Nationality of Italy in English. Countries and nationalities in English. Country names in English. Exercises to consolidate material with keys

Even in the phrase " He is Russian" word Russian- also a noun, although it looks like an adjective. In English, nationalities are often denoted by adjectives.

EltonJohnisEnglish – Elton John – Englishman

Pablio Picasso was Spanish / a Spaniard - PabloPicassowasSpaniard

Adjective endings

Countries on – ia take an adjective ending – n .

Russia — Russian

Nationalities on – ian :

Belgian, Brazilian, Canadian, Egyptian, Ghanaian, Hungarian, Iranian, Italian, Jordanian, Norwegian, Palestinian, Peruvian, Ukrainian.

Nationalities on –(e)an :

American, Angolan, Chilean, Costa Rican, Cuban, German, Kenyan, Korean, Libyan, Mexican, Moroccan, Paraguayan, Singaporean, South African, Sri Lankan, Ugandan, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Zairean, Zimbabwean

Nationalities on – ish :

British, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish

Nationalities on –ese :

Burmese, Chinese, Japanese, Lebanese, Maltese, Nepalese, Portuguese, Senegalese, Sudanese, Surinamese, Taiwanese, Vietnamese

Nationalities on – i :

Bangladeshi,Bengali,Iraqi,IsraeliKuwait,Omani,Pakistani,Panjabi/Punjabi,Qatari,saudi,Yemeni

Special exceptions – Afghan/Afghani, Argentine/Argentinian/Argentinean, Czech, Cypriot, Dutch, Philippine, Greek, Hindu, Mozambican/Mozambiquan/Mozambiquean, Pashto/Pushto/Pushtu, Swiss, Thai, Welsh.

Nationality nouns

Adjectives and nouns of nationalities in -an match up:

American - American =anAmerican - American

Nouns of other nationalities differ from adjectives.

Arabian – an Arab

British – a Brit(on)/Britisher

Danish - a Dane

Dutch – a Dutchman/Dutchwoman(Dutchman)

English - an Englishman/Englishwoman

Finnish - a Finn

French - a Frenchman/Frenchwoman

Irish – an Irishman/Irishwoman

Polish - a Pole

Philippine – a Filipino

Scottish – a Scot/Scotsman/Scotswoman

Spanish - a Spaniard

Swedish – a Swede

Turkish – a Turk

Welsh – a Welshman/Welshwoman

Substantivizationnationalities

When generalizing nationality to – i/an become nouns. Therefore, they can and should end with –s , and the article the serves here only to enhance collection.

Americanslove hamburgers - Americanslovehamburgers

Other collective nationalities, on the contrary, require the and exclude — s.

The Englishthink the sense of humor is very important – Englishconsider, WhatfeelinghumorVeryimportant

The Irishsing very well – IrishVeryFinesing

English Joke

A woman in the mountains of Tennessee was seated in the doorway of the cabin, busily eating some pig’s feet. A neighbor hurried up to tell of how her husband had become engaged in a saloon brawl and had been shot to death. The widow continued munching on a pig’s foot in silence while she listened to the harrowing news. As the narrator paused, she spoke thickly from her crowded mouth:

“Jest wait till I finish this-here pig’s trotter, an’ ye’ll hear some hollerin’ as is hollerin’.”

Your application is accepted

Our manager will contact you soon

Close

There was an error sending

Send again

Sometimes people say: “He speaks Germany. “She is from French.” You can understand, butThey say it incorrectly. And all becausethat the names of countries-nationalities-languages ​​are very similar. It's easy to confuse ifdon't know for sure. Learn for sure! Peopleshould know where you are from.What surprises you: when you first look atcountries and nationalities (in English), andalso adjectives that describeproducts, services from these countries - thenyou notice that they are written with capitalletters! Wow, how respectful! (ANDThey also write the pronoun “I” withcapital letters. They love and respect themselves! A We?!)

Nationality in English is an adjective , which describeswhere the person comes from, the food, etc.My grandfather often repeated: “Look! Lookwhat are you like!” And in nationalitiesin English I noticed a lot of words withending –ish: Danish, Spanish, Turkish, andetc. I remembered and remembered my grandfather...

Here's some good news for those new to English: many names of languages ​​andnationalities match! Learned the language -and voila: you already know automaticallynationality! Just beforenationality in singularyou need to add the article a/an:And Belarusian smiled at me very friendly. –The Belarusian smiled at me friendly.There are, of course, a couple of exceptions (but what about without them!).

Table of mismatched spellings and the sound of nationalities and languages.

Learn the words:

Guess:

1. She can see the Eiffel Tower from her balcony. What city and country does she live in?
2. He drives a very expensive red Ferrari. What country makes such posh cars?
3. My uncle lives in Warsaw more than 30 years. Of course he can speak ____!
4. I adore sushi! Do you know which cuisine is it? (cuisine n kitchen)
5. My friend from Moscow presented me Matryoshka yesterday! Oh, it's a very awesome traditional ___ doll!
6. I was in Rome last month. Oh, those ___ men! It seems to me they know only one word “belissima!”
   
7. When we were in Texas we saw real cowboys. I asked one of them: “Do youspeak American? He smiled at me andanswered: “Nope, young lady! We speak ____!”

Activate!

1. Do you know the nationalities of your grand-grandparents?
   
2. Can you draw a flag of your country?
3. How many languages ​​can you speak?
4. What language is spoken in many countries of the world?
   
5. Today is the 21st century. But why people still use the services of human translators?

One of the very first and easiest for beginners, as it allows you to practice the verb to be. Despite the ease, many make mistakes in using countries and nationalities. How to avoid them? We will consider below using tables what rules govern the use of geographical names and their derivatives.

How are countries and nationalities formed in English?

So let's start from the beginning. Countries and nationalities in English are formed using the endings of adjectives. What are these endings? Consider below:

• -ish - Poland - Polish (Poland - Polish);
• -ian - Hungary - Hungarian (Hungary - Hungarian);
• -ese - China - Chinese (China - Chinese);
• -an - Korea - Korean (Korea - Korean);
• -i - Pakistan - Pakistani (Pakistan - Pakistani);
• endings that are used to form one nationality must be remembered, since they are exceptions, for example France - French (France - French).

What prepositions should be used with geographical names?

The prepositions to, in and from are used with country names. This is one of the difficult topics for beginners, which is studied as part of the “Countries and Nationalities” program. In English, as in Russian, the use of a preposition depends on what the speaker wants to say.

• To is a preposition of direction, translated as in, in, to.
• From - preposition of direction, translated as from, from.
• In - the preposition shows that the speaker is in this country, or something is happening in it.

These prepositions can be used in all tenses and in any type of sentence. Examples with translation are given below.

So, let's look at countries and nationalities in English. A table of the use of prepositions with geographical names is presented to your attention.

How are the names of countries and nationalities used grammatically?

When learning English, many students make serious mistakes in conversation. They can be avoided if you follow the grammatical rules:

• The names of not only countries, but also nationalities and adjectives denoting something national are always written with a capital letter.
• When describing an object or language, an adjective is used to denote nationality; if it does not coincide with the adjective, you must use the word corresponding to it and in no case replace it with the name of the country.

• When designating a people, you need to use Russian - the Russians (Russian - Russians), American - the Americans (American - Americans).
• If the nationality adjective ends in -i, -ese, -ss, -ch, -sh, then the ending -s is not added to it - the Iraqi (Iraqis), the Japanese (Japanese), the Swiss (Swiss), the French (French), the Scottish (Scots).
• Using an adjective denoting nationality without the article the is possible if you add the word people to it: Italian people, Chinese people, Brazilian people, Arab people.

Table of countries and nationalities with translation

The table of countries and nationalities in English represents the most and nationalities that are encountered during the study. What makes it special? For some countries, nationality and adjective are the same, so one word is written in the corresponding column. If nationality is indicated by another word, it is written in the same column.

Exercises to consolidate material with keys

We looked at countries and nationalities in English. The table above contains the minimum number of countries that foreign language learners should know. Using it and the rules of use, do exercises to consolidate the material, and then check the correctness of the answers using the keys.

). We will not indicate the names of all countries in our article, but will focus only on those that are well-known - our closest neighbors and business partners. We will also look at what nationalities are called in English, what languages ​​and currencies are used in each country. A convenient table of countries, nationalities, currencies in English and a test will be a nice bonus at the end of the article.

Nationalities and countries of the world in English

First of all, we need to understand the meaning of words such as “country” ( a country) and "state" ( a state). In many cases these concepts mean the same thing, but not always. When we use the word “country,” we are talking about people united by territory, language, traditions, and culture. And “state” implies a community of people united by political power and territory. In general, both concepts are widely used in English, so look at the context when you should say a state, and when a country.

Every state has a nationality ( a nationality). Now nationality is synonymous with citizenship ( citizenship). Most countries have an official language ( an official language) and religion ( religion), but not everywhere. For example, at the federal level, the United States has no official language or religion. Americans are free to choose in what language to fill out documents and what religion to profess. They are very proud of this fact and see the absence of an official language as an example of democracy in its purest form - everyone is free to do what they want.

Let's look at the table of countries, nationalities and currencies in English. We also indicated the language spoken in these states.

Articles with names of states

Traditionally, no article is placed before the names of countries and cities: China, Spain. But if the name consists of several words, then the article is needed: the Czech Republic, the United States of America. You need to remember what we say , BUT the Russian Federation. Watch the video from the teacher Alex, which tells you when to use an article before country names:

Features of the use of nationalities in English

You may have noticed that the name of the language and nationality are often the same. How to understand what the meaning of a word is English, for example, did you mean? Everything will be clear in context, when this word is used in conjunction with other words.

There is an interesting expression in English that is based on stereotypes about nationalities ( national stereotypes):

Heaven is where the police are British, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and it is all organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and it is all organized by the Italians. “Paradise is a place where the police are British, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian, and the Swiss run everything.” Hell is a place where the Germans are the police, the British are the cooks, the French are the mechanics, the Swiss are the lovers, and it's all run by the Italians.

This phrase should not be taken seriously, although there is a grain of humor in every joke :-) Please note that the names of nationalities in English are always written with a capital letter. Let’s also look at how to correctly use articles with nationalities.

1. Words English, Chinese, Spanish are essentially adjectives. To make a plural noun from an adjective, just add an article the before the word itself. This rule works with nationalities that end in - ch, -sh, -ese And - ss.
   

   The English are famous for being polite. – English are known for being polite.

   The Chinese are good workers. – Chinese- good workers.

   The French make wonderful cheese. – French people They make great cheese.

   And if from nationalities - ch, -sh, -ese And - ss you need to make it singular, then add words boy, man, woman, person:

   A Japanese woman has won a million dollar in lottery. – Japanese won a million dollars in the lottery.

   I am an Englishman in New York. - I Englishman in NYC.

   By the way, options English man And Englishman are correct, you can write both together and separately. It’s a pity that this is not possible with other nationalities.

2. But other nationalities - , Turk– are nouns. To form a plural noun, we add the ending to the word - s:
   

   We are not, we are. - We are not Brazilians, We Russians.

   Turks have a rich history. – U Turk rich story.

And if we are talking about one person, a representative of this nationality, then we simply take the word itself.

He is. - He is Russian.

My friend is in love with that. – My friend is in love with that Brazilian.

10 interesting facts about countries and nationalities

1. Do you know that countries America does not exist? In Russian we can say “He is from America”, nevertheless the country is called the United States of America or the U.S. And don't forget about the article. A America- This is part of the world.
2. The smallest state in the world is the Vatican ( Vatican).
3. The oldest independent state is Egypt. The first dynasty of Egyptian rulers appeared around 3100 BC.
4. The largest number of lakes is in Canada ( Canada). There are about 3 million lakes in the country, in fact 9% of Canada's territory is fresh water, and about 60% of all the world's lakes are in Canada.
5. Mongolia ( Mongolia) is the country with the smallest population density. On average, 1 person lives per 1 km2. An excellent choice for those who are tired of noisy and annoying neighbors: here you won’t even see them!
6. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) is called a country without rivers. Most fresh water comes from special desalination plants or from underground reservoirs.
7. The country where the largest number of languages ​​are used in daily communication is Papua New Guinea ( the Independent State of Papua New Guinea). Although the official language of the state is English, only 1-2% of the population speaks it. Linguists estimate that, with a population of 7 million, Papuans speak more than 800 languages.
8. Libya ( Libya) is the most “desert” country in the world. Almost 99% of the territory is covered by arid desert. Some regions of Libya have not seen even a drop of rain for decades.
9. Russia produces the largest amount of air on Earth. Siberia ( Siberia) is home to 25% of the world's forests. And the area of ​​forests in Russia is even larger than the area of ​​the United States.
10. Near Antarctica ( Antarctica) has its own telephone code (+672). We need to call the penguins somehow!

(*.pdf, 208 Kb)

​

Test

Countries and nationalities in English