Research Institute of Children's Infections of the FMBA of Russia in St. Petersburg is one of the world's leading scientific and medical specialized institutions dealing with the problems of infectious diseases various types, mainly among the younger generation. is large federal center, administered by the medical and biological agency of the Russian Federation.

The Research Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg) is located on Popova, 9 - in the historical center of the Northern capital, on Aptekarsky Island. The institution itself is a landmark, since it is located in the buildings of the former hospital for the mentally ill and nervous by A. G. Konasevich.

On guard of health

The Research Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg) is a unique institution in Russia. Within the walls of the historical complex, the country's best researchers and doctors have created a unique system of studying and searching effective treatment the most terrible infections. IN medical department They deliver babies from all over the North-West region and other parts of the Russian Federation with diagnoses that other clinics give in to.

The institute is equipped with high-tech, most modern this moment expert class medical equipment, which is used for scientific activity, diagnosis, treatment. The institution is different high level vocational training personnel. The clinic recently underwent a comprehensive renovation. Although the building is a century old, inside the staff tried to create maximum coziness and comfort for children and their parents.

Historical reference

For the Research Institute of Children's Infections, St. Petersburg became its home back in 1927. The date of “birth” of the scientific and practical institute for the protection of adolescents ( former name institutions) is considered to be February 14 - on this day, by decision of the Leningrad Provincial Health Department, child health care center No. 4 was transformed into a serious scientific institution. In 1930, the research institute moved to Popova Street (formerly Pesochnaya), where it operates to this day.

The Research Institute of Children's Infections in St. Petersburg has repeatedly changed its profile. During the Second World War, during the blockade, the institute served as a children's hospital, without stopping research work. In the 40-50s, hygiene standards, rational feeding systems, methods for organizing health services, and rules for schools and kindergartens were developed here. Global studies have also been carried out on the physiological functions of the child’s body, conditioned reflexes, and the physiology of children’s development. In 1961, the institution was transformed into an infectious diseases institution: research on the prevention and treatment of childhood infections has been conducted here since 1940.

Management team

The directors who led the Research Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg) throughout the history of its existence made a significant contribution to the development of the institution. These are professors A. A. Matushak, A. Ya. Goldfeld, V. N. Ivanov, A. B. Volovik, L. S. Kutina, A. L. Libov, V. N. Bondarev, G. A. Timofeeva, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor V.V. Ivanova. They contributed to the development of domestic pediatric and infectious diseases services.

Under their leadership, at the Research Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg), the basics of providing medical care to children suffering from various infections were developed, continuity in the treatment of infectious patients was determined, and the principles and methods of sanatorium-resort treatment after infectious diseases for recovering children were scientifically substantiated. The Institute was awarded in 1975 for services to the Fatherland with the Order of the Badge of Honor.

Modern times

In 2008, the institute was headed by Honored Scientist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Yu.V. Lobzin, who was simultaneously appointed chief freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health for children infectious diseases. The primary task during this period was the restoration of the material and technical base. Updated scientific laboratories Research Institute of Children's Infections, outpatient department, medical building of the institute.

The main achievements were the commissioning after major renovation of the main clinical building with 350 beds (November 2010) and the administrative and clinical building, as well as equipping the institute modern equipment, both for instrumental and laboratory diagnostics.

Priority activities

Now the team of the Research Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg) is mainly dealing with the following problems:

• improving organizational procedures for vaccination;
• diagnosis of infectious diseases;
• providing medical care to children suffering from infectious pathologies;
• rehabilitation of convalescents;
• study of pathogenesis;
• scientific substantiation of therapeutic tactics.

Research institute structure

The Institute has sixteen scientific departments. The largest of them study neuroinfections, congenital, droplet, intestinal infections, organic pathology nervous system, liver diseases, prevention, intensive care of emergency conditions and other areas.

Departments for organizing medical care and congenital infections have been newly created. The institution has five laboratory diagnostic units:

• human microecology;
• virology;
• molecular microbiology, epidemiology;
• laboratory diagnostics;
• division of pathomorphological and tissue methods.

Medical staff

The Institute of Children's Infections (St. Petersburg) has highly professional scientific personnel. They include 20 Doctors of Science, including 11 professors, 5 associate professors, 1 academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 honored scientists and 27 candidates of science.

Scientific activity

The following scientific and practical centers operate on the basis of the research institute:

• herpes viral infections;
• multiple sclerosis;
• congenital infections;
• demyelinating diseases;
• chlamydia;
• tick-borne infections;
• immunoprophylaxis for children and adults;
• children's hepatology center.

Such serious representation scientific centers allows for specialized medical and advisory assistance to specialized patients in Russian Federation, create a register of relevant patients and coordinate scientific research on relevant issues.

The institution in its field is an advanced scientific and treatment center, truly unique when it comes to providing highly qualified medical care using the latest diagnostic and treatment technologies.

The institute has built an interdisciplinary system that makes it possible to use the knowledge of doctors and a large team of scientists from various medical specialties to solve most problems related to children's health. For these purposes, scientifically based medical technology, which in most cases are the results of their own scientific research held at the institute.

Treatment

The clinic of the Research Institute of Children's Infections, the outpatient department, and the intensive care unit are equipped with modern expert-class medical equipment, which makes it possible to provide resuscitation care to children with severe forms of infectious diseases and organic damage to the central nervous system. The Institute accepts children from all regions of the Russian Federation for inpatient treatment, including patients with severe and complicated forms of infections that require a complex diagnostic search.

One of the activities of the institute is the specific prevention of infectious diseases. For the first time in St. Petersburg, a 24-hour hospital was created, where it became possible to vaccinate children at risk with concomitant pathology and an unknown vaccination history under the supervision of qualified medical personnel.

Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy

For the first time in Russia, the institute has created a system of comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children susceptible to severe motor disorders, including the use of high-tech devices that ensure the combination of robotic motor activity with biological technologies feedback and functional electrical stimulation. In addition to rehabilitation procedures, a diagnostic study has been introduced using an optical topography system, which allows identifying pathologies of the musculoskeletal system without radiation exposure.

Children in the acute period of infectious diseases with dysfunction of the nervous systems (central and peripheral), as well as patients with residual effects of diseases, are accepted for rehabilitation treatment, including robotic mechanotherapy.

Material and technical base

The Institute's clinic has created comfortable conditions stay of patients. Produced everywhere major renovation. The departments have three- and four-bed boxes, as well as single and double superior wards. The premises are equipped ergonomic furniture, individual bedside tables, special beds with orthopedic mattresses. Each box has a staff button.

Within the framework of the federal address investment program and with the personal support of the head of the FMBA V.V. Uib, the construction of a new clinical building is in full swing, the commissioning of which will contribute to a significant expansion of the institute’s capabilities in the development of new methods of diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases in children, and will also significantly improve the conditions for providing them with medical care.

The occurrence of infection in children.

Infections in children can cause quite serious complications in the functioning of the body as a whole, therefore timely diagnosis of diseases in children is extremely important. There is rapid growth, the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones, differences in the formation of the skeleton of boys and girls are determined, mental development the child makes a sharp leap.

The occurrence of infection in children at the moment is an extremely negative factor, because... a growing body is already working at the limit of its capabilities, and any failure can lead to a disruption of the child’s immune system, affecting its subsequent development during puberty.

In order to detect infection in children and promptly begin treatment, for the purpose of subsequent prevention, our country conducts a universal children's medical examination.

Medical examination is the active monitoring by a medical institution of the health of children throughout the entire period of childhood. The medical examination program includes constant monitoring of the child, timely implementation of diagnostic measures in order to identify infections in children, with their subsequent treatment.
The most common infections at this age are childhood infections and colds, because Children already communicate in relatively large communities, where viral diseases spread most easily. Unfortunately, children do not always follow the rules of personal hygiene, and quite often neglect them, and this negative factor contributes to the development of the disease among the rest of the team.

Early diagnosis of infection in children allows for timely isolation from healthy children, preventing further spread of the infection. At the same time main role The duration of the sick child’s stay in the group also plays a role, because The incubation period for all diseases is different.

Infections in children and their frequent recurrence are extremely negative for the child’s body, and avoiding these negative factors that cause risk can only be diagnosed in a timely manner, correct treatment and, of course, strengthening the immune system.

The following are the main infections in children:

- Acute respiratory viral infections.

This is a group of acute respiratory diseases that are characterized by damage to various parts of the respiratory tract, intoxication, and the addition of bacterial complications. ARVI - acute respiratory viral infections are the most common diseases in children. As a rule, acute respiratory viral infections do not leave behind long-term and lasting immunity. This circumstance, as well as big number serotypes of pathogens acute respiratory viral infections and the absence of cross-immunity determine the possibility of developing ARVI in the same child several times a year. Young children who encounter viruses for the first time are especially susceptible to acute respiratory viral infections. The addition of ARVI to one or another chronic disease contributes to its exacerbation and more severe course.

- Measles- an acute, highly contagious disease accompanied by fever, inflammation of the mucous membranes, and rash. The development of complications is facilitated by the nature of morphological changes in the cortex, as well as a decrease in immunological defense at a certain stage of the disease. The most common complications for measles are those associated with damage to the respiratory and digestive tract. Pneumonia is especially common and can occur during any period of measles.

-Rubella- an infectious disease accompanied by a rash and enlargement of the occipital lymph nodes, dangerous for pregnant women due to the possibility of developing embryo- and fetopathies.

-Chicken pox- a highly contagious infectious disease that occurs with a characteristic blistering rash. Blood tests sometimes reveal leukopenia and lymphocytosis. ESR was not changed.

-Whooping cough- an acute infectious disease characterized by a constantly increasing convulsive cough. The pathogen enters the body through the upper Airways and remains on the epithelium of the mucous membrane for 5-6 weeks. It is known that it produces endotoxin, which acts primarily on the receptors of the cough reflexogenic zone. The insignificant severity of catarrhal phenomena, combined with the persistence and strength of the cough, indicates the role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of whooping cough, as N. Filatov pointed out.

-Scarlet fever- one of the forms of streptococcal infection, accompanied by fever, sore throat, rash, often followed by lamellar peeling of the skin, giving complications of streptococcal and infectious-allergic origin.
Scarlet fever differs from rubella by a smaller rash with typical localization on the folds (with rubella, thickening of the rash is observed on the extensor surfaces of the arms and buttocks).

- Infectious mononucleosis- a low-contagious infectious disease characterized by fever, inflammation in the pharynx, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and mononuclear reaction in the blood. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

-Meningococcal infection is an infectious disease caused by various serological strains of meningococcus.

-Acute viral hepatitis- an infectious disease characterized by predominant liver damage, symptoms of intoxication and occurring with jaundice, often without it and in a subclinical form. Acute viral hepatitis is one of the most common infectious diseases. In terms of the number of registered cases, it ranks third after ARVI and gastrointestinal diseases. The average infectivity index is 40%. From 60 to 80% of cases are children under 15 years of age. The peak incidence occurs at the age of 3-9 years and is explained by the insufficient compliance of this contingent of children with the rules of personal hygiene. In children of the first year of life, hepatitis type B is observed predominantly. B early age An atypical, acyclic course of the disease, a tendency to relapse, protracted course and the formation of chronic hepatitis are more often observed. The frequency of anicteric and subclinical forms leads to untimely diagnosis and treatment, and contributes to a longer and more unfavorable course of the disease.

-Acute intestinal infections- a large group of diseases, including dysentery, salmonellosis, coli infection, the main clinical manifestations of which are dyspeptic disorders, symptoms of intoxication and dehydration. Acute intestinal infections are especially common in children, accounting for 60-65% of all cases of the disease, a significant part of which is observed in young children age group(up to 2 years). This is due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the digestive organs, imperfection defense mechanisms and lack of sanitary and hygienic skills among children.
Diseases are caused by dysentery bacteria, salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, staphylococcus, Proteus, enterococcus, viruses such as Coxsackie, ECHO, adeno-, rheo-, and other pathogens. The causative agents of dysentery, salmonellosis, and coli infections have much in common.
The main differential characteristics of individual representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family are differences in metabolism and antigenic structure. In this regard, the identification of microbes during bacteriological examination is carried out by their ability to break down sugars and with the help of specific sera.
The causative agent of intestinal coli infection belongs to the species Escherichia coli, which is part of the genus Escherichia. The genus Salmonella includes serogroups A, B, C, D, E, etc., each of which is determined by the characteristics of the H-antigen. Dysentery bacteria of the genus Shigella, divided into a large number of species with species- and type-specific immunity. Currently, in most of the territory of our country, a single serological species of the causative agent of dysentery predominates - Zonn
The main route of infection with rotaviruses (Proteus, Enterococcus) is oral-fecal, in contrast to the respiratory route for enterovirus and respiratory infections.

-Polio- (spinal infantile paralysis, Heine-Medin disease) is an acute infectious disease characterized by damage to the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain stem with the development of flaccid paresis and paralysis, bulbar disorders. The causative agent is the polio virus, which belongs to the Enterovirus genus and can be of 3 types. Being a typical representative of the family of intestinal viruses, in its epidemic properties it is very close to the pseudopoliomyelitis viruses ECHO and Coxsackie, which can give a similar clinical picture to the non-paralytic form of poliomyelitis. The virus is quickly inactivated by boiling, autoclaving and ultraviolet irradiation, disinfected in 30 minutes when heated to 50 º C, but tolerates cold well; with normal room temperature lasts for several days and is resistant to digestive juices and antibiotics. Conventional disinfection methods are ineffective; free chlorine and formaldehyde have a neutralizing effect.
The source of infection is a patient with obvious or erased, abortive forms of polio, as well as a virus carrier. Infection occurs mainly through the fecal-oral route. It has been established that, as with any intestinal infection, with feces of a polio patient in environment a large amount of virus enters, especially in the first 2 weeks from the onset of the disease. The spread of infection occurs through food products, including through milk, as well as through water, hands, with the help of flies that come into contact with infected human feces.
The virus also enters the environment from the nasopharynx, starting from the 2-4th day after infection and during 1-2 weeks of illness.
The classification of polio includes variants of the disease both without and with damage to the nervous system.
The initial period of polio can be difficult to distinguish from acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, sore throat, and in the presence of dyspeptic symptoms - from gastroenterocolitis of a different nature or dysentery.

Clinical laboratory diagnostics (child blood test) childhood diseases differs in many ways from clinical laboratory diagnostics (blood analysis) adults. Diagnosis of infections is carried out by the Institute of General and Clinical Pathology of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, the clinic of Professor M.Yu. Yakovleva Moscow.

So, first of all, it should be noted that children have normal values ​​of many laboratory parameters ( interpretation of a child's blood test) - morphological, biochemical, etc., differ significantly from those that occur in adults. For example, while hemoglobin amounts in adults are 80-115%, in a newborn they range between 130 and 160%, in infant- between 80 and 100%, for 2-3 year old children - between 65 and 75%, etc. Blood sugar in an adult contains 80-120 mg%, in a newborn - 50-60 mg%, in a 2-year-old child - 70-80 mg%. Similar picture of differences child's blood test And blood test an adult gives us almost all laboratory indicators. At deciphering a child's blood test laboratory parameters in children are more labile than in adults. Metabolic processes are also not yet strong and exhibit great instability. Therefore in childhood pathological changes can occur much more easily.

A typical example is ketonuria. Lability of laboratory parameters compared to general analysis blood normal in children it is expressed not only in a higher frequency of positive tests, but also in large quantitative deviations.

Lenya and I have been in the hospital for two days now.

There are three patients in a room measuring about 12-14 meters infectious diseases children and three adults caring for them. Children are of different ages, which makes it difficult to adhere to at least some kind of regime. But this is not the biggest problem. Imagine the additional risk to the health of sick children in such a cramped space! As a result of staying in such conditions, a sick child, who already has a weakened immune system, has every chance of getting infections from his neighbors. The same, of course, applies to parents who are with their children.
Parents are forced to sleep with their children on the same bed, and the beds are the most ordinary single beds, measuring 180 by 70 cm. A tall person cannot fit on this, and there is nowhere to hang his legs - the head of the bed rests against the next one. Just imagine how you can fall asleep on such a bed with a 2-3 year old child who constantly turns around in his sleep? One pillow and one blanket are provided.
For everyone in the room, one small table, which blocks the passage between the beds.
Of the three beds in the infectious disease ward, one is metal and two are wooden folding beds. After the first night spent in the room, we tried to understand why the bed was uneven and discovered that, firstly, it was broken, and secondly, it simply did not fit the entire length - the dimensions of the room did not allow it. On metal bed the springs dig into the body.
It blows strongly from double-glazed windows, and as a result, those who were healthy also get sick.
The food is of average quality, but the problem is that the diet in the hospital is completely different from what is usual for toddlers and preschool age. Breakfast at 10 o'clock, lunch from 2 to 3 pm (and usually this is quiet time), no afternoon tea, dinner at 6 pm. It turns out that another dinner is needed, and this already creates additional difficulties.
It is amazing that with the cost of a separate ward being 4,300 rubles per day (!!!), the hospital is not even able to provide bathrooms for all the other wards toilet paper, soap and paper towels, although there are holders for them. I wonder what this money goes to? And what are they paid for? I made inquiries: in other children's hospitals the cost of individual rooms varies from 1.5 to 2 thousand. By the way, this clinic mentions paid wards, but not a word about their cost. Or is it secret information and the amounts vary depending on who is asking the question?
The sink in the bathroom has not been washed for three days - either someone vomited there, or there are traces of food debris, but it is very dirty. The toilet seat is broken. You can’t even dream about disposable paper seats, which even trains now have.
It is believed that in this medical institution good scientific and medical base - i.e. The hospital seems to be good. I will not challenge this for now and hope that I will have the opportunity to observe a positive result from the treatment. Unless all of the above reduces to zero the efforts of doctors and the suffering of children and parents.

The review left on the official website did not appear. Which indicates either that the ability to leave reviews is disabled, or that it has not passed moderation.

I will process all the above information stylistically and use it to communicate with regulatory organizations and the media. The more we remain silent out of fear and uncertainty, the worse it is for us and our children.