Modeling stairs online. How to calculate the stairs to the second floor. Why our staircase calculators are better

The staircase may be original

The staircase structure in the house is a necessary part that connects the floors. Choosing a staircase design is not as simple as it seems at first glance. The house needs not just an element for lowering and lifting, but a convenient and aesthetic structure.

Selection staircase design- it’s not an easy matter. Before you decide on any model, return to the project and layout once again interior spaces. It's possible you've overlooked some important aspects: where the flight of stairs will go, how many there will be, whether the chosen model fits the design of both floors and many other questions.

Various types of staircase designs: photos

We invite you to familiarize yourself with different options design solutions for staircase structures. Before you start studying programs for calculating stairs, consider appearance designs. To do this, we present to help you photographs demonstrating successful decorative structures.

You shouldn't rely too much on fashion trends. The main attention should be paid to the style of your home itself.

Main technical parameters of stairs

Any building has its own standards. There are similar standards for stairs. If you deviate from them during construction, using the structure will be inconvenient at best, and downright dangerous at worst. The list of parameters includes the height of the riser and the width of the staircase steps, the slope, and the height of the railing.

The dimensions of the staircase steps take into account the permissible riser height limits, which are within 80 mm: the minimum value is 120 mm, the maximum value is 200 mm. The tread depth is made between 235 and 355 mm. The angle of inclination depends on several factors, but valid values− 24−50°. If the inclination exceeds 45°, the steps become too steep and uncomfortable. The proper slope is determined by the height of the rise in a certain ratio to the width of the tread.

Choosing arbitrary values ​​can break technical qualities designs. In addition to the above parameters, take into account the dimensions stairwell, the length of the march, the number of ascents (preferably no more than 18), the total distance from the floor of the first floor to the second.

On average, the step length of an adult is 63 cm, and when climbing, this number becomes equal to 30-32 cm and increases or decreases depending on the inclination of the march. As for fencing and railings, the standard indicates 90-120 cm. The critical height of the stairs is also important parameter, therefore, in the house plan it is worth considering the height of the ceiling of the second floor to prevent head injuries. Finally, we would like to add that the safest staircase will be one that can withstand a weight of up to 250 kg, and a handrail that can withstand a weight of over 100 kg.

Main types of staircase structures

You can rejoice in the variety of staircase designs. Their main types are taken into account in programs for calculating stairs. The convenience of marching stairs lies in their practicality, spiral staircases - in their sophistication and grace, as well as economy usable area. Advantage combined designs consists of successful combination elements of all other structures and maximum level interior solution.

Marching staircase Spiral design Combination of elements of all structures

Staircase structures take into account load-bearing elements, namely stringers, of which there can be one or two, bowstrings, bolets, a combination of elements. Calculating the stairs to the second floor with your own hands can be a difficult design task complex structures. It is important to remember that any calculations must be based on building regulations for your convenience and safety.

The main materials from which stairs are made, and the nuances of their calculation

The use of any material must be selected taking into account building codes. The staircase structure has a weight that should be included in the design. Each structure is individual, this is emphasized not only by the features during construction, but also by the choice of material for its construction. So, what materials for making stairs are especially popular:

1. Tree comes first. Wood is a traditional raw material for any construction. Aesthetic qualities of wood and its specifications at the highest level.
   
   
2. Stone almost as popular as wood. Stone structures last for decades without changing their original appearance and without the need for painting.
   
   
3. Glass stairs are in demand in modern designs home interior. Glass is easy to perceive, although its technical characteristics include strength and considerable weight.
   
   
4. Iron structures They can be simple and massive, or they can become a real work of art thanks to forged elements.
   
   
5. Reinforced concrete stairs add grandeur to the design.
   
   

Many designers do not follow the rules and boldly combine various materials, combining everything in incredible proportions. Of course, the cost of such a staircase increases not only due to the work of the designer, but also due to the difficulties associated with the construction process. And, of course, we should not forget about combined options when part is made of metal and part is made of glass or wood. Some designers even embark on bold experiments, combining wood, metal and stone. As a rule, such structures are installed in rich houses.

Calculation of wooden stairs

Tradition and classics - that's what can be said about wooden stairs. These are trendy designs that fit into many design styles. Wood needs to be treated, as this material is susceptible to rotting, termite attacks and is not at all fire-resistant. A wooden staircase will organically fit into a house made from any combination of wood. This will be the optimal and environmentally friendly option. Combination welcome different breeds wood, special texture, aging and varnish treatment.

The most popular staircases in house construction are structures made of pine, beech, oak and ash. The program for calculating wooden stairs differs from others precisely in the qualities and properties of the material.

Calculation of metal stairs

This material, cold to the touch, was not previously on the list of popular ones and was used in office staircases. But it is almost impossible to resist the variety of figured designs with exquisite patterns and bronze elements.

Metal stairs to the second floor can also be calculated online using special calculators.

Determining the required geometric dimensions of the stairs

So, before opening the calculator for calculating the stairs to the second floor online, carefully calculate all future parameters. Without the dimensions of the height and width of the steps, the fence, the distance between floors and the angle of inclination, the program will not produce any results.

An example of calculating the length of a staircase, the height and width of steps

We remind you that all staircase parameters comply with SNIP and GOST standards!

We point out only the most basic points that play a role in the safety of people operating the staircase structure. This list includes total number steps, which can be from 3 to 18, not taking into account parity. The height of the steps should not be lower than 12 cm, and in no case exceed 20 cm with a total width of 23-25 ​​cm.

Approximate drawing of a straight staircase

Let's try to simulate a flight of stairs on stringers. Given: landing, length - 6000 mm, width - 3000 mm, height between floor levels - 3300 mm, distance between flights - 100 mm. We make a calculation in which we take into account that with a distance between floors of 3300 mm we make two flights.

So, (landing width 3000 mm – space between flights 100 mm) / 2 = 1450 mm. To determine the height of one flight, we divide the interfloor height in half and get 1650 mm. We define the size of the steps as 150 mm in height multiplied by 300 mm.

The number of risers in a flight is calculated by dividing the height of one flight by the height of the riser and obtains: 1 650 / 150 = 11 (pieces). The upper flight will have one step less, 11 - 1 = 10 (pieces), which means there will be 11 risers in the march, and one less tread. The length of the march is calculated by multiplying the width of the tread by the number of steps, multiplying 300 mm by 10 pieces and getting 3000 mm.

The standard width of a staircase opening is 90 - 110 cm, although in rare cases it is permissible to reduce this mark to 80 cm. All dimensions on the plan and drawing must be transferred to the walls and all components of the structure must be marked. To do this, use a plumb line and a pointed cord.

Determining the required angle of inclination of the stairs

Many recommend an angle of inclination from 29° to 37°, since a larger angle, although it saves space, but only at the expense of reduced comfort. In the calculations do not forget about the location of the door and window openings, columns, arches.

Calculation of stairs of various types

If after all of the above independent calculation If all the nuances of a staircase design seem complicated, then you can not risk either the safety or the quality of the future structure, but trust a special online staircase design program. When calculating stairs of any type, you will need to enter a lot of your measurements. The program offers calculations for all types of stairs, no matter whether you want a spiral structure on stringers or a staircase with winder steps.

All data is automatically processed and produces a drawing with all the exact parameters as a result. The output data includes information about the materials spent on the construction of the structure. Programs that offer 3D visualization are especially interesting, since you can not only get a drawing and the required amount of material, but also work on the design.

With winder steps rotated 90°

Unique modern layout or small sizes houses often add difficulties when choosing standard staircase structures; a straight staircase will not fit everywhere, as will the platforms of rotary structures. The solution was found in the process of architectural searches for a new good option. As a result of necessity, staircases with winder steps arose. Such designs solve the problem of moving between the first and second floors for any layout and spatial volume of premises.

Please note that due to this design, there is a significant saving of usable space with an elegant appearance.

Such structures are not hazardous, since all staircase parameters must be observed during construction. Regular material in the manufacture of such L-shaped ladders - wood or metal, mainly aluminum. Exactly this practical solution for the construction of a compact interfloor connection. Here are more options for such staircase structures.

With winder steps rotated 180°

The design of such a ladder is called U-shaped because of its external resemblance to this letter when viewed from above. Two straight flights of stairs are connected by a small, easy-to-pass platform. A turn is made on it, and the movement begins in the opposite direction.

This option is also in demand and popular among architects and designers. This is a very convenient transition between floors, which can accommodate very small space. The designers tried and worked carefully in this direction, making such designs very stylish in the interior. When calculating such a structure, you need to pay attention to the height between floors, since incorrectly calculated parameters will make moving up and down extremely inconvenient due to your head touching the ceiling.

Straight staircase

This is the most traditional type of stairs, where all parameters are closely interrelated. The angle of inclination plays a big role. The width of the steps and their height depend on it, which decrease or increase depending on the change in the angle of inclination.

But in any numerical scenario, the length of the entire staircase will be quite large - 3-6.5 m. This value depends on the combination of all parameters, including the important thickness interfloor covering. The calculation also includes taking into account the length of the platforms in front of the entrance and exit to the direct march. Thus, the length of the staircase increases even more, and usable space gets lost. The minimum length of the landing in front of and after the stairs is 80 cm and must be identical to the width of the stairs.

Double-flight staircase on stringers with a 180° rotation. Online calculator

If there is a large distance between floors, a two-flight staircase structure is installed. Another platform will not only change the direction of the ascending or descending one, but can also be endowed with other functions, because it is a support for the entire structure. The variety of double-flight staircases is taken into account in the calculations.

The owner should decide whether the design will be open or closed type. At open type the gaps between the risers will be visible, and when closed it will be safer to climb, because such stairs have solid risers. The platforms can be single-level or two-level, where there is an additional step. The design itself can be directed clockwise or counterclockwise or simply straight. Our calculator will help you calculate this design.

Three-flight staircase on stringers with a 180° rotation

This design is similar to the letter "z". Three marches are obtained due to two intermediate platforms, and the middle march is noticeably shorter than the others. The size of the platforms should not exceed the width of the steps. Such landings convenient for many people, especially for those who find it difficult to immediately run up the stairs.

To do correct calculation, the height of one flight is taken into account. To do this, divide the interfloor distance by 3 and calculate all risers and treads in one flight with a step size of 300×150 mm. The height of the march and steps are taken into account, as well as the smaller number of treads per one, due to the location of the last tread on the second floor landing. Typically, this design is used in houses where the interfloor distance is more than 3 m.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

Beautiful and practical design saves space and is an excellent decorative element. This staircase can be chosen to suit any style. The design is complex in its shape. Its numerous wedge-shaped winder steps must be located at a certain radius.

There are four types of such stairs with their own characteristics: with or without support on the walls of the house, with support pillar or without it. The calculation includes the rotation angle (270°−360°), ceiling height (2 meters or more), the width of the end of the step (from 40 cm) and the width of the narrow end (from 10 cm).

Straight ladder on bowstrings

The classic type of construction is especially popular in office buildings. The difference from staircases on stringers is the insertion of steps into grooves called bowstrings. Such structures can be open or closed, the difference lies in the use or absence of risers. These can be single-flight or double-flight staircases with any shape of landings.

Programs for calculating stairs online. Calculator with drawings

Even if you have design programs, you may still experience difficulties in calculations and drawings. Therefore, our editors offer a calculator where you need to enter the specified values ​​​​and get the result. Drawing drawings will help adjust the wishes of the owner of the house. If you have already chosen the design option and material, then the most important thing remains - to correctly measure all the parameters of the future staircase. All data after entering into the table windows will be processed and you will see the result.

Where to order turnkey production and installation of staircases - prices, catalogs

Numerous companies specializing in the construction of stairs offer their services not only for the construction stage itself, but also for various design solutions. You can find many interesting offers from designers and manufacturers.

The price of an L-shaped staircase with a 90° turn made of different types of wood with a minimum opening of the second floor (920×2700 mm), an inclination angle of 42° and 15 steps costs from 35,000 to 150,000 rubles. Prices for spiral staircases start at 55,000 rubles, although some manufacturers offer to purchase a ready-made metal spiral staircase for 40,000 rubles. The cost of a U-shaped staircase also depends on the material and starts from 90,000 rubles. The price of the selected staircase will depend on all parameters, material and installation.

If you have any questions, please write them in the comments.

Stairs are an important and responsible attribute in every home. They must provide comfort, reliability and safety for every resident. It is desirable that the staircase structure takes up little space in its area. And in order for it to meet all standards, it must be designed correctly.

How to calculate a staircase: the basics

The most common material for making staircases is wood. It is considered the “warmest” and most pliable material, which should be worked with very carefully. The most common types of wood are beech, oak, ash, birch, larch and pine.

To make calculations for any type of stairs, you must first determine three sizes. First, you need to determine the level of the finished floor and then measure the height of the structure along the wall from it. Secondly, its length should be measured, starting from the wall and ending with the expected completion of the span. And thirdly, you need to find the length flight of stairs, resorting to the Pythagorean theorem. In this case, the lengths of the legs are the found dimensions of the height and length of the staircase; in this case, you need to find the hypotenuse of the resulting right triangle, i.e. march length.

To make it comfortable to walk on the stairs, the depth of the steps should be about 30 cm, and the height should be about 16 cm.

Knowing the dimensions of the steps, you need to divide the length of the flight of stairs by these dimensions, and you will get their number.

For convenience, you need a width of at least 80-90 cm. If it is intended for household purposes, i.e. leads to the basement, then it is better to make it about 120 cm. If the structure is directed towards attic room, then it can be made narrower, about 70-80 cm.

Should be 40-45°. The most comfortable is the staircase design, which is inclined at an angle of 45 °. But due to the fact that it takes up a lot of space, it is rarely used in construction. You can also choose sharp corner an inclination of 30-36 °, especially since such a design will take up no more than two meters on the floor. It will be convenient to climb up this installation, but you can only go down backwards due to the steepness of the inclined descent.

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Calculation of stairs

Required:

• selected low-knot wood for bowstring.

Let's take a closer look at how to make the calculation correctly. Any staircase structure consists of flights and landings. It is important that the width of the platforms is not less than the width of the march. Marches consist of steps and load-bearing beams, which are called bowstrings or stringers. They are made from thick and wide boards, the cross-section of which is 80-100x200-250 mm, or are made from two narrower boards.

The steps consist of treads and risers, the width of which must be correctly calculated. The steepness of the stairs, as well as the ease of walking along them, is determined by the ratio of their sizes. It is necessary that the person’s foot fully stands on the tread, i.e. this is on average about 30 cm, and the average step length was 60-70 cm, which means that the height of the riser is 14-16 cm. In this case, the following formula for calculation applies: the sum of two risers plus the width of the tread is equal to the length of the average step of a person. Considering the thickness of the tread is 3 cm, it turns out that one step takes up 30 cm horizontally and 15-18 cm vertically.

The obtained figures are necessary to calculate the stairs for the house correctly. Let's give an example: if the height between the first and second floors is 3 meters, and one step measures 30 cm by 15-18 cm, then you get 17-20 risers. In this case, the last step is the floor on the second floor. Next, you need to divide the lifting height of the staircase structure by an integer in this range. It is better if it is even, and you get the exact height of the step, consisting of the thickness of the tread and the width of the riser. Let's say you need to make 18 steps, then the height of the step will be 300:18 = 16.7 cm. Such a structure should be divided into two flights of stairs and be sure to make it with a turn.

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How to make a turn correctly

The staircase structure can be turned in three ways. One of them is for a spiral staircase, which is one big turn. It is very compact and takes up little space, but has a fairly large steepness. Since in one 360° revolution the staircase must rise at least two meters, the flight must have from 13 to 15 steps. Due to the design, the width of the tread should be small, so the steps of the spiral staircase are narrow and high. It is best installed either in the attic or in a utility room.

Marching stairs need to be rotated 90° or 180° using platforms, or you can use special steps in the form of a trapezoid. A horizontal landing is arranged if the space allows. This staircase consists of straight elements and has a classic look. You can make a window on the site itself, which will add elegance and additional lighting during the day. If this is not possible, then the rotation of the staircase structure must be done directly by steps. In this case, in a certain place, maybe not in the middle, you should start installing treads in the form of a trapezoid, which set the rotation of the staircase by 15 ° or 30 ° for each step. As a result, they rotate it to the desired angle.

The creation of a staircase is preceded by the project development stage. At the design stage, the engineer:

Of course, it is better to trust any work to professionals. But if you want to save 30-40% of the cost of the stairs, then the described work can be done yourself using special software.

Online 3D calculation designer

Anyone can design a 3D model of the staircase of their dreams. There are online services for this on the Internet.

They work quite simply. The user must set the following parameters:

• type of stairs;
• march length;
• width and height of the step;
• construction material.

Additionally, you can select a tint color from the list provided and decorative design designs.

Similar programs can be found on the websites of staircase manufacturers. In this case, you can not only look at the staircase you created yourself, but also find out how much it will cost to manufacture it from a specific manufacturer.

DIY design - calculator program

Well, if you need to design a staircase from scratch, you will need a calculator program. Today there are programs that specialize in designing stairs. These include StairCon, Stair Designer, Compass/ND, Consultec Stairon.

With their help you can:

Typically, in order to get finished project, the following initial data is sufficient for the program:

• type of stairs;
• width and length of the opening;
• opening height;
• overlap thickness.

Construction calculator Zhitov

The described programs, of course, will facilitate the design task and allow you to save a considerable amount, but they themselves are not cheap.

Alternatively, you can use construction calculator Zhitov, who will help you calculate a wooden, metal or reinforced concrete staircase online.

The design of a single-flight staircase begins with the program requesting the following data:

• desired step sizes;
• dimensions of the protrusion on the steps;
• opening dimensions;
• minimum stringer width;
• the position of the initial step in relation to the floor level of the 2nd floor;
• direction of rise.

Based on this data, the program draws a drawing indicating the main dimensions of the structure and the angles of the steps in relation to the string, with markings of the main dimensions of the steps.

It should be noted that design in the program is carried out taking into account ergonomic requirements. According to which, the slope of the stairs should be 30-40, the height of the step should be no more than 25 cm, and the depth of the step should be 28-31 cm.

Well, if you want to creatively approach the process of creating a staircase for own home, then you can, armed with a calculator, pencil and paper, perform the calculation and drawing yourself.

How to calculate the stairs correctly

Screw metal

The design of a spiral staircase begins with measurements of the height of the room (H) and the size of the opening (D 1). The height of the room is measured from the finished floor level ground floor to the floor level of the upper floor. The size of the opening determines what diameter (D 2) the staircase can be installed.

The diameter of the stairs is taken to be slightly smaller than the opening. To make climbing the stairs comfortable and safe, the diameter is 1500-2000 mm.

Having determined the diameter, find the length of the step (D 3): D 3 = D 1 /2-d, where

d is the internal diameter. It is taken taking into account the diameter support post. Typically this value is 100-200 mm.

For further calculations, it is necessary to determine the angle of rotation of the stairs. If the entrance and exit from the stairs are on the same line, then the rotation of the stairs is 360 0.

At the next stage, the length of the march is determined using the formula: L = 2πR, R = D 2 /2. Since you need to determine the length of the march along the ascent line, and it retreats from the edge of the room by 2/3, the formula takes the form: L = 2*2/3πR.

Knowing the length of the march and choosing the tread depth (h 1), you can calculate the number of steps (n): n= L/ h 1. In this case, the optimal tread depth is 25-27 cm. If the calculation results in odd number, then it is rounded. As a rule, the level of the upper step coincides with the floor of the upper floor, so it is not taken into account in the calculation.

If we divide the height of the room by the number of steps, we will find out its height. The normal height of the steps is 17-18 cm. If the height is greater, then it is necessary to increase the number of steps.

To make sure that the staircase fully complies with ergonomic standards, it is necessary to calculate the depth of the tread along the line of movement and along the outer edge. To do this, you need to divide the length of the march by the number of steps. The resulting tread depth along the movement line should be 20-25 cm, and along the outer edge - 30-35 cm. The tread depth inside the march can be calculated or taken as 100-200 mm.

Based on these calculations, a drawing of a spiral staircase is constructed and calculated required amount materials.

How to correctly calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor

With a rotation of 90 0

Before starting the calculation, measure the height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor and the dimensions of the opening in which the staircase will be installed.

And the width of the step (b) should be within 27-30 cm. You can check how comfortable the staircase is after calculations by multiplying the height of the steps by two and adding the width. The resulting value should be in the range of 600-650 mm. Using the same formula, you can calculate the width of the step using the formula: b=650-a*2

To avoid hitting the ceiling with your head while climbing the stairs, it is necessary to maintain the clearance height within the range of 1900-2000 mm. You can understand whether the designed structure meets this requirement by performing the following calculations:

1. Subtract 70 cm from the length of the opening and divide by the width of the steps. The resulting number is the number of steps located above the opening.
2. Multiply the value from the first point by the height of the step.
3. Subtract the value obtained in the second paragraph from the floor height. This number will be equal to the height of the clearance.

If the number is less than normal, you can do the following:

• increase the opening;
• reduce the number of steps, thereby increasing their height.

If it is impossible to increase the opening, and reducing the steps will lead to the fact that the slope of the stairs and the height of the steps will not correspond to the norm, it is better to design the stairs with a turn of 90 0.

This design consists of two flights located in relation to each other at an angle of 90 0. This allows you to fit the staircase even into a room with small area and with a small opening.

The marches can be connected to each other by a platform or winder steps. The first option is much more convenient, and the calculation in this case is not much different from what has already been described. the main task– determine at what height from the floor level it is necessary to arrange an intermediate platform.

First, they calculate how many steps are needed for the upper flight, located between the platform and the second floor. To do this, the required clearance height (2000 mm) is divided by the accepted step height (15-18 cm). The resulting number is rounded to whole numbers and reduced by one (since the upper frieze step coincides with the floor level).

To find out at what height the platform will be, the height of the steps is multiplied by their number and this number is subtracted from the height of the floor.

The number of steps for the lower flight is calculated in the same way. In this case, the landing is considered a step in the calculation. The width and length of the platform are taken equal to the width of the stairs.

With a 180 0 turn and a platform - drawings

It is customary to install a two-flight staircase with a turn of 180° when the floor height is more than 3 m.

For convenience, the calculation is performed simultaneously with the construction of the drawing on graph paper. First, the staircase is drawn.

Knowing the width staircase, calculate the width of the march. To do this, subtract the gap value (100 mm) from the width of the staircase and divide the value by two.

Well, to find out what height is allocated to each flight, the height of the floor is divided by two.

Further calculation involves calculating the number of steps. To do this, again, it is enough to divide the height of the march by the height of the step.

Well, to determine what the length of the march will be and build it horizontal projection on the plan, you need to multiply the number of steps by the width.

The resulting dimensions are transferred to the plan. And then they draw a section of the staircase.

Having the drawings in hand, it will not be difficult to break down the structure in the house.

Online designer of 3D calculations, designing stairs with your own hands - calculator program, Zhitov, how to correctly calculate a screw, metal, wooden staircase to the second floor with a turn of 90, 180 and a landing - formulas, drawings

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During construction any stationary stairs It is necessary to adhere to certain standards to ensure that the design is safe, comfortable and durable. To do this, you need to calculate the staircase, and it does not matter whether it is made of wood, concrete or metal. The correctness of calculations depends on many factors, and in this article we will tell you how to correctly calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor of a house.

Before starting construction and calculations, it is necessary to study the structure of the staircase. Any design consists of a number of elements, some of which are mandatory (permanent), while others can be added depending on the design idea.

Any staircase consists of the following elements:

• support beams (string or stringer);
• support pillar (for a spiral staircase);
• steps (treads and risers);
• railings (balusters and handrails).

The string runs along the edges of the steps on both sides or on one side (if the staircase is adjacent to the wall on one side) and covers the ends. The steps are inserted between the support beams, and the treads and risers are “recessed” into the structure. If the staircase is based on a stringer, then the steps are laid on top of it. And if the design can have a maximum of 2 strings, then the number of stringers varies depending on design features and march width (1,3 or 4).

A tread is a horizontal surface that you step on with your foot, and a riser closes the gaps between the steps. Sometimes stairs are made without risers to give them lightness and airiness and not overload the interior. Railings are needed for support when ascending and descending. Their height is fixed, but can still vary slightly depending on the height of the residents of the house. Balusters are located between the steps and handrails, and the distance between them should not be less than 7.5 cm - according to fire regulations, this minimum distance, necessary for passing the fire hose. Usually 15-20 cm are left between the balusters, but if small children live in the house, then for safety reasons it is recommended to install them every 10 cm.

Types of stairs

The choice of staircase depends on the preferences of the residents, the size of the room, the style of the interior and the purpose. So, it is better not to make a spiral staircase in a children's room, but to give preference to elementary forms.

The calculation of a wooden staircase is made depending on the appearance and shape of the structure:

• spiral (including stairs with winder steps);
• marching - the most common type (stairs may include intermediate and turning platforms).

Spiral staircases are generally used quite rarely, since their main purpose is more decoration than functionality, but they can solve the problem of ascending to the second floor in conditions of limited space. You won't be able to climb them quickly, but they save space and decorate the interior. If you want to build a spiral staircase, keep in mind that it will not be possible to lift a bulky sofa or wardrobe. In this case, the calculation of the rotation of the stairs with screw design It's quite difficult to do, especially if you've never done it before.

For beginners in the staircase business, it is better to give preference to marching structures. They are called marching because they consist of marches or flights of stairs. These are steps separated by platforms. The calculation of a staircase with a landing takes into account the additional space. The staircase can have from one to 3 or more landings, but 2 are usually enough to climb to the second floor. Marching stairs are much simpler in construction and calculations, but at the same time they can have a wide variety of designs.

Unlike screw ones, marching structures take up quite a lot of space, so some owners, to save space, build three flights, calculating the staircase with a 90° turn or two flights with a 180° turn.

The march, in turn, can be curved with an angular approach to the stairs and turning steps. In two- and three-flight structures, turning steps can be installed instead of spans.

Before choosing the type of staircase structure, you need to measure free space, make calculations and make a drawing in accordance with them.

Calculation of stairs

Calculating a wooden staircase with your own hands consists of several stages, after which all the data is brought together and displayed on the drawing. Let's take a closer look at each of the stages.

Steps and risers

How many steps will there be in your future staircase? Their number depends not on the customer’s preferences, but on the design features of the staircase - its length, width, riser height, etc.

It is necessary to begin calculating the steps of the stairs by determining the height of the structure. To do this, measure the distance from the floor surface of the lower floor to the floor surface above. If you have not yet laid a finished coating, then you will have to measure “by eye”, taking into account the approximate thickness of the future floor.

Let's say the distance between the floor and the ceiling is 2.5 m, the thickness of the interfloor ceiling, including the floor top floor– 35 cm. To calculate the height of the stairs, we sum up the data and get 285 cm.

Further calculations should be made based on the height of the risers (vertical elements of the staircase). In most cases, they are made with a height of 15.2 to 19.7 cm. In this range, a person will be comfortable moving up and down; if you make it smaller, the step will constantly get lost; if you make it larger, the person will get very tired. For ease of calculation, we suggest choosing an average value of 17 cm.

To find the number of steps, divide the height of the stairs by the height of the risers: 285/17 = 16.76, round to 17.

Then there are two options - either make a small bottom winder step, or recalculate for a more accurate, but not entirely even, result. If you want to go the second route, divide the height of the stairs by the resulting number of steps: 285/17=16.76. Thus, you can make 17 steps with risers 16.7 cm high.

Tread for stairs

According to research and many years of practice, the smallest tread that will be comfortable for movement should be 22 cm wide. If you make it narrower, then it will be very difficult to go down such a staircase, and a person will most likely constantly slide down. The maximum width can reach 37-40 cm; if made wider, the step will be lost, the person will get tired, and the structure itself will take up a lot of space.

To make an accurate calculation, you should adhere to the following dependencies:

2a + b = 64 cm; a + b = 47 cm;

Here a is the width of the riser, and b is the tread.

We know the height of the riser - 16.7 cm. We calculate using the first formula: 64-16.7 = 47.3; since in condition 2a, then 47.3/2 = 23.65. This is too small and inconvenient width, so we will use the second formula: 47-16.7 = 30.3 (rounded to 30). A width of 30 cm is quite suitable.

March width

By by and large, the width of the march can be any, but the number of marches in the structure depends on the number free space, which you have. The smallest width of a march that is convenient for an adult is 80 cm; if you make it narrower, then when carrying large furniture or when moving fat people difficulties may arise. The most optimal width– 100-140 cm.

It is desirable that the staircase structure looks harmonious and beautiful, so we recommend using one proven trick - making the width of the flight a multiple of the width of the tread. For our stairs it can be 90, 120 and 160 cm.

Stair length

Do not confuse the length of the stairs with the previously determined height. To calculate the length, you need to use two values ​​already known to us - the number of steps and the width of the tread. Multiply these two values ​​and get the length of the structure, while the last step does not need to be taken into account, since it will be one piece with the floor of the second floor.

4.8 m is quite a long length for a regular interfloor staircase, and it will take up a lot of free space. If the area does not allow you to “walk around”, then you will have to change the design of a single-flight straight staircase, making it two-flight with a turn of 180° or three-flight with turns of 90°.

To carry out calculations similar designs best use today computer programs or online calculators. They are suitable for both beginners and professional builders. Most popular free programs are.

Distance above steps

Since the beginning of a flight of stairs is almost always located under the ceiling, the free distance above the head of a person walking up the stairs decreases with each step. If you incorrectly calculate the stairs to the second floor, then the person will constantly hit his head on the ceiling, or he will have to bend over.

To calculate the optimal clearance above the steps, calculate the distance from the very last step to the ceiling - it should be at least 195 cm. If the residents of the house are tall, then this distance is recommended to be increased to 220 cm.

Stringer for stairs

As a rule, stringers are made from strong boards with a thickness of 5 to 7 cm and a width of 25-30 cm. Agree, it is very difficult to find a product of such dimensions from a single piece of wood, so they use laminated boards.

The calculation of stringers depends on the size of the steps and the slope of the beam. The slope should be as comfortable and smooth as possible, but at the same time save space and correspond to the length of the stairs.

From the image above you can see that the stringer can be inclined from 20 to 75 degrees, but this does not mean at all that any selected degree of slope from this range will be comfortable for a person. So, a slope of 40° and above will be too steep for small children and the elderly, to say nothing of 75°. Such steep sections of 40-45° can be used, but only on short sections of the stairs. Optimal slope, which will be convenient for all residents, is from 35° to 40°.

To calculate the size of the stringer, use the Pythagorean theorem, where A is the height, B is the length of the march and C is the desired value. Perform calculations using the formula A2+I2=C2. Plug in the numbers for your ladder and determine the length of the stringer.

Calculating the step of the stairs is one of the decisive parameters. The step of an adult with a height of 165 to 180 cm is about 60-65 cm. For calculations, let’s denote the tread width as D and the step height as H. For the staircase to be comfortable, 2 step heights and one tread width should approximately correspond to one person’s step, then there is 2H+D=from 60 to 65 cm.

We hope this article helped you understand how to calculate the stairs yourself. If we're talking about about a single-flight straight design, then even a beginner can cope with this task, but for designing more complex structures it is better to turn to specialists. The same recommendation applies to cases of using expensive types of wood for the construction of stairs.

Finally, according to tradition, a training video on how to build a strong wooden stairs:

The stairs in the house are not easy decorative design. It serves for convenient and safe ascent to the second floor, attic or upper tier premises. Here we will try to answer the questions how to calculate stairs. It is with this procedure that its production begins.

Type of stairs: features of choice

The choice of staircase type depends entirely on the design features of the building - ceiling height, room size, etc. Taking into account all the circumstances, choose a spiral, one-, two- or three-flight staircase. Examples of such designs can be seen in the following photos.

We will not consider the question of how to calculate a spiral staircase, since this type of construction is too complex for an inexperienced craftsman.

The vast majority of homeowners choose marching stairs, which are much more practical and easier to manufacture than their screw “brothers”. Easiest calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor, if she has one march. However, such a solution is not always possible (for example, due to lack of space), so in such cases they usually use rotating two- or three-flight structures that can fit into a limited space.

Rotations of flights by 90 or 180 degrees provide landings. In every specific case answers to the question, how to calculate stairs, will be different, but the calculation method is common to all marching structures. They may differ in the set and types of structural elements, so for someone who decides to independently make a staircase in the house, its drawings and calculations are the primary and most important task.

Basic parameters of the staircase that provide comfort for the user

First on the list of answers to the question, how to calculate stairs, will be a reminder of the existence of basic parameters that ensure comfortable and safe use of it

Among them:

• ​ angle of inclination, or slope;
• width or pitch of steps;
• width of marches;
• height of risers;
• dimensions of the opening for the stairs.

These parameters have numerical values. The optimal ranges of their values ​​are determined taking into account the anthropometric data of a person. They are not obligatory for a private developer, but without them you will not succeed. It's better to add another step than to constantly trip on a high riser.

Staircase details and calculation of their parameters

Stairs in the house are high-risk areas, so their construction should be treated with the utmost responsibility. Let's start with an illustration of what parts may be included in the staircase structure:

This drawing will illustrate, how to calculate stairs and not miss important technical parameters. For its production, only high-grade coniferous and hardwood– pine, oak, larch and others.

Calculations of structural elements are mandatory stage drawing up working drawings or sketches, according to which all the parts are subsequently manufactured and assembled into a single whole. " Short course» rules for how to calculate stairs, you can view and listen to this video:

The main parameters of the stairs are the following numerical expression:

• the optimal slope of the stairs, or ascent angle, is 35–40°;
• the distance from the edge of the opening to the step below it should be at least 2 m, unless taller people live in the house;
• width of steps – 25–30 cm;
• riser height – 15–20 cm;
• march width – 100–140 cm;
• the distance between the balusters is 10–20 cm.

In order to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor, we suggest that you adhere to the following recommendations. Firstly, the figures given are not absolute dogma and allow for slight deviations. Secondly, the dimensions you calculated should be checked for compliance with the proportions. Otherwise, the appearance of the stairs will suffer.

To check the width and proportionality of steps, two types of dependence are used: 2a + b = 64 cm and a + b = 47 cm, where a is the height and b is the width of the step. The step of the stairs is checked by the first formula, but the digital value of the equality must fall in the range of 60–65 cm. This corresponds to the average length of a typical adult step.

Next drawing

contains basic information about how to calculate stairs and what measurements you need to take. First you need to measure the vertical distance between the floor surfaces of the first and second floors. Then, using the optimal range of slope values, determine where to attach the lower ends of the support beams. The length of the stairs is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

If a single-flight design takes up too much space, choose the option with two flights and a 180° turn. Thus, the staircase will take almost twice as long less space, but will cause you more trouble. At the same time, the total length of the structure remains unchanged. The number of steps is determined by dividing the total height of the staircase by the height of the risers in the recommended range. The resulting result is rounded to a whole number.

Support beams can be made in the form of a bowstring or stringer. On multi-flight stairs you can use combinations of them. For staircases on bowstrings, the steps are placed between the support beams in grooves, on corners or support bars. On stringers they are attached on top of the beam. If you are sure that you could calculate the stairs correctly, then it’s time to move on to manufacturing its parts and subsequent installation.

Manufacturing of staircase parts

The initial procedure of this stage will be the drawing up of a design drawing with reference to the location of its installation, which will allow for complete detailing of the project. Your knowledge about how to calculate stairs, should be implemented in the manufacture of its parts, and this will require actions such as:

• purchase of lumber. The use of wood with defects is unacceptable;
• preparing tools such as saws, chisels, chisels, planes, jointers, etc. (although it will be difficult without a combined woodworking machine);
• purchasing self-tapping screws, wood glue, corners and other fastening materials.

The best choice for stairs is hardwood: oak, larch, beech, ash. The production of parts requires perfect sizing and careful finishing. For example, steps are made for a specific method of fastening them.

In this case, the choice of support beams in favor of a bowstring or stringer is decisive.

When the entire set of parts is ready, a rough (test) assembly of the staircase is carried out.

This procedure is almost always performed even by professionals, and for those who are concerned with questions for the first time, how to calculate stairs and install it, this stage is required. Rough assembly is guaranteed to identify all errors, the elimination of which during final installation is extremely difficult, and often impossible.

The procedure for assembling a wooden staircase

We have already seen that the question how to calculate the stairs correctly, is very multifaceted and involves a large number of recommendations for every aspect of this process. If everything is done according to the rules, then assembling the stairs on site should not give you any problems. The type of support beams also affects the order of assembly. Installation of stairs on stringers begins with their installation. A short overview of this process is presented in this video

Flights of stairs on strings are assembled on the floor and then installed in finished form in place. This is due to the peculiarities of fastening steps and risers, which are clearly visible in the following video

.

This operation cannot be performed on pre-installed support beams. A common disadvantage of such video tutorials is the long duration of the videos. In this regard, manuals on the topic, how to calculate stairs, are clearly winning.

After assembling and installing the marching structures and platforms, they proceed to installing balusters and railings that form the staircase fencing, which ensures the safety of users. All connections of parts are made with the simultaneous use of hardware and glue. This ensures the durability of the connections and protects the wood from premature wear. If possible, it is recommended to use wooden dowels as much as possible instead of self-tapping screws.

At this point we will put an ellipsis in the answers to the question of how calculate a wooden staircase, manufacture and install it. The topic is too voluminous to cover all the nuances in one article. Fortunately, nowadays there is the Internet, where you can find answers to any questions, including highly specialized ones. And if you manage to build a wooden staircase at home with your own hands, share your experience with others.