Cultural and educational space of a modern museum. Forms of cultural and educational activities of museums. Competitions, Olympiads, quizzes

Love for the native land, for the native culture, for the native village or city,

To native speech It starts small - with love for your family, for your home, for your school.

Gradually expanding, this love for one’s native turns into love for one’s country -

to its history, its past and present, and then to all of humanity, to human culture.

D. S. Likhachev

Modern socio-economic conditions that are making themselves known in our country indicate a change in the need for the quality of preparation of children in school. An increasingly urgent task is to form creative personality. Implementation of the transition to federal government educational standards at all levels of education, intensified interest in the use of all participants educational process modern technologies, which contribute to the formation of universal educational activities. The cultural and educational space of the school, as a set of values ​​and models for successfully solving life problems, serves as a source of development of the student’s personality.

In addition, development Russian Federation on modern stage characterized by increased public attention to culture. In the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 N 1662-r, culture is given a leading role in the formation of human capital.

Therefore, communication between schools and cultural institutions, development and implementation of new ways of interaction is becoming especially relevant.

This issue is on several levels, in our opinion, which should be combined into a single model, system.

1. Museum pedagogy is a scientific discipline at the intersection of museology, pedagogy and psychology, the subject of which is the cultural and educational aspects of museum communication.

2. Local history is the study by the population of geographical, historical, cultural, natural, socio-economic and other factors that collectively characterize the formation and development of any specific territory of the country (village, city, district, region, etc.).

Thus, local history and museum pedagogy are elements of applied cultural studies, which, in turn, helps to educate a deeply moral person who knows and understands the history, cultural characteristics of his country, language, mentality of the people, capable of preserving heritage and resources and passing on knowledge to future generations.

In accordance with the existing regulatory documentation and the need to combine efforts in the field of educating the younger generation, there are a number of methodological contradictions that show the unwillingness to fully implement the partnership.

School teachers and museum staff cannot always work as a single team, as they belong to different ministries. This leads to inconsistency in work plans for organizing educational and educational activities museums and schools. In addition, contradictions arise between the planning of the educational process and the absence or insufficiency of the educational and methodological base, educational resources for the organization joint activities and a single information space.

Thanks to the developed form of interaction between the school and the museum through the practice of humanitarian and natural science education, conditions have been created for the development of subjects of activity, which will allow us to combine efforts to achieve cultural and educational goals.

A system of work for the joint educational space of the museum and the school has been created (Fig. No. 1), which is built on the principles of democratization, differentiation, humanization, as well as system-activity, personality-oriented and local history approaches.

The organizational and functional structure is represented by target, content, organizational-activity, need and result components. This allows the elements of this model to work optimally, balanced and interconnected. Process-activity relations within the framework of interaction presuppose efficient work at every stage, monitoring the quality of educational services.

As a result, the main idea of ​​interaction is to unite interested social partners to develop and test innovations related to the formation of socio-cultural competencies in students. And also the education of a zealous owner, a patriot and a citizen of Russia who takes care of his home, city, region, country.

Social partners of the project have been identified:

– the Zaeltsovka Museum is a branch of the MKUK “Museums of Novosibirsk”, a cooperation agreement was signed (No. 1 of 09/01/2017);

– universities of Novosibirsk: Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education NSPU, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS;

– Protected natural area “Dendrological Park”.

The conditions for assistance in the implementation of cognitive, cultural and educational activities and in solving statutory tasks aimed at the patriotic, cultural and moral education of students in the Zaeltsovsky district have been agreed upon.

The main consumers of the project results have been identified: social partners (schools, museums, libraries, organizations additional education, parents), who will solve the assigned problems by combining educational resources.

A survey of parents and representatives of the local community was conducted regarding interest in joint projects of the school and other participants in educational relations.

As a result of joint activities, programs between participants in educational relations were compared for use in the work process. The museum staff have extensive experience in conducting museum teaching classes in all areas reflected in the program. educational work schools. In this regard, the school’s educational program was supplemented with a set of new activities aimed at educating students in the spirit of respect for cultural and historical heritage.

In order to develop the abilities for research activities and the creative potential of students, in accordance with the work program, the project leaders organized meetings with representatives of science.

Joint work of the Zaeltsovka Museum, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch Russian Academy sciences, teachers of MBOU Secondary School No. 77 gave students the opportunity to seriously engage in environmental work. In 2017-2018, at the museum, a course of lectures on the topic “Fundamentals of Ecology for Students” was taught by Viktor Vyacheslavovich Glupov, director of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, writer. V.V. Glupov also presents his own photographs of animals from different parts of the world and shares his travel experiences. Of particular interest to the students was the book “Cypress Rain” by Viktor Ch. Stasevich (pseudonym of V. V. Gloopov), where each story contains a system of ecological relationships.

Currently the Public Council under the Ministry of Culture Novosibirsk region together with regional public organization“Born of Siberia”, MBOU Secondary School No. 77 and the Zaeltsovka Museum, a branch of the MKUK “Museum of Novosibirsk”, in commemoration of the year of ecology and the upcoming 125th anniversary of the city of Novosibirsk, a project is being developed under the working title “Novosibirsk Paths”. The goal of the project is to update, popularize and broadcast the historical and natural heritage of the city of Novosibirsk.

Work is underway on the project “Specially protected natural areas of my region”, “Plant and animal world my region." The place of study is the protected area “Dendrological Park”.

The result of student projects will be presentations, videos, articles about specially protected natural areas, which will not only glorify nature native land, but also to carry out educational work among peers and adults. Taking into account historical features Siberian region The museum and school are planning a series of programs dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the city.

School teachers and museum staff organized joint local history classes for students. Thus, integration occurs:

within the framework of lesson activities in such subjects as geography, biology, history, astronomy, literature;

within extracurricular activities joint events of spiritual, patriotic and environmental themes are held;

As part of project activities, students are included in district, city and regional projects, which arouses interest and motivates them for further work.

The issue of the possibility of combining the efforts of the Rodnichok microdistrict museum, which is located on the territory of Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 77, and the Zaeltsovka Museum with the aim of creating a single educational space is being considered. Through the efforts of school teachers (from personal collections), the following collections will be presented in the school and city museums:

– rocks and minerals of Russia and the Novosibirsk region;

– stamps, postcards for various holidays for viewing by all visitors.

Such an opportunity to exchange materials from a museum exhibition (school museum, city museum, individual collections) will arouse interest among all project participants. Besides, this material can be combined into the exhibition “The World of Hobbies of Novosibirsk Residents”, which will be dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the city. Preparations for the anniversary celebrations will give school students the opportunity to prepare design work on this topic and act as guides at the site of the microdistrict museum and the Zaeltsovka museum.

Since projects must satisfy not only the needs and interests of project team members, but also be in demand in external environment, project managers of MBOU Secondary School No. 77, the Zaeltsovka Museum organizes the process of public presentation of completed projects through project competitions, fairs, exhibitions, and festivals. In addition, projects are broadcast through the school’s information infrastructure, media: TV, radio, Internet space, website, social media. As a result project activities students are exposed to internal and external evaluation, which is part of the school monitoring system.

Using all the previously mentioned elements of work in the system, we will be able to form an active student team that is successful in studies and creative activity. We are convinced that educational and educational system is created not only by the school, but by the joint efforts of all participants in the process: teachers, children, parents, partners.

“It depends on how we educate our youth, Will Russia be able to save and increase itself? Can it be modern, promising, effectively developing, but at the same time do not lose yourself as a nation, do not lose your originality in a very difficult modern environment.”

V.V. Putin

Bibliography

1. Altynikova, N. V. Ecological culture as a component professional competence teacher / N.V. Altynikova // Improving the quality of education: methodology, theory, practice [text]: Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference. – Novosibirsk: Publishing house NIPKiPRO, 2003. P. 42-45.

2. Efremova M. E. Personally-oriented learning in geography lessons // newspaper interactive education, issue No. 75, publishing house MKUDPO City Center for Informatization “Egida”.

3. Efremova M. E. Fostering an environmental culture through the organization of a socially significant project “ECOSNAEK School” // Modern educational technology in the global educational space: a collection of materials XII International scientific-practical conference / Under the general. ed. S. S. Chernova. – Novosibirsk: Publishing House TsRNS, 2017. – 168 p. ISBN 978-5-00068-800-7.

4. Solovyova, M. F. Museum pedagogy as a new branch pedagogical science. Museum pedagogy (Text): textbook. allowance – Reader / ed. M. F. Solovyova. – Kirov: VyatGGU Publishing House, 2005. – 146 p.

Solovyova, M.F. Pedagogization of society through museums and museum pedagogy // Education in the Kirov region. Scientific and methodological journal 2007. – No. 4. – P. 50–54.

5. Solovyova, M. F. Museums as centers of innovation and sustainable development of the continuous education system // Education through life. Continuing Education for sustainable development: works international cooperation T. 6 / Lening. state University named after A. S. Pushkina and [and others]; [compiled by: N. A. Lobanov]; under scientific ed. ON THE. Lobanov and V.N. Skvortsova. – St. Petersburg: Alter Ego, 2008. – P.427–430.

6. Sotnikova S.I. Nature and museum in the culture of the era. Historical excursion // Bulletin of the Russian State University for the Humanities. Series "Culturology", No. 10/07 - M: RGGU, 2007. - p. 253-266.

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Various forms of working with visitors can be reduced to several basic ones. They serve as material for constantly updating work with the audience. These include the following:

1. excursion,
2. lecture,
3. consultation,
4. scientific readings (conferences, sessions, meetings),
5. club (circle, studio),
6. competition (Olympiad, quiz),
7. meeting with interesting person,
8. concert (literary evening, theatrical performance, film show),
9. museum holiday,
10. historical game.

Each of these forms can be described using a number of stable characteristics, some of which will be considered basic, affecting their essence, and some - additional.

The main ones include the following alternative characteristics:

• traditional - new,
• dynamic - static,
• group - individual,
• satisfying the need for knowledge/recreation,
• suggesting passive/active behavior of the audience.

Additional characteristics of the forms of cultural and educational activities of the museum include:

• their intended purpose for a homogeneous/heterogeneous audience,
• in-museum - out-of-museum,
• commercial - non-commercial,
• one-time - cyclic,
• simple - complex.

Excursion

The excursion is an example of one of those traditional forms with which the formation of the cultural and educational activities of the museum began. One of its main features is dynamism, and in this sense, the excursion falls into a very small number of forms that require movement from the visitor. This is an example of a group form, since individual excursions are relatively rare. True, it appeared in museums new option excursion services - auto guide. Having received headphones, the visitor has the opportunity to listen to an individual excursion, but this is an excursion without face-to-face communication, without a collective experience, and therefore in some way inferior. The excursion mainly satisfies the audience's need for knowledge and assumes, despite the need to use techniques for activating the excursionists, passive behavior of the audience.

Lecture

The lecture is one of the traditional and, moreover, the earliest forms in time. The first museum lectures, satisfying the need for knowledge, became a noticeable fact public life and usually took place with a large crowd of people, since they were often read by “luminaries of science.” Over time, museum lectures have lost the significance of a form that has such a wide public resonance; Museum employees began to read them, but as a result they benefited from the point of view of their museum quality. The use of museum objects as attributes (even if they are present only “invisibly”) has become important requirement requirements for lectures. Lectures still occupy a strong place in the repertoire of museums, many of which have permanent lecture halls.

Consultation

Another basic form, also quite traditional for a museum, is consultation, which is practically the only one of an individual nature (whether we are talking about consultations related to the exhibition or conducted in scientific departments). This form has never had significant distribution, but it is especially promising now, due to the trend of increasing visitors viewing the exhibition without a guide.

Scientific readings

Scientific readings (conferences, sessions, meetings) are also among the classical, traditional forms that arose during the formation of the cultural and educational activities of the museum. They are a means of “publication” and discussion by a group of competent persons of the results of research conducted by museum staff, a way of establishing and developing contacts with the scientific community. Such scientific meetings not only satisfy cognitive interests public, but also greatly enhance the prestige of the museum as a research institution.

Club, studio, circle

Opportunities for identification and development creativity individuals are provided with such forms of cultural and educational activities as circles, studios, and clubs. A circle is usually a small group of children or teenagers united by interests and working under the guidance of a museum employee. In historical profile clubs, children study historical events, biographies of outstanding people; in artistic and technical circles - they make models, engage in drawing, modeling, arts and crafts; In museology clubs they prepare to become tour guides and researchers.

In the work of the clubs, educational elements are combined with creative ones: participants make sketches of museum objects, illustrate historical events, create the necessary props for theatrical productions, etc. Almost all clubs instill museum work skills.

The State Historical Museum has accumulated a wealth of experience working with high school students in the field of museum studies and historical source studies. Over the course of one or two years, schoolchildren not only comprehend theoretical basis museum affairs, but also acquire practical skills in various types of museum work. For example, they learn to attribute museum objects, attend classes on paper and cardboard restoration, and perform creative tasks Based on the exhibition material, they prepare excursions, and they themselves choose the topic, develop a route, select exhibits and adapt the excursion for a certain category of visitors.

Competitions, Olympiads, quizzes

Competitions, Olympiads, quizzes related to the theme of the museum are also forms that are a means of identifying the activity of the audience, uniting experts and involving people in the work of the museum. These competitions are organized in such a way as to bring visitors as close as possible to museum collections: as a rule, tasks require knowledge not only of facts, but of exhibitions and exhibits on display.

Meeting with an interesting person

Forms that are more focused on meeting people’s needs for recreation include meeting an interesting person. The actualization of this form occurred in the 1960-1970s, when the processes of liberating the museum from the shackles of ideologization and politicization began and at the same time there was an increase in its attendance. People were attracted not only by the collections, but also by the opportunity to communicate, to personally meet with a remarkable person - a participant in the event, an expert on the topic, a collector.

Concert, literary evening, theatrical performance, film screening

Satisfaction of the need for recreation also corresponds to such forms as a concert, literary evening, theatrical performance, and film screening. Like most basic forms, they, especially concerts and literary evenings, have always been part of the life of the museum. However, these forms acquire true museum significance when with their help the idea of ​​synthesis is embodied subject environment and art. An example of this is “December Evenings” at the State Museum fine arts them. A. S. Pushkin, which began to be held in 1981 on the initiative shown by Svyatoslav Richter and supported by the director of the museum I. A. Antonova. The interest of the public and museums themselves in them testifies to the recognition of the importance of non-objective forms of existence cultural heritage, which include both human spiritual experience and sound word, and music, and a movie.

Museum holiday

The introduction of the holiday into the scope of museum activities is usually attributed to the 1980s, which makes it possible to consider it new form. However, she had predecessors. These are extremely common back in the 1950s. rituals: admission to pioneers and Komsomol, presentation of passports, initiation into workers and students, which took place in the halls of the museum and were accompanied by the ceremonial removal of relics. And yet, only the actions of the 1980s and subsequent years are associated with the term “holiday”, which consolidated something common that was inherent in all these actions. Community and novelty lie in the informal atmosphere of festivity (which distinguishes this form from previous ceremonies), in the effect of personal involvement, participation in what is happening thanks to theatricalization, play, direct communication with the “characters” of the holiday, the use of special paraphernalia.

The effect of a museum festival depends on how much it is possible to activate the audience, involve spectators in the action, and destroy the boundaries between the “auditorium” and the “stage.” This happens organically during children's parties, especially those that end classes in clubs or studios. They are preceded by joint preparatory work, a long wait for the holiday, no less exciting than the holiday itself.

Historical game

A historical game can in no way be called an excursion (or activity) using a gaming technique. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is built on the role-playing behavior of the participants and provides the opportunity to immerse themselves in the past and gain the experience of direct contact with historical realities. This makes the historical game unlike any other form, which serves as the basis for distinguishing it as an independent one. It is as promising as it is difficult to execute, because it requires a number of conditions and components: special space, special attributes (including costumes), a well-prepared leader with acting skills, and finally, the desire and ability of the audience to join the game and accept it conditions.

Simple and complex forms of cultural and educational activities

Since most of the basic forms, with the exception of the holiday and the historical game, belong to the category of simple ones, their combinations and combinations allow you to create complex forms.

These, for example, include an extremely common form called “ themed event" This is, as a rule, a one-time event that is dedicated to a specific topic, event, person and may include an excursion and a meeting with an interesting person, a lecture and a concert. The concept of “program” is also being actively introduced into museum terminology, in which the technology of synthesis receives its most vivid embodiment.

Very promising, for example, are programs called “ Calendar of exhibition events" They are carried out throughout the entire period when the exhibition is open, encouraging people to come to the museum repeatedly and for various reasons.

In the context of discussing the problem of “museum and school”, it is advisable to note that such a form as museum lesson, the first mention of which dates back to 1934.

Modern education reform has contributed to the transformation traditional form lesson: the school now has discussion lessons, test lessons, and research lessons. The museum also followed a synthesis of educational models. In working with children, museum lessons began to be used, which were called activities-games, excursions-quiz, excursions-research and involving in-depth study of the material, setting educational tasks, checking the level of knowledge acquisition. To conduct such classes, some museums create special museum classes.

New synthetic forms are also used when working with adult audiences. One of these forms is creative workshops, which involve the participation of artists, folk craftsmen, and museum specialists, who join forces to introduce the widest segments of the population to cultural values. Workshops include popular science lectures, internships, plein airs, environmental and restoration camps for high school students, students and everyone.

Museum internet class, internet cafe- this is another example of the synthesis of new information technologies and museum education. Visitors can get here Additional information about the museum exhibition, get acquainted with museum pages on the Internet, computer programs, master museum gaming computer systems. The online classes include virtual museums that allow you to get acquainted with the collections of museums in other countries and cities.

Museum Festival as a synthesis of profile and museum science also recently appeared in the list of forms of cultural and educational activities of the museum. As a rule, this is “a ceremonial event in a museum with a wide range of participants, accompanied by a display and viewing various types art or works performed by participants in studios, clubs, ensembles, other creative groups and organizations.”