterproofing

True, there is one nuance that cannot be ignored. This technology for waterproofing walls, floors and ceilings of basements only takes place if the solution is applied to a concrete surface.

Installed waterproofing - bentonite clay

Layout of a clay castle foundation

The principle of operation is to protect the foundation with clay. As you know, clay media has water-repellent properties, which makes it safe to call this method of waterproofing a basement floor as simple and inexpensive as possible. However, in the 21st century, the structure of the moisture-resistant mixture has been improved, which makes it possible to use even a thin layer of several centimeters to waterproof the surface of premises from the effects of moisture on long years. To do this, use a mixture based on bentonite clay, which is placed between geotextile or cardboard protective layer. The result is homemade mats that need to be secured to the affected surface.

Injection protection of the basement from moisture penetration

Injection waterproofing scheme - a special gel is injected into the drilled holes under pressure

Among the advantages of injection waterproofing of the basement are efficiency and reliability. From the name of the method it can be concluded that the waterproofing solution enters the affected area through injection. For this, a packer is used - a special syringe.

The composition of the injection mixture can be different:

1. methacrylate;
2. polyurethane;
3. epoxy.

Injection waterproofing technology:

1. The injection holes are drilled with a hammer drill;

2. Using special equipment ( injection pump) the mixture is introduced (pumped) into the concrete (into a hole, crack, fracture) under pressure, using packers - special needles.

Waterproofing using liquid glass

Liquid glass is a common waterproofing material

Vertical waterproofing of basement walls with liquid glass is an inexpensive method, and experts note its effectiveness. However, beginners in construction and repair work are not recommended to choose this method of waterproofing. The fact is that after adding liquid glass to the mixed concrete mixture the latter sets in just a few minutes. Therefore, you need to work quickly and, most importantly, carefully.

Note: all work must be carried out in construction equipment and using gloves and a protective mask to prevent accidental contact of liquid glass with the mucous membrane of the eyes.

Liquid rubber for waterproofing the basement from the inside

Liquid rubber is a very plastic material

Liquid rubber is also called construction mastic, which can be used to produce both vertical and horizontal waterproofing basement walls. An elastic and high-strength bitumen film with latex additives will reliably protect the basement from moisture penetration. Most experts recommend this method for internal protection of premises from moisture. But there is also a minus - the standard minimum container for liquid rubber is a 200-liter barrel.

Waterproofing a basement with your own hands - how to perform waterproofing work efficiently and avoid stupid mistakes?

Having decided on the method and materials for carrying out internal waterproofing work, where to start and what to pay attention to first?

1. During shrinkage construction site It is quite possible to allow the occurrence of cracks, small discrepancies and even faults. Therefore, when purchasing a new property, it is necessary to meticulously inspect not only the interior of the rooms, but also the basement.
2. Places where communications are installed must be inspected, because during their arrangement, the waterproofing layer could well have been damaged.
3. Joints between the floor and the wall, between joining walls or a wall and the ceiling are required to be inspected.
4. When arranging formwork or during the process of concreting the floor, working seams arise, which also cannot be ignored. As a rule, a small error can lead to the growth of an area that has been damaged by moisture.

Video instructions on the basics of waterproofing work in basements:

Vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the basement room

As mentioned earlier, all work is divided into vertical (walls) and horizontal (ceiling and floor) work.

So, vertical waterproofing simply necessary in the following cases:

• The location of the floor level of the basement and first floor is below ground level;
• Lack of drainage system;
• The location of the basement walls at the groundwater level.

Horizontal waterproofing is necessary when at least one of the following occurs:

• Floor waterproofing is carried out if there is clay soil, which, due to its structure, simply does not allow moisture to seep in.
• Is the base of the basement level with the groundwater flow? Horizontal waterproofing of the floor is simply necessary.

Note: If the property is at the planning stage, you should pay attention to the type of foundation. The most durable and popular option is a monolithic foundation. The block option is a budget option, which may further affect the durability of the basement’s protection from moisture penetration.

Let's sum it up

Regardless of stage construction work, horizontal waterproofing is simply necessary. Anything can happen, including an increase in precipitation. This is especially important in the spring and summer, when the snow melts and the rainy season begins: and this applies not only to buildings with many years of existence, but also to completely new real estate.

The presence of waterproofing of the buried parts of any building affects both the durability load-bearing structures, forming the premises zero level, and on the microclimate, on the operating conditions of mechanisms and machines located on the ground floor or in the basement.

Moisture present in the soil penetrates into building construction and causes corrosion of metal structures and reinforcing elements. Excess moisture in basements creates a favorable environment for the emergence and growth of pathogens.

Basement waterproofing provides complete structural protection and internal space only if the technology is strictly followed interior work, choosing the right ones constructive solutions, selection of high-quality insulating materials and, of course, high-quality execution installation work. Errors in the water protection device are unacceptable due to the difficulty of correcting them. In some cases, the labor intensity of restoring moisture resistance functions is comparable to completely rebuilding the floor and walls in the basement. Work on moisture protection can be organized both outside and inside the premises.

Basement floor waterproofing

When choosing products, it is necessary to take into account the design of the foundation. The basic principle that should be used when constructing a basement is that the circuit that performs the functions of water protection must be closed. When laying separate unrelated layers, the reliability of the entire system is significantly reduced. This often happens when working with strip foundations. When carrying out waterproofing measures for the so-called “floating” floor from the inside of the building and the tape from the outside, the most unreliable joint is the interface between the wall and the floor. Leaks most often occur in these places.

Waterproofing basement walls

When constructing prefabricated wall structures, for example, prefabricated strip (block) foundations, brickwork and so on. Most often, modern built-up or free-laid roll materials are used. The use of the latter is more appropriate. When installing waterproofing monolithic foundation It is also possible to use coating bitumen compositions. However, these products are recommended for use only as anti-corrosion protection load-bearing structures to increase their service life. If you need to ensure the moisture resistance of the basement, it is more advisable to use rolled products.

Materials and technologies

Depending on the method of application and the products used, protection is divided into several types:

Use:

• hot bitumen;
• special mastic - a mixture of bitumen with organic fillers, plasticizers and organic solvents;
• universal bitumen-latex emulsion for water based- water-based mastic.

Mastic or bitumen coating, depending on its base, is used to protect metal structures, basements, balconies, swimming pools, and for gluing rolled bitumen bases.

Bitumen mastics, unlike hot bitumen, do not require special equipment for heating and treating foundations. It is enough to keep the packaging with mastic in a room with a temperature of at least 15 degrees.

Before applying coating horizontal waterproofing, reinforcement of joints, junctions and seams between slabs is required.

Ensuring the moisture resistance of the basement from the inside is ensured by mastics and bitumen. They form a seamless coating, are easily applied to surfaces of complex configurations, and are the most economical means. Apply mastics in two or three layers to a dry (IKOPAL waterproofing mastic) or damp (IKOPAL water-emulsion mastic) surface cleaned of dust and dirt using a spatula, roller or brush.

IKOPAL water-emulsion mastic is well suited for protecting the basement from water if its simultaneous insulation is required. The mastic serves as both an insulating layer and adhesive base for insulation boards.

Features of applying a protective coating

All of the above types of compositions require preparation of the insulated surface before coating. To do this, the following work is performed:

• Clean the base, removing remaining paint, grease stains, dirt, and getting rid of dust.
• Level the surface by removing sharp corners, height differences are more than 2-3 mm for bitumen mastics and 3-4 mm for the rest.
• Primer is applied.
• A primer is applied; if it is missing, the surface is moistened with water to moisten it.

Work order

When preparing mixtures, you should strictly follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the packaging; before use, allow the composition to stand for several minutes to “ripen.” The number of application layers is two, while the second one begins to be applied when the first one has not yet dried completely, but has already set (interval 15-45 minutes).

On protrusions and corners, as well as in other problem areas, additional tape is used, pressing it into the moisture-proof layer.

To increase the durability of the coating, a reinforcing mesh is fixed between layers. This will protect the surface from any type of mechanical stress. The mesh is overlapped by 2 cm, after which it is “recessed” with a roller into the primary base.

Pasted and roll waterproofing

Use:

• cheap welded and glued roll materials based on oxidized bitumen;
• primers for surface preparation - IKOPAL bitumen primers and IKOPAL SBS Primer;
• high-quality built-up bitumen-polymer rolls IKOPAL Ultra N, IKOPAL N and IKOPAL bandage tape;
• specialized non-surfacing roll SBS-modified premium-class bitumen-polymer product ULTRANAP.

Rolled lining materials are used for moisture protection of the basement of a building as follows. Before fusing, the surface is primed with a special composition - IKOPAL Primer or SBS IKOPAL Primer. Deposition is carried out in two layers.

IKOPAL N and IKOPAL Ultra N are laid overlapping, forming a continuous hermetic coating.

ICOPAL's non-surfaced, free-laying ULTRANAP is used to protect foundation walls, foundation slabs and basement floors from moisture.

1 - concrete preparation; 2 - cement-sand screed 20 mm; 3 - Siplast Primer or ICOPAL primer; 4 - geotextiles; 5 - Bandage tape ICOPAL; 6 - Ultranap; 7 - polyethylene film; 8 - cement-sand screed; 9 - foundation slab; 10 - reinforced concrete wall; 11 - metal strip 4x40 mm; 12 - VillaDrain 8 Geo membrane.

ULTRANAP can be laid on a damp concrete surface. It can also be used to protect against radon contained in the soil and has high technical characteristics and withstands significant static pressure of structural elements, as well as high hydrostatic water pressure. Increasing the moisture resistance of the basement using ULTRANAP is carried out in one layer. The rolls are rolled out and welded using a gas torch in places where they overlap. They are attached to the walls mechanically with additional gluing of fastening points with IKOPAL bandage tape.

ULTRANAP is an integral part of high-speed waterproofing technologies.

Sequence of work

• Cleaning from dirt, drying thoroughly.
• Preparation of insulation materials.
• Leveling the working area for applying the composition. Treatment of brickwork with cement-sand mortar while maintaining a height difference of up to 2 mm.
• The first application of mastic or glue with the placement of the canvas.
• Second application of mastic, second installation of sheet (roll) insulation. The number of installations is from 2 to 5.

When gluing vertical surfaces, adhere to the direction of gluing from bottom to top. Maximum width the overlap of the canvases is 20 cm. They go along the edges with putty and apply a thin mastic layer.

The adhesive waterproofing is completed by tapping to determine the unglued areas. To correct errors, cuts are made, the surface inside is dried, mastic or glue is applied to it, after which patches are applied with an overlap of 10 cm.

Mineral-based plaster waterproofing

A rarely used technology for vertical moisture protection of underground premises and foundations. Depending on the method, it is divided into two types: hard and elastic. Rigid is not recommended for use in prefabricated structures.

Elastic mineral waterproofing suitable for protecting the basement from the inside, including for a prefabricated (block) foundation.

Working with such products is highly labor-intensive, and its cost is significantly higher than bitumen coating and roll materials.

Work technology

Application of the protective agent is carried out according to finished surface. To do this, it is cleaned of dirt and the cracks are widened. After this, they are moistened with a primer (the use of PVA adhesive solutions is allowed) and left for an hour for the primer to penetrate into the working surface.

The plaster primer is diluted with water to a thick consistency, after which it is applied in an even layer with a spatula. After the mixture has dried, the procedure is repeated - another layer is applied, the surface is leveled. As a result, a film of several balls is formed, which is resistant to mechanical loads.

Mineral-based self-leveling floor waterproofing

It is carried out using a ready-made mixture of self-leveling floor, which is based on cement or gypsum with mineral filling and forms the finished finishing surface.

Using mineral-based self-leveling compounds it is very difficult to create a closed loop, since it is almost impossible to hermetically connect the waterproofing of the floor and external walls of any basement with its help.

This material Designed primarily for floor protection interior spaces from process fluids, for example, in industrial construction.

Work order

The composition is applied to a previously prepared surface, from which uneven surfaces, dust, dirt, grease stains, and any inclusions that could interfere with good adhesion to the base should be removed.

The finished liquid, which provides moisture-proof properties, is poured in the far corner of the room, after which the composition is distributed around the entire perimeter, using a wide spatula, gradually moving towards the exit. In areas with high humidity, an additional layer of moisture protection may be required. Before applying it, you should wait for the previous one to dry, which can take 4-24 hours.

Penetrating compounds

The compositions are penetrating. They are designed for penetration into the porous-capillary structure of concrete. Easy to apply to the surface. They react with concrete components and form a waterproof protection.

Despite all their simplicity in the execution of work, the compositions are unreliable in the areas of technological seams of structures.

Due to the dynamics of the structure, for example due to its settlement, when microcracks form in the wall structures, the moisture protection will be damaged and will not be able to perform its functions.

Application Features

Penetrating waterproofing is not used with gas and foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, as well as magnesite foam, polystyrene foam concrete and other types of surfaces with big amount por. For them, the use of penetrating compounds is not economically feasible.

The compositions are applied in several stages:

• Preparing the base by removing dirt, adhering dust and old stains. For polished concrete, sandblasting is used, after which the surface is lubricated with a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid to better open the pores.
• At seams and joints, grooves are made in the base; existing cracks are deepened to 2.5 cm and a width of 2 cm, which significantly increases the adhesion of the composition and its penetrating ability.
• The surface to be protected is first treated with a roller or spray moistened with water.
• The dry composition of the mixture is diluted with water according to the instructions on the package. The amount of the finished solution should correspond to the production volume for 30 minutes, since the composition quickly sets, after which a new portion is prepared.
• For application, use a brush, roller or spatula, or spray gun.
• The composition is applied twice with an interval of 1.5 hours. Coating thickness - up to 1 cm.

Brick walls are treated differently. Screws are drilled along the perimeter of the masonry, placing them at an angle of 45 degrees at a depth of 2.5 cm in increments of 5 cm. The made recesses are washed with a stream of water under pressure, after which the plaster mixture is poured into them. Waterproofing is applied immediately after the plaster has dried.

Choosing waterproofing for the foundation

Moisture protection of the basement from the inside is most often carried out only in cases where it is not possible to do it from the outside or when trying to eliminate existing leaks. In any case, the choice of means for performing the work will depend on the type of foundation. This topic is discussed in detail in this article.

Strip monolithic foundation

The principle of ensuring the moisture resistance of the basement when constructing this type of foundation is to lay a rolled, loosely laid layer on the bottom of the pit with a device for releasing horizontal waterproofing beyond the tape by at least 150 mm. Then the walls are protected from the outside using the same freely laid or welded bitumen material and the basement floor slab is formed.

When anti-corrosion treatment of a strip foundation of a non-buried building (without a basement), it is recommended to apply a bitumen welding or coating composition both inside and outside the strip (at the points of contact of the foundation with the ground).

Prefabricated strip foundation

The foundation requires the most thoughtful moisture resistance due to the presence of many joints. Similar to a monolithic strip foundation, it is better to protect it with loosely laid or fused roll materials for waterproofing. The use of coating bitumen and hard mineral compositions is not recommended.

Slab foundation

This type of foundation is a single monolithic reinforced concrete slab under the entire building area. The easiest way to ensure protection from water is the foundation. Before casting monolithic slab a preparation device is recommended - an even layer of compacted sand or “lean” concrete (grade B7.5) about 100 mm thick. According to this preparation, a moisture-proof layer should be laid. The simplest and most durable in this case is free-laid roll products.

Conclusion

When choosing means for arranging moisture resistance, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost of the entire waterproofing layer, taking into account the labor intensity of the work, but also the simplicity combined with the reliability of the entire system.

Rolled protection for the basement differs not only in quality, density, tensile strength and multi-layer, but also in the speed of preparing the waterproofing layer for work, the presence additional elements for reliable connection of joints and, of course, the availability of proven technology for its installation.

Separately worth noting systems approach ICOPAL company for the installation of waterproofing. In addition to specific products, the company offers simple and reliable solutions for effective water protection, as well as drainage of underground and buried structures. When choosing materials for waterproofing basements, first of all you need to pay attention to the possibility of creating a closed loop. It is recommended to carry out the work using products of the same type in order to avoid problems of their interfacing in complex structural units.

Protecting a basement from water is one of the main tasks during its construction. It includes a whole range of measures to ensure the watertightness of the basement walls and floor, as well as to prevent the rise of water inside the structure through the capillaries. The most reliable waterproofing can only be done at the construction stage; all subsequent work will be only half measures that will not give a long-term and sustainable result. But what to do if you bought a ready-made house and discovered that there is often water in the basement? What measures to take, what materials to use. In this article, we will tell you how to waterproof a basement in an existing building and what materials to use for certain jobs.

What type of basement waterproofing can it be?

Before moving directly to waterproofing materials, I would like to clarify what we will protect our basement from. In total, there are three types of waterproofing: anti-pressure, non-pressure and anti-capillary.

Anti-pressure waterproofing a basement is necessary when the groundwater level is higher than the basement floor, and sometimes the walls too, or if there is a seasonal rise to this level during spring floods. Such waterproofing is installed only on the outside of the wall and floor structure. Materials are used that can withstand so-called positive water pressure. This is when water presses its weight against the surface of a structure, such as a wall. But waterproofing the basement of a house from the inside with these materials is useless, since negative water pressure acts there, causing the material to separate from the surface. In addition to this, if groundwater is high, it would be a good idea to install drainage around the basement to drain the water into a drain well or sewer.

Non-pressure waterproofing the basement is to protect against water accumulated due to precipitation or floods. Of course, if anti-pressure waterproofing has already been completed, then there is no point in non-pressure waterproofing. But if the groundwater level in the area is quite low and there is no likelihood of its seasonal rise, then you can only get by with non-pressure waterproofing measures, for example, coating the floor and foundation walls with bitumen mastic.

Anti-capillary waterproofing designed to prevent water from rising through capillaries in concrete foundation walls and floors. This will protect the structure of the house from destruction. If previously, to protect the walls of a house from rising moisture, they simply coated it with bitumen or covered the top of the foundation with roofing felt before arranging the walls, but today the use of penetrating waterproofing is gaining more and more popularity.

Waterproofing basements: materials and technologies

The modern market is saturated with various waterproofing materials. Conventionally, they can be divided according to the method of application and principle of action into several categories: coating, roll, water repellent, penetrating or injection. Each of them is good in its place.

Coating waterproofing materials

This very broad category includes a variety of emulsions, bitumen-based mastics that can be applied both cold and hot, thick-layer bituminous coatings, cement-based compositions, and polymer coating materials.

Mastics are made from special bitumen, which is refined with synthetic rubber, and do not contain solvents. They can be applied to any strong, stable base: concrete, brick, plaster, stone and others, after moistening them. After the mastic dries, a seamless, highly elastic film is formed on the surface. This coating covers all cracks, is not afraid of cold and heat, does not allow water to pass through, and is resistant to aggressive environments. Waterproofing a basement involves applying mastic to external wall foundation for protection from groundwater and storm water. This material can only withstand positive water pressure. Although sometimes mastics are used to fill expansion joints, so be sure to read the instructions before purchasing.

For example, bitumen mastics “Elastopaz” and “Elastomix”, which are also called liquid rubber, are applied to the surface of the floor and walls of the basement from the inside. But remember, the material is not able to resist negative water pressure for a long time, therefore, if external waterproofing of the basement is not carried out, then over time liquid rubber It may break or leak.

Thick-layer bituminous coatings One- and two-component ones are used only to protect house structures from pressure water; they are applied outside the foundation walls and before pouring the basement floor. Can be used on any mineral surfaces: concrete, brick, hollow blocks, sandstone, limestone, plaster, porous concrete and others.

Cement-based compositions can be divided into conventional cement coating waterproofing, cement coating waterproofing with a penetrating effect and auxiliary compositions.

Conventional cement coating waterproofing Also called armoring, it can be applied to any mineral surface. Some materials, after application, can create an elastic coating that will bridge newly formed cracks even up to 2 mm wide.

Cement waterproofing with penetrating effect For use only on concrete surfaces good quality. If cracks and capillaries are larger than 0.4 - 0.5 mm, the material will not work.

Polymer coating waterproofing materials include polyurethane-based materials and universal materials based on MS polymers.

Polyurethane based materials used for durable waterproofing, used in liquid form, they are one or two-component coatings that are applied and harden in a cold state. It makes sense to apply these materials only on the side facing the water. In this case, it is first necessary to carefully prepare the base: it must be clean, dry, without flaws that could interfere with adhesion.

Universal waterproofing based on MS polymers combines the advantages of silicone and polyurethane. This material appeared on the market relatively recently, but has already gained confidence, as it provides reliable crack bridging up to 10 mm and water resistance at the level of a thick-walled coating, and is applied as easily as a conventional bitumen emulsion, again, on the side facing the water .

Pasting waterproofing materials

Pasted waterproofing is carried out using rolled materials by gluing them to the base in several layers. For this you can use roofing felt, stekloizol, glass roofing material, hydrostekloizol, glass felt, hydroisol, hydrobutyl and others. Before installation adhesive waterproofing the surface must be carefully treated: leveled (irregularities up to 2 mm are allowed), dried, primed with bitumen emulsion. The resulting coating is sensitive to mechanical damage, so it is imperative to protect it with a pressure wall.

These materials are relatively new way make the surface water-repellent. Water simply rolls off the surface treated with a water repellent. But when new cracks appear, the material is not able to heal them, and it does not penetrate deeply into the surface structure, no more than 5 mm, so over time it is washed out and weathered. Gradually, the water-repellent properties decrease: if the material is water-based, then after 1 - 3 years, and if it is solvent-based, then after 5 - 10 years.

Penetrating waterproofing

Used to ensure water resistance concrete structures. The composition applied to the surface is a mixture of Portland cement, active chemical additives and finely ground quartz sand. It must be applied to a damp surface, while the active elements react with water, resulting in the formation of crystals that fill all the pores, capillaries and cracks in the concrete and do not allow water to pass through. The penetration depth of crystals is from 15 to 25 cm, but some trade marks They claim that their material is capable of penetrating up to 90 cm deep.

Penetrating waterproofing - great way insulate the basement from the inside. But at the same time, it has several disadvantages: it is used only on concrete surfaces, the concrete must be of good quality, with capillaries and cracks up to 0.4 mm deep.

When wondering how to properly waterproof a basement, pay attention to the fact that external waterproofing Almost all materials offered on the market are suitable: coating, lining, water repellent, liquid rubber and others, and for internal waterproofing you can use penetrating waterproofing. Moreover, under the term internal waterproofing basement means protecting the basement from ground or storm water, as well as capillary water. Because if you want to protect the basement from water that may appear due to leaks of communications, i.e. inside the basement, then coating materials, mastics and emulsions can be used to waterproof the floor.

The situation when water enters the basement, but it is not possible to carry out full external waterproofing, is not uncommon. Quite often, there is simply no external waterproofing of the foundation, or it has collapsed over time. At the same time, it is not possible to dig out the foundation and carefully treat its surface due to the fact that the houses are too close to each other or for other reasons. That is why home owners are looking for opportunities to waterproof the basement with their own hands, without resorting to excavation work.

Important! We would like to warn you right away that for high-quality protection from groundwater, waterproofing will be required on the outside of the foundation walls. This is the only way moisture will not penetrate the walls and inside the basement, pressing the waterproofing material against the wall surface. If there is no external waterproofing of the foundation walls, water will penetrate into the thickness of the walls, and then into the basement.

Waterproofing a basement from the inside with your own hands can include several types of work, for example, anti-capillary protection of concrete walls and basement floors and protection with liquid rubber.

Among all the penetrating materials, the following can be distinguished:

• Mixtures that are applied to concrete surfaces both outside and inside structures to make them waterproof;
• Mixtures and compositions for sealing seams, cracks, joints. Used in combination with the first mixtures;
• Fast-hardening compounds that can stop a leak in a matter of seconds;
• Additives to concrete mortar that are used during the construction stage.

Before applying penetrating waterproofing to the surfaces inside the basement, it is necessary to clean the room and thoroughly prepare the concrete surfaces. This is some of the difficulty in using penetrating materials, since to clean and moisten the concrete you will have to use special equipment or do it manually. If the capillaries of the concrete are closed, the material will not be able to get inside.

Important! Penetrating waterproofing is applied only to wet concrete. It is better if it is freshly poured.

All cracks and cracks must be opened and cleared, and then sealed with material for joints and seams, for example, Penecrit.

Then, according to the instructions, a solution for walls and floors is prepared, for example, “Penetron”, and applied with a brush or roller in a layer of 1 - 2 mm. Then you need to let the first layer dry and absorb and repeat the operation. Reacting with water, the material forms hydrophobic crystals, which extend deep into the concrete structure by 10 - 15 cm, and sometimes more, clogging the capillaries and preventing water from penetrating not only into the basement, but also into the concrete structure.

Learn more about complex penetrating basement waterproofing video.

On the market you can choose a material more suitable for certain conditions: “Hydrohit”, “Lakhta”, “Kalmatron”, “Xipex”, “Maxill”, “Penetron”.

Basement waterproofing with liquid rubber

As additional measure In addition to penetrating waterproofing of concrete, the walls and floor of the basement can be treated with liquid rubber - a modern polymer or bitumen waterproofing material.

For self-application, one-component materials are suitable, for example, “Elastopaz” and “Elastomix”, which can be applied with a roller or brush without heating. Moreover, work can be carried out at any time of the year. The compositions are sold ready-to-use; just open the bucket and mix thoroughly.

To waterproof a basement with liquid rubber, the surface on which it will be applied must be cleaned of dust and debris, dried if necessary, and leveled. In principle, careful leveling is not required, since the material itself will close all the cracks and bulges, forming a membrane, but if the height differences are too large, the material consumption will increase.

Then we apply a primer to the walls and floor, preferably the one recommended by the material manufacturer. Next, open the bucket and mix the contents using a mixing attachment on a drill.

We apply the material to the surface of the walls and floor with a roller, spatula or brush, focusing Special attention unevenness, cracks and chips. And leave it to dry. After complete hardening, the material will resemble rubber.

Waterproofing with liquid rubber from the inside of the basement does not protect the walls from water penetrating into their thickness. Over time, the concrete will become saturated with water to such an extent that it will begin to tear the rubber away from the surface. Although the manufacturer claims that rubber penetrates up to 15 mm deep into concrete, in the event of severe groundwater or storm water pressure, this coating will last no more than 4 - 5 years.

Since such materials are not designed for negative water pressure, it is advisable to install pressure walls and screed the floor in a layer of up to 50 - 100 mm. This way you can guarantee no leaks for quite a long time.

Internal waterproofing of the basement is just an additional, auxiliary measure. She is unable to provide maximum reliability. Therefore, at the first opportunity, it is still worth digging out the foundation and performing waterproofing correctly. If groundwater are quite low and never disturb, then sometimes it is enough to perform penetrating insulation from the inside, polymer materials or special cement-based plasters. But remember, this will not protect the walls from water accumulation.

Waterproofing the basement from the inside: video review

Problem high humidity and the formation of condensation in basements is relevant for many country homeowners. Very often it occurs due to incorrectly made or ineffective waterproofing (both external and internal). The reason may also be the wrong choice insulating material, when the emphasis is on its versatility, without taking into account the specifics of operation. Waterproofing basement walls should be done during the construction phase of the house. And it is best to do it from the outside, because the effectiveness of insulation made from the inside is much lower.

In cases where a country house was built a long time ago, and the problem of dampness in the basement arises constantly, it is necessary to think about updating the moisture-proof layer. It should be noted here that installing external waterproofing in already built houses is fraught with many difficulties. After all, you will have to re-dig the pit under the walls, which may negatively affect operational characteristics foundation. Therefore, you can choose from two options here: either entrust the work to professionals, or start installing an internal waterproofing layer in the basement.

There are several methods for waterproofing basement walls, which are the most widespread.

Coating waterproofing

Coated insulation is best suited for you if the problem of capillary moisture penetrating into the basement is a pressing issue for you. Waterproofers of this type are presented in the form of mastics, which must be applied to the walls using a spatula and other tools. As soon as the insulator dries after application, a monolithic film will be formed on the surface, which will provide protection from moisture for a long time.

Coating waterproofing is performed using special mastics.

For many years, bituminous mastics have been the market leader in coating waterproofing materials. Without a doubt, they are effective. But their main drawback is their limited service life. The service life of a bitumen-based insulator does not exceed several years.

On modern market There is a solid range of hydrophobic materials that fall into the category of coating waterproofing. Most of them are made on the basis of polymers and minerals. Their composition, as a rule, includes special modifiers, which make it possible to provide all the necessary properties of the material.

The main advantages of modern coating waterproofing:

• Ease of use, ease of application to the wall surface, elasticity of the composition.
• Goes well with concrete walls and any other surfaces made from mineral materials.
• Durable, reliable and effective insulator.
• Reasonable prices for compositions designed for use in basements and cellars.

Pasted waterproofing

Pasted vertical and horizontal waterproofing has been used for a long time and everywhere. It involves the use of waterproof roll materials that can be glued to the basement wall from the outside and inside. Installation occurs using special adhesives or by fusing. It is very important to be careful when working with waterproofing adhesive materials, because there is a high probability of mechanical damage due to careless installation.

Today, as experts note, everything less people They use traditional adhesive insulators such as roofing felt and roofing felt, because these materials are not able to provide a sufficient level of protection from moisture, and also cannot boast of a long service life. On the market you can now find durable, reliable and effective adhesive waterproofing insulators, which are produced using European equipment and international technologies from synthetic substances such as fiberglass and polymers.

Before gluing, the rolled material is heated.

Self-adhesive insulation in rolls can also be found on sale. Of course, working with such material is very easy and you can handle everything yourself, however, its use as the main waterproofing layer is not recommended. If you have a small basement where the problem of high humidity and dampness is not too pressing, then self-adhesive waterproofing will be an excellent solution for you.

Experts recommend paying special attention to modern membrane waterproofing materials, which are produced on the basis of polymers and bitumen. IN last years More and more country homeowners are choosing membrane materials that allow high level protection from moisture. In addition, they are durable and resistant to mechanical damage. Membrane waterproofers are quite expensive, but their performance characteristics and service life are beyond doubt.

The use of penetrating waterproofing is one of the most effective ways providing moisture protection for basement walls made of brick or concrete. This type of insulation is presented in the form of dry cement-sand mixtures, which have been modified with the help of chemical additives.

The active substance of the insulator penetrates into the structure of the wall material, completely filling all microcracks and openings. As a result, all capillaries through which moisture could potentially enter the basement are completely clogged, and the water permeability of the walls is reduced to almost zero. In many ways, the effectiveness of this type of insulation will depend on the correct preparation and application of the solution.

The composition penetrates the pores of the material and clogs them.

To prepare a solution of penetrating insulation, you need to fill the purchased mixture with water in the proportions specified in the instructions. Too much or insufficient amount of water will reduce the activity of the active substances of the insulator, as well as worsen their further interaction with the wall material. Before applying the solution to the wall, you need to clean the surface from dirt, grease stains and old finishes. This approach will open up many pores and also increase the absorbing properties of the material.

Penetrating waterproofing also has its disadvantages. This insulator is not elastic, may crack during use, and also does not guarantee durability of use under constant exposure to water from the outside and inside.

Injection waterproofing

Injection waterproofing is one of the most suitable and optimal methods getting rid of moisture. With its help, you can eliminate leaks in the walls of the basement or cellar. The principle of operation of this insulation is that it fills all visible cracks.

This type of insulation is applied using special equipment, so in this case it is impossible to do without the involvement of specialists. It should be noted that the base of the insulator is polymer resins, which are completely safe for indoor use. This great option if you require high-quality waterproofing from the inside.

Injection - perfect way get rid of leaks.

Among the main advantages of injection isolation are:

• Complete elimination of existing leaks from cracks. The entry of moisture into the basement is blocked immediately after the insulation is applied.
• There is no additional need to prepare the wall surface, because cracks are filled from the inside and only in those places where it is necessary.
• The insulator does not require any special care.
• The material is elastic, durable and reliable.

This perfect solution to eliminate leaks from inside the basement. Especially if you are not concerned about groundwater.

Choosing an insulation method

If you need waterproofing of walls from the outside or inside, then you can choose one of several options for its installation proposed above. Of course, many experts recommend using combined options when, for example, coating and roll insulation applied on one wall. This approach allows you to reliably protect the basement from moisture penetration, as well as from the formation of condensation.

The choice of one or another method of installing a waterproofing layer will depend on the characteristics of the premises and the specific use. For example, somewhere the walls outside are affected by groundwater, somewhere by high water, and somewhere just by precipitation. For different cases comprehensive vertical and horizontal insulation of the walls of the basement is arranged.

Waterproofing protects the basement from the harmful effects of ground and surface water. Even the most durable concrete throughout its entire volume it has pores and microcracks, which have little effect on strength, but can allow water to flow into the structure. Over time, water reduces the characteristics of concrete, contributes to the destruction of reinforcement, and increases heat loss in the house. This is critical for a basement where humidity increases and there is a risk of flooding during spring floods or heavy precipitation. Effective protection is waterproofing the basement from the outside from groundwater; it is only important to choose the optimal waterproofing option.

A set of measures for waterproofing the basement and foundation

Moisture protection for the foundation and basement is always a set of measures aimed not only at creating a durable barrier, but also at draining ground and surface water away from the house, garage or other building that has a basement. The structure of water protection systems is as follows:

• for drainage of groundwater;
• and blind area for drainage of surface water;
• waterproofing the foundation from the outside;

Let's take a closer look at the methods and materials used for waterproofing the basement from the outside. Based on the principle of application and purpose, there are three types of waterproofing:

• penetrating;
• low pressure;
• high-pressure

Penetrating waterproofing is designed to protect and strengthen the concrete of the foundation. This whole group compositions similar in properties and effect. Their main strength is the ability to penetrate deep into the concrete structure through microcracks and pores and clog them. This happens due to the polymerization of the elements of the composition, after which any, even the smallest capillaries in the volume of concrete are closed with polymer crystals. They are hydrophobic in nature and do not allow water to penetrate further, but have little effect on the vapor permeability of the material.

Low-pressure waterproofing provides immediate protection against moisture. This is a layer of hydrophobic insulating material fixed over the concrete base of the basement walls. It can be:

• roll materials from polymer films;
• bitumen-based roll materials;
• coating polymer materials;
• liquid rubber, bitumen-containing mastics and coatings;
• liquid glass.

Basic requirements for low-pressure waterproofing:

• uniformity and continuity of waterproofing properties of the finished coating;
• good adhesion to the surface of the foundation and basement walls;
• corrosion resistance and durability.

High-pressure waterproofing itself is already comprehensive solution. This is a durable and wear-resistant multi-layer structure, the main purpose of which is to withstand high groundwater pressure. Mandatory type of protection for houses and other structures with deep foundations and basements, near which groundwater rises above the edge of the structure.

The protection consists of several layers of waterproofing material alternating with cement plaster. Polymer or bitumen-containing fillers are added to the plaster solution, which can give it hydrophobic and waterproofing properties. For rigidity and strength, the pressure waterproofing is additionally reinforced with galvanized steel or polymer mesh.

It is worth remembering that even the most reliable and thick-walled waterproofing will last a long time and without problems only if there is effective system drainage organized around the perimeter of the building and a strong wide blind area with a clay castle.

Complete basement waterproofing includes protection of walls and floors. The best option protection will be erected during the construction stage of the building. If you need to restore or replace protection on an already used house, you will have to expose the foundation and, if possible, replace the floor in the basement or form a second layer with a new layer of waterproofing.

Materials

For external waterproofing, materials must be strong, durable and resistant to aggressive environments. Specific materials such as polyurea or sprayed polyurethane are no longer advisable to use. By her own bitumen mastic is not suitable as a stand-alone product and is combined with other materials that can take on part of the load.

Penetrating waterproofing

An extensive section of waterproofing compounds, the main task of which is to impregnate concrete and plug pores and microcracks, preventing the penetration and spread of moisture. However, they should not, if possible, interfere with the vapor permeability of the material.

This required element external waterproofing of the basement. It is advisable to use penetrating compounds at the stage of pouring concrete into the foundation and basement walls, when the solution has already been poured, but has not yet dried. Primers are used to treat structures that are already in use. deep penetration and penetrating waterproofing in diluted form.

Ruberoid

Classic bitumen-containing waterproofing material. Ruberoid is glued on top of basement walls and building foundations. To do this, strips of material and the base of the walls are heated gas burner and press tightly against each other. Forms a fairly tight contact.

The base is fabric made of polymer fibers or thick paper. The first option is preferable, because polypropylene and polyester fibers do not rot and give the material tensile strength, which is especially important, because the waterproofing layer will come into contact through the geotextile with the soil and backfill of the drainage system.

Polymer membranes

Film and roll materials made of polypropylene or PVC with a reinforced structure. Over the entire surface, protrusions are formed by pressing in the shape of a truncated cone and micro-perforations, if it is a vapor-permeable membrane.

Polymer membranes do not provide tight contact with the base. More often polymer waterproofing held in place by pressing with a layer of soil or additional lathing, shields, etc.

Liquid rubber

Liquid rubber is based on the same bitumen with the addition of various polymers, rubber and binding components. Initially, the composition is diluted with water and applied to the surface to be treated. After setting and polymerization, a seamless waterproofing coating 3-10 mm thick is formed with high adhesion to concrete. Since the strength of the layer is quite weak, reinforcement with polypropylene mesh or galvanized steel mesh is used. High-pressure waterproofing consists of alternating layers of liquid rubber with cement plaster and reinforcement.

Liquid glass

In the external waterproofing of basements, liquid glass in pure form not used. It is added to cement mortar for plastering, used as an additive to coating compositions or as an impregnation for pre-treatment joints, cracks and other damage during restoration work.

Bitumen mastics

It is used on the same principle as liquid rubber, and also as an additive to other coating compositions. Bitumen itself does not have sufficient strength and durability to cope with loads.

Cement waterproofing

Full external protection Basement walls are not possible without a layer of plaster, which will protect the waterproofing materials and provide strength to the entire set of measures to contain groundwater. Cement compositions with the addition of bitumen, liquid glass or polymer components are used to perform restoration work.

Injection waterproofing

A separate type of external waterproofing. To protect an already in use building, when it is not possible to expose the entire depth of the foundation, much less reach under the base of the floor in the basement, waterproofing materials can be delivered to the outside using the injection method.

WITH inside walls and floors in the basement, through holes are drilled according to a certain pattern or following a certain step. Next, using special nozzles and a compression unit, the waterproofing compound is pumped through the holes. Hardening on the outside of the foundation, the solution forms a durable layer of high-pressure waterproofing.

Wall waterproofing technology

Procedure for restoring waterproofing of the foundation and basement walls from the outside:

1. The blind area is dismantled and soil is selected to create a trench at least a meter wide around the perimeter of the basement. If necessary, groundwater should be pumped out during work. The old finishing and waterproofing are completely dismantled. Further work are carried out after the concrete surface has dried, this may require several days or the use of heat guns.
2. The bare part of the concrete base from the very base and up to the base 10-20 cm above the ground level is precisely the target surface for organizing a waterproofing layer. It must be cleaned of soil and other contaminants. It is best to use an angle grinder with a medium-hard brush to open pores and cracks and eliminate all defective areas.
3. The seams between blocks or individual elements of the foundation are selected to a depth of at least 5-6 cm. In the case of a tight joint between the blocks, the seams are expanded so as to obtain a groove 2-3 cm wide and 3-4 cm deep. Cracks are grooved, other damage is further deepened, It is advisable to deepen and widen pinpoint damage using a 40-60 mm drill.
4. The entire surface is cleaned of dust and dirt and covered with penetrating waterproofing or primer.
5. The previously prepared grooves and recesses are filled with cement waterproofing mortar with the addition of liquid glass or polymer components. It is advisable to use ready-made coating mixtures for waterproofing. Further work is carried out after the solution has dried and the foundation surface is leveled.
6. For complete high-pressure waterproofing, first the basement walls from the outside are plastered with a cement waterproofing compound with reinforcement.
7. A layer of waterproofing is applied (roofing felt, polymer membranes, bitumen-containing mastics or other coating agents intended for waterproofing foundations).
8. The second time the surface is plastered.
9. Sand is poured into the bottom of the trench and compacted. A layer of geotextile is fixed to the bottom of the trench and its reverse side. Coarse gravel is poured and laid drainage pipe with outlet to a prepared well for drainage. The gravel backfill layer is increased by another 10-15 cm on top of the pipe and covered with geotextiles.
10. The soil is filled in, leaving a depression to form a blind area. A layer of clay is laid for the clay castle. The reinforcement is laid, the blind area is cast.

When constructing a new foundation and basement, impregnating waterproofing materials are used while the concrete is not yet completely dry. Naturally, restoring the integrity of the concrete base is also not required.

The floor is waterproofed over a sand bed. Roofing felt is laid and poured over it rough screed, liquid glass or appropriate plasticizers and hydrophobic additives should be added to concrete.