Designs of steel furnaces. Criteria for choosing metal stoves for the home. Long-burning supercharged stove

Currently available on the market big choice various wood stoves for the home, from different manufacturers. The design, shapes and sizes of modern stoves for summer cottages are completely varied. And almost every manufacturer has heating systems with similar properties wood stoves. It is difficult to say which manufacturer is better or worse, each has its own pros and cons, so choosing a brand is a personal matter for everyone, a matter of taste.

When choosing a wood stove for your home, you should pay attention to the following points:

• the metal from which the furnace firebox and the furnace itself are made - of course the best material for fireboxes today, austenitic high-alloy heat-resistant steel is used; during the first firing of the furnace, a protective film, preventing the metal from deteriorating. Cast iron behaves very well in fire - such a firebox will also serve you for many years! Black boiler steel is already in third place. In order for a black firebox to serve for a long time, its walls are made very thick (up to 8 mm for some manufacturers) or lined with fireclay bricks. Manufacturers, when making sauna stoves, use the same steel.
• It is also important that the stove for the home is economical and can operate on one load of firewood for at least 3-6 hours. Here, a lot depends on the volume and internal structure of the firebox: the longer the smoke and hot gases are inside the firebox and do not fly out into the chimney, the more heat the stove will give off to the environment. Good helpers are various types of convectors, which increase the heated surface of the stove, release heat more slowly and help distribute it in space.
• Next come the secondary factors, which, however, may be very important for you! It's about availability hob, retractable grate, glass in the door, appearance, chimney outlet (up or to the side). Of course, the presence of a burner, especially with removable rings, is a big plus in the stove. On such a stove you can fully cook food. However, many ovens simply have a flat top surface that allows you to heat food.

You can talk for a long time about the advantages and disadvantages of modern wood-burning stoves for the home, but you need to remember that all the bells and whistles always come down to money! Therefore, there are many advantages, which is of course very good, but expensive! And for the budget conscious, manufacturers have also provided simpler and cheaper options, and this does not mean that it is worse! Therefore, it’s up to you to decide! If you have any questions when choosing a stove, call our office; we only employ professionals who can answer all questions about modern stoves.

User videos about wood stoves

Metal stoves for home use have their advantages and disadvantages over brick ones. The advantages include lower price and weight, strength and high efficiency, as well as developed technology for processing the metal itself. All these factors determine interest in the nuances that the operation of such a boiler provides.

Read more about the benefits

Metal is much softer than ceramics, but is comparable in strength. It can be melted, cut and bent, forged and drilled, after which it does not require additional energy expenditure for firing. There are many ways to process metal with a broad scientific basis, and this is another plus in favor of the material.

When creating a metal furnace, you can use various design innovations that improve technical characteristics. As a result, the efficiency of a brick kiln is on average 70%, and metal kilns have an indicator of 85-90%.

Comparison

Again, if we compare metal and ceramics, the strength of brick decreases as the thickness decreases, while that of metal, on the contrary, increases. As a result, the weight and cost of heat of metal furnaces is 10-20 times less than that of equipment made of bricks. On modern market good heating equipment made of metal for a house of 100 m2 can be purchased for $300, and second-hand equipment can be purchased for $50-100.

In addition, it is a one-piece design - it is easy to transport, resistant to shocks, impacts, and falls. Its mobility is combined with the absence of the need to build a foundation. The entire installation boils down to installing the chimney in smoke channel. If the stove is no longer needed, it can be easily dismantled and stored.

Another plus is the high thermal conductivity of the metal. Because of this, the heat capacity of the stove is small, and the house heats up quickly. This factor gives high efficiency.

For example, in brick construction almost 20% of the heat goes into the chimney during the combustion process until the heat exchange in the furnace is leveled out and it begins to release energy.

Household use and certification

Also, the metal product is more homogeneous than brickwork and does not have a porous structure. It is not afraid of dampness and heating breaks, it does not need accelerating heating. It is easier to integrate a hob into this design and hot water equipment due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal and rapid combustion flue gases.

If a metal stove is produced at a factory, then it can be certified in terms of fire safety as a completely ready-to-use product. Permission from the fire inspection is much easier to obtain than for another furnace building. Some models of factory-made metal stoves do not require paperwork at all - you only need a chimney separate from the ventilation.

Choice: nuances

To choose a metal boiler, you need to understand the difference between the materials used.

Made from ordinary steel

One popular option is regular steel. Thus, the tensile strength of this substance during prolonged exposure is about 400°C (at 2 hours it increases to 600°C). The thickness of the steel starts from 4 mm, but the stove quickly burns out due to intense heating, so it is not suitable for climates with severe frosts.

However, there are long-burning furnaces that do not maintain long-term heating of the body above 600°C, and those parts that become as hot as possible are made massive and replaceable. They are suitable for big houses and frosts.

Made from heat-resistant steel

The second material is heat-resistant steel, which is often used in industrial production. Such special steels are taken with a thickness of 3 mm and provide a service life of more than 20 years, efficiency is above 80%, and also have light weight. Such branded units are mounted on the floor and only need to be connected to the chimney. They are certified and completely safe under intense heating, which means they are well suited for harsh winters.

Equipped with a hob and a “water heater” allows you to use them both in the countryside and in country house, and in a permanent home. It is very difficult to produce them yourself; you need to master intricate welding technology (TIG/MIG) and the corresponding expensive equipment. It is easier to purchase a ready-made device.

Made of cast iron

Cast iron is known and highly respected as a base - it is a kind of metal, but not quite a metal. It is as strong as steel, but also as brittle and heat-intensive as ceramics. Cast iron stoves heat up after heating for up to 3 hours, and warm up for about 40 minutes.

The thickness of cast iron is taken in the range of 6-25 mm: not thicker, so that the expansion coefficient from heating does not work to the detriment, but not thinner - the unit will be fragile.

High efficiency cast iron stoves is possible only when heating houses with an area of ​​no more than 60 m3 - i.e. For large rooms such a heating device is not suitable. However, he is not afraid of interruptions in the firebox or dampness.

Therefore, a cast iron stove - perfect option for small outbuildings (shed - for keeping livestock, greenhouses, cottages, etc.). It is impossible to make such a unit with your own hands - after casting at the factory, the material cannot be machined by home craftsmen. The maximum is painting.

Construction options

Heating and cooking furnaces for household use by design there can be several types.

Chamber

A metal chamber stove is a classic “potbelly stove”, which has been greatly improved in modern production. This unit has the following technical characteristics:

Duct

The principle of operation of this design: the gases burn out, and then cool and pass through the channels between the partitions, and give off heat to the furnace body. The unit must warm up to 400°C inside - then afterburning will occur in it. Modern potbelly stoves can easily be reclassified as channel circuit. In this case, only a horizontal “elbow” is left from the flue and it separates the combustion chamber from the firebox.

Combustion air enters through the cracks of the hob or through a special air throttle. A duct stove has an efficiency of up to 80%, and the specific thermal power is several times greater than that of a chamber stove. Such a stove works both with long burning and with flame, on almost any fuel.

At the same time, the power is regulated by the air supply - this possibility here is 2 times higher than in a chamber potbelly stove. An advantage for household use is the temperature in the afterburner is within 250-300°C, and this is convenient for cooking.

Almost all metal household stoves up to 15 kW of power are created according to the above-described scheme. The body is usually made of ordinary steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more, and the hob is made of cast iron or steel with a thickness of 8 mm or more.

Kolpakovaya

Finally, a bell furnace is a scheme in which gases are retained by the roof of the bell until complete combustion, and then they fall down and give off the remaining heat. Such designs provide more than 70% efficiency. This technology is also applicable to metal boilers, but here we had to abandon the flame - a metal cap simply will not absorb as much heat as it releases without overheating. Therefore, such stoves were switched to smoldering mode - this made it possible to increase the heat transfer time to 60 hours (with wood) or up to 30 days (with coal).

Long-burning metal stoves can be made with your own hands and operate on wood, coal, but not on wet fuel, since wet fuel does not smolder, no matter how much air you give it. If it is a special one, then it will not be able to work on wood - it simply will not “give out” the required efficiency. The body of such a boiler is made of simple steel, surrounded by a sealed gas jacket.

For example, you can trim the body at a distance of 70 mm with a hot water register in the form of a ring tank or coil. This will enhance convection and give hot water. Such boilers are suitable for heating large houses (as an option - dachas, country cottages) with a bathroom, even in harsh conditions. climatic zones. User reviews of such stoves are positive.

Main manufacturers

Let's look at the most popular manufacturers on the modern metal furnace market.

Teplodar

Teplodar - model “Vertical” (increased long-term burning mode gives 8 hours of heating without adding fuel), “Pechurka” is equipped hob with removable rings, “Top Model” and “Matrix” can act as a fireplace due to the fireproof glass in the doors, from where the flames are visible. The T-80 model can be equipped with a smoke exhaust.

The stoves of this manufacturer are designed to heat houses with an area of ​​80-300 m3, and the cost is scattered within 10-25 thousand rubles.

Ephel and Bayard

Efel is a Belgian manufacturer that leads the European technology market home heating. Thus, the “Harmony” model has a power of 12.5 kW and runs on wood and coal with a burning duration of 10 hours. That is, the oven can work all night.

The cost of such a stove is high - from 130 thousand rubles. Bayard 12 is a classic model with a hob and minimal gas emissions (0.28%). Its price is approximately 110 thousand rubles.

Another reliable company is Ecofireplace. It produces stoves that combine quality, safety and beauty. High-quality steel is used, and the facade is finished with tiles - this is aesthetically pleasing.

Thus, the “Bavaria Arch” model with cast iron grate and heat-resistant glass on the doors provides an overview of the flame. This wall oven has economical consumption fuel (usually firewood), glass self-cleaning mechanism. Such models cost about 40 thousand rubles.

The Bavaria Baroque model with a cast iron hob and a 6 mm thick fireproof steel body provides an efficiency of 78%.

The Meta company produces wood-burning stoves that are maximally adapted to the Russian climate. All models have a hob with durable cast iron burners, are compact and safe.

Thus, the series “Narva” with ceramic cladding and fireproof paint on top metal case equipped with ash pits, firewood, glass combustion door. Its power is 6 kW and is capable of heating a house or cottage of 60 m2. Its price in the budget segment is 20 thousand rubles. "Meta Gnome-2" is the most compact model from the Meta manufacturer. Its dimensions are 363*502*640 mm and weighs 38 kg, and its power is 5 kW, which is suitable for heating a room of 50 m2.

Finally, the Termofor company. Small-sized models for dachas and outbuildings “Selenga”, “Pichuga”, “Student”, “Avoska”, “Cinderella” are known here, which are easily portable, as well as models for heating the house - “Turbo”, “Normal”, air-heating models – “Associate Professor”, “Professor”, “Butakov”.

The latest options are very large and are permanently mounted. Prices range from 10-50 thousand rubles. Reviews about "Selenga" are very good: it is beautiful model in oriental style, which saves fuel well and can heat a house of 85 m2.

A homemade metal stove is perfect for heating a greenhouse, garage, work space, and even a living room. To assemble the unit in question, you can use sheets of metal, barrels, pipes and even fire extinguishers of a suitable size. The procedure for making the stove remains the same. The differences are only present in initial stages corps preparation.

Advantages of a homemade metal stove

A homemade metal stove has a number of advantages over brick heating units. Among the main advantages of the structures under consideration, it is necessary to highlight the simplicity of their design and the availability of raw materials.

Making a simple metal stove will not take much time - there are usually no difficulties in finding (purchasing) metal sheets or iron containers of a suitable size.

Setting up a metal furnace will require many times less financial investments compared to the construction of a brick heating unit. At the same time, a metal stove does not take up much space and heats up very quickly during operation.

Metal stoves weigh much less than their brick counterparts, which eliminates the need for a strong foundation. For additional increase heating efficiency, a screen made of heat-resistant brick can be laid around a metal heating unit.

Main design features

A standard metal furnace consists of the following main elements:

Equip on top of the stove firebox. Install the tank at the minimum possible distance from the firebox. Typically, one part of the tank is installed on supports, the other on the furnace firebox. Make racks from materials that are suitable and convenient for you. The main thing is that they are strong and securely fastened as much as possible.

An option is often used in which a smoke exhaust pipe is passed through a water tank, heating the liquid. However, in this case, all welding work must be performed to the highest possible quality. Any gaps will cause the tank to leak. As a result, water will enter the firebox and extinguish the fire.

If you wish, you can independently make changes to the design of the furnace by placing additional elements at your own discretion.

Weld strong metal legs. Installation of such units, as a rule, is carried out on special flood sheets.

Place a fireclay brick screen around the stove. It is also recommended to line the section of the smoke exhaust pipe before exiting the street with bricks.

Where the pipe crosses the materials of the house, lay fire-resistant material, for example, based on asbestos. This will provide adequate protection for materials from fire.

The section of the chimney passing through the attic should not have valves, views or other similar elements.

The length of the horizontal sections of the smoke exhaust pipe should not exceed 100 cm.

Metal stoves are installed in accordance with the provisions and rules of current regulatory documents.

If the walls of the building are made of wood, the distance between them and the stove should be at least 50-100 cm. If you plaster or protect it with a thick metal sheet, the specified distance can be reduced to 20-30 cm.

The firebox and chimney of the stove should be at a minimum distance.

Lightweight stoves can be installed without a foundation, on a dense metal sheet. Relatively heavy units require an individual base made of concrete or brick. Recommended height – up to 200 mm.

Now you have the information necessary to make your own metal stove. Follow the instructions provided and the finished heating unit will be long years effectively cope with the tasks assigned to him.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself metal oven

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Do-it-yourself metal stove will become an indispensable assistant owners of greenhouses, garages, work spaces, and in some cases, living rooms. To assemble such a unit, you will need to prepare the necessary tools and materials, have some free time and step-by-step assembly instructions.

A metal stove, assembled with your own hands from available tools, should consist of:

• fireboxes;
• blower;
• containers for stones (for use in baths);
• tank for cold water;
• grate;
• firebox doors;
• ash doors;
• valves for pipes.

You can make a stove with your own hands from iron sheets, barrels, pipes and even fire extinguishers.

Attention: the use of ready-made containers will significantly reduce the time of welding work.

Before you begin the work process, check the metal for corrosion and other flaws. If defects are found, apply patches. When choosing a material for the manufacture of a durable and reliable structure, pay attention to its technical characteristics. It is recommended to make the stove from:

• ordinary steel;
• heat-resistant steel;
• cast iron;
• surrogates.

Most often you can find products made from ready-made containers. These include aluminum milk cans and fire extinguishers. Products made from ordinary steel are highly durable. Choose metal whose thickness is about 4 mm. Structures made of heat-resistant steel vary in thickness from 1.5 to 3 mm. Their advantages include: low weight, high efficiency, long service life.

They can be purchased ready-made or made yourself. Cast iron products have a thickness from 6 to 25 mm. They are quite heavy in weight, but have good thermal conductivity qualities. The operational and technical characteristics of the product directly depend on the selected metal. With proper product design, knowing the characteristics of the material and having good drawings at hand, you can build a furnace with a high efficiency rate.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of metal furnaces include:

• possibility of manufacturing on your own;
• strength and reliability of the structure;
• mobility;
• ease of use;
• possibility of transportation if necessary;
• resistance to mechanical damage.

Attention: in order for a metal furnace to be as efficient as possible, its efficiency must be at least 70%.

It is known that metal is a strong, durable and reliable material. It can be drilled, sawed and cut with any available tools. Therefore, by making the design yourself, you can give the stove any shape and design. There is no need to make a foundation for it; installation simply involves venting the chimney into the smoke duct of the room. Such a unit will heat up quite quickly and warm the room well.

TO positive characteristics metal can also be attributed to resistance to negative factors. Such structures do not rot or rust when correct operation and are not deformed.

As for the disadvantages, metal products do not release heat into the air when cooling, therefore, they must be constantly heated. Most main drawback metal furnaces - their heating. When fired, the product becomes hot, creating a fire hazard. The service life of such products with regular use is no more than 20 years.

How to make a stove with your own hands

Having decided to assemble the stove yourself, opt for a metal pipe. Its diameter must be at least 50 cm. To achieve good results Maximum precision and care must be taken. Attention: even the slightest errors in the manufacture of the stove can lead to serious consequences. For example, an ill-designed chimney will begin to smoke the room, and poorly performed welding work will cause leaks in the water tank.

The process of making a furnace from metal pipe c: preparation of materials. Take a pipe with a diameter of more than 50 cm and a wall thickness of at least 10 mm. To manufacture the entire structure, no more than 1.5 meters of pipe will be required.

Further actions:

1. You will need to cut the pipe into two parts. The length of one part should be 90 cm, and the second - 60. The first part will be used to make a stove, and the second - a water tank.
2. The next step is to cut a hole in the pipe for the vent and firebox. Doors will be made from the cut pieces.
3. Let's move on to installing the grates.
4. The grate bars must be made from reinforcement in advance. The grate is attached taking into account how you will load fuel in the future.

Important: lugs must be welded to the grate to secure it.

• At the back of the top of the firebox we make a hole for the chimney.
• We weld a horizontal pipe to the hole to connect the main part of the entire chimney structure.

Important: a collapsible chimney is more practical and easier to clean. The length of the chimney pipe must be at least 4-5 meters.

If you will use the product in a bathhouse, install a water tank and heater:

1. The heater is equipped with a stove firebox on top.
2. The tank is installed at a short distance from the firebox. One part of it is installed on supports, the second - on the furnace firebox.
3. The water tank is equipped with a tap.
4. The legs must be welded to the bottom of the structure. They must be strong and stable.
5. Around the stove, in case of stationary operation, lay out a screen made of competent brick.

Important: the section of the chimney that will pass through the attic should not have valves.

It’s worth noting right away that lightweight products can be installed on metal sheets, while heavy ones will require a small base made of brick or concrete. Its recommended height is 20 cm. Following the above step by step instructions, you can build on your own a reliable unit for heating the room, which will serve you for many years and will delight you with both high technical characteristics and ease of use.

The article discusses a simple option for making a metal furnace. Depending on your wishes and preferences, you can make some adjustments by equipping the product with additional elements.

Materials, tools, drawings and diagrams

• Household heating and cooking stoves are made of metal. By type they are divided into:
• channel;
• chamber;
• bell-shaped

A potbelly stove can be classified as a chamber stove. This is the most common and efficient model, which consumes a lot of fuel and gives off little heat. Such designs can often be found in garages and workshops. Channel furnaces have a fairly high efficiency - up to 80%. With their help, you can warm up any room in a fairly short time.

With proper design, Furnace efficiency long-term combustion reaches 80%. When making it, it is worth considering that:

• they work on any fuel;
• wet fuel cannot be used for them;
• It is not recommended to add new fuel until the fuel has completely burned out.

No one has particularly studied the efficiency of pyrolysis structures. What is known is that such models consume from 1.5 to 2 liters of fuel per hour.

Step-by-step instruction

If you want to make a metal stove with your own hands, you will need to prepare:

• drawing of the future product;
• welding equipment;
• sheet metal with a thickness of at least 4 mm;
• steel corners;
• grinder with cutting wheel;
• hammer;
• roulette;
• marker and pencil;
• arc welding and electrodes;
• reinforcement 8 mm.

Don't forget to choose the correct chimney diameter.

The manufacturing instructions are as follows:

1. We assemble the body of the structure from sheet steel, welding rectangular sheets butt to butt.
2. Using a grinder, cut 5 rectangles according to the drawing.
3. We weld the sides to the bottom. We check the product for evenness and accuracy.
4. We weld the back wall to the bottom and sides. From the inside, we mark the side walls into zones of the firebox, ash pan and chimney.
5. We weld the corners along the entire length at a height of 10 cm from the bottom. The grate will be located here.
6. Let's move on to making grates. This will require cuttings. water pipe with a diameter of 2 cm. The pipe can be replaced by metal rods of 2 cm.
7. We place the tubes on the rods and weld them.
8. Next, we weld two pieces of reinforcement at the top of the product for mounting the reflector.
9. We burn holes in the lid for the chimney.
10. We weld the lid to the oven.
11. Making door handles from metal plates or from pipe scraps.
12. Let's start making the legs on which the stove will stand.
13. We are building a chimney. To do this, take a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm and lead its end out into the street through a hole in the wall.
14. We make a rotary damper at the bottom of the chimney.
15. We install the stove in its place and test it.

Important: the grate must be removable. Periodically it will have to be removed and cleaned.

This is simple process making your own simple potbelly stove, which will become an indispensable assistant in everyday life during the cold season. You can decorate the product using fireclay plates, decorative metal plates, or paint it with heat-resistant paint.

Making a metal stove with your own hands is a completely achievable task. The main thing is to stock up on detailed drawings, tools, materials, a little construction experience and free time.

A modern radiator is not always suitable for a private home or cottage, so the best option is metal stoves that you can make yourself. They are small heating equipment that runs on wood.

Making heating systems is not difficult, unlike building a brick kiln, which requires certain skills. You just need to decide on the type of structure to be installed on a wooden floor, consult with a specialist, and also meet some requirements:

• Ability to work with certain tools.
• Understand and read the drawings correctly, since the installation takes place on the basis of the developed diagram. Otherwise, it will simply not be possible to manufacture a heating unit.
• Follow the sequential manufacturing steps.
• Follow safety rules.
• Be able to perform cooking work.

There are several common wood stove designs. Some are effective, others are economical. Let's look at how you can make homemade metal stoves.

Wood stove

This heating design for the garden and at home is the simplest. If necessary, you can prepare a place for a cauldron on the unit. For assembly you will need metal sheets whose thickness exceeds 4 millimeters. This is necessary so that the walls are able to withstand high temperatures. Therefore, the service life depends on the thickness of the metal. heating equipment.

For the pipe you need to prepare a pipe with a diameter of 10 centimeters. You also need to purchase or make your own special grate for firewood. Installation of the structure on a wooden floor is only possible if there are iron corners that will act as reliable legs. Before assembly, you need to find or independently prepare drawings with all the necessary dimensions. You also need to decide on the power of the stove for your garden or country house. You need to mark the sheets of metal and cut out blanks from them, according to the diagram, with your own hands using a grinder. The entire heating system consists of the following parts:

• Three pairs should be cut from the prepared sheet of metal: the top cover and bottom of the unit, the ends, and the side walls.
• At a short distance from the edge of the lid, you need to make a special hole to connect the pipe. It should be about 2.5 centimeters long and 10 centimeters wide. To ensure tightness, it is necessary to carefully carry out the cooking work so that the seam is continuous.
• Legs up to 15 centimeters long are welded at the corners of the bottom so that the wood-burning structure can be placed on a wooden or concrete floor.
• On one side of the end wall you need to prepare a hole for the door, and a little lower for the blower.
• WITH inside Small corners are welded to the walls, which are designed to support the grille.

When all the parts are ready, it is necessary to begin assembling the structure on the floor for a summer house and a private house. It is imperative to follow the sequence of connecting the workpieces. The firewood grate is installed before the cover is attached. The door is installed last. If you prepare the drawings correctly and assemble the elements step by step, installation will not take much time.

Long burning device

This heating design is unique and effective for a private home. Such heating structures can be installed on a wooden floor. If necessary, you can prepare a place for a cauldron. A wood stove is very economical, since one stove heats the house for a whole day. This is explained by the fact that there is a low concentration of oxygen inside the structure, as a result of which the firewood warms up more slowly, while effectively heating the room.

To assemble the stove with your own hands, you must be able to perform cooking work, as well as prepare following materials:

• A pipe with a diameter of 50 centimeters. For a cottage or country house suitable for home round container.
• Pipe for a pipe with a diameter of 10 centimeters.
• Channel.
• Metal sheets with a thickness of 4 millimeters.

First, you need to cut the pipe or round barrel. After this, you need to cut three circles from a sheet of metal: for the bottom, the lid and the press (with a smaller diameter). In the last circle, you must immediately make a hole with a diameter of 10 centimeters, to which a pipe up to 40 centimeters long is welded to supply fresh air. Then you need to carry out cooking work and attach channels to the pancake. During the fuel combustion process, the press will slowly lower.

At the next stage, you need to weld the floor and make two holes on the side for the vent and door. In the upper part on the side you need to make a hole for the pipe, up to 30 centimeters long. You need to put a grate inside.

After this, the heating system is installed on the wooden floor of the room (cottage or house). The wood-burning stove must be placed vertically and the prepared press must be inserted into it in front of the grate, after which a lid should be placed in the center of which there should be a hole for the pipe welded to the press. The lid is then welded to the base. At the final stage, the blower and door are installed. The heating system is ready for operation.

The principle of operation of a wood-burning stove

It is possible to install the structure directly on a wooden floor. To lay firewood, you need to lift the press as much as possible by the pipe. Therefore, it will be difficult to make a bookmark with your own hands; an assistant is needed. The logs need to be stacked tightly to achieve a low concentration of oxygen, as a result of which the firewood will burn longer, which is very important for a summer house and country house. If you set fire to the lower wood, it will gradually move towards the ash pit, and if the upper wood is set on fire, then towards the grate. In any case, the press will slowly lower.

This heating system is a complex design, but it can significantly save wood consumption. If you are not sure that you can assemble it yourself heating system for a country house or cottage, can be purchased ready-made ovens made of metal. Among huge assortment on the modern market you can find a suitable unit, the installation of which on a wooden floor will not cause difficulties.

poluchi-teplo.ru

Every owner of his own dacha dreams of such an important structure as a metal wood-burning stove. This heat source is made for different purposes: for heating a house or creating temperature in a bathhouse or steam room. Metal stoves for wood-burning cottages must, first of all, meet all safety requirements, work with maximum efficiency and use a minimum of fuel. Is it possible to make such a design with your own hands or is it better to give preference to ready-made products?

Metal stoves for wood-burning cottages

Metal stoves for summer cottages – what is important to consider?

Before you start creating a metal furnace, you need to take into account the following points:

• Exploitation. Metal stoves are devices that require constant addition of fuel to release heat. As soon as the supply of fuel, that is, firewood, stops, the temperature in the room begins to drop.
• Heating speed. The advantage of metal is its rapid heating. Immediately after wood burning begins, the material begins to release heat into the room. In this plan metal structure much better than brick kilns.
• Safety. Since metal has the ability to get very hot, it is important to install the structure in a place where no one can accidentally catch it. To enhance the effect, special screens made of non-hot materials are installed.
• Cost of equipment. A metal stove is an excellent budget option that you can either make yourself or purchase in a specialized store.
• Heating area. It is important to learn one rule here - the large size of the structure is not always economical, since for good heat transfer the metal needs a huge amount of firewood. Therefore, it is better to give preference to compact models.

What is better: making a metal stove yourself or purchasing a factory one? There is no definite answer to this question. If you are able to make such a product, you have necessary tools and have the necessary experience, then it’s better to design it yourself. Otherwise, it is recommended to give preference to factory models, which, although different at a high price, but are characterized by quality and excellent external design.

Read also: Universal heating boilers for private homes

Wood-burning metal stoves are not so popular today, since civilization is gradually reaching everyone, even remote areas. But these units have earned their place of honor in all baths, saunas and garages. Firewood is the most economical type of fuel, but if the stove is not built correctly, it will rational use threatened by. Therefore, it is recommended to give preference to long-burning metal wood-burning stoves. What is the principle of their operation? The following points can be highlighted:

1. The process of burning wood takes place by consuming a small amount of oxygen. In other words, the fuel slowly smolders, which allows you to save on firewood consumption and also heat the room. There are also models equipped with an additional firebox, which burns carbon monoxide.
2. Plays an important role correct styling firewood in such a way that there is as little as possible between the elements extra space. What does this give? The denser the wood is stacked, the longer the smoldering process takes. This helps you save a lot of money.
3. Oxygen from the outside is supplied not to the combustion chamber itself, but to the place where the wood is smoldering.

Chimney for metal stove

This product performs an important role - it creates draft and removes all combustion products. What should a high-quality chimney look like? Firstly, it is better to give preference to round chimney models, since rectangular model turbulence is formed, which negatively affects the quality of traction. In addition, round products are much easier to clean. Secondly, an ideal pipe is one in which there are no bends or a minimum number of them. Thirdly, the chimney is installed first, and then the metal stove itself.

So, metal stoves for wood-burning cottages are the best solution for heating small rooms. They are economical, practical and economical. We hope that our advice will help you choose suitable model for your dacha.

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Every home needs a warm “heart”: how to choose and install a metal wood-burning stove

Small cast iron and steel stoves are installed in temporary buildings, dachas, and small rural houses. Large metal heating devices modern design placed in spacious residential buildings and cottages.

Homemade iron stoves are simple, but some craftsmen are able to turn the devices into self-made into real works of art.

Enterprises create dozens of iron stoves, which differ in size, firebox volume, design, appearance and operating modes. When choosing a metal heating device, a number of factors are taken into account:

• region of residence;
• area of ​​the house, number of heated rooms;
• frequency of use of the stove;
• interior design and home owner preferences.

In regions where sub-zero temperatures last up to 5-6 months a year, the requirements for heating devices increase, home owners prefer brick buildings. But if in winter the temperature rarely drops below 10 degrees, a home metal heating device is quite suitable for heating your home.

If the owners permanently reside in the house, the metal stove must support comfortable temperature within several hours after burning one portion of fuel.

The area of ​​the home and the number of heated rooms also influence the choice of device. If the house consists of spacious rooms, choose a large long-burning stove with good heat transfer. For small houses where there is only a kitchen and a couple of rooms, a medium-power unit is sufficient. If the owners appear in the home only from time to time, you can install a small stove that quickly releases heat.

The choice of device is also influenced by the tastes of the owners of the house. There are iron stoves on sale, decorated in high-tech, baroque, and Provence styles.

Photo 1. A very unusual metal stove, designed in the form of a bucket from a Cat tractor.

Specific examples of choice

Choosing a metal stove begins with determining its installation location. The heating unit is placed against a wall protected by heat-resistant material. Some owners place the device right in the middle large kitchen or rooms.

The wall next to the stove gets hot, so it is protected with heat-resistant material. The screen is made of brick, ceramic tiles, bars and tiles from natural stone. The thickness of the screen depends on the degree of heating of the wall.

For a wooden house

For wooden house Wood-burning stoves are more often chosen. To warm up wooden structure You don’t need as much heat as you would for a brick and concrete cottage. Let's consider the choice of a heating and cooking stove for a small log house with an area of ​​up to 50 square meters.

There are hundreds of models of metal stoves on sale from dozens of Russian and foreign factories. Heating and cooking appliances have proven themselves well foreign manufacturers:

• Konig Feuer;
• Trend;
• Olimp;
• Magnum;
• Thorma;
• Alma Mons;
• Efel;
• Ferlux.

The stoves are made of steel and cast iron and have different designs and structures.

The combustion chambers are made of cast iron; in all models, the firebox walls have fireclay, vermiculite or other fire-resistant lining. The vermiculite lining of the firebox allows it to heat up to 1200 degrees, fireclay - up to 1300 degrees. Food is cooked on the cooking surface and in the oven.

There are dozens of reliable and high-quality stoves on sale from Russian manufacturers such as Termofor, Ligov, Teplodar, Ermak. The devices have a steel body and duct fireboxes, which allows you to regulate the temperature and consumption of firewood. In many stoves, in addition to the cooking floor, an oven is installed.

All devices have an ash pit covered with a grate and throttles for regulating the air supply. The doors are solid or with a window made of fire-resistant glass.

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For a country house

For country houses and cottages, compact stoves are often chosen. These structures allow you to quickly warm up small rooms and maintain an acceptable temperature for 2-3 hours. If there are no problems with electricity in the village, it is enough to purchase a stove designed only for heating the room.

Photo 2. Stove model “Buleryan”. Hot air passes through curved tubes and the heat lasts longer.

There are compact heating and cooking devices on sale. If the unit is needed solely for heating, small stoves of the “Buleryan”, “Cinderella”, “Vesuvius”, “Student”, “Engineer” models are suitable.

Reference. Enterprises, as a rule, produce dozens of stoves with same name, but with a different digital code. Among them there are cooking and cooking-heating appliances.

Schemes of iron wood stoves

There are chamber, channel, pyrolysis stoves and long-burning stoves. They differ in heat transfer, gas circulation, combustion modes, and type of fuel.

Chamber design

It consists of a steel or cast iron body, which has one combustion chamber. To load firewood, the housing has a hatch with a door.

A grate is installed in the lower part of the furnace; under it there is an ash pan (ash pit) and a door for removing ash. In the upper part of the casing (top or side) there is a round or square hole For chimney.

Channel device

The stove consists of a steel or cast iron body, which contains a firebox, grate, ash pan and door. Inside the firebox there are horizontal channel partitions (from 1 to 3), forming an afterburning chamber. Air enters it through the gaps in the burners or through the regulator (throttle). The chamber creates an obstacle to the direct discharge of gases into the pipe; air and gases circulate inside the chamber, are burned and give off heat.

Reference. Most iron heating and cooking devices are ducted.

Output furnace gases down the chimney horizontal pipe. Depending on the throttle adjustment, the stove operates in two modes: long and flaming combustion.

Long burning stoves

Such devices give off heat for up to 6-10 hours. After the firewood has ignited, the chamber is filled with fuel two-thirds and limited air flow. Smoldering occurs in top layer fuel, for complete decomposition of wood, air is supplied through the regulator. The regulator is located in the upper or middle part of the furnace body. Complete combustion takes place under the vault.

Photo 3. Three models of long-burning stoves from the Termofor manufacturer. The design is the same, only the color of the coating is different.

Making an iron home stove with your own hands

When making a home iron stove great importance has a choice of materials. It is better to take a proven circuit as a sample heating device. Let's consider the process of manufacturing a small duct heating and cooking stove for a country house.

Selection of materials

Home craftsmen often use cast iron as a material. Cast iron plates are well welded by arc welding; this metal is durable and reliable, heats up quickly and can withstand overheating.

Important! Cast iron cannot withstand sudden temperature changes and cracks from splashes of cold water.

If the furnace does not overheat to red heat, ordinary steel 8 mm thick is suitable for the body. This metal will last a long time if it is not subjected to frequent heating to temperatures above 600 degrees.

Factory stoves with a steel body up to 1.5-3 mm thick are made of heat-resistant steel, which is cooked using complex technology that is not available at home.

At arc welding heat-resistant steel becomes brittle. The problem will be solved by connecting the parts with rivets.

To make fastenings for the door, latch and handle, a steel bar with a diameter of 8-10 mm and sheet steel 3 mm thick are suitable.

Preparing tools and equipment

For work you will need welding machine, electrodes, plasma cutter, hammer, grinder with a set of discs, metal pencil, metal tape measure and ruler, piece of chalk. Work is carried out on a table made of non-flammable material or on steel trestles.

Place to build a home oven

The choice of an iron stove is often limited by its weight, since building a foundation is a long and expensive process. Without a foundation, only a small appliance can be installed on a wooden floor.

A sheet of flat slate, asbestos cardboard, ceramic tiles, a layer of brick, and other fire-resistant material are placed on the floor.

Iron stoves weighing 300-400 kilograms or more are installed only on a foundation that is not connected to floor boards and joists.

The most reliable and durable option is a solid foundation made of concrete reinforced with steel lattice. A layer is placed on the concrete ceramic bricks using clay-sand mortar, or natural stone slabs.

Important! It is allowed to install a metal stove only on a level base. The correctness of its laying is checked using a building level.

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Step-by-step manufacturing instructions

Before starting work, prepare materials, equipment, a work table or sawhorses. The process of creating a furnace consists of the following steps:

• A steel sheet is placed on the table (or floor) and markings are made on it with a steel pencil.
• The parts are signed with chalk indicating the dimensions.
• The parts are cut out with a plasma cutter.
• A round hole for the pipe and a burner hole are cut out in the parts.
• On the plate, which will be welded to the front of the device, a portal is cut out for the combustion door and the blower door.
• Grate holes are drilled in the plate separating the ash pan.

• The parts are welded together according to the design. Plates forming channels and a grate plate are welded inside the furnace.
• A piece of steel pipe is welded to the hole for the chimney.
• Stands made of steel angle profiles are welded to the bottom of the furnace.
• The holders of the hinges of the combustion door and the blower door, elements of latches and handles are welded to the furnace portal.
• Place the doors on the hinges.
• The surface of the device is cleaned from scale, metal splashes, ground and polished.
• The final finishing of the stove surface is carried out: hot or cold bluing, painting with heat-resistant enamel.

Possible problems and difficulties

For amateur craftsmen, the quality of welding often becomes a problem. In this case, you should seek help from professionals.

Calculating the weight of the stove is also difficult. If the structure turns out to be heavy, you will have to take care of building a foundation.

For stove owners, heating the ceiling becomes an unexpected problem. In this case, a layer of material with low thermal conductivity is attached to it.

A video that at an accelerated pace demonstrates the entire process of manufacturing a long-burning stove: from an empty pipe to the finished product.

In front of the combustion door, a steel sheet is attached to self-tapping screws, under which a layer of asbestos is placed, or ceramic tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant glue, leaving no gaps.

To avoid getting into the house carbon monoxide, the valves are never completely closed until the end of the combustion process. You cannot use gasoline, acetone, diesel fuel, or alcohol-containing liquids for kindling, since when they ignite, the fire spreads to the room. In factory furnaces, only those materials specified by the manufacturer are used as fuel.

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Review of metal heating stoves

In our age high technology and new technical solutions, the concepts of many traditional heating devices that have come to us from the past are being revised. These changes also affected wood-burning stoves. It would seem like a simple product made of brick or metal, what else can you come up with? It turned out that it is possible. The “potbelly stoves” that are familiar to us have especially changed, both externally and internally. Now it's modern heating stoves on wood, which are very popular due to their low cost.

Metal furnaces

Steel Wood Stove Upgrades

Homemade “potbelly stoves” can now only be found in someone’s garage or in another utility room. These are the same simple stoves direct combustion burned wood at a terrible speed, throwing out the main amount of heat into the chimney. For this reason, people using “potbelly stoves” tried to make the horizontal section of the chimney pipe as long as possible, passing it through the entire room. The goal is to take away maximum heat from combustion products that fly out of a wood-burning stove at a temperature of 400-500ºC.

Nowadays, every modern stove for heating a private home bears little resemblance to a “potbelly stove”, as it is equipped with decorative protective casing with air holes, or the combustion chamber body is surrounded by air duct pipes. There are reasons for this, the first is that the high surface temperature makes the heater dangerous for residential premises, where there are always people and children who can accidentally get burned. In addition, a hot metal surface produces a powerful heat flux that exceeds the norm. The casing receives hard radiation and, heating up, transfers heat to the air of the room.

Due to the introduction of new technical solutions, the designs of wood stoves have also changed. Briefly, the changes are as follows:

• The supply of fresh combustion air into the firebox has become adjustable.
• Several partitions are installed above the combustion chamber, which is why flue gases can no longer fly straight into the chimney. First, they give up their heat, making several moves inside the heater and going around these partitions.
• To increase the service life of their products, many manufacturers line fireboxes steel furnaces refractory brick.
• Afterburning of the released pyrolysis gases is organized.
• The hob is made of steel or cast iron.
• Some models have heat exchangers installed to heat water for domestic hot water needs.
• Implemented innovative solution– a simple wood stove generates electricity.

Overview of types of stoves

On this moment There are 2 main types of heating wood-burning stoves made of metal:

• classic, direct combustion;
• long-burning heating devices.

In devices of the first type, fuel no longer burns as quickly as in a “potbelly stove”, since access to fresh air is limited, and the gases intensively give off heat metal walls. An example would be a wood-burning steel stove for a bathhouse.

The red arrows in the diagram show flue gases making an additional move before escaping into the chimney channel. As a result, their outlet temperature rarely reaches 200ºС, and in some units you can even touch the pipe with your hand directly during operation. This suggests that the bulk of the thermal energy released when burning solid fuels remains indoors, and the efficiency of the heaters reaches 70%.

As in modern pyrolysis heating boilers with a water circuit, in some models of stoves slow burning of wood is organized with insufficient oxygen. As a result, pyrolysis gas is formed, which is burned using a point supply of air to the upper zone of the combustion chamber. Shown below is a wood burning gas stove.

An injector is located in the upper zone of the combustion chamber, which ensures the supply of secondary air, as a result of which the pipes - air ducts are evenly heated from top to bottom. Air enters them through the lower openings, passes through curved pipes, heats up in the firebox, and exits into the space of the room. At the same time, wood combustion occurs slowly; one load can last for 6-8 hours. continuous operation. Accordingly, the requirements for fuel quality are quite high; firewood can be used with a moisture content of no higher than 25%, otherwise the pyrolysis process will not take place.

In fact, modernized steel furnaces are not much different from boilers in their design and additional functions. The only difference is that the stove uses the phenomenon of convection to heat rooms, heating air rather than water. Nevertheless, a wood heating stove with a water circuit has already appeared, which can be connected to the hot water supply system or to organize small water heating at home.

This is not a traditional water jacket, as in boilers; here the water in the tank is heated from back wall combustion chambers. In addition, at the top of the product there is a hob for cooking. For more complete heat transfer, a partition is installed under the hob and flue gases you have to go around it, making a second additional move.

Newly developed steel furnaces

Deserves special attention a unit that, like a bell-type heating stove for a brick cottage, uses the principle of free convective movement of flue gases through channels, right up to the chimney itself.

Steel bell furnace

This oven is more efficient than its “brothers”; instead of a hob, it has an open-type oven located directly above the hood. Even if the firebox is extinguished, food left in the oven niche will not cool down for a long time. Well, the door of the main firebox, through which firewood is loaded, opens to 140º and is equipped with large fireproof glass and resembles a heating fireplace.

The line of portable direct combustion units is of considerable interest Russian manufacturer TERMOFOR. One of them is the small-sized wood-burning heating and cooking stove Cinderella. With its modest dimensions of 465 x 300 x 460 mm and a weight of 27 kg, it has thermal power 4 kW and can heat a room up to 50 m2. This heater can safely be considered portable and can be used in almost any conditions, although its remarkable appearance allows the stove to be placed in a residential building.

Cinderella oven

Other original product from the same line - a wood-burning heating and cooking stove Indigirka. If you have never charged your cellular telephone from a wood stove, then Indigirka will help you. It has a built-in block - an electricity generator, which literally immediately after kindling produces a voltage of 12 V and has a power of up to 75 W.

Oven Indigidka

Thanks to their updates, once simple wood-burning stoves for a summer house or garage have turned into serious heating units used to heat residential and any other premises. At the same time, they remained very attractive due to their low cost and small volume. installation work on their installation.