Adverbs in French with the preposition a. Place of an adverb in a sentence. Animals vocabulary

Place in a sentence of an adverb in French.

The place of an adverb in a sentence in French is determined by several rules. In a sentence, an adverb can appear before the attribute, after the verb, before the object, before the verb, between the past participle (participe passé) and the auxiliary verb when forming complex tenses, before the adjective and before the noun.

The adverb is placed before the definition, as in the example: Un poisson bien rôti. (Well-done fish.) Adverbs in French are written before those parts of speech that define.

After the verb, an adverb of the type of action is written, as in the case: J "écoute cette chanson attentivement. (I listen to this song carefully.) After the verb in one of the complex tenses that is conjugated, adverbs of time and place are placed. For example, "Je suis venu tard." (I arrived late.) and "Il resta ici." (He stayed here.) The qualifying adverb comes after the verb in one of the simple tenses, as in the sentence: "Je suis occupé trop." (I'm too busy .). The adverb "y" and the adverb "en" are written after the verb "aller" and verbs of the first group in the imperative mood. Such verbs end with an unpronounceable sound "-s". (Don't go there!) and "Vas-y!" (Let's!).

Before the object the adverb is written, as in the sentence: Nous avons chanté beaucoup de chansons. (We sang a lot of songs.)

Between the participle and the verb (auxiliary) in the complex tense, the adverbs assez, déjà, bien, encore, mal, trop, beaucoup and peu are written to form it. For example: Il a beaucoup lu dans ce livre. (He read a lot in this book.) And Аvez-vous bien compris cette leçon? (Did you really understand this lesson?). It should be noted that encore, peu, assez and beaucoup in such sentences refer to a noun, and not to a verb. Such adverbs are placed before the noun, which is the object of the verb.

The adverb is written before the verb, as in the sentence: J"étais bien appris à la lutte. (I was well trained in wrestling.) The adverb "y", a service adverb, is written before the verb if it is not in the imperative form. For example: "Je n"y voyais pas les oiseaux." (I didn't see any birds there.) The adverbs “y” and “en” are placed before the verb in all forms except the affirmative imperative. So, "N"y regardez pas là-bas!" (Don't look there!), but, at the same time: "Regardez-y vite!" (Look at this quickly!). If the adverbs "y" and "en" replace in a sentence, an adverb that refers to the infinitive of the verb, adverbs are written before it.

An adverb is written before an adjective, as in: Hier je voyais un nouveau film. (Yesterday I saw a new film.) Before an adverb or adjective, the adverb “plus” is written to form a comparative degree. Before an adverb of positive degree, or an adjective, the adverb "bien" is written.

The adverbs là and ci are written after the noun used with an adjective (demonstrative) and serve to strengthen it. With a noun, these adverbs are written with a dash. For example, "A cette heure-ci tout le monde dort." (At this hour the whole world is sleeping.) The adverb "autant" is written before a noun to express comparative degree, solemnity. The second part of such a sentence is written with the conjunction que: “Je vous donnerai tant de conseils, qu”il le vous sera nécessaire.” (I will give you as much advice as you need.).

Adverbs in French or Adverbe are an integral part of speech. Just like in Russian, an adverb means a sign of action and answers the questions “How? How? Where? Where? Where? When?"

An adverb characterizes a verb, that is, an action. The French language has many adverbs that help describe the nuances of a person's actions. Today we will talk about the adverb, how it is formed and what functions it has in the French language.

How are adverbs formed in French?

There is nothing complicated here, the main thing is to remember the rule of forming adverbs in French.

The vast majority of French adverbs are formed according to the following scheme: feminine adjective + suffix –ment. For example:

• Nouvelle – nouvellement (again, new, recently, again)
• Juste – justement (correct, fair)
• Sûre – sûrement (confident)
• Vide – video (empty)
• Rapide – rapidement (quickly, soon)
• Lâche – lâchement (cowardly, fearfully)
• Intrépide – intrépidement (boldly, fearlessly, bravely)
• Naturelle – naturellement (naturally, truly)
• Stupide – stupidement (stupid)
• Jolie – joliement (cute, cute)

This is a general rule, but there are also special cases of the origin or formation of adverbs in French.

Some French adverbs are words derived from Latin:

• Bien - good
• Mal – bad
• Comme - how
• Volontiers - willingly, voluntarily
• Mieux is better

Some French adjectives are used as adverbs:

• Haut - high
• Net - clear, clean
• Claire - clear

Let's pay attention to special cases!

Special cases of adverb formation in French are worth studying closely. As we have already said, the basic scheme for the formation of adverbs is as follows: feminine adjective + suffix –ment. But, as with any rule, there are some peculiarities and nuances.

Rule No. 1. Adjectives that in the masculine gender end in vowels -é, -i, -u, do not have the letter “e” before the suffix –ment:

• Vraiment - really, truly, truly, truly
• Poliment - polite
• Modérément – ​​modestly
• Absolument - absolutely, necessarily

Exception: Gaiement – funny

Rule #2. In some adverbs that are formed from adjectives with the final letter “u”, the so-called “roof” is placed above this letter, that is, accent circonflexe:

• Assidu - assidûment - diligently, diligently
• Congru - congrûment – ​​suitable, accordingly
• Goulu - goulûment – ​​voraciously, greedily

Exceptions:

• Eperdument – ​​passionately, madly, uncontrollably
• Résolument - decisively, firmly, boldly
• Ingénument - innocently, with an innocent look

Rule #3. Some adverbs that are formed from the feminine form of an adjective take the letter “é”:

• Précisément - exactly, exactly, just
• Obscurement - unclear, vague, vague
• Expression - precise, unambiguous; on purpose, on purpose, intentionally, deliberately
• Profondément - deep; to the highest degree, fundamentally

The same rule also applies to some adverbs that are formed from adjectives that do not change by gender. For example:

• Aveuglément - blindly, recklessly, blindly
• Commodément - convenient, comfortable
• Enormément - extremely, excessively, very much, very strongly
• Immensement - limitless, immense
• Uniformément - same, monotonous
• Intensément - strong, intense

Rule #4. Adjectives that end in –ant and –ent form adverbs with the endings –amment and –emment (both endings are pronounced the same:

• Savant – savamment – ​​learnedly, skillfully, skillfully
• Prudent - prudemment - carefully

Exceptions:

• Obligeamment - helpful, helpful

Rule #5. Some adverbs are formed from obsolete forms of French adjectives. These are the following adverbs:

• Brièvement – ​​briefly, briefly
• Grièvement - seriously, seriously, dangerously (grièvement blessé - seriously, dangerously wounded)
• Traîtreusement - treacherous, villainous

Place of adverbs in a French sentence

There are several rules by which an adverb is placed in a sentence. These are the rules:

If an adverb refers to an adjective or other adverb, then in the sentence it is placed before the word it defines:

• Elle habite à Paris depuis longtemps. - ShelivesVParisfor a long time.
• Marie est trop belle. - Marietoo muchbeautiful.
• Je prepare mon petit déjeuner extrê mement vite. - II'm cookingto myselfbreakfastextremefast.
• Michel est très intelligent. – MichelleVerysmart.
• Cet enfant est prohibitivement paresseux. - Thischildimpermissiblelazy.

If an adverb in a sentence refers to a verb, then it is placed after it. If the verb is in a negative form, then the adverb should come after the negative particle:

• Je vous entends mal, pouvez-vous parler plus haut? - IyouBadlyI hear, couldwouldYouspeaklouder?
• Elle aime beaucoup le chocolat.- She loves chocolate very much.
• Jen'aimepas beaucoup lechocolate- I don't really like chocolate.

If the verb is in any complex tense, then some adverbs are placed between the auxiliary verb (Avoir or Etre) and the participle Participe Passé (beaucoup, peu, bien, mal, encore, déjà, trop), while the rest are placed after the participle Participe Passé:

• Elleatrop mange. - She ate too much.
• J'aibienpassémesvacanciesd'été. – I had a good summer holiday.
• Je suis encore restée là-bas. - Imoreremainedthere.
• J'aidejàprisletaxipouryarrive. – I already took a taxi to get there.
• Il a mal récité le poème. - HeBadlyreadpoem.

But please note that in some cases an adverb may refer not to a verb, but to a noun. In such situations, an adverb is placed before this noun-object:

• J'ailubeaucoupdejournaux.- I read a lot of newspapers.
• Elle a acheté trop de cosmétique. She bought too much cosmetics.
• Céline a commandé encore de gâ – Celineorderedmorecakes.
• Nous avons mangé peu de croissants. - Weatefewcroissants.

If the verb in a sentence appears in one of the immediate tenses, then the adverb must be placed before the infinitive of the semantic verb:

• Elle va immédiatement vous faire du café. - Sheimmediatelywill cookto youcoffee.
• Nous allons tout de suite vous raconter cette histoire. - WeNowsamewe'll tell youto youthishistory.
• Elles vont bientô t terminer leur ouvrage. - Theysoonwill finishmywork.

If the adverb refers to the entire sentence as a whole, then it can be located either at the beginning of the sentence or at its end:

• Heureusement, nous avons la possibilité de le faire (heureusement). - TOluckily, yusThere isopportunitydoThis(Toluckily).
• Je vais au théâ tre souvent. - II'm walkingVtheateroften.
• Hier j'ai rencontre Michel. - YesterdayImetMichel.
• Nous allons au cinéma aujourd'hui. - Welet's goVmovieToday.
• Michel aime Marie éperdument. – MichellelovesMariecrazy.

As for adverbs of time and place, they are placed either at the beginning of the sentence or at the end:

• Où vas-tu ? Je vais là-bas. - WhereYouyou're coming? I go there.
• J'ai étéchezAndréhier. – I visited Andre yesterday.
• Nous voulons faire cela maintenant. - Wewe wantdoThisNow.
• Il fait chaud ici. - It's hot here. / It is hot here.
• Nous visitons nos cousins ​​souvent. - Welet's visitourcousinsbrothersoften.

Most used adverbs

Friends, we invite you to pay attention, and maybe even memorize the following adverbs. These words are quite often used and found in French speech, so they will definitely come in handy:

Adverbs of time (les adverbes de temps):

• Quelquefois - sometimes, sometimes
• Parfois - sometimes
• Autrefois - formerly
• Sitôt que - as soon as, after
• Bientot - coming soon
• Aussitôt que - immediately, immediately
• Tantôt - (today) afternoon
• D’antan – last year (but often used to mean “before”)
• Naguère – recently
• Jadis - long ago, long ago
• Tout de suite - right away
• Tout à l’heure - immediately, immediately
• Tout à coup - suddenly
• Tout d'un coup - immediately, quickly
• Souvent - often
• Jamais - never
• Maintenant - now
• Tot - early
• Tard - late
• Aujourd'hui - today
• Hier - yesterday
• Demain - tomorrow
• Déjà - already
• Toujours - always

Adverbs of place (les adverbes de place):

• Dedans - inside
• Dehors - outside
• Là - there
• Çà – here
• Là-bas – there
• Partout - everywhere
• Ici - here
• Quelque part - somewhere
• Ailleurs - elsewhere

Adverbs of affirmation (les adverbes d’affirmation):

• Oui - yes
• Si - yes (affirmative answer to a negative question)
• Certes - of course, certainly

Adverbs of negation (les adverbes de negation):

• Ne - not
• Pas - not
• Non - no

Adverbs of sequence (les adverbes de séquence):

• D'abord - first
• Donc - so
• Puis - then
• Enfin - finally
• Alors - then

Adverbs of quantity and degree (les adverbes de quantité et de dégrée):

• Beaucoup - very
• Très - very
• Trop - too
• Assez - enough
• Pas assez - not enough
• Peu - little

Adverbs of doubt (les adverbes de doute):

• Peut-être - maybe
• Probablement - probably, probably
• Sans doute - probably, without a doubt
• Possiblement - possible

Separately, it is worth saying a few words about the adverb Tout - everything, completely, completely, very, completely, completely.

In a sentence, this adverb is placed before an adjective or other adverb, and agrees with it in gender and number. Note:

• Ilesttoutpâ lecesoir. - He is all (very) pale this evening.
• Elleesttoutepâlecesoir. – She’s all (very) pale this evening.

The adverb Tout helps to form other adverbs of which it is included. For example:

• Tout de suite - immediately
• Tout le monde - everything
• Tout le temps – all the time
• Tous les jours – all days
• Tout à l’heure - coming soon
• Tout à coup - suddenly
• Tout à fait - completely
• Tout droit - straight
• Pas du tout - not at all, not at all
• Tout de même - the same thing
• Tous (toutes) les deux – both, both
• Tous les deux jours – every two days
• Toutes les deux semaines – every two weeks
• En tout cas – in any case
• Malgré tout – despite everything

Knowing the adverbs in French, you can make significant progress in learning grammar. We wish you good luck!

Adverbs of manner

- words from Latin: bien (Fine), comme ( How), mal ( Badly), volontiers ( willingly), mieux ( better)…

- adjectives used as adverbs: haut ( loud), net ( It's clear), claire ( It's clear) …

- most of the adverbs of this group are formed according to the rule (except gentiment (cute) , educated not according to the rules):

Adverb formation:

feminine adjective + suffix –ment:

nouvelle – nouvellement ( again, recently, again);

petit – petitement (little, petty)

Special cases:

1) adjective that ends in the masculine gender with vowels -é, -i, -u do not have the letter e before the suffix –ment:

• vraiment (really, truly, truly),
• police (politely), moderation (modestly),
• absolute (absolutely).

Exception :

• gaiment (funny) .

2) in some adverbs formed from adjectives with a final u, accent circonflexe (roof) is placed above u:

• assidu - assiduousness ( diligently, diligently);
• congru - congrûment ( appropriate, accordingly),
• goulu - goulument ( voraciously, greedily).

Exceptions:

• eperdument ( passionately, madly, uncontrollably),
• ingenument ( innocently, with an innocent look),
• resolution (decisively, firmly, boldly).

3) some adverbs formed from the feminine form of an adjective take é :

• précisément (exactly, exactly, just);
• obscurement (vague, vague, vague);
• expression (exactly, unambiguously; on purpose, specifically, intentionally);
• profondément (deeply; supremely, fundamentally).

Likewise, some adverbs formed from adjectives that do not change by gender:

• aveuglement ( blindly, recklessly, blindly);
• commodément (comfortable);
• énormément (excessively, extremely, very much, very strongly);
• immensement (immense, limitless);
• uniformity (monotonous, same);
• intensity (intensely, strongly).

4) adjectives –ant And –ent form adverbs with endings –amment And –emment(pronounced the same:

• savant – savamment ( scientifically, skillfully, skillfully);
• prudent – ​​prudence (carefully).

Exceptions :

• obligeamment ( helpful, attentive).

5) adverbs brièvement (briefly), grièvement (hard, dangerous), traîtreusement (treacherously, villainously) are formed from obsolete forms of adjectives.

Adverbs of time

• Quelquefois - sometimes, sometimes
• Parfois - sometimes
• Autrefois - formerly
• Sitôt - as soon as, after
• Bientôt - coming soon
• Aussitôt - immediately, immediately
• Tantôt - (today) afternoon
• D'antan - used as an addition. It is translated “last year”, but is often used to mean “before”.
• Naguère – recently
• Jadis - long ago, long ago
• Tout de suite - right away
• Tout à coup - suddenly
• Tout d'un coup - immediately, quickly
• Souvent - often
• Jamais - never
• Maintenant - now
• Tot - early
• Tard - late
• Aujourd'hui - today
• Hier - yesterday
• Demain - tomorrow
• Déjà - already
• Toujours - always

Adverbs of place

• Dedans - inside
• Dehors - outside
• Là - there
• Partout - everywhere
• Ici - here
• Quelque part - somewhere
• Ailleurs - elsewhere

Adverbs of assertion

• Oui - yes
• Si - yes (yes answer to a negative question)
• Certes - of course, certainly

Adverbs of negation

• Ne - not
• Pas - not
• Non - no

Adverbs of doubt

• Peut-être - maybe
• Probability - probably
• Sans doute - probably

Adverbs of quantity and degree

• Beaucoup - very
• Tres - very
• Trop - too much
• Assez - enough
• Pas assez is not enough
• Peu - little

Adverbs of sequence

• D'abord - first
• Donc - so
• Puis - then
• Enfin - finally
• Alors - then

Adverb tout

Place of adverbs

1. If an adverb refers to an adjective or other adverb, then it is put before defined by the word:

J'habite à Moscou dé jà longtemps. — I have been living in Moscow for a long time.

Elle est très belle. — She is very beautiful.

2. If an adverb refers to a verb, then it is put after him. If the verb is in the negative form, then the adverb is placed after the negative particle:

Je vous comprends mal. - I can not fully understand you.

J'aime beaucoup le chocolat. - I love chocolate very much.

Je n'aime pas beaucoup le chocolat. — I don't really like chocolate.

3. If the verb is in one of difficult times, then some adverbs are placed between the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) and the participle participe passé ( bien, mal, beaucoup, peu, encore, déjà, trop ), the rest - after the participle passé:

J'ai trop mange. - I ate too much.

BUT: please note that in some cases an adverb may refer not to a verb, but to a noun, and then it is placed before this complement noun:

J'ai lu beaucoup de livres. — I've read a lot of books.

Compare: J'ai beaucoup lu. — I read a lot.

4. If the verb is in one of near future , the adverb is placed before the infinitive of the semantic verb:

Je vais immédiatement te faire du café. “I’ll make you coffee right away.”

5. If an adverb refers to the entire sentence, it can be placed either at the beginning of the sentence or at its end:

Malheureusement, nous n'avons pas la possibilité de le faire (malheureusement). - Unfortunately, we do not have the opportunity to do this.

6. Adverbs of time and place are placed either at the beginning of the sentence or at the end:

Hier, il a plu (hier). — It was raining yesterday.

Exercises

Adverb formation

adverb place

Exercise 6 - find a suitable adverb

So, let's talk about adverbs. First, let's figure out what it is.

In any language, being a separate part of speech, an adverb (answering the question “how?”) is most often a dependent member of a sentence, defining:

1) verb (for example: je mange lentement; il lit vite; elle arriva hier)

2) intensity of an adjective or other adverb (c’est bien facile, très vite)

As in Russian, adverbs in French can serve as connectives (tout à coup, toutefois). It can also serve as a modifier of a noun (après la guerre, il restait trois maisons debout), or it can also be isolated (un bateau apparut, au loin).

An adverb is often placed after the verb. However, if it is isolated, then it can be placed either before or after the verb node: elle a souffert, terriblement or Terriblement, elle a souffert ici. If one of the complex verb forms is used, for example, passé composé, then the adverb is placed inside this form, before the nominative or semantic part: elle a terriblement souffert.

1. The most widely used and simplest of all adverbs can perhaps be called quantitative. They answer the questions: “How?” and how many?". We will not go into the depths of grammar and will name only the main ones:

Beaucoup (with verb), très (with adjective and adverb), fort, bien, assez, peu

For example:

J'ai mangé trop - I ate too much.

Il m'aime fort. - He loves me very much.

Nous travaillons bien. - We are doing well.

In addition, adverbs in French can have a comparative meaning. These words are: autant, plus, environ, moins, presque, aussi, quelque, à peu près.

For example: Il m'aime moins que toi. - He loves me less than you.

2. There are also adverbs that are called qualitative or “Les adverbes de manière” - adverbs of manner of action. They characterize the quality and specific nuance of the action, the method of movement, as well as the course of time. Among them there are simple ones: mal, bien, soudain, vite, debout, but there are not many of them. Most qualitative adverbs end in -ment. By the way, they are not at all difficult to form from an adjective.

For example: brusque - brusquement, simple - simplement, etc.

To correctly form an adverb from an adjective, you need:

1) use an adjective in the feminine form (lourd-lourde-lourdement);

2) if the adjective ends in -ent, then it must be transformed into -emment (prudent – ​​prudemment), and if it ends in –ant, then into –amment (savant – savamment)

Exceptions include précis – précisement and vrai-vraiment.

3. Adverbial adverbs include those that define place and time.

The first can be divided into four groups:

1) defining the place from the point of view of the participant in the conversation: là-bas, ici, là, ailleurs, ça;

2) indicating position in relation to a certain object: dehors, dedans, delà, dessus, dessous, alentour, devant, derrière, autour, deça. They usually replace the prepositional phrase. Grammar experts still argue about this group, often calling such adverbs postfixes - a kind of mixture of an adverb and a preposition;