Rescue ladder. Ladders and rescue equipment. We install a suspended structure

To prevent the rescue of disaster victims from becoming another accident, the rope fire escape has a breaking weight of 1000 kg and is treated with fire-fighting substances. For quick descent or ascent, the set should be as light as possible, but at the same time durable. So that all people can safely descend to earth.

A rope ladder for evacuation is a reliable descent in a critical situation.

You can make such a staircase yourself; it does not require any expense or special knowledge. You will need wooden blocks and strong rope (rope). Take a rope from any material - linen, cotton or synthetics, it doesn’t matter. And the wood will have to be treated so that it does not rot and there is no fungus. The advantage is that you can choose what length you need and adapt it for different purposes. You can make one short one for children, a long one for chores. Work on the roof, in a well, for water transport - everywhere it will be useful to have a rope ladder. Its practicality and ease of use speaks for itself. It is not without reason that during evacuation this device is used for descents and ascents.

Manual fire ladders LP, LSh, L-3k designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of burning buildings, as well as to rescue people caught in fire in the premises of storey buildings.

Rescue fire rope VSP

The fire rescue rope (FRR) is manufactured according to the technical specifications TU-8153-002-26273020-96 and is designed to ensure the implementation of priority rescue operations when extinguishing fires and eliminating emergency situations indoors and outdoors at ambient temperatures from minus 40 to 50 C.

The EPS is made of polyamide rope, the ends of which are embedded in metal thimbles and protected by heat-shrinkable sleeves.

Parameter name	Norm
1. Maximum permissible static load, N (kgf)
3. Length, m VPS-30 VPS-50	30+0,5 50+0,5
4. Weight, kg, no more VPS-30 VPS-50
5. Diameter, mm
6. Relative elongation when exposed to a load of 75% of the breaking load, %
7. Resistance to hazardous fire factors, with: exposure at a temperature of 600 0C contact with a steel rod heated to 450 0C contact with open flame	10 30 30
8. Dynamic strength	Holding a load weighing 100 kg after it falls from a height of 2 m

Hanging rescue ladders "ССС" from 6 to 21 meters

The suspended rescue ladder "SSS" is designed for self-evacuation of people from premises in emergencies and emergencies, in case of fires, in case of exposure to aggressive environments, before the arrival of rescuers. A small-sized, simple and reliable rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings can be brought into working position in a minimum amount of time.
Evacuation of people using the SSS rescue ladders does not require special training (transition to the use diagram):

For the manufacture of the hinged rescue ladder "SSS" (TU: 4854-001-23076997-99), crossbars from high-quality selected wood and high-strength polyamide cord (1450 kg tensile strength) were used. The components are treated with a fire retardant compound. Recommended length up to 15m. Working load 320 kg. Destructive load 1000 kg*. Must be equipped with special bags with identification stripes and instructions. During the last tests at a load of 1000 kg, there was no damage. Typical failure: shear of the crossbar under a load of 1200 kg without breaking the cord.

Rescue ladder

The hinged rescue ladder "LNS-00" (the number after the abbreviation means the length of the ladder in meters) provides the possibility of emergency descent of people from a window (balcony, loggia) of a building to the ground or to lower floors in the event of an emergency.

LNS delivery set: ladder, carabiner, bracket, stowage bag, passport. For an additional fee, a metal container is supplied for storing the ladder at the hanging location.

The staircase consists of two flexible strings (side ropes), made of galvanized steel rope, on which metal steps are fixed. At the top of the stairs, the bowstrings are brought together into a cable ending in a loop. This design allows you to attach the ladder with a carabiner not only to the standard fastening unit (bracket), but also to a suitable size load-bearing element of the building structure.

The stair treads have a traction-improving coating. The lower stage is colored (red or yellow) for easy hanging and folding of the LNS.

On some of the steps, plastic stops are installed at certain intervals, designed to remove the LNS from the wall, which increases the safety and convenience of people descending.
The bracket is mounted on the wall and is intended for hanging a ladder.

In standby mode, the ladder is in the folded position in a stowage bag or metal container.

The stairs are manufactured in 8 standard sizes.

Parameter name	LNS-6	LNS-9	LNS-12	LNS-15	LNS-18	LNS-21	LNS-24	LNS-29
Staircase length, m
Floor of the building corresponding to the length of the stairs
Weight of the ladder, kg
Overall dimensions in the bag: length, width, height, mm	430 300 300	430 300 300	430 340 440	430 340 440	430 340 500	430 340 500	430 340 620	430 340 620
Stair width, mm
Step diameter, mm
Step pitch (distance between steps), mm

Rope rescue ladder LAN

The name of indicators	Nominal values
	5 - 19 m with 0.5 m intervals, 19 - 30 m with 1 m intervals
Step diameter
Stair width

Rope rescue ladder with stops (LNSU-V)

Difference from LAN: Presence of stops Steps are made of aluminum pipe D 28 mm Step pitch 350 mm

Rope rescue ladder with chain (LVSC)

"A reliable and easy-to-use rescue device that can be brought into working position in a minimum amount of time. Evacuation of people using rescue ladders does not require special training. Simultaneous evacuation of up to 4 people is allowed. If it is necessary to quickly change the evacuation location, it is permissible not to use the standard attachment point, provided ensuring reliable fastening to any load-bearing structure of the building.

The steps of the stairs are made of hardwood and treated with a fire-retardant composition. Supplied with a carabiner and a hammer.

A distinctive feature of LVSC is the upper part, free from steps (1.2 m), and the strings up to the second step are made of chain , which allows the use of stairs when evacuating a burning room.

The name of indicators	Nominal values
Length of the chain string before connecting to the rope string
	6 - 30 m with 1.5 m intervals
Step diameter
Stair width

Rescue equipment set "KSS"

Basic equipment KSS-30, (KSS-50)

Name	Quantity
1. Braking device
2. Fire rescue rope VPS-50 (VPS-50) in a case
3. Hanging system "kerchief"
4. Universal suspension system
5. Nylon halyard 3 m
6. Special gloves
7. Carbine "Iremel 2200"
8. Stowing bag
9. Passport

Slip-Tow Truck

Slip-Tow Truck- a non-automatic device for descending from limited heights.

• To work with a slip tow truck and bring it into working condition, two trained people (professional firefighters) are required.
• The work of an untrained person with a slip tow truck is unacceptable.
• The speed of descent on a slip tow truck is regulated from the evacuation zone (possibly the source of a fire) or by a person descending independently (there is a possibility of a person getting stuck in a smoky environment).
• The descent on a slip tow truck runs along the line of windows, which increases the possibility of burns, damage from falling glass fragments, etc.
• The device is not intuitive to use properly.

Model range of evacuation systems "Slip-Evacuator"

"OFFICE" model
	A convenient and compact storage system in the table provides, if necessary, emergency self-evacuation. Specialized for self-evacuation of people who do not have their own harness (firefighter belt, rescue harness, etc.). The presence of a special rescue triangle in the system will ensure a comfortable descent. The descent control can be controlled independently or from the ground. Many buildings of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs are equipped with this system. You choose the maximum descent height yourself. The system is placed in a shoulder bag.
Model "MINI SWING"
		Designed for mass rescue. The model is specialized and especially suitable for use in self-evacuation and evacuation of groups of people (or individuals) who do not have professional skills. Control of the kit is intuitive and accessible after familiarization to the minimum required extent. A distinctive feature of the system is the uniquely low force (1-2 kg) applied during the control process. In this case, control can be carried out either by the person descending or by another person from the evacuation zone or from any place along the descent route, including the landing site. The system is stored in a portable bag (backpack) and can be taken to a hazardous area if necessary. However, the best option is permanent placement in the proposed mass evacuation areas, equipped with special places for attaching the kit.
Model "COMPACT"
			The "COMPACT" model is specialized for self-evacuation of professionally trained fighters of the fire and rescue service and other specialized units. The kit is a means of individual use. In this case, it is assumed that the fighter has his own harness (fireman's belt, rescue harness, etc.) with a connecting carabiner.

The system uses a unique, specially designed working rope with a diameter of 7 mm, which has a “Kevlar” sheath, which provides increased strength, resistance to mechanical damage and abrasion, exposure to high temperatures, open fire, aggressive liquids, etc.
The kit is distinguished by its particularly small dimensions, allowing it to be worn on a belt or in a pocket of combat clothing, and weighing only 800 grams, which for the first time made it possible to provide every firefighter (rescuer) with a life-saving equipment.
At the Customer's request, the length of the working rope can be changed.

Model "SWING"

Specialized for use in the evacuation of large groups of people. It can be used for evacuation of material assets. The kit is a means of collective use and allows evacuation in a continuous-cyclic mode, combining the descent of a person (load) with the lifting of the suspension system, released after the descent of the previous person (load). The kit is placed in a shoulder bag (backpack) and can be delivered to a danger zone if necessary or be permanently installed in advance in the intended mass evacuation areas. The system is controlled from the evacuation zone. The system has a wide range of applications on helicopters, oil rigs, in buildings, on decks of ships. It is mobile and easy to use, does not require additional tools for deployment and operation. Guaranteed operation of the system for at least 100 descents.

"ALPHA"- specialized, semi-automatic, with manual control carried out by the user, with the function of automatically stopping the descent when control is stopped or lost;

"KLUVIK"- universal type, with manual control, continuously carried out by the user during the descent or, from the landing site, by the operator.

The system is placed in a shoulder carrying bag.

Self-rescuer Bars

Self-rescuer Bars is an automatic fire-rescuer device designed for emergency evacuation of people from buildings and other high-rise structures during a fire or other emergency.

• To use a self-rescuer, no training or special skills are required.
• The self-rescuer Bars does not require any adjustment (regardless of the person’s weight) and maintains a constant speed of descent.
• During the descent of the first person, a second rescue scarf is lifted from the ground to descend the next one.

Technical characteristics of the self-rescuer:

• the speed of descent on the self-rescuer is equal to the speed of the elevator and is 1 m/s
• weight of the person being rescued up to 200 kg
• The height of the descent is up to 300 m; at the moment, using a self-rescuer you can descend from the roof of any skyscraper in the Russian Federation.
• the alerting time is no more than 60 seconds, even for an unprepared person.

Option 1: Delivery in Moscow and the nearest Moscow region

Within the Moscow Ring Road - 1000.00 rubles (with a carrying capacity of up to 150 kg and a cargo volume of up to 0.3 m3).
Outside the Moscow Ring Road 1000 RUR + 30 RUR/km (load capacity up to 150 kg and cargo volume up to 0.3 m3).

Cost of delivery: 1,000.00 rubles Option 2: Shipment by transport company

We ship products to all regions of Russia and neighboring countries.
We will arrange delivery for you by air, road or rail at the client’s request.

Please note that we provide free delivery of products to the Moscow terminal of transport companies - with a carrying capacity of up to 150 kg and a cargo volume of up to 0.3 m3. If the volume and weight exceed these dimensions, pickup will be carried out from the transport company of your choice.

Shipment by the transport company is made only after 100% payment.
For individuals:
- After payment of the issued invoice ("Invoice for payment No....") without VAT.
For legal entities:
- After payment of the issued invoice ("Invoice for payment No....") including VAT (18%).

Payment for the services of air, railway and transport companies is paid by the client independently upon receipt of the products from the transport company.

Hanging stairs are a “fresh wind” in your home. Indoors, they look like lightweight transparent structures, and many design styles use them as a highlight in the interior.

Stairs are attached to the interfloor ceiling with metal braces, which in turn support the step in a given position. The opposite side of the step is rigidly attached to the load-bearing wall.

And although such stairs do not look reliable from the outside, moreover, some people are even afraid to walk on them, a hanging staircase, when installed correctly, is quite durable.

The combination of elegant metal suspension rods with the warm solid wood of the steps gives a certain charm to the staircase and opens up wide possibilities for the flight of design ideas.

Have you built a house or are doing major renovations, and you want to add more space to the interior? Ordinary wooden or concrete stairs are not suitable here. But a hanging staircase would be a completely acceptable solution.

This article was intended as an instruction and with its help any owner capable of performing basic plumbing and carpentry work will be able to build such a staircase in his home with his own hands.

Before starting construction, watch 2 videos in this article, they discuss common mistakes when building stairs.

Selection of tools and materials

Tool

• Electric drill with a set of drills
• Rotary hammer with a set of drills
• Construction level
• Plumb
• A set of keys
• Grinder with a set of discs
• Lanyard and tap for thread cutting
• Welding machine preferred
• Roulette

Material

• Metal strip 50x10
• Metal corner from 50x50
• Hardwood: oak, beech, ash, etc. For steps
• Set of anchors, sleeves, nuts
• Wall-mounted handrails

Calculation of staircase dimensions

Naturally, we start with an accurate calculation of the dimensions of our stairs.

Hanging stairs are calculated according to the same principle as the others.

For example, let's take a small staircase with a height of 144.78 cm

1. To calculate the number of steps, divide the total height by the standard height
   Steps 144.7: 17.7 = 8.17 round this value to 8.
2. We calculate the distance between the steps to be 144.7: 8 = 18 cm.
   In total, with a height of 144.78 cm, we will have 8 steps with an interval of 18 cm.

This video in this article will help you perform the calculations.

For ease of calculation, we provide a photo of the table:

Installation

We attach the supports to the wall

1. It is better to install hanging stairs before finishing work begins..
   The drawing of our staircase is already ready and now we mark the places where the steps are attached on the supporting wall.

• • Next, we cut stops from the corner for each step.
  • We will mount them on the wall. The stops should be slightly smaller.
  • The width of the step itself, the distance from the edge is around 20 mm.
  • We drill holes on the wing of the stop, the wing is applied to the wall 3 holes.
  • The wing on which the stage 2 holes will lie.
  • All holes can be made of the same diameter, but we start from 10-12 mm.
  • It is better to number the stops.

1. We apply each stop to the design place where the step is attached and mark with a pencil the places for drilling holes in the wall.
   As we remember, the stops are attached to the wall with 3 anchors.
   Take anchors with a length of at least 200 mm. More is possible.
   We drill holes with a hammer drill and secure the stops with anchors. The cross-section of anchor bolts is from 10-12 mm or more, as convenient for you.

Making a frame

1. Hanging stairs require a strong frame. We will make the frame from a corner, which we will mount on the inter-ceiling. The best option is to weld the frame, because bolting it together takes a long time and is less reliable.
   With a corner, we will tie only the interceiling, both in the upper part and in the lower part. We have a ceiling above and below, resulting in a U-shaped harness. Now both parts should be fastened together.
   We have a 50x50 corner, connecting two corners end-to-end - we get 100 mm, the thickness of the overlap is usually greater. To connect two corners, we cut the strip into sections equal to the thickness of the ceiling and weld the corners together with these sections at intervals of 200-300 mm on the inside.

Important point: Cook each section separately and only when all 3 sections are ready, place them on the ceiling and weld them in the corners.

1. When the U-shaped frame is welded and installed, it should be fixed. First, connect two opposite parts of the frame bordering the wall with a metal strip. If the thickness of the overlap is large, then connect the upper frame trim and the bottom frame trim with two separate strips.
   We got a closed rectangular frame. There is a corner band around the perimeter of the ceiling, and a strip along the load-bearing wall. Next, the frame should be securely fixed.
   To do this, we drill holes in the strips with which we welded the corner of the upper and lower contours, then use a hammer drill to drill a hole into the depth of the ceiling (we assume that a reinforced concrete slab is used for the ceiling) and fix the frame with anchors, and also fix the strip along the load-bearing wall.

We install a suspended structure

1. The next step will be the installation of a structure on which metal rods will be attached to support the steps and the railing of the second floor stairwell.
   To do this, we cut corners similar to those used for binding.
   The structure will be mounted only on two sides, on the side opposite the load-bearing wall and on the side opposite the end of the stairs. We weld the corners to the frame in the shape of the letter T so that they form something like an I-beam.
   In the welded corners, having accurately measured them, we drill a number of holes for attaching metal rods from below and fencing from above.
   On the large, load-bearing side, the holes in the upper corner should be strictly opposite the holes in the lower corner. From the side railing, it is enough to drill holes only in the upper corner.

1. Preparing metal pins. The studs are made from round rolled metal, with threads cut along the entire length. The length is calculated according to the formula, the thickness of the interfloor overlap plus 100 mm. For the side where only the side guard will be attached, the overlap is plus 50 mm.
   Next, we mount the studs strictly plumb. From the inside, under the corner, firmly fix the studs with nuts. With the expectation that there is 50 mm left on both sides on the supporting beam. From the side where only the upper fence will be, we fix the stud under the upper corner with a nut, and attach it to the lower corner with welding. Here, naturally, only 50 mm should remain at the top.

Hanging the steps

1. Naturally, our suspended staircase must be suspended from something..
   The fact is that we plan to use metal, nickel-plated tubes for hanging steps and as stair balusters in the fence. They will greatly facilitate the entire structure. And although their price is much higher, the appearance is worth it.
   We measure the height and cut off the tubes. We cut internal threads in the tubes on both sides to a depth of 50-70 mm. We screw the finished tubes into the remaining 50 mm studs at the top.
   We attach the steps from below. To do this, in the steps prepared in advance, we make holes along the diameter of the tube. We put the step on the tube and fix it from below with specially prepared bolts. You can simply add washers for strength.
   But we recommend cutting metal strips to the size of the corner fixed to the wall, drilling two holes at a distance from the tubes, then using the strip as a washer, fixing both tubes at once.
2. Afterwards we screw the step to the corner on the wall with two bolts. If you don't like the look of exposed bolts, drill a small hole in the stair tread to fit the head of the bolt, countersink it, cover it with wood furniture plug, cut it and sand it.

Attention: the thickness of the board for steps must be at least 40 mm.
If you are afraid that such a board will break, run a metal strip under the board from the front hanger to the corner on the wall.
It would be enough.

1. The top fence is mounted in the same way. The tubes are screwed onto studs, railings are mounted on top and fixed to the wall.
   It is better to choose and buy handrails in advance, and attach them to the wall.
   It's simpler and more reliable.

Conclusion

As you can see, a hanging staircase, if desired, is not so difficult to implement.

Every normal man is quite capable of making such beauty with his own hands.

In the video in this article, you will find comprehensive information on the topic we discussed.

Rescue ladders are auxiliary equipment designed for the urgent evacuation of people in emergency situations from high-rise levels of residential buildings. The rescue hinged ladder is a fairly effective device for rescuing people in case of emergency from a height of up to 15 m.

A hinged type rescue ladder, unlike other hand-held devices for this purpose, must be constantly stored in “standby mode” in a special box, near the designated permanent attachment points. In the event of an emergency, it must be ready for use in order to ensure the evacuation of people from the emergency zone.

Types of structures

According to technical design, the attachments are of the following designs:

• rescue rope ladder- twisted bowstrings made from synthetic or natural materials; steps - wooden or metal;

• cable car- bowstrings made of metal cable are used, rigidly connected to each other using wooden or metal crossbars;

• chain- a ladder in which chain links are used as bowstrings, firmly connected into a monolithic structure;

• tape- a device made of steel or synthetic tape;

According to the method of application they are divided:

• stationary hanging stairs- stored in a special container inside the building and rigidly mounted in a designated place in the event of an emergency;
• curtain wall facades- perform the same functions as previous structures, only they are stored and mounted outside, on the facade of the building.
• heat-resistant design- designed for emergency evacuation of people from the area of ​​possible exposure to open fire and high temperatures on the staircase structure.

Models of fixtures

In this chapter, we will look at the most commonly used designs, and in addition to this information, watch the video in this article.

Wire rope devices

The most popular and sufficient equipment on metal cables is the hinged rescue ladder USL “Chance”.

The product is made of refractory, heat-resistant material, with a standardized length of 6.0 to 30 m. The rigid design of the device will allow for the safe evacuation of people from the floors of a burning building.

The structure consists of the following elements:

• galvanized steel cable Ø 5 mm is used as bowstrings;
• round metal steps Ø 25 mm;
• horizontal stops Ø 8 mm, fixing the device at the required distance from the wall of the structure.

Fastening is carried out using anchor devices pre-equipped on the walls of the building and carbines installed at the top of the strings.

With a similar design and the same characteristics, there is another well-known device - the CCC hanging ladder (see photo).

Rope structures

The class of rope structures includes equipment marked LAN or LNSP. The rescue rope ladder LAN can be used for evacuating people during fires in places where there is no open flame, during repair and construction work, and also as ancillary equipment on a personal plot.

Bowstrings are made of synthetic or natural material; steps can be made of wood or light aluminum alloy. To remove it from the walls of the building, the device is equipped with stops.

The strings of the ladder at the top, at a distance of 80 cm from the first step, are gathered together into a loop and secured with a carabiner. This makes it possible to use a single anchor to secure the structure or, in some cases, use a winch to increase the lifting height.

The rescue ladder winch can be made in the form of a portable manual mechanism or be equipped with an electromechanical drive equipped with a gearbox. The second option is usually used by the mine rescue service in the coal industry (see photo).

Product characteristics:

• step Ø 32 mm;
• string - polyamide rope Ø 8 mm;

Operational Requirements

All the designs presented above, in special cases, provide for their use by ordinary citizens - with their own hands, without the participation of specially trained personnel.

Therefore, below are instructions and basic requirements for staircase systems of this type, which must be used when selecting and operating devices:

1. All surfaces of attachments should not have sharp parts or burrs that could cause harm to health or create an obstacle for a person to move up the stairs.
2. Overall dimensions must correspond to:

• width - >250 mm;
• length - no more than 15 m;
• step pitch - 350 mm or less;
• weight -

1. The size and configuration of the cross-section of the steps should guarantee convenience and safety of movement. The recommended cross-section size of the crossbars is 26 mm or more.
2. The steps must be positioned strictly horizontally and have a right angle with the surface of the bowstrings.
3. Rope rescue ladders and other similar structures must be equipped with stops 110–220 mm long.
4. The materials from which the equipment is made must ensure its trouble-free operation within the temperature range from – 40°C to + 40°C.
5. The working life of the devices must be at least 50 cycles.

Tips: materials used in the manufacture of stairs must be corrosion resistant and covered with protective and decorative paints and varnishes in accordance with regulatory requirements for each specific material.

Test and control methods

Inspection of rescue equipment is carried out by the person responsible for fire safety of the facility at least once every three months.

Control should be carried out according to the following parameters:

• checking the packaging and completeness of the equipment;
• presence of damage to the surfaces of the structure;
• compliance with the standardized length;
• width;
• step size;
• size and shape of crossbars;
• weight of the device;
• checking the horizontality of the treads;
• presence and safety of stops.

More in-depth studies are carried out in the laboratory using special equipment:

1. The residual deformation value is checked using a 150 kg load suspended on a selected step, close to the bowstrings, for 120 s. The deviation in the dimensions of the tested part should not exceed 2% of the width of the fixture.

1. Shear testing of treads. A static weight of 150 kg is suspended on one side close to the bowstring. The test is considered successful if the steps withstood the applied load without changing shape or breaking the structure for 120 seconds.
2. Resistance to high temperatures (for heat-resistant equipment). Tests are carried out in thermal chambers or on specialized stands. Heat-resistant suspended structures must be operational under the following conditions:

• have a stable state for 180 seconds when the devices are exposed to a temperature of 600°C;
• for 30 seconds - at a temperature of 450°C;
• exposure to an open flame - ensuring operability for 30 seconds.

1. Strength test. The test sequence corresponds to the first point, with the exception of the static load, which in this case is equal to 360 kg. After the tests, the structure should not have tension, distortions, etc.

The rescue ladder must always be in working condition, characterizing the ability of the equipment to perform the assigned tasks, and its serviceability must comply with design and regulatory documentation in accordance with GOST 27.002-2015. The cost of violations in relation to the operation of this equipment is the disruption of the rescue operation and the death of innocent citizens.