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Since visual information is the end product of the computer, there can be many reasons why the laptop screen does not work and most of the problems do not even relate to the matrix itself. To try to understand the cause of the malfunction, you must first try to describe its manifestations as accurately as possible. This will also help the master in service center, if you can’t repair the device yourself.

• The image does not appear on the screen, there is no noise of rotation of the coolers and the disk drive.
• The ventilation is working, the warning lights are on, the screen is black.
• The display glows with a faint whitish tint. After starting the laptop, the image appears for a moment and then disappears.
• There are wide or narrow, vertical or horizontal stripes on the screen.
• The image flickers, appears and disappears.

The absence of a signal when the coolers and hard drive are not working at the same time most likely indicates problems in the power circuits. Does the battery have sufficient charge? There may be disturbances in the power circuits. The connectors are not seated tightly, the power supply tracks are burnt out on motherboard.

To check for these problems, you need to disassemble the laptop, inspect the connections of the cables and look for burnt out tracks. The tracks on the boards are very thin and restoring the connection is a task for a professional.

The laptop screen is not working, but there is still a weak image? Then it is logical to assume a malfunction with the matrix backlight lamp. First you need to check what state the screen switch is in.

The backlight switch could fail, stick, or break off. Switch sticking is often caused by liquids getting on the laptop panel. For example, many users like to drink tea or coffee while working at the computer, this seems to help maintain concentration.

If you spill even a drop of sweet liquid on the switch, it is almost guaranteed to lead to sticking. You need to find it, it is located somewhere in the area where the matrix connects to the laptop body. Using a thin screwdriver, try to gently press the lever and try to force the lamp to turn on.

A faded picture on the monitor may indicate a burnt-out matrix backlight lamp, a malfunction in the power transformer, controller, or problems with cables.

The cable could have either broken somewhere, or the thin tracks at the point of connection to the motherboard had crumbled. Repairing such thin paths is quite a risky task. Typically, it is possible to restore functionality only in 50% of cases.

If the lamp burns out or loses its brightness, all that remains is to change it. It is not always possible to find it exactly the same type as was in the laptop. Then you will have to select a replacement based on parameters and dimensions, and adjust the brightness of the lamp and the matrix itself.

You can verify that it’s working if you bring the monitor screen to the source. bright light. If there is still a picture, just a very dim one, this means that it does not have backlighting. Consequently, there is a malfunction with the lamp or its connection.

Often the inverter or supply transformer fails. A transformer malfunction sometimes manifests itself with a characteristic whistle or crackling sound.

Problem with video card or motherboard

If it is possible to connect an external monitor, then you can make sure that the video card is working. If the image on the external monitor is normal, the video card is working. In some laptop models, after connecting an external monitor, the matrix automatically turns off. Perhaps you just need to switch the screen again to the internal matrix. Switching is done using a hotkey combination, look in technical description laptop.

If the picture on the additional monitor is normal, the malfunction has occurred in the matrix itself or with the cable.

The appearance of distortion on the monitor screen while the laptop is running is usually associated with detachment of the chip or memory stick on the video card. The same signs should appear when connecting an external monitor.

In some laptop models, the video card is part of the motherboard. Then the repair becomes more complicated - it is impossible to simply replace the video card module.

Problems with the motherboard or video card often show up as streaks on the screen. Or the image is jerky. Here we can assume irregularities in the contacts of the motherboard or a malfunction of the chip.

Since a laptop is a portable computer, the most common reasons faults include inaccurate movement, unstable position, movement with connected cables. All this creates conditions for the device to fall and strike the body.

Nothing may be damaged externally, but some internal detachable connections have fallen off due to the shock.

If there is not even a faint image on the screen, the north bridge on the motherboard has probably burned out. There may also be problems with the matrix or missing contacts in the power cables.

The screen image is partially blank or shaky

If there is a picture on some parts of the monitor, but not on others, the matrix most likely has failed. Jitter most often occurs due to a faulty cable. In this case, the entire repair consists of replacing the cable with a new one.

Let's not go far, let's take two examples: the words that the laptop does not turn on or does not boot, firstly, mean different malfunctions, and secondly, the second malfunction should always be clarified - what exactly does not boot or from which device. The second example: there is no power from the network and does not charge the battery, also mean different malfunctions, although these designations are often confused. Let's try to determine as accurately as possible and figure out what will actually have to be repaired. So, in order:

1. Laptop won't turn on. These words should mean one thing - your laptop does not respond at all to pressing the power button, that is, the cooler does not start spinning, no lights come on, roughly speaking, as if in front of you is not a computer, but a brick with a fake button. When the battery is turned off, the battery charge indicator can be either lit or passive. This fact is worth mentioning when describing the malfunction. There can be many reasons for this behavior:
The power supply is burned out, and the battery is dead, non-functional or missing. If, when you press the power button, the battery charge light comes on several times, but the laptop does not start, this indicates a dead battery and a lack of power;
there is no contact in the power connector in the laptop or in the power supply;
broken firmware or missing BIOS firmware;
the problem is indoor unit power supply on the motherboard. There can be many variations here, short circuit(hereinafter referred to as a short circuit) in the power or battery circuits, a burnt-out power microcircuit, or a control panel;
Short circuit in the south or north bridges, for example due to a USB breakdown.
2. No initialization. This term means the following behavior: when you press the power button, the cooler starts spinning and does not stop, spinning constantly at high speeds, the power indicators and the CaspLock, NumLock, etc. buttons light up. but do not go out, no further loading occurs, the monitor does not light up. Variations with the indicators are possible, but the reaction of the cooler, the absence of an image, and the absence of blinking of the hdd indicator remain the same. This defect should not be confused with the absence of an image on the matrix. So, the reasons:
there is no processor or memory;
broken BIOS firmware;
non-working north bridge.
3. reboot or shutdown during bios initialization stage. (not to be confused with reboots when the OS starts loading) It is difficult to clearly describe the behavior of the laptop here, but the possible reasons are as follows -
overheating of the south bridge, usually due to a short circuit in it (reboot). Most often it occurs due to a USB breakdown;
overheating of the processor, due to a cooler clogged with dust or a loose radiator, this behavior is rare, as a rule, accompanied by high fan speeds and always different shutdown times;
lack of power from the power supply (does not work or there is no contact in the power connector), the laptop tries to start from the battery, but since it is dead, it turns off immediately;
problems with bios.
4. No boot from hdd or hdd does not see(not to be confused with “no OS boot”). I note that with this defect, unlike the previous ones, it is almost always possible to enter the BIOS. The behavior that fits into this malfunction is also varied. Everything can freeze on the bios splash screen, it can constantly try to boot from the network card, it can just show a dark screen with a cursor, or it can say that the disk is not the system one.
IN in this case the reason is HDD, or the south bridge. Naturally, the first one is much more common, and there can be many reasons for this behavior, ranging from problems with the connection connector, sticking heads, broken blocks, due to the fact that the disk is not formatted or is not partitioned. Naturally, the solution methods are also different.
5. no OS loading and laptop restarts when OS loads. Restarts are most often due to viruses, sometimes simply due to an OS failure. It's often easier to rearrange than to try to fix. I think that this is more or less clear, and there is no need to explain what and how to do. Either we install it from scratch, or we upload it, or we look for reasons why it disappeared or won’t load.
6. No image on matrix. Here I think everything is more or less clear.
Let's divide this malfunction into three types:
the image is there, but distorted;
no image
there is an image, but it is barely visible.

First, let's consider the third option - there is an image, but it is barely visible. This means that the backlight on your laptop does not work; there may be several reasons, and therefore there may be several solutions to this problem.
a. Your display power button is either broken or stuck when you close the top cover. It's worth checking this button and the screen's response to pressing this button. This can often be done without disassembling the laptop and using either a thin screwdriver or a toothpick. The button can be located in different places:
a small pin or cutout in which the button tongue is located, near rotary mechanism matrices (in other words, look on the panel between the keyboard and the matrix, or on the axis of the rotary mechanism);
hidden mechanism inside the hinges of the turning mechanism;
at the end of the laptop in the place where the matrix latch is located (the hook of the matrix goes into the cavity of the case, where it snaps into place, preventing the lid from simply opening, and there it presses the button).
Accordingly, the methods for solving the problem are also different. The most common case is the first one, and it is also the easiest to check.
Of course, there is some possibility that the button has broken and is stuck in the pressed position, but this happens extremely rarely; to check this, you will have to disassemble the laptop almost completely.
Buttons most often become stuck (due to strong shocks, wear, or poor design) and are filled with liquids, which is why they stop responding to pressure or, on the contrary, stick when pressed. The latter usually occurs if the liquids were sugar-containing.
b. The problem is in the inverter (backlight voltage converter). It contains two main components: a chip and a transformer. Repairing any inverter is complicated by the fact that the output voltage from the inverter can be up to 1500 volts.
When a transformer fails, as a rule, shortly before this the screen begins to flicker, and noise and squeaks may also come from the transformer. Almost no one repairs a transformer; at most, they fill in transformer fluid with a syringe ( transformer oil) into it. Repairing a microcircuit comes down to replacing it. Also, something from the piping may deteriorate; occasionally engineers undertake such repairs, but quite rarely, since it is extremely difficult to find replacements for these elements. In 50-60 percent, the repair consists of replacing the inverter, the cost is from 50 to 150 dollars. But here another difficulty arises: it is not always possible to install an inverter from the same laptop; this may turn out to be a scarce product. In this case, you can try to connect an inverter from another model, but you need to redo the input connector and figure out the wiring; after such a replacement, adjusting the brightness of the matrix may not work.
The problem is in the backlight itself.
It can burn out, burst, short-circuit to the matrix body, or the problem may be in the power wires of the backlight. In the first and second cases, only replacement helps, the process is quite complicated, not because of the complexity of disassembly, but because of the complexity of assembling the matrix back, often after assembly the brightness of the illumination of the matrix becomes uneven. It is possible to do this work at home, but the main difficulty is finding a working backlight lamp of suitable size. The cause of such a breakdown could be: mechanical damage(falls and impacts of the laptop), and simply aging of the lamp. The next problem, backlights, also require disassembling the matrix, although not necessarily. It is necessary to insulate the metal parts of the backlight lamp from the metal frame of the matrix. The latter defect does not occur very often and the cause of such a breakdown is, as a rule, an unsuccessful design of the matrix rotating mechanism. Well, the power cables for the backlight lamp require enough simple repair(only good insulation is required), this type malfunctions are extremely rare and are mainly due to poor matrix design or improper assembly.

Now let's move on to the moment when you have there is no image on the matrix at all. To begin with, it is worth deciding exactly how the image is missing on the matrix. The matrix can be black, but with a backlight on, or at least blinking at the very beginning of loading, and the matrix can also be filled with a milky white or grayish color.
Matrix dark:
For diagnostics, you need to connect an external display (monitor). If there is an image on the external monitor, then everything is 90% fine with the video card and the problem is either in the matrix itself, or in the cable, or in the cable connector. Further accurate diagnosis is carried out simply by replacing one or another element. Loops can be repaired, but if a breakdown of the loop occurs at the bend point, then it is practically useless to repair it, you just need to replace it. If the problem is in the matrix, then most likely the main chip of the matrix (decoder) has burned out; replacing the decoder is complicated by the thinness of the board and tracks; they are very easy to damage when soldering.
Also possible reasons Such a defect may be:
Accidentally or not accidentally, the external display was activated and the matrix was deactivated; on some laptops, automatic switching back does not occur in the absence of an external display. It can be treated simply by pressing the appropriate keys, for example Fn+F5 (the combination depends on the specific type of laptop).
The second option is again a button to react to closing the laptop matrix. On some laptop models, the button not only turns off the backlight, but also turns off the entire display.
Another option is that the power supply to the matrix has broken, or it has a short circuit, or the fuse has blown out. It is better, of course, to contact a service center, although the repair itself usually requires just accuracy, caution, a tester and basic knowledge of electrical engineering.
But if there is no image on the external monitor, then the problem is in the video card, and here, of course, you can try to figure it out and repair it, but you shouldn’t do this yourself at home, and the probability of success of your repair is insignificant, and it’s up to someone else to figure it out a soldered board is much more difficult. It is worth taking it to a service center to repair the video card or replace it. I note that quite often the video card is implemented on the main motherboard and, accordingly, can only be replaced together with the “mother”. The cost of a mother is from 150 to 450 USD. in independent services, and from 350 to almost endless amounts in authorized services.

Let's move on to the option: when the matrix is ​​filled with white. Most often this happens due to the skew of the cable at the point of connection to the matrix. It can be easily removed, but you need to disassemble the top cover. The problem may also be in the cable itself, which can again be solved by replacing it. Another option is the matrix itself. Here you need to take quite a lot of measurements in order to say anything for sure; as a rule, this is just the wiring of the decoder. And finally, the problem may be in the video card itself, or more precisely in a pair of transistors around it, but the latter happens extremely rarely.
The last type of defect is image distortion.
The image may be distorted immediately upon loading, it may be distorted during operation, and the types of distortion are also different. First of all, we connect the monitor, thereby we will determine whether the problem is with the video card or not. I note that if a defect occurs during operation, it is almost certainly a video card, but it’s still worth checking. If you have shaky vertical or horizontal shifting stripes on your screen, then most likely the chip or memory on the video card is falling off. It can be treated in several ways: the chip is warmed up with a hairdryer (~50% luck and about $100), the chip is soldered using a soldering station, the “balls” are made again and soldered back (~50-70% luck and from $150), or replacing the video card itself, read above about the difficulties and cost of such a replacement. Chip defects may also look different; characters may pop up on the screen or vertical stripes of a different color may distort the color rendition. Memory defects can look the same and are treated in much the same way.
If the image on the external monitor looks normal, then the matrix cable and the matrix itself remain. A cable defect is usually expressed in image shaking, in vertical stripes that can appear and disappear when the matrix is ​​closed or opened. It can be treated by replacing it, or you can temporarily turn the cable, perhaps it will work for some time.

Defects associated with vertical wide shaky or different colored stripes on the screen, partial image and thin vertical stripes are associated with the matrix itself. Vertical wide stripes and a partial picture are usually associated with matrix cables going from the matrix board to the thin-film transistors themselves. Usually, if you press on the edge of the monitor where the stripe appears, either the color of the stripe will change or the images on part of the matrix will disappear. The difficulty is that the cables are practically beyond repair; they are very fragile, so if you have one, wide band on the matrix, then you should not constantly press on the edge of the monitor, you will touch other contacts, and the image may completely disappear on parts of the monitor. In principle, repairs are possible, but the cable is plastic with thin tracks drawn on it, and if the track has crumbled or the cable has swelled at the junction with the matrix, you can try to solder thin wires in order to restore contact, but the work is very delicate and is not possible on all models.
7. No mains power. This malfunction may be a special case of the “does not turn on” defect. It is clear that in this case your battery is not charging, but the car may be running, but from the battery, in this case, it is clear that Windows will say this, at least the battery will be discharged. Causes:
The problem is with the power connector or power supply.

8. does not charge the battery. Indicates that power is supplied from the network. Windows shows AC power but no charging icon. This defect does not mean that you necessarily have a bad battery, but this is also possible. Causes:
non-working battery.
problems with the internal power supply.
lack of power external unit nutrition.
9. does not work on battery or battery does not work. Here you need to clearly understand that “does not work on battery power” means that in the absence of external power supply The laptop does not turn on, this cannot mean that the laptop runs for 5 minutes and then turns off.
most often the battery is not working (in this case, most often the battery does not become infected)
The problem is in the internal power supply.

Power supplies suffer mainly from three defects: the power supply naturally burned out (often accompanied by smoke and similar special effects), the power supply turns off when heated and under load, and a problem with the cord from the power supply to the computer. The first and second defects are treated either by replacement or repair in service centers. The cost is approximately the same - 50-100 dollars, depending on the power and prevalence of the unit. Power supplies are mostly standard and interchangeable, differing only in power and connection connector; it is worth taking these nuances into account when purchasing a new one.
The last defect is a problem with the cord or with the connector on the cord, this is the most common, this is the weakest and most vulnerable place, so always twist the power supply cable carefully. Most often, the wire shorts, I note that this defect can lead to a breakdown of the power supply itself; if there is an indication on the power supply, it, as usual, in such conditions blinks or does not light up at all. And the connector itself changes, but quite rarely. As a rule, the entire wire along with the connector is changed, for which the power supply is opened, a new wire is taken, replaced, and the power supply is put back together. Appearance The power supply after such work may, of course, be damaged.

Next, let's move on to the power supply connector in the laptop itself. This is also a fairly common place to get injured, especially if you leave the power supply connector plugged in and put the laptop in a bag, or try to lift the laptop by the front of the case. Depending on the type of connector, you can try to repair or replace it. Please note that in some service centers they may try to sell you a new mother, in essence this is the right approach during warranty repairs performed by the manufacturer, but during post-warranty service this will simply extort money from you, provided that the mechanical damage has not affected the motherboard itself.

Battery problems are generally different, of course, but there are cases when the battery may not turn on the laptop. There are two options: the option when the laptop does not work with the battery inserted and the second option when the battery caused a malfunction on the mother and as a result the laptop does not work, either with or without the battery. It is clear that the first option is easy to diagnose, but the second only requires special equipment.

Well, the last case is a breakdown on the motherboard. There are many options, the most common are burnt out transistors and broken capacitors at the power input, or at the battery power supply. But these and all other breakdowns, which I won’t even list because of their large number, are not worth repairing at home.

This is far from full list possible malfunctions- this is a list with which it is most often difficult to determine.