Metal frames for windows and doors. What is a swarm, casing or socket in a wooden house? Builders' mistakes: real and possible

What is a swarm, casing or okosyachka in wooden house? What are they for and what is better to choose for your home? Let's look at the topic in our construction blog. Let's divide the topic into easy-to-read and understandable points:

What is a swarm, casing or socket and where are they used?

Royka- a block installed in a pre-prepared groove in a window, door or arched doorway Your his wooden house. The swarm should secure the opening from possible negative consequences shrinkage.

Pit or casing- a product made of solid or laminated veneer lumber, differs from a slab in its shape and rigidity; if a slab is an ordinary block, then a socket is a T-shaped or U-shaped casing made of solid timber. A T-shaped jamb is installed in a groove, a U-shaped one is installed on a groove, we usually use T-shaped jambs. Periodically, the frame is made from a block and a board, fastening the product with a nail joint or self-tapping screws, but we do not recommend this option. In window and door openings, frames or casings are usually installed on 3 sides (on the sides and top); installation in arched openings without top jumper.

What are swarms, pods or casings needed for?

A frame, casing or frame is designed for rigid fixation of a window, door or arched opening in a wooden house. Installing windows or doors in an opening without a frame or casing is possible only at your own peril and risk and entirely under your responsibility - the opening can lead in two planes and you will spend more time and money on correcting errors than on installing a frame or casing in advance.

Where to stop? What is better to install in a wooden opening?

In our construction segment, almost all companies, without exception, make digging using 50x50 mm bars. or 40x40 mm.. We also offer customers a choice of regular jambs made of timber or a massive jamb made of timber 100x150 mm. or 150x150 mm.. But the block is not always able to withstand internal tension in wood, resist shrinkage and compensate for possible warping of a door or window opening. We recommend, first of all, using massive frames and casings made of T-shaped or U-shaped timber. The casing must be made precisely according to the size of the groove; jute or a modern analogue must be installed between the casing and the opening. Also, do not forget to leave a gap between the casing and the opening on top; the opening, even in a house with chamber-drying material, can shrink by 7-10 cm, depending on the number of crowns and their humidity. Another plus on the casing topic- you can easily insert a window or door into the casing and foam the gaps around it, and in the case of a swarm you will have to fence the garden with a stacked casing, which will not add rigidity and you will have an additional cold fistula between the block and the post, despite the jute between them , with a cast casing you close the opening from any blowing from the street!

Is it possible not to install swarms or casing in the openings?

Swarms and casings can only be omitted in two cases:

• First under your responsibility with your full understanding of the consequences.
• Second - you chose frame house for construction on your estate, no shrinkage, no fees for swarming and other joys are guaranteed to you. If you are still thinking about whether it is better to choose a frame house or a cottage made of timber, read interesting thoughts on this subject:.

The photos in this article are taken from, if you are planning to build a house from profiled timber, look at the detailed report, we have prepared for you 35 detailed photographs telling about the construction from start to finish.

A house made of timber, according to the customer, should by default be incredibly warm and cozy. Knowledgeable person he understands that he still needs to try for this. They know this firsthand experienced builders, professionals in their field. What should be done to make a house made of timber really warm? Let's talk about this and what dangers may await good, naive customers on the way to the dream of a country, cozy home.

Warm corner: significance, technology and tricks of builders

A warm corner is a method of fastening beams during the construction of a wooden house. Its advantages:

• Eliminates the possibility of cracks appearing;
• Does not blow and lets cold into the room;
• Easy to perform and takes no more time than other methods.

In addition to this method, “butt-to-butt”, half-tree and dovetail are also practiced. In terms of advantages, the warm corner wins in all respects and any normal customer will choose it for their home. And now the fun begins. No, resourceful builders will not dissuade you from this choice. They will do better (for themselves) - they will give you a tidy sum. But what if you want to make your house truly warm? Refuse such well-wishers! Conscientious builders They will never charge you extra for this - this is already their job and you will definitely have time to pay for it. True, in fairness and unnecessary overpayments.

Nageli: making the house even stronger

Pins are special pins that make the timber “sit in place” even after shrinkage. What is the principle of working with dowels? In order for the result of their use to be positive, you need to adhere to the order - the pins are installed perpendicularly every two crowns, drilling holes in the beam in advance. That is, they laid it down, secured it with dowels every 1.5 - 2 meters and again 2 crowns. Pins are made from wood, mostly hardwood. Some save money and use improvised means instead of ready-made dowels: fittings, pipes or rolled metal. It is undesirable to allow this to happen – it is impossible to predict the consequences 100%.

Today you can often hear that dowels are an outdated technology and completely irrelevant. But the fact remains that this method of connecting logs or beams remains the most reliable. Moreover, it is time-tested.

Royki: we work with window and door openings

Another important stage in construction – work with swarms. Usually these are bars measuring 50x50 mm. A groove is cut into the wall, namely, in the opening. This is where the swarms are inserted. They will help maintain the stability of the wall. In order for the shrinkage process, even with swarms, to proceed without consequences, it is imperative to leave about 2 centimeters above the block. window opening, and 5 – in the door. This space is enough for the bars to fall into place. If you do not leave space, one of the logs or beams will hang and thereby cause a gap to appear. Which one warm house what if there are gaps in it?

But this technology should not be neglected. If the brackets are not installed, deformation of the wall at the opening is inevitable.

Builders' mistakes: real and possible

In order not to learn from your mistakes and the mistakes that will be made during the construction of your house, look at others. A very real picture: a wooden block was installed in the window opening as a sash. Shrinkage occurred, and the wall curved and became convex. What's wrong? The fact is that the wooden frame collapsed and simply stopped fulfilling its purpose - to strengthen the opening. To avoid such unpleasant situation, give preference to metal frames. It is especially important to use them when strengthening doorways– the load there is much greater.

It could also be this: greedy workers offer you to install swarms for a certain amount. Of course, out of ignorance, you will refuse. Why pay extra money? After all, “it will stand fine as it is.” This is absolutely not allowed! Maybe nothing will happen to the walls in the first year. But a house is not built for a year, not for 5, or even for 10 years! Think about the future and play it safe - install swarms. Just not for a fee. Now we'll tell you why.

Forewarned is forearmed

Be wary of offers to make high-quality beams for money or for a “symbolic” fee to use not a “dovetail” or “butt-to-butt” when laying beams, but a “warm corner”. This work is done by default and you don’t have to pay for it!

Conscientious and responsible builders from serious companies that value their name will do everything in at its best. You won't even hear questions about whether you need swarms or a warm corner - they will simply do it. Of course, there are cases when customers themselves refuse to strengthen window and door openings. Construction company has the right to issue a receipt where the customer indicates that he refuses this work. Thus, the developer relieves himself of responsibility for further consequences, and the future owner of the house risks encountering problematic shrinkage of the timber.

And your home will be cozy, strong and durable, because now you know exactly what dowels, sockets are needed for and what a “warm corner” is.

In window and doorways mount wooden blocks(mortgage bars) strict rectangular shape. They are installed at the end of the wall. Installation is carried out before installing the frames and door frames. The purpose of the bar is to “support” the opening and the structures installed in it, which, after its installation, will not change their shape or become deformed.

Well-dried wood is used to make swarms. The block should not change its size and shape during the shrinkage of the house.

How to make the right swarm?

• You need to choose the right wood for making a block. It must be well dried and free from defects (rot, cracks).
• The block must have dimensions that are suitable for the cut created for it in the wall. The swarm should not sit loosely in it.
• The length of the block supporting the opening should be 5 - 10 cm less than the height of the groove (a reserve for wall shrinkage, which will prevent the frame or door from bending when the wood shrinks).

Installation

To install the block, you must first make a cut at the end of the wall to its full height. A block will be installed in this hole. Important point- the swarm must completely fill the cut. All its parameters (width and depth) must fully correspond to it. Only in this case will it be possible to prevent changes in the geometry of the opening in the wall. The block is mounted in such a way that the gap for shrinkage remains only at the top.

The groove for the socket must be level. It must be cleaned to remove all the irregularities that formed on the wood at the time of cutting. If this is not done, voids will remain between its walls and the block.

The free space above the block is not left empty. It is filled with flax jute fiber. It does not interfere with the subsidence of the structure; in addition, it is a good natural insulation material. Its use will prevent the passage of cold and wind through the voids of the cuts for swarms.

After installing the support bars, you can begin installing frames and doors.

The main mistakes in the manufacture and installation of swivels

• Making a block of undried wood. This leads to the fact that the swarm settles along with the walls of the buildings. This means that it does not prevent the structure from deforming.
• No gap in the groove for shrinkage. The swarm will interfere with deformation wooden walls, strong pressure will be exerted on the beam.
• Do not fill the space in the groove above the block polyurethane foam. It penetrates even into small crevices, firmly gluing wooden elements buildings. This will disrupt the shrinkage process of the house.

Despite its apparent simplicity, swarming is a serious structural element wooden house. It allows you to prevent mechanical impact on window and door designs. As a result, they remain undamaged and do not need to be replaced due to the fact that they are warped or fail prematurely. Therefore, you should not refuse to install frames in openings for windows and doors. Moreover, their installation does not require significant financial and time costs.

Construction from timber - combination latest technologies And ancient traditions. Often, not all terms are clear to the average person, which is why the proposals of the development company are unclear, especially when they require a separate fee.

One of these incomprehensible moments - construction of window and door openings.

When ordering the construction of a wooden house, you should find out in advance what casing is, whether it is needed and, if necessary, whether it is worth paying extra for it.

What are swarms and what do they look like?

Royki(otherwise known as casing bars) are vertical elements necessary to maintain the geometry of the walls in the area of ​​window and door openings.

At first glance, it is not clear how such a simple detail can be so important, because the opening of the opening looks like an ordinary block of rectangular, often square, cross-section. But the need to install casing is high, especially in a house that is built from timber with natural moisture.

Mounting swarms window openings, cutting out a groove for them in the end part of the beams. It is worth knowing that the length of the casing should be 6-12 centimeters less than the height of the opening. During shrinkage, the top beam and those underneath will sink. The swivel moves freely along the groove prepared for it, without changing its position relative to the vertical and reliably holding the position of the log beams in the opening.

In what cases are swarms necessary?

Any house built for permanent residence, requires strict adherence to technology, and swarms are provided for in it.

But their installation is especially important in the following cases:

• timber construction high degree humidity;
• complex design walls with big amount openings, their scale dimensions;
• if you plan to install PVC window and door blocks (in this case, the casing has a special design).

The only case when you can do without a casing is when building a house or bathhouse from laminated veneer lumber with large sections. But this material itself is not cheap and there is no point in saving on installing swarms.

Roofs are the key to straight walls in your home

To begin with, pay attention to warranty obligations and clauses of the contract with the developer company. Usually there is a guarantee for the integrity of wall structures. If this is the case, do not listen to the visiting workers who propose to improve the structure with the help of casing bars, otherwise, they say, “the walls will lead.”

In case of such an attempt at extortion, call the head office of the company from which you ordered the construction of a house or bathhouse. Let us know that if you change the geometry of the walls, you will contact us about warranty service, and the developer will be obliged to eliminate the defects. This method is only suitable if the contract actually stipulates responsibility for the integrity of the structure.

Do I need to overpay for installing casing in log house openings?

This is a controversial issue. A conscientious development company includes the cost of construction in advance in the price of building a house, because they are necessary. More “savvy” scammers offer construction at a reduced price, putting forward their proposals for the installation of swarms and other, supposedly additional, services already on site after the future owner of the house has entered into an agreement with them. In this way, they easily find those who want to save money, later still receiving money for the installation of casing bars and other mandatory quality construction operations.

Decide for yourself whether you want to order the construction of a house from a company where everything is transparent or whether you are trying to save money (often ending up overpaying). What to do if you have already signed an agreement and only now realize that you are dealing with the scammers described above?

To save the situation, do the following:

• carefully read the contract again, check the warranty period;
• make it clear to the builders that you are not one of those who will let things go “on the brakes” if any shortcomings arise;
• if the contract contains a clause on liability for the integrity of the structure, discuss this with the foreman, foreman or other managerial person and explain that in the event of deformation of the walls you will demand correction of the defect under warranty.

These three simple steps will help you show that you are “not a bad person” and will not allow your rights to be violated.

In the absence of responsibility for maintaining the geometry of the log house during operation and warranty period you have no choice but to pay extra for the installation of swarms. If construction has not yet begun, refuse the services of such contractors.

It's no secret that profiled timber is a natural, living material. This is the main reason for the special love of private developers for it. Timber houses have a lot of advantages and few disadvantages. The main ones are susceptibility to shrinkage, drying out and cracking. This happens because solid timber Over time, it loses natural moisture and dries out. The process is invisible to the naked eye, but building structures react to shrinkage processes. Openings for windows, doors, and gates turned out to be especially sensitive to building settlement.

Finished projects of houses made of timber, or made individually, must include protective measures in order to avoid distortion of openings during operation. As an option, use thoroughly dried timber when building a house. It gives less shrinkage. More effective method- install frames for window and door openings. It’s great when the developer has the opportunity to use both methods in combination.

What are swarms?

Roofs are called timber, usually of square cross-section. It is installed in specially cut, vertically located slots in the end parts of a window or door opening. Installation of the slab in timber house what it gives:

• strength and stability of the configuration of the opening for a window or door block;
• eliminating the possibility of the box “sagging” after probable shrinkage of the building;
• trouble-free installation of a wooden, metal or plastic block.

Any construction product must be manufactured in compliance with certain rules, including swarming. So, what are swarms in a log house, and how to do them correctly?

1. To make this essentially tenon, only completely dry wood is used.
2. The cross-section of the swarm must completely coincide with geometric dimensions the cut into which it will be inserted.
3. The length of the tenon is made smaller than the height of the opening by 60-120 mm.
4. The difference in the height of the opening should be visible only in the upper part.

It would seem that, we're talking about about a primitive piece of timber, but its functionality is significant. It reliably protects the window or doorway from bending. If you ignore the installation of the swarm, sagging of the blocks will be inevitable and irreversible.

Opening device

To the question: what are swarms, the answer has been received. Now you need to figure out how to install them correctly. It is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of actions in order to obtain the expected result. You cannot rush to fill the openings with blocks without preparing them properly. Installation of frames in window and door openings is carried out as follows:

• A vertical cut is made on the sides of the hole for the window or door, exactly in the middle. Its cross section should be even and smooth. The resulting groove should be thoroughly cleaned.
• The depth of the cut should be equal to the thickness of the cutting, and the length should be 60-120 mm greater than the size of the prepared block.
• All openings are processed in a similar way.
• The swarms are placed in nests prepared for them. They should fit very tightly. From below, the block fits into the groove without a gap. And the difference in height between the roof and the opening remains free from above. The resulting space is called shrinkage space. It is filled with special insulation to avoid the formation of a “cold bridge”.

Now you can safely install windows and doors in full confidence that no shrinkage will affect their normal operation. Swarms under metal doors or gates are usually also made from a metal profile.