Non-woven fabrics. Nonwoven materials Production of nonwoven materials using the adhesive method

The last century ushered in the era of synthetic materials. The current one has developed technologies, modernized production and perfected the properties of the first plastics. Today, synthetics have become a great friend and assistant to humans. It surrounds us in everyday life, at work, and on vacation. If you are faced with the question of which option to choose for warmth and comfort, this section is for you. We tried to collect information about the most popular synthetic nonwoven materials.

Fillers for bedding, decorative pillows, furniture and soft toys

A wonderful domestic product is. You will find out what allowed it to quickly become a leader among other fillers, and what it has in common with independent springs. We not only examined all the qualities of struttofiber, but also included a small tip on how to choose a comfortable mattress depending on your weight.

We will be happy to talk about the most popular insulating material in Europe - a Belgian product called , we will provide a lot of evidence of its excellent qualities and only one - its negative aspects. We advise those who work or like to relax in winter conditions to carefully read the article.

If the price doesn’t stop you, then you can buy clothes with material inside that is much warmer than eider down, - . Interested in details? - Welcome to the page.

Universal materials for insulating and filling things

– a high-tech product produced in Russia, but using Finnish methods. We will reveal its secrets a little and tell you what principle underlies the production of Russian-Finnish insulation. We have collected bit by bit comprehensive information about absolutely safe and environmentally friendly material, in which you can safely wrap even newborns.

The article “” is devoted to a synthetic universal material that is surprisingly comfortable in clothing and bedding. We will tell you about it in detail, with reverence and respect, as to the most popular non-woven product.

For those who like to analyze, we: what is common, what are the differences.

We are sure that thrifty and thrifty housewives visit our site. For them, each article describes the rules for the care and storage of products. We hope you have a great time.

The use of non-woven synthetic materials already has a short history, with its own achievements and miscalculations. At first they were intended for the production of army camouflage materials and insulation for clothing, but then vegetable growers paid attention to them - and they were not mistaken. Today, non-woven synthetic materials (also called agrofibre) are widely and successfully used in vegetable growing for growing early vegetables.

Opportunities and risks

One of the eternal problems is growing vegetables, fruits and flowers in the off-season. They tried to solve it first by using greenhouses, and then glass and film greenhouses, for growing seedlings and obtaining off-season products.
The US paper industry began producing nonwovens in the second half of the 19th century.

The first material was called “pellon” - it consisted of chaotic fibers glued together with starch. During the Second World War, the production of pellon increased: it was used to make cheap camouflage materials, and after the war it began to be used in clothing. Over time, artificial propylene fibers appeared and the technology from gluing to mechanical pressing was improved. In the world literature on vegetable growing it is called nonwooven materials, or fabrics.

Agrofibre was first used in vegetable growing in the 70s of the last century, and today in the European Union it is already used on 30% of the area. In Ukraine, the pioneers in introducing this material in the mid-90s were, surprisingly, amateurs, and now it is widely used in industrial vegetable growing.

Among its main advantages are the possibility of accelerating early production in the spring, protecting plants from pests and dust, and protecting the crop from premature spring and autumn frosts.

Many companies offer a wide range of non-woven synthetic material on the Ukrainian market: the selection criteria are the uniformity of fiber distribution, density, color and width of the fabrics.

In order not to make a mistake in choosing agrofibre, you should clarify the direction of its use. To do this, you need to compare the advantages and disadvantages of nonwoven materials compared to other shelters.

The polyethylene film (solid or perforated), which was attached to the arches, could certainly be considered an achievement. Despite its considerable cost, the race to obtain an early harvest covered the costs. Among the disadvantages of film, vegetable growers note its high cost, high specific gravity, and poor ventilation in a film greenhouse (dew drops form on the film). In addition, shelters require supports and after its use problems arise with disposal (environmental regulations prohibit burning). Under the film, the temperature decreases and rises faster, which leads to both hypothermia and overheating of plants.

Despite the fact that film is still widely used, agrofibre has a number of advantages over it. It is cheaper in price. For example, the wholesale price of the lightest material, with a density of 17 g/m2, is on average 0.7–1 UAH/m2, and with a density of 23 g/m2 - up to 1.5 UAH/m2.

The lightness of agrofibre allows it to be laid on plants without supports, and in the case of using agrofibre with a density above 30 g/m2, the supports do not require significant investment. Agrofibre allows air and moisture to pass through, and plants under it do not experience stress from sudden temperature changes in the evening and morning. Watering can be carried out over the surface of the fiber without removing it, but to prevent contamination it is best to use drip irrigation. Dew does not form on the inner surface, which protects plants from the spread of diseases. Although tests revealed that under high-density shelters (more than 30 g/m2) this problem has not been completely solved.

Agrofibre can be easily removed before weeding and other technological operations. It perfectly protects young plants from dangerous pests: cabbage, radishes, arugula, mustard greens, watercress - from cruciferous flea beetles; lettuce and other greens - from aphids; onions and asparagus - from onion and asparagus flies. Considering that pests colonize and cause damage immediately after germination, the beds are covered immediately after sowing or planting seedlings.

One of the important advantages of agrofibre is its ability to protect against short-term frosts.
So far, the environmental problem of its disposal remains urgent for agrofibre (as well as for all other synthetic materials used in vegetable growing - pots, bags, cassettes, films and other chemical products). Non-woven synthetic materials have several advantages over film: they are made from polypropylene, intended for the production of food packaging.

Resistance to tearing allows agrofibre to be reused for several seasons (for example, while it is clean (by the way, it can be washed), it is used to cover plants, and after contamination and tearing, it is used to mulch the soil or protect perennials from frost).

Agrofibre can be used permanently (from sowing to harvesting) or temporarily, at certain stages of growth (for example, only to obtain friendly shoots); They cover the plants directly or use arcs. Cheap plastic arches are best suited - the agrofibre on them is less likely to tear.

It should still be taken into account that this material is not a panacea for all occasions. Its effectiveness depends on the early maturity of the variety or heterotic hybrid, the degree of soil heating, the direction of the slope, weather conditions and the density of the covering material.

Some vegetable crops can be grown without agrofibre or used only at a certain stage.

Agrofibre is indispensable for growing early vegetables during cold and long spring. If temperatures are high in the spring, then vegetables can be grown without shelter, but this happens only once every 4-5 years. In order to get the desired harvest of early vegetables, you should select early-ripening hybrids that are adapted to the rapid formation of a harvest. Cover the bed only after the soil has thawed, or first cover it with film for quick heating, and after germination - with agrofibre.

Naturally, more favorable conditions are created on the southern and southwestern slopes. It is a mistake to cover deeply frozen soil: in this case, agrofibre, on the contrary, will inhibit warming (the so-called thermos effect will work).

When growing cucumber, zucchini, squash and strawberries, the agrofibre during flowering is removed daily in the morning (usually completely), and the plants are covered at night. These crops (except for parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids) require pollination by insects.

Although agrofibre protects against overheating, on some hot spring days the beds should be opened on at least one side. Overheating usually occurs in sunny, windless weather, while in windy weather, on the contrary, this phenomenon is not observed. In addition, problems arise with protection from sharp gusts of wind, which tears the canvas and damages plants (primarily lettuce and spinach).

Agrofibre also has its own unusual pest - crows, who are curious about what vegetable growers are hiding from them. And sometimes stray dogs, hunting for rodents, tear the canvas.

Agrofibre is used in vegetable growing and for other purposes:

• seedlings are covered in a greenhouse or hotbed for temporary protection from sudden cold snaps;

• insulate the side walls of greenhouses;

• cover the seeds of radishes, radishes and cabbage from sparrows that eat the seeds;

• cover garlic and perennials for the winter (usually used canvases are used, which increases their profitability);

• They mulch the soil with it.

The areas of application of agrofibre are not limited to the above.
When covering with a cloth, two important factors should be taken into account: it is necessary to properly strengthen the edges (for this, 15–20 cm are usually left along the edges) and to provide that as the plants grow in height, the fabric will have to be released. The edges are strengthened with various materials: soil (but, alas, it very pollutes the edges), planks, boards, bags of soil, hooks, etc.

They begin to plan the width of the beds, focusing on the width of the cloth offered by companies. In most cases, agrofibre comes onto the market with a base width of 1.6 m. Vegetable growers sew or weld these fabrics depending on the desired width of the beds, starting from 3.2 m (4.8, 6.4, 7 m, etc. ) and up to 15.8 m. 2 cm is left for each weld, so the maximum width of the connected panel of 10 strips is 15.8 m.

Depending on the needs of the customer, the length can be very different. Knowing the width of the canvas, proceed to calculating the width of the bed using the following formula:
the width of the canvas minus the width of the edges for strengthening (2 x 15 cm) minus two planned plant heights during harvesting.

For example, we plan to grow lettuce to a height of 20 cm with a blade width of 6.4 m. Then the technological width of the bed will be equal to: 6.4 m – (2 x 15 cm) – (2 x 20 cm) = = 5.7 m. The outer rows of lettuce are placed at the rate of “one height of a commercial plant” from the place where the leaf is attached. Only after this do they begin to calculate the width of rows and beds.

When purchasing agrofibre, request a certificate and evaluate the quality, guided by the following rules:

• decide on the purpose of its use: with the vegetable crop that you plan to grow, with the timing and duration of its use, with the probability and intensity of temperature decrease, with wind activity;

• examine the sample for uniform fiber distribution (the worse the uniformity, the lower the strength and ability to retain precious heat);

• determine the correspondence between the density (in g/m2) and the area of ​​the purchased canvas. For vegetable growing, brands with a density from 17 to 60 g/m2 are supplied to markets (in construction, grades of higher density are used), that is, it is bought not by meters, but by weight. The purchased agrofibre should be weighed: the mass of the purchase should be equal to its area multiplied by its density. For example, 100 m2 with a density of 17 g/m2 will weigh 1.7 kg;

• for agrofibre with low density - 17 or 23 g/m2, according to standards, the elongation at break should be at least 140–160% (i.e., after stretching 10 m2, you can get 14 m2, further stretching leads to ruptures). In the laboratory, the tensile strength in the longitudinal direction is determined more accurately: it should be 12–14 MPa (the characteristics must be individual for each brand);

• agrofibre has a glossy front side, and a fleecy back side: the fabric is placed with the back side facing the plants, which prevents the formation of dew and helps retain heat at night, and the front side is facing outwards, which reduces dust adhesion.

If white agrofibre is used to cover plants and insulate greenhouses, then black dense agrofibre (50 g/m2) is used for mulching the soil under perennial vegetable and berry crops, as well as in the tree trunks of the garden.

One of the important features of agrofibre is temperature regulation during the day. Under shelters, the temperature warms up more slowly in the morning, but lasts longer in the evening. The maximum temperature rise during the day depends on the type, cloud cover and wind speed. For example, in sunny, windless weather, the temperature rise under a canvas with a density of 17 g/m2 is 5...7°C, and in windy weather - 2...3°C (in cloudy weather - half as much, respectively).

The effectiveness of using agrofibre depends on the accumulated sum of active temperatures.
A particularly valuable property of agrofibre, unlike film, is protection against frost. The density mark conventionally indicates the possibility of protection from short-term frosts, which are observed in the morning with a cloudless sky and windless weather (agrofibre is not able to protect against prolonged cold snaps and cold northern winds).

For example, grade 17 g/m2 protects from –1…–2°С, 23 – from –2…–3°С, 30 g/m2 – from –3…–4°С. Considering that the tops of the leaves come into contact with the agrofibre, they freeze faster than the middle and lower parts of the plants.

In spring, agrofibre is used to produce green crops (various salads) and to grow seedlings (tomatoes, mid- and late-season cabbage). Cover cucumber, zucchini, squash, watermelon, melon, sweet corn, beans, peppers, tomatoes, strawberries in the first stages of growth (until the middle or end of May).

Excellent results are obtained when growing bunched products of radishes, carrots, and beets. Experiments conducted by Crimean scientists indicate that early potatoes can be grown under agrofibre 10–12 days earlier than on open soil. Under agrofibre, the growth of perennials - rhubarb, sorrel, and perennial onions - is accelerated.

Both film and non-woven synthetic materials used for mulching have their own distinctive features.

Film mulching materials come in transparent and black. The main width of the panel is 1.6 m (sometimes 1.8 m). After gluing or welding, the required width is created, a multiple of the base width. The effect of application and methods of using these two types of film are different.

Transparent film is placed on the bed immediately after sowing cucumber, zucchini, squash, watermelon, melon and sweet corn. After the emergence of mass shoots, holes with a diameter of 5 cm are cut at the required distance above the plants. Rain or irrigation water will penetrate through them to the plants. To control weeds before germination or immediately after their emergence, you have to lift the edges of the film and pull out the weeds. At a later date, they themselves burn out under the film. This is one of the disadvantages of transparent mulch film.

When growing seedlings using black mulch film, the beds are covered only before planting the seedlings, after cutting out holes for the plants. Black film has more advantages than transparent film, namely: it creates a milder temperature regime, without large differences, and problems with weeds are solved by themselves. In addition, modern mulching films are more durable. If it is necessary to protect the soil from overheating, another type of film is used - with a shiny, reflective aluminum layer. Mulching films are perfectly combined with drip irrigation, while irrigation tubes should be placed only between the soil and the film.

A more promising method of mulching is the use of non-woven synthetic materials: both black and black and white. For mulching, a density of more than 50 g/m2 is used. For use in summer cottages and garden plots, mulching agrofibre is sold in lengths of 5 and 10 m, and for farms - in rolls of 100 m or more in length.

Non-woven synthetic materials are very hygienic, environmentally friendly, easily pass water and air to the roots of plants, protect against weeds and are relatively cheap. The novelty is a new mulching “hybrid” - black and white agrofibre, which is obtained by pressing white material onto a black lining.

Black and white agrofibre is laid with the black side towards the soil, and the light side outwards. The light layer protects the roots of the plant from overheating, but promotes better illumination of the leaves from the lower side, which increases the intensity of photosynthesis. There is another positive factor for strawberries: the light side reflects light and evenly illuminates the fruit from all sides. The berries acquire a uniform color.

Irrigation tubes, unlike mulching films, are placed both under and above the agrofibre. One of the very important positive properties is that under mulch the soil does not become compacted and does not sour. Those who grow melons and strawberries should consider the significant advantages of non-woven mulching material in obtaining very clean and uncontaminated fruits that cannot be washed before sale!

Under such mulch, soil worms and microorganisms feel great. Compared to mulching film, the temperature regime of the soil is distributed very evenly throughout the day. A particularly high positive effect from the new mulching method is obtained on cucumbers, melons, peppers, eggplants, raspberries, black currants and strawberries. It should be noted that in the hot conditions of the South of Ukraine, on southern slopes and on quickly drying sandy soils, the effect is especially noticeable.

There are several simple rules for using black and white agrofibre. It is placed only on a heated bed, otherwise the opposite “thermos” effect is obtained. To distribute it evenly over the surface, weeds are destroyed and leveling is carried out. The edges of the mulching sheet are reinforced with pins or sprinkled with soil.

One of the very important issues of using agrofibre in vegetable growing is the formation of economic efficiency. Despite their widespread use, these materials remain expensive on the market and do not always pay off or their profitability remains low. Our research suggests that the profitability of nonwoven materials in vegetable growing is determined by three main factors:

• increasing productivity;

• accelerating the entry of early products into the market in the spring or extending the timing of entry in the fall at higher prices;

• improving product quality (including expanding the possibility of organic production).

As for the yield of early products, this is observed quite rarely in most cases. In some cases, the marketability of the crop improves (for example, early cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, radish). So you shouldn’t count on real gains from using agrofibre. Speeding up entry into the market helps, but do not forget that each hectare covered with agrofibre is very expensive (for example, even for agrofibre with a density of 17 g/m2, the cost of purchase, delivery, shelter, additional care and its removal is more than 12 thousand UAH /ha).

In addition, it is very difficult to prove to the buyer that agrofibre and not chemicals were used to protect radishes. In this regard, even favorable combinations of yield, early maturity and quality do not always make the use of non-woven synthetic materials profitable.

Thus, agrofibre requires complex innovative solutions from the vegetable grower.

Z. Sych, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sc., professor, head. Department of Vegetable Growing of NUBiP of Ukraine

Article from the magazine "Vegetable Growing", No. 2014 / 2

Nonwoven materials are a special type of fabric made without the use of flat weave thread technologies. There are currently many types of such products, as well as methods for their manufacture. The scope of application of this type of material is also wide. Most often, non-woven fabric is used in construction and agriculture, as well as in clothing.

A little history

Non-woven material was first manufactured in the second half of the 19th century in the USA. The first canvases of this variety were produced from bonds held together with starch. This material, called pellon, did not become particularly widespread in the 19th century. It began to be used quite widely only during the Second World War. The Americans used it to make camouflage products.

In the 70s of the last century, pellon was first used in agriculture as a covering material. Currently, it is used on 30% of the agricultural areas of the European Union countries. In the USSR, such material was produced in very small quantities and was used mainly in Russia. It became widespread in our country only in the 90s. Now it is produced by many Russian companies. For example, a very high-quality product of this type is produced by the Podolsk nonwoven materials factory “Ves Mir”, founded in 2000.

Density

Nonwoven material can be produced in different ways, have different thickness, appearance and purpose. However, the main characteristic of such canvases in most cases is strength. The latter, in turn, depends on the surface. This parameter in groups different in purpose can vary between 10-600 g/m2. So, for example:

Non-woven canvas material usually has a density of 235-490 g/m2.

For needle-punched fabric this figure is 210 g/m2.

The density of fabric stitching materials is 216-545 g/m2.

Non-woven fabric has a surface density of 90-110 g/m2.

For thread-stitched fabrics this figure is 63-310 g/m2.

The density of glued nonwoven material is 40-330 g/m2.

Canvases of this type can be produced mechanically or by adhesive. The basis of any such material is canvas, made of natural and synthetic fibers laid in rows. To obtain a fibrous structure, such a fabric is combed.

Mechanical production methods

The base of the nonwoven material is fastened using this technology using additional threads. For example, canvas-stitched materials are produced mechanically. In this case, the warp fibers are fastened together by stitching them with threads. When using needle-punched technology, the elements forming the canvas are first intertwined with each other. The result is a canvas that is quite dense in structure. To give greater strength, it is stitched with thick threads. In this case, special serrated tools are used. The needle-punched method of making canvases is currently the most popular. This technology is used by every nonwoven materials plant.

Thread stitching materials are made by passing a warp through one or more fiber systems. This fabric differs from canvas-stitched fabric primarily in appearance. The material in this group is similar to terry cloth.

There are also mechanically produced fabric-stitched fabrics on sale today. This variety is produced on a very light base, also by stitching it with a system of pile threads. Such fabrics can be either smooth or terry.

Production of nonwoven materials by adhesive method

This technology is used in the manufacture of most types of nonwoven materials. In this case, the fibers in the canvas are bonded by impregnating them with various types of adhesive compositions. Most often, synthetic latex is used for processing. Another common technology is hot pressing. In this case, the fibers are glued together with thermoplastics at very high temperatures.

Sometimes the oldest technology is also used for the production of non-woven glued materials - on paper machines. It was with the use of such equipment that pellon was produced in America. In this case, the binder can be introduced either directly into the mass entering the machine, or into the finished web.

Use of canvas stitching

This non-woven material is distinguished by its great thickness, massiveness and friability. Its main advantage is its high heat-shielding properties. Canvas-stitched fabrics are very dense and wear-resistant materials that can exhibit significant shrinkage. They are most often used as lining in the production of clothing. They are also sometimes used as a base in the manufacture of artificial leather.

Where is needle-punched material used?

Thanks to the porous structure, this group of fabrics also has good heat-protective properties. In addition, the advantages of this material include resistance to washing and dry cleaning. Needle-punched fabrics are usually used for floor coverings. Like canvas stitching, they are also used for making linings of coats, jackets and fur coats. However, in the latter case, the needle-punched non-woven material usually has to be additionally impregnated with adhesive compounds. The fact is that its fibers are quite hard, and therefore, in a free state, they can penetrate through the top and spoil its appearance.

The most common non-woven material, dornite, is also produced using the needle-punched method. Geotextiles are used when laying out lawns, constructing foundations, etc. Also, the needle-punched method is sometimes used in the production of the most popular type and greenhouses - spunbond. However, more often this type of fabric is made using the adhesive method (hot pressing).

Application of thread and fabric stitching fabrics

Both of these varieties are also quite in demand in industry. The main advantage of thread-stitched fabrics is their variety in appearance. This method can produce both very thin translucent materials and massive furniture ones. Suits, evening dresses, casual wear, scarves, napkins made of non-woven material are often made using this technology.

The advantages of fabric stitching materials are their stable structure and hygiene. In terms of wear resistance, they are superior to all other types of nonwoven materials. This fabric is used mainly for sewing robes and beach suits.

Where are adhesive sheets used?

Most often, such non-woven material is made from a mixture of cotton and nylon fibers. It is usually used when sewing clothes. For example, it is inserted into collars, straps and slots to impart rigidity to the latter. Materials produced on paper-making machines are most often used for the production of various types of medical dressings.

As you can see, the scope of application of non-woven fabrics in our time is really very wide. Their excellent performance characteristics make them indispensable for sewing many types of clothing, growing plants, installing drainage systems, etc. The production technologies of such materials are not particularly complex, and therefore their cost is usually low. This is basically what explains the extraordinary popularity of this type of painting.

Products made from chemical fibers. There are several types of non-woven coverings available for sale, differing in technical parameters and properties. Similar results were achieved using a variety of manufacturing techniques. To make it easier to decide, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the main types.

Spunbond

The preparation of such material is carried out by pressing pre-prepared raw materials through special dies, the diameter of which is relatively small. Only after this the fibers are thoroughly cooled, drawn out, and laid on a flat surface. In order to connect the prepared and cooled fibers, a calender is used.

The fabric prepared in this way is distinguished by its increased level of density, wear resistance, and strength. This material is waterproof, easy to store and use. It is quite often used in the process of preparing non-sterile products.

Spunlace

The preparation of this nonwoven material is carried out practically according to the same principle as spunbond. The only difference is that the fibers are intertwined using water jets that are supplied under high pressure. This type of non-woven material is made from polypropylene, viscose, and polyester fibers. In some cases, several types of fibers are combined. As a rule, several types of fibers are combined if it is necessary to enhance certain properties of the fabric.

This type of nonwoven material has the following advantages:

• Excellent tactile comfort.
• The coating does not interfere with free air circulation.
• The durability of the coating is quite high.
• The material has excellent protective properties.
• The elasticity coefficient of the coating is quite low.

This type of non-woven material should not be used in excessively humid climates, since it absorbs moisture well, and its weight increases.

You may be interested in these products

Multilayer non-woven fabric

This material includes three main layers:

• Spunbond.
• Meltblown. The preparation of this coating is carried out in almost the same way as spunbond. The only difference is the additional processing of the fibers in a high-speed flow, due to which they are separated into thinner threads.
• Spunbond.

The bonding of the three above layers is carried out at a certain temperature.

The material obtained in this way is distinguished by the uniform distribution of its constituent fibers. It is this property that made it possible to use it in the preparation of various filters.

Composition of nonwoven materials

Currently, nonwoven materials are prepared from:

• Natural fibers: wool, cotton, linen.
• Chemical fibers: polyamide, viscose, polypropylene, polyester, others.
• Secondary raw materials obtained from waste from chemical and other industries.

In order to ensure reliable connection of fibers, manufacturers quite often use lavsan, glass, nylon or metal threads.

Before raw materials go into production, they must be prepared. Preparation processes are determined depending on what kind of raw materials and what manufacturing technique is used.

Properties of nonwoven materials

Nonwoven materials have a number of unique properties:

• Uniformity of structure. Due to the fact that the fibers used in production are connected as firmly as possible and are distributed evenly, the load on the material is distributed evenly along the entire perimeter. This eliminates the possibility of deformation, excessive tension of the coating, or violation of its integrity.
• Density. Since nonwoven materials have a higher level of density, they can be used to minimize the evaporation of moisture from the ground. As a result, watering rates will also be reduced.
• The material helps maintain an optimal temperature level, due to which the soil warms up much faster.
• High level of strength. Neither mechanical load nor chemical components affect the basic properties of the nonwoven material. Therefore, it can be used in the most severe conditions.
• Long period of use. Most types of non-woven fabric can be used for 10 years or more. Manufacturers managed to achieve similar results by connecting different types of fibers and combining them. Do not forget that the service life is influenced by both correct installation and compliance with storage conditions.
• Ease of use. The instructions supplied by the manufacturers contain detailed information regarding installation rules. By following them, you can implement everything quite quickly.
• All products undergo a certification process.

Nonwoven Density

Manufacturers supply non-woven material of various densities. To make it easier to navigate, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the features of canvases of different densities.

• Lightweight non-woven fabrics (14-17 g/m2)

Material with this density is only available in white. It can be used without installing additional supports, placing it directly on plants or soil. Such actions will not cause any harm, since the material is lightweight. Its use will create an optimal microclimate for plants.

Despite the fact that the coating has a low density, it can be used to provide reliable protection of the root system and plants from insects and rodents.

• Medium non-woven fabrics (28-42 g/m2)

A coating with this density is also available only in white. The number of areas in which it can be used is much greater. For example, it is excellent for constructing greenhouses and greenhouses.

• Thick non-woven fabrics (60 g/m2)

Nonwoven materials with the highest density are available not only in white, but also in black.

Dense coatings can also be used to mulch soils. Its introduction into the soil makes it possible to prevent the germination of various weeds. If you use a black coating for these purposes, you can provide additional heat to the seedlings.

Not long ago they began supplying innovative two-color fabric. It consists of white and black layers. When laying, the black layer is placed directly on the ground. Since the white layer is at the top, the soil warms up more slowly. The temperature regime is maintained for a long period. This has a positive effect on the growth of various plants. A denser fabric is advantageous to use at low temperatures, as it partially protects the root system from frost.

When buying non-woven fabric, you need to take into account various characteristics and technical indicators. Only in this case will it be possible to purchase high-quality material.