Equipment for lubrication and filling works. Refueling equipment

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Equipment for lubrication and filling works

Despite the large range of such equipment, each sample is based on relatively simple and identical structural elements- engine, pump, reservoir, instruments (pressure gauges or flow meters), hoses, dispensing devices (guns, etc.).

Functionally, it should be divided into equipment:

· for lubrication with grease through grease nipples of friction units of cars under high pressure. The equipment must be stationary, mobile, portable, and according to the type of drive devices installed - electric, pneumatic, foot and manual drive. The working pressure developed by the superchargers ranges from 250 kgf/cm 2 to 400 kgf/cm 2 , productivity - up to 250 g/min, hopper capacity - from 10 liters (portable) to 200 liters (stationary).

· for dispensing liquid oils and refueling vehicle components. There are oil dispensers and tanks. Oil dispensers are designed for filling engines (units) with oil and measuring the single and total amount of oil dispensed. Speakers are included pumping units(with electric or manual drive), mounted on the neck of the oil tank, connecting pipelines, self-reeling hoses with dispensing valves and a number of others additional devices and instruments. To heat the oil when working in conditions low temperatures the speakers can be equipped with additional electrically heated tanks. The productivity of oil dispensers depends on the type of drive and is 10-20 l/min for electrically driven dispensers and up to 5 l/min for manually driven dispensers. Oil dispensing tanks are used to fill the engine and power transmission units of a vehicle with motor or transmission oils. Structurally, they are made in the form of a cylindrical tank on two wheels with a handle for movement. They are equipped with hand pumps mounted on its cover and a distribution hose with a tubular tip and a discharge valve. Tank capacity 20 l, productivity - up to 3 l/min. Stationary oil dispensing tanks with a device for ensuring automatic operation include a pump with an electric motor, dispensing hoses with tips, a valve block, a pressure switch, filters and other elements. Installation capacity (at a summer transmission oil temperature of 20°C) is not less than 12 l/min, operating pressure 8-15 kgf/cm 2, hose length - up to 4 m.

· for filling the brake hydraulic drive with brake fluid. The equipment is similar to equipment for dispensing liquid oils.

· to provide compressed air production and tire inflation. Equipment is divided into stationary and mobile. Automatic air dispensers are designed for inflating and inflating tires with air. Stationary speakers include a housing, a pressure gauge, a hose with a tip, a control system, and other elements. The columns differ mainly in the pressure gauges installed on them. In the columns for passenger cars the supplied air pressure is 4-6 kgf/cm 2 , measurement limits are 0-4 kgf/cm 2 , measurement accuracy is ±0.06 kgf/cm 2 . In the columns for trucks respectively 10-15 kgf/cm2, 0-10 kgf/cm2, ±0.15 kg/cm2. Compressors used to receive and supply compressed air consumers, are divided into piston, turbine, single- and multi-stage, stationary, mobile, portable, with receivers to stabilize the air pressure entering the main line.

· complex purpose (combined). Combined equipment includes installations and other products designed to perform several functions - refueling various types oils and lubricants, filling and bleeding hydraulic brakes, etc.
Posted on ref.rf
Thus, the lubrication and filling unit model 3141 is used for centralized mechanized lubrication of vehicles and filling them with oils, water and air. The installation is stationary, consists of three tanks with submersible pumps for oils and lubricants, five self-reeling hoses with distribution drums, three of them are connected to the mentioned tanks, the fourth is connected through a gearbox to the air line and serves to supply compressed air to the tires, the fifth is connected to plumbing system and is intended for filling radiators with water. The installation elements can be separated and used independently. Another model 1147 unit for flushing engine oil systems serves to supply flushing oil, pump it out of the engine and clean it for reuse. The installation is mobile and consists of a gear pump, an electric motor, an oil tank with a capacity of 60 liters, a centrifugal oil purifier, a receiving filter with a magnetic plug, a filter fine cleaning, oil level indicator in the tank, pressure gauge, magnetic starter, circuit breaker electric motor, three-way valves for changing the type of operation of the device, a hose with a set of replaceable fittings screwed into the engine oil pan, a two-wheeled trolley with a handle. The installation capacity is 12 l/min at an oil pressure of 25 kgf/cm 2, the electric motor power is 0.6 kW.

Equipment for lubrication and refueling works - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Equipment for lubrication and refueling works" 2017, 2018.

Equipment for lubrication of vehicle units and components

Mobile grease pumps with pneumatic drive

The supercharger kit also includes a hose with a dispensing gun.

Electrically driven stationary lubrication blowers and a transfer pump ensure the simultaneous operation of several lubrication stations, supplying it directly from standard containers to the dispensing guns.

16. Equipment for filling brake fluid

Brake fluid filling equipment designed for pouring brake fluid into the brake system of vehicles with hydraulic drive, bringing it into working condition and performing, depending on the requirements, individual control operations. Equipment for refilling brake fluid can be portable, mobile or stationary.

Portable brake fluid tank is a closed steel tank, the pressure in which is controlled using a pressure gauge. The tank is filled with brake fluid through the filler neck.

Mobile installations for filling and bleeding hydraulic brakes of cars are intended for carrying out a range of work on servicing the hydraulic brake drive.

Modern car repair facilities and specialized stations use computer control tools to centrally control the system of distribution, collection and disposal of all types of oils, lubricants and technical fluids.

A centralized computer system for distributing technical fluids allows you to simultaneously monitor the distribution of several types of technical fluids at all posts, control the availability of all types of liquids and automatically notify about the need to re-order a certain type of liquid. This system provides automatic prohibition of the dispensing of liquid, the level of which in the tank is equal to the minimum permissible for safe work pump

17. Equipment for supplying greases

Equipment for lubrication of vehicle units and components designed for supplying grease through grease nipples to the rubbing components of vehicles. This includes various lubricant blowers.

Mobile grease pumps with pneumatic drive (Fig. 4.2) consist of a special tank (cylinder) placed on a trolley and a pumping unit with high and low pressure pumps.

Rice. 4.2. Mobile grease pump with pneumatic drive

The supercharger kit also includes a hose with a dispensing gun.

Lubrication and filling works are designed to reduce wear and resistance in friction units, as well as to ensure the normal functioning of systems containing technical fluids and lubricants. Operations of replacing engine and transmission oils, injecting grease, and replacing coolant can be classified as the most frequently performed work at stations Maintenance and repair of cars and trucks. These works make up a significant amount of TO-1 (16...26%) and TO-2 (9...18%). Lubrication and refueling work consists of replacing or replenishing units (assemblies) with oils, fuel, technical fluids, and replacing filters.

The quality of this work is one of the significant factors affecting the resource of nodes. For example, in most designs of ball joints for passenger cars, the supply of “factory” lubricant is sufficient for the entire period of operation. However, in those supports where there are holes for the oiler and lubrication is carried out in the TO-2 mode, the service life increases by 20...30%. This is explained by the fact that, despite the protective rubber cover, water and dirt (abrasive) can penetrate inside the support, and the newly incoming lubricant cleans the rubbing surfaces. Operating the engine with an oil level below the permissible level leads to a complete drop in pressure in the lubrication system and failure of the crankshaft liners. A decrease in brake fluid level allows air to enter the system and cause system failure.

The main technological document that determines the content of lubrication work is a chemical map, which indicates the locations of lubrication points, the frequency of lubrication, brands of oils, and their filling volumes.

Component Refueling works are flushing. When washing, wear products are washed away, which ensures Better conditions operation of parts and newly filled liquids. Regular replacement of the entire volume of brake fluid in the system increases the durability of the rubber sealing lips by 1.5...2.5 times.

Tire inflation also indirectly relates to refueling work. Inflating a truck tire must be carried out in a special metal fence, capable of protecting service personnel from impacts from removable rim parts in the event of their spontaneous dismantling. In road conditions, when inflating, the tire should lie locking device to the ground.

The pressure rating for a specific model can most correctly be determined by the inscription on the sidewall of the tire; it may indicate pressure in different units and give several different values depending on the load on the tire. If you do not know the actual load, it is better to focus on the maximum values. If there is no pressure marking on the tire, you must be guided by the catalogs and brochures of the tire manufacturer (but not the car), which provide the recommended standards for each specific model.

Equipment classification. In order to minimize the time of lubrication and refueling work, the convenience of their implementation, control the consumption of lubricants and other liquid refueling materials, compliance with fire, sanitary and environmental safety standards, a wide range of equipment corresponding to functional purpose, capable of satisfying the needs of service station owners and specialists.

Equipment for lubrication and refueling work is divided into stationary and mobile. The supply of oil (liquids) is provided by injection devices driven by electricity or compressed air. Some models have a manual drive.

At specialized posts for lubrication and refueling (refueling) of vehicles, it is advisable to use stationary universal mechanized installations. In most cases, they have a panel containing several drums with self-reeling hoses and dispensing tips (taps) for motor and transmission oils, grease, water, and compressed air. Oils and lubricants are supplied to the distribution hoses using pneumatic pumps installed in tanks - standard barrels in which oils and lubricants are delivered to the ATP. When supplying liquid oils, a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa is provided, when supplying plastic lubricants - 25...40 MPa. The need is so high pressure caused by the fact that with unsystematic lubrication of friction units, for example a pivot joint, wear products clog the supply channels. In some cases, it is necessary to use manual “punchers” - devices in which pressure is created by a pair: a cylinder with a threaded channel filled with lubricant, and a threaded rod screwed into it. Except wall version, installation can be floor or ceiling mounted. Some models have oil consumption meters. There are separate settings for one specific type lubricants There are models for motor oil that allow you to warm it up. For plastic lubricants, blowers are produced that have an individual drive. Main differences different models Single-purpose installations consist of the design of feed pumps and oil (lubricant) tanks.

To fill, pump or replace the working fluid of the hydraulic brake drive, devices are produced that are a tank of several liters, from which the brake fluid is supplied to the main brake cylinder under the action of compressed air (0.3 MPa) through a distribution hose and a threaded fitting. With such a device, one person can replace the brake fluid or bleed the system. Some devices of this type allow you to check the quality of the brake fluid.

To apply liquid anti-corrosion coatings to the lower surfaces and tail of the car, installations are produced in box-type cavities that spray (with a pressure of 0.5...1.0 MPa) anti-corrosion emulsions (with air). Coating viscosity 70…150 mm 2 /s.

A wide range of equipment creates some problem for the consumer optimal choice. Below is a classification of equipment of the same functional purpose according to the principle of operation.

Installations for removing (extracting) motor and transmission oils (Fig. 22) from units are classified according to the principle of their operation:

1. Drain – oil is removed by gravity flow through drainer in the vehicle unit;

2. Decompression - oil is removed by pumping from the vehicle unit into an installation container, the pressure in which is below atmospheric;

3. Installations in which oil is removed by pumping it out with a built-in vacuum electric pump through the oil dipstick hole or by gravity (the presence of a pre-chamber with a volume indication and an inspection window allows you to control the volume of pumped out liquid);

4. Pneumatic – equipped with a pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line;

5. Combined - oil can be removed either by pumping (decompression) or by gravity (draining method), depending on the situation.

The above installations can be portable, movable (mobile) or stationary. You should pay attention to the method of removing oils from the installation tank after it has been filled to its maximum capacity in a container for storage and further disposal. Unloading of oils from the reservoir for volumes less than 25 liters is carried out manually, for larger volumes - pneumatically.

Rice. 22. Installations for waste removal oils

Oil filling installations (Fig. 23) are classified according to their operating principle as follows:

1. Manual – the oil supply pump is operated manually;

2. Compression - the oil is supplied by compressed air in the installation tank (it is important that such installations operate independently of the source of compressed air, for example, a pneumatic line);

3. Pneumatic - oil supply is carried out in doses by a double-action pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line (assuming various models pumps and methods of their installation on containers of any size, including standard barrels, wall mounting is possible, placement on rolling carts with containers installed on them).

Pneumatic systems are also used (including with electronically controlled) centralized supply of oils, lubricants and liquids through pipelines from the warehouse Supplies to jobs.

Rice. 23. M gas stations installations

1. Lubrication and filling works

2. Equipment classification

3. Equipment samples

Bibliography

Lubrication and filling works

Lubrication and refueling work is intended to reduce wear and resistance in friction units, as well as to ensure the normal functioning of systems containing technical fluids and lubricants. Operations of replacing engine and transmission oils, injecting grease, and replacing coolant can be classified as the most frequently performed work at service and repair stations for cars and trucks. These works make up a significant amount of TO-1 (16-26%) and TO-2 (9-18%). Lubrication and refueling work consists of replacing or replenishing units (assemblies) with oils, fuel, technical fluids, and replacing filters.

The quality of this work is one of the significant factors affecting the resource of nodes. For example, in most designs of ball joints for passenger cars, the supply of “factory” lubricant is sufficient for the entire period of operation. However, in those supports where there are holes for the oiler and lubrication is carried out in TO-2 mode, the service life increases by 20-30%. This is explained by the fact that, despite the protective rubber cover, water with dirt (abrasive) can penetrate inside the support; the newly incoming lubricant cleans the rubbing surfaces. Operating the engine with an oil level below the permissible level leads to a complete drop in pressure in the lubrication system and failure of the crankshaft liners. A decrease in brake fluid level allows air to enter the system and cause it to fail.

An integral part of refueling work is flushing. When flushing, wear products are washed away, which provides better operating conditions for parts and newly filled liquids. Replacing, for example, the entire volume of brake fluid in the system (once a year), which equates to flushing work, increases the durability of the rubber sealing collars by 1.5-2.5 times.

Tire inflation also indirectly relates to refueling work. Inflating a truck tire must be carried out in a special metal enclosure that can protect operating personnel from impacts from removable rim parts in the event of their spontaneous dismantling. In road conditions, when inflating, the tire should lie with the locking device facing the ground.

The pressure norm for a specific model can most correctly be determined by the inscription on the sidewall of the tire; it may indicate pressure in different units and give several different values depending on the load on the tire. If you do not know the actual load, it is better to focus on the maximum values. If there is no pressure marking on the tire, you must be guided by the catalogs and brochures of the tire manufacturer (but not the car), which provide the recommended standards for each specific model.

2 .Equipment classification

In order to minimize the time of lubrication and refueling work, the convenience of their implementation, control the consumption of lubricants and other liquid refueling materials, compliance with fire, sanitary and environmental safety standards, the market offers a wide range of equipment for appropriate functional purposes that can satisfy the needs of service station owners and specialists .

At specialized posts for lubrication and refueling (refueling) of vehicles, it is advisable to use stationary universal mechanized installations. In most cases, they have a panel containing several drums with self-reeling hoses and dispensing tips (taps) for motor and transmission oils, grease, water, and compressed air. Oils and lubricants are supplied to the distribution hoses using pneumatic pumps installed in tanks - standard barrels in which oils and lubricants are delivered to the ATP. When supplying liquid oils, a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa is provided, when supplying plastic lubricants - 25-40 MPa. The need for such a high pressure is due to the fact that with unsystematic lubrication of friction units, such as a pivot joint, wear products clog the supply channels. In some cases, it is necessary to use manual “punchers” - devices in which pressure is created by a pair: a cylinder with a threaded channel filled with lubricant, and a threaded rod screwed into it. In addition to the wall option, installation can be floor or ceiling mounted. Some models have oil consumption meters. There are separate settings for one specific type of lubricant. There are models for motor oil that allow you to warm it up. For plastic lubricants, blowers are produced that have an individual drive. The main differences between different models of installations for the same purpose are in the design of feed pumps and oil (lubricant) reservoirs.

To apply liquid anti-corrosion coatings to the lower surfaces and tail of a car, installations are produced in box-type cavities that spray (with a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa) anti-corrosion emulsions (with air). Coating viscosity 70-150 mm 2 /s.

A wide range of equipment creates a certain problem of optimal choice for the consumer. Let us classify equipment of the same functional purpose according to the principle of operation.

Installations for removing (extracting) motor and transmission oils from units are classified according to the principle of their operation:

1. Drain – oil is removed by gravity under the influence of gravity through the drain hole in the vehicle unit;

2. Decompression - oil is removed by pumping from the vehicle unit into a container, installation, in which the pressure is below atmospheric;

4. Pneumatic – equipped with a pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line;

5. Combined - oil can be removed either by pumping (decompression) or by gravity (draining method), depending on the situation.

Oil filling installations are classified according to their operating principle as follows:

1. Manual – the oil supply pump is operated manually;

3. Pneumatic - oil is supplied in doses by a double-acting pneumatic pump connected to a pneumatic line (various models of pumps and methods of their installation on containers of any size are proposed, including standard barrels, wall mounting is possible, placement on rolling carts with containers installed on them).

Pneumatic systems (including electronically controlled ones) are also used for the centralized supply of oils, lubricants and liquids through pipelines from the consumables warehouse to workplaces.

3. Equipment samples

AODE265 Waste oil collection unit

The unit is designed for quickly changing engine oil in cars and other machines through the dipstick hole and is equipped with a drain funnel. This is the latest environmentally friendly technology, accepted all over the world, and does not require a hole or unscrewing the drain plug. An express oil change is performed on the unit as follows. A special installation tube connected by a hose to the tank is inserted into the hole for installing the oil level dipstick in an engine warmed up to operating temperature. The open end of the tube rests on the lowest point of the engine oil pan, that is, almost on the drain hole. A special device does not allow the open end of the tube to press tightly against the surface of the pan and provides the necessary clearance for effective removal of used oil. A vacuum is created in the tank, and the old used oil, obeying known physical laws, is “sucked out” from the lowest point of the pan into the installation tank. At the same time, mechanical impurities contained in the old oil are also removed. Considering that the process takes place on a hot engine, all residues on the side surfaces have time to drain into the pan. The old oil is completely removed from the car engine. A signal that oil removal has been completed is when the pressure in the tank increases to normal, i.e. the open end of the tube is no longer immersed in oil. Compared with in the usual way An express oil change unit allows you to change used oil faster with minimal effort.

S235D - Oil dispensing unit [manufacturer. 12 l/min]

Installation with electric drive, electric heating for refilling with engine oil and remote control. Can be used outdoors at temperatures from - 45° C to + 40° C, relative humidity from 30 to 100%.

S 227 - Oil dispensing unit [manufacturer. 10 l/min]

Multi-station stationary lubricant pump with electric drive C 104. Lubricant is taken directly from the container. The supercharger is equipped with an electric cable winch, with which you can hang it on a special beam and lift it above the container to change it.

Price: 73200 rub.

Specifications:

Working pressure of lubricant 25 MPa

Pressure 35 MPa

Discharge hose length4 m

Electric motor power 1.1 kW

Mains voltage 220/380 V

Overall dimensions 1636x870x710 mm

Weight120 kg

Bibliography

1. Kuznetsov, E. S. Technical operation of automobiles. – M.: Transport, 2001. – 535 p. – ISBN 5-02-002593-3.

2. Avdonkin, V. A. Theoretical foundations of technical operation of automobiles. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 1985. – 216 p.

3. Special issue “Behind the Wheel”: trucks 2008 No. 2 (15) 2008. – Book Publishing House “Behind the Wheel” LLC, 2008. ISSN 1991-5055.

4. www.sorokin.ru

At specialized posts for lubrication and refueling (refueling) of vehicles, it is advisable to use stationary universal mechanized installations. In most cases, they have a panel containing several drums with self-reeling hoses and dispensing tips (taps) for motor and transmission oils, grease, water, and compressed air. Oils and lubricants are supplied to the distribution hoses using pneumatic pumps installed in tanks - standard barrels in which oils and lubricants are delivered to the ATP. When supplying liquid oils, a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa is provided, when supplying plastic lubricants - 25-40 MPa. The need for such a high pressure is due to the fact that with unsystematic lubrication of friction units, such as a pivot joint, wear products clog the supply channels. In some cases, it is necessary to use manual “punchers” - devices in which pressure is created by a pair: a cylinder with a threaded channel filled with lubricant, and a threaded rod screwed into it. In addition to the wall option, installation can be floor or ceiling mounted. Some models have oil consumption meters. There are separate settings for one specific type of lubricant. There are models for motor oil that allow you to warm it up. For plastic lubricants, blowers are produced that have an individual drive. The main differences between different models of installations for the same purpose are in the design of feed pumps and oil (lubricant) reservoirs.