Modular expansion valve fire extinguishing: main advantages, models, operating principle of units. Application of fire extinguishing systems with mist water to protect warehouse complexes and terminals Autonomous fire extinguishing modules with mist water
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Warehouses: features of fires
Today, not a single warehouse complex or industrial premises can do without a highly effective fire extinguishing system. Considering that the majority of material assets stored in warehouses are flammable, easily flammable materials or stored in flammable packaging, fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems are mandatory for all warehouses.
The features of warehouses and logistics complexes are: a large area and height of premises, the presence of various storage areas, the installation of high, even overlapping, racks, narrow passages between them and between storage areas, the presence of unheated warehouse premises, a large number of material assets stored there, loss which in the event of a fire or damage due to contact with a fire extinguishing agent can be very expensive.
Selecting an automatic fire extinguishing installation. Rationale for the use of finely sprayed water (MAW)
The main regulatory documents that serve as the basis for the design of fire extinguishing installations are Federal Law No. 123-FZ and SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules." For large and complex facilities, including warehouses with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m, special technical conditions (STU) are often developed, which determine the type of installation for this particular facility.
Along with the requirements of fire safety regulations, it is necessary to take into account the features of such objects and calculate the economic efficiency of the selected fire extinguishing agent, as well as know all its features and disadvantages.
Fires in warehouses, due to the high density of the flammable load, are characterized by a rapid increase in temperature and an increase in the fire area, which significantly complicates their extinguishing and leads to serious material damage. Often a fire in a warehouse that is not equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system leads to complete combustion of the materials stored there and the collapse of building structures due to high temperature.
Fire extinguishing systems in warehouses and production workshops should be aimed primarily at quickly localizing the fire and preventing significant material damage. A large concentration of flammable materials requires large amounts of water for fire extinguishing. As a rule, the main task when designing automatic fire extinguishing systems at such facilities is to ensure their sufficient water supply. In the absence or insufficient flow of water supply, there is a need to equip reservoirs or reservoirs to store fire-fighting water supplies.
In conditions of water shortage, fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water (MAW) is of particular interest. The efficiency of this method in some cases is significantly higher than conventional large-droplet systems, and their implementation requires significantly less consumption and water supply.
The main advantage of such a system is significant water savings. Thanks to sprayers of this class, four times less liters of water are consumed, and drops with an ultra-small diameter (no more than 100-150 microns) cause less damage to the room and its interior, while dealing with the source of fire much more effectively.
For storage facilities for cellulose-based materials (paper, wood products), food and pharmaceutical warehouses, warehouses with complex and expensive electronic equipment, finely sprayed water (FWA) is the most acceptable solution.
At the same time, we must not forget that finely sprayed water should not be used to extinguish class D fires, as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
Explosive when interacting with water (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
Decomposes when interacting with water, releasing flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
Interacting with water with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
Self-igniting substances (sodium hydrogen sulfate).
Fire extinguishing mechanism of TRV installations
Finely sprayed water (MAW) is an effective and economical means of extinguishing fires. By using water supplied under high pressure as a fire extinguishing agent and producing droplets no larger than 100-150 microns, a fine mist is created that quickly saturates the protected volume of the room, while reducing the oxygen concentration, significantly increasing the effectiveness of fire extinguishing using a minimum amount of water.
In addition, when water evaporates in the combustion zone, steam is formed, which temporarily prevents the gas exchange of combustion products with oxygen, and also participates in reducing the oxygen concentration near the combustion zone.
Water mist, having a high heat capacity and a large total active surface area of the droplets, sharply reduces the temperature in the fire zone, stopping the chemical combustion reaction. The rapid spraying and high cooling effect of the water mist make it possible to evacuate occupants even while the fire extinguishing system is operating. Thus, in addition to cooling, water implements two more extinguishing mechanisms: insulation and dilution.
Advantages of using water mist installations (MAW)
The main advantages of extinguishing warehouse premises with modular automatic fire extinguishing installations using finely sprayed water:
Autonomy of the technological part of the installation from external sources. The TRV system does not require a supply of water or electricity.
TRV systems demonstrate high extinguishing efficiency combined with low consumption of fire extinguishing agent;
Complete safety when the expansion valve is exposed to people and material assets, if the modules are filled with clean water without additives;
Extended fire extinguishing activity. At the end of the installation, the water mist hangs in the room for another 10-15 minutes and continues to flow into areas with elevated temperatures. This is especially important for suppressing smoldering processes and preventing re-ignition.
Minimum material costs when restoring and bringing fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water MUPTV into working condition after activation. There is no need to dismantle the modules; water is poured into the module itself on site.
Finely sprayed water has a high smoke-precipitating ability. Practice proves that after the installation of finely sprayed water has been activated, there is no need to turn on the smoke removal system.
Due to the supply of a very small amount of fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing, no additional devices are required to remove it after the installation has been activated.
Environmentally friendly (certified, safe additives for humans are used);
Ease of installation, maintenance and operation;
The method of storing the fire extinguishing agent and propellant gas can be combined or separate. Water is used as a fire extinguishing agent in accordance with GOST 2874, which may contain various additives that preserve the quality of water and increase the efficiency of the extinguishing process. With certain additives, finely atomized water modules can be used at temperatures down to – 50 0C.
Nitrogen gas technical GOST 9293, air, a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide are used as propellant gas.
Modular fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water correspond to the climatic version “UHL”, location category “4” according to GOST 15150-69, but in the temperature range from 5°C to 55°C. Degree of protection of electrical equipment from external influences according to GOST 14254 IP 33 or IP 54.
Installation pipelines should be made of galvanized or stainless steel. The pipelines must be sealed at maximum pressure Pwork.max. (13 MPa) and withstand the test pressure Fig. = 1.25Rrab.max.
Operating principle of a water mist fire extinguishing installation
The operating principle of the TRV installation is as follows:
1. The fire alarm system detects a fire and issues an electrical signal to the shut-off device on the water mist fire extinguishing module's starting cylinder.
Features of fires in hotels
Modern hotel complexes are usually located in multifunctional high-rise buildings. In addition to hotel rooms, they include premises for other functional purposes: administrative, sports, cultural and leisure, service, healthcare, educational, utility, parking, etc.
Today, the hotel industry is characterized by a high degree of automation and a tendency to minimize service personnel.
Features of fires in hotel complexes include the following:
there are a large number of people in the building at the time of the fire;
fires often occur at night, and most of them start in rooms with limited access to people;
The duration of fire extinguishing is approximately 3 to 5 hours;
fire causes great material damage. Fires that occurred in hotels are divided into the following main groups: fires caused by smoking;
fires that occurred during hotel renovations;
fires caused by incandescent lamps;
fires caused by violations of fire safety rules when installing electrical appliances;
fires in kitchens;
fires in areas where people live.
Typically, a fire occurs due to non-compliance with fire safety measures. And, despite the fact that they are clearly stated by law, many premises owners ignore them. However, statistics show that every hour one person dies in a fire and another 20 receive burns and injuries of varying severity, and every 5 minutes a new fire starts in the country. Hotels and hostels belong to a high-risk zone - these are buildings in which there are always a lot of people, and many of the guests, while on vacation, lose their vigilance and neglect basic fire safety rules.
Rationale for using TRV Fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water in hotels is especially important, since it is there that high extinguishing efficiency is required and minimizing damage from water spills is important.
Typically, fires in hotel complexes develop according to the following scenario:
During the first 10–20 minutes, the fire spreads linearly along the combustible material. At this time, the room is filled with smoke and it is impossible to see the flames. The air temperature in the room gradually rises to 250–300 degrees. This is the ignition temperature of all flammable materials.
After 20 minutes, the volumetric spread of the fire begins. After another 10 minutes, the glazing begins to fail. The influx of fresh air increases, and the development of fire increases sharply. The temperature reaches 900 degrees.
Burnout phase. Within 10 minutes the maximum fire speed is reached. After the main substances burn out, the fire stabilization phase occurs (from 20 minutes to 5 hours). If the fire cannot spread to other rooms, the fire goes outside. At this time, the collapse of burnt out structures occurs.
That is why it is of great importance to have an automatic fire extinguishing system in the building.
At the same time, the water fire extinguishing system has a number of disadvantages:
– causes damage to property and interiors by spilling large amounts of water;
– due to the high intensity of irrigation, powerful pumps and large diameter pipes are required.
The average time to extinguish a fire when using fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water is several minutes, the estimated operating time of the installation is 10 minutes, thus, the fire is extinguished at the stage of the first phase, which makes it possible to almost completely avoid the consequences of the fire for people and material assets.
The demand for water mist equipment is growing every year. Both modular installations of finely atomized water and automatic installations for extinguishing fires with finely atomized water of an aggregate type have found widespread use.
Water mist fire extinguishing installations are divided into 2 types:
modular (with cylinders);
using high pressure pumps.
Fire extinguishing with water mist (MAW) is a modern, rapidly gaining popularity, highly effective fire extinguishing technology. Water is used as a fire extinguishing agent, supplied under high pressure through special spray nozzles, which creates a fine mist of droplets no larger than 100-150 microns in size, which quickly fills the protected room. At the same time, high efficiency of extinguishing fires is achieved with a minimum volume of consumed water, which allows the use of expansion valve technology in modular fire extinguishing systems.
The effectiveness of fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water is achieved due to the combined effect of the following factors:
- Firstly, fine water mist has a high heat capacity and a large total surface area of the droplets, which leads to a rapid decrease in temperature in the fire and stopping the chemical combustion reaction (temperature reduction effect).
- Secondly, when water evaporates in the fire zone, a large amount of water vapor is formed, which, being a gaseous substance, has the properties of volumetric fire extinguishing agents and penetrates into any cracks and porous surfaces, preventing the gas exchange of combustible materials with oxygen by reducing its concentration in the combustion zone (oxygen displacement effect).
- Thirdly, fine drops of water and water vapor, deposited on the surface of materials not yet involved in the combustion process, create a thin film of water on their surface, preventing the spread of fire to the areas of the protected premises adjacent to the source of fire (fire localization effect). In the fire extinguishing modules with finely sprayed water, produced by the Epotos Group of Companies, a foaming additive (potassium acetate) is used to enhance this effect. Potassium acetate solution also prevents water from freezing and allows the use of expansion valve modules at low temperatures (down to minus 40 degrees Celsius)
To summarize all of the above:
Fire extinguishing technology with finely sprayed water, in addition to cooling, implements two more extinguishing mechanisms - isolating the source and reducing the oxygen concentration.
There is another undeniable advantage of TRV fire extinguishing modules over other fire protection means - absolute environmental friendliness and safety for humans. This allows the use of this technology in residential premises, shopping pavilions, industrial workshops and other premises with the presence of people. The rapid spraying of water mist and its instant cooling effect allows the evacuation of people in the room even during the active phase of the fire (when the fire extinguishing system is activated).
In addition, finely sprayed water has a unique ability to precipitate smoke. Application practice shows that immediately after the fire extinguishing modules of the expansion valve are activated, there is no need to turn on the ventilation system to remove smoke.
Operating principle of fire extinguishing modules using finely sprayed water.
The operating principle of TRV modules is as follows:
1. Sensors of the automatic fire extinguishing system detect a fire, after which the system issues an electrical signal to start the fire extinguishing modules.
2. The incoming electrical impulse triggers the gas generator of the fire extinguishing module, which emits inert gas into the internal cavity of the module, which leads to a rapid increase in pressure inside the module body.
3. When critical pressure in the housing is reached (the process occurs in a split second), the safety membrane of the expansion valve module is destroyed and water is released through a fine spray into the protected room.
It should be noted that in the passive state (before actuation), the pressure inside the module body is completely absent, which significantly reduces the possibility of losing its functionality as a result of slight depressurization and gradual release of pressure. This distinguishes modules with a gas-generating principle of operation from other systems that are constantly under pressure.
Scope of application of TRV technology. Restrictions.
Along with the requirements of fire safety regulations, it is necessary to take into account the features of various protection objects and calculate the economic efficiency of the selected fire extinguishing technology, know all its features and disadvantages.
In residential and industrial premises, modular expansion valve systems are unrivaled due to environmental safety and harmlessness to humans
In warehouses intended for storing cellulose-based materials (paper, wood products), food, pharmaceutical products, complex and expensive electronic equipment, finely sprayed water is also the most acceptable solution. As you can see, the scope of application is very wide, but there are also limitations.
TRV modules are not intended for fire extinguishing in rooms with electrical equipment under very high voltage (over 1000 V).
In addition, finely sprayed water is not applicable for extinguishing class D fires, as well as some substances that are chemically active in relation to water, including:
- organoaluminum compounds, alkali and alkaline earth metals (extremely explosive when in contact with water and even in the presence of water vapor);
- organic lithium compounds, lead azide, hydrides of zinc, magnesium, aluminum (actively decompose in the presence of water, releasing flammable gases);
- thermite, titanium chloride, sulfuric acid (actively interact with water with high heat release);
It is important!
A feature of the Buran-TRV modules produced at the enterprises of the EPOTOS Group of Companies is the absence of standard surfactant foaming agents in the aqueous solution used, the service life of which is limited: 3 years of operation without recharging the modules. (see Explanatory letter from VNIIPO “On the service life of aqueous surfactant solutions”)
Buran-TRV modules use exclusively an aqueous solution of potassium acetate, which increases its frost resistance (up to minus 40°C) and allows the modules to be used for 10 years without recharging!
Testing of modules Buran-15 TRV "SPBEK-Mining" -2017
Currently, modular fire extinguishing systems with finely sprayed water and various installations (MUPTV) based on this technology are increasingly used as a universal fire extinguishing agent at protected facilities not only in Russia, but also abroad. The availability of water, its environmental friendliness, safety and high extinguishing efficiency in a finely sprayed state are the main reasons for the ever-increasing popularity of this modern technology using water as a fire extinguishing agent. Epotos specialists are constantly improving expansion valve modules, making changes to the design and technology of their production, and conducting numerous tests in order to eliminate the shortcomings of expansion valve products and expand the scope of their application.
The automatic fire extinguishing system with finely sprayed water (ASP TRV) allows the use of water as a fire extinguishing agent with maximum efficiency.
When used in this way, most of the disadvantages of water are reduced to minor consequences.
Operating principle
- Special fire detectors of various types determine the source of the fire and, if possible, its location.
- An activated fire alarm system sends an alarm signal to the console and activates the locking and starting device on the main module.
- The shut-off and release device opens a channel for gas to enter the water cylinder, where a gas-liquid composition with additional fire extinguishing additives is formed.
- The mixture is supplied under pressure to the spraying devices through a pipeline.
- Control of the release of finely sprayed water is carried out automatically and remotely using pressure detectors, which are located at control points on the pipeline.
- When the limit pressure in the water container is exceeded, the safety system is activated, and part of the gas is released through a safety device - a safety valve.
In standby mode, gas does not flow into the water container, therefore, the main cylinder is not under pressure, which increases the duration of operation of the entire system.
The size of a drop of finely atomized water is about 100 microns. Under the influence of high temperature, water turns into steam, which blocks the flow of oxygen to the source of fire. The effectiveness of extinguishing an average source of fire is 1 minute. The steam-water suspension remains in the air of the room, depending on the movement of air currents, for up to 15 minutes, which prevents the reoccurrence of a fire.
In addition to extinguishing the fire, the finely dispersed water mixture precipitates most of the particulate matter in the smoke, significantly reducing smoke levels.
Area of use
The use of a high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system is regulated by SP 5.13130.2009. They are used to extinguish fires of categories A, B and C. However, their use is allowed in rooms where electrical installations with voltages up to 1000V are located. ASP TRV is recommended to be installed at the following facilities:
- Multi-level indoor parking;
- Production and warehouse premises;
- Archives, library collections and book depositories;
- Cultural and entertainment complexes:
- Theaters and cinemas;
- Galleries;
- Exhibition centers and pavilions;
- Retail and office premises;
- Hotels.
Advantages
The performance characteristics of water mist fire extinguishing systems significantly exceed those of conventional systems of comparable cost and similar functionality.
- High fire extinguishing efficiency. The consumption of water with special fire extinguishing additives does not exceed 1.5 liters. per 1m2 of controlled premises;
- Absolute safety for people who are in the room. The extinguishing process can begin immediately after detecting a fire without waiting for personnel to evacuate.
- High smoke deposition ability;
- Environmentally friendly, subject to the use of certified fire extinguishing additives;
- Independence from external water sources;
- Compact, the ability to place main pipelines or modular installations behind suspended ceilings, which preserves the interior design.
- Possibility of reuse with minimal costs for restoration of functionality.
System design and design features
The rules and technical parameters of the project, and the installation sequence are regulated by Federal Law (FZ) No. 69 of December 21, 1994 and No. 123 of July 22, 2008. As well as technical standards SP 5.13130.2009, NPB 88-2001 and some others.
- Tank for storing water with added fire extinguishing agents;
- A device that forms a gas-liquid mixture;
- Siphon intake tube;
- Fastening tape;
- Drain plug (bolt);
- Safety relief valve;
- Gas cylinder for mixing and displacing water;
- Locking and starting device;
- Brackets for attaching a gas cylinder to a container of water;
- High pressure hose for supplying gas to the mixer;
- Intermediate fitting;
- Tee for connecting a pressure alarm and ;
- Pressure alarm;
- Interfloor covering;
- Supply pipeline;
- Sprayers;
- Tee;
- Distribution pipes;
- Place for refilling fire extinguishing agents;
- Targeted delivery device;
- High pressure hose.
Despite the ease of installation of the system, if its design and installation is carried out by inexperienced engineers, mistakes may be made that will lead to unjustified complication, increase in cost or decrease in operating efficiency. 
The most common mistakes:
- Installation of autonomous modules or a central unit with water and gas of a smaller volume than required for a room of this type;
- Using pipes without zinc or any other protective coating for pipeline installation;
- Exceeding the distance of placing water and gas cylinders from each other and from the controlled premises;
- Placing a water cylinder below the permissible level;
- Incorrect distribution of extinguishing zones (placement or direction of sprayers).
Types of automated water mist fire extinguishing systems
Classification by type of launch:
- – non-automatic spray nozzles are used. Activation is accomplished by opening the main control valve.
- – use automatic sprinklers. There are two types of sprinkler systems:
- Water-filled - there is always water in the pipes supplying water to the sprinklers. Extinguishing begins immediately after the alarm is triggered.
- Air-filled - water fills the pipes only up to the control valve. Supply into the distribution pipeline is carried out only after the sprinklers are activated.
The delay time for the start of the fire extinguishing process of an air-filled system is insignificant, and the resistance of the pipeline to corrosion processes increases significantly.
- Preliminary action - is a type of air-filled sprinkler system, equipped with fire detection detectors. At their signal, the shut-off valve opens and the fire extinguishing mixture enters the pipes. However, the fire extinguishing process begins only after the sprinklers are activated.
Depending on the operating pressure, systems are distinguished:
- With low pressure - up to 12.1 atm.;
- With average pressure - 12.1 - 34.5 atm.;
- With high pressure - more than 34.5 atm.
The difference between a deluge and a sprinkler nozzle is that the latter has a low-melting polymer insert or a glass flask with a heat-sensitive substance inside. When the threshold temperature increases, they open, freeing the nozzle for water supply.
Sprinklers: 
Autonomous water mist fire extinguishing modules
Fire extinguishing module with fine spray water TRV Garant 30. 
Installed in premises with fire hazard class F1 - F5. It is used in extinguishing fires of categories A and B with electrical equipment turned on with voltage up to 1000V. The duration of the fire extinguishing process is at least 5 seconds, during which time the device emits 30 liters. water with added fire extinguishing agents, the proportion of which should be 0.3 kg. The service life of the device is 10 years and it can be reused up to 5 times. The module operates at an operating temperature range of +5 - +50°C.
Modular water mist fire extinguishing installation typhoon. 
Used to extinguish class A1, A2, B1, B2 fires. A special feature of the device is the presence of four multi-directional spray nozzles, which increase the coverage area of the water suspension. Depending on the height of the device, 2-8 m, it can effectively treat an area of 6-20 m2. The effective operation time of the installation is 3-6 seconds, depending on the number of spray nozzles.
Extinguishing fires using modules or fine spray systems is very effective, but can only be used in heated rooms.
There are AUPT installations where powder and gas are used as waste water, which in some cases have advantages over water. Nevertheless, the most common stationary fire extinguishing systems are still water-based.
The explanation for this lies on the surface, or rather, it flows from every water tap - accessibility, low cost even with huge costs, volumes for localization/liquidation, practically unlimited or quite sufficient reserves for these purposes in external networks, fire reservoirs (reservoirs).
It's simple:
- After the activation of thermal, flame detectors, and in some cases in industrial premises that have a high category of explosion and fire hazard, explosion-proof fire detectors, the APS device sends a control signal to turn on the locking mechanism of the starting cylinder of the AUP-TRV extinguishing module.
- It is also possible to start the operation of the extinguishing system with sprayed water using , performing the function of a starting device for the installation (module) / AUP-TRV system.
- The displacing gas enters the reservoir with waste water (purified water, often with special additives).
- The resulting fire extinguishing mixture under pressure enters the distribution (supply) and then into distribution pipelines mounted under the ceiling of the protected room, to sprinklers that emit the mixture in the form of finely atomized water, often called water mist, which effectively suppresses the fire.
- Control/monitoring of the release of exhaust gas is carried out automatically, remotely, according to the readings of the mixture pressure indicator installed on the supply pipeline of the installation module. When the control value of the pressure in the waste water tank is exceeded, the safety valve (membrane) is activated.
Modular
According to paragraphs. 3.45, 3.47 SP 5.13130 a module is a single device that implements the functions of storing/supplying fire extinguishing agents after a start signal is given, and a modular extinguishing installation is several modules with a common system for detecting a fire source and monitoring/controlling their launch.
In addition to the basic version - with a propellant gas cylinder, modular AUP-TRV, as well as TRV fire extinguishing modules, are of the injection type; when the fire extinguishing agent in the product is immediately under pressure and ready for use, which reduces the response inertia of an individual device and the automatic fire control system as a whole.
It is convenient to protect small premises and buildings with such equipment - modules, such as modular installations/fire extinguishing systems of TRV.
Automatic
Designed for surface local extinguishing of fires of class A, B, as well as electrical equipment with voltage up to 1 thousand V.
AUP-TRV, according to both domestic and foreign experts, is effective for protecting the following objects and certain important premises in them:
- Residential buildings, apartments.
- Kindergartens, nurseries.
- Nursing homes, boarding schools.
- Educational institutions.
- Hospitals, hospitals.
- Hotels, hotels, sanatoriums, hostels.
- Industrial kitchen equipment.
- Cabins, engine rooms, corridors of ships/ships.
As can be seen from the list, these are mainly residential premises of small area and height with a low fire load. The priority of using finely sprayed water instead of sprinkler/drencher installations, and even more so powder and gas ones, is quite clear - this is to ensure the safety of people.
Although manufacturers advocate the widespread use of AUP-TRV for extinguishing shopping and office centers, underground parking lots, industrial/warehouse premises, cable tunnels, archives, museums and book depositories, even facilities in the oil and gas industry sector (!), experts consider this to be nothing more than an advertising message owners of buildings/structures, management of enterprises and organizations.
In most cases, traditional water installations do a good job of extinguishing such objects, and powder and gas fire extinguishing systems have been developed for extinguishing specific, particularly important premises; and the use of AUP-TRV there, as confirmed by calculations, is ineffective. To understand when and who needs systems, AUP-TRV modules are worth comparing the pros and cons of their acquisition and use.
Advantages and disadvantages
First of all, about the advantages:
- Modules and AUP-TRV installations are ready-made, complete equipment that can be quickly installed on site, compared to the installation of, for example, a fire sprinkler system.
- Due to the fact that the water mist sprayed by the sprinklers of the modules/installations is not dangerous for people’s breathing, it is possible to evacuate the protected premises during operation of the AUP-TRV.
- Minimal damage to room contents compared to deluge/sprinkler and powder fire extinguishing systems.
- The equipment of modular AUP-TRV requires minimal monitoring/care, similar to the maintenance of portable/mobile fire extinguishers, and scheduled maintenance is not much different from recharging fire extinguishers.
As usual, there were some drawbacks:
- In contrast to the usual deluge, sprinkler water AUPTs, the supply of extinguishing agent and displacing gas, therefore, the operating time of the expansion valve extinguishing module/installation is limited. It may not be enough to eliminate the fire; at best, it will be enough to localize it. Although there are installations with a compressor method of supplying the displacing agent, the complexity of the system will significantly affect the price of the products, and will also require expensive water treatment so that the small holes of the sprinklers are not clogged with mechanical impurities and mineral sediments.
- The high cost of a set of equipment is a problem with most domestic manufacturers, not to mention foreign companies.
- The need to install APS in protected areas, which is not necessary when choosing a sprinkler water system.
Conclusions: The choice of modules and TRV fire extinguishing installations should be made by the owner or manager of the protected facility based on design decisions or the conclusion of specialists in the field of fire safety, and not on advertising booklets from manufacturers who call such fire extinguishing systems universal.