Sewer well: structure and installation features. Do-it-yourself installation of a sewer well from concrete rings Installation of sewer pipes and drains into a well

A sewer well is a necessary component external sewerage in system country house. Its design must fully comply with all the requirements of SNiP and GOST, even with self-installation equipment without the involvement of professionals. For the quality functioning of the entire system, the installation of sewer wells is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85, which is called “Sewerage. External networks and structures."

Requirements for the sewerage device

In accordance with the design documentation, all system components are installed in precisely designated locations on the site in front of country house. The rules of SNiP and GOST impose certain requirements not only on the stages of work, but also on the materials used. The sewer system includes not only a drain tank. Work planning is carried out according to norms and rules, violation of which is monitored by special regulatory authorities.

To create external sewerage use various systems, in accordance with which installation is carried out:

Layout of a sewer well according to SNiP requirements

• General alloy. Here all drains are combined into one network. This includes the collector.
• Semi-separate alloy, when wastewater from the farm and sediments are drained separately, but accumulate in one well.
• Separate. In this case, the natural foundation and wastewater are collected in different collectors.

The design of each system requires taking into account the soil characteristics on the site and the installation of the pipeline is carried out according to all rules with precise calculation slope The requirements are listed in SNiP 2.04.03-85.

The slightest change in the angle of inclination of the pipes during the installation of the pipeline can lead to its clogging and the need to dismantle or replace individual components of the sewer system.

Slope Design

The slope angle is calculated at the project development stage. The design of the sewerage system requires strict adherence to the parameters specified in the documentation. Too much slope to provide high speed flow of liquid that will not allow the removal of solid components. A slight slope is the reason for rapid clogging of the system due to stagnation of sewage.

In accordance with GOST, the optimal speed of liquid movement through the pipeline should be from 0.7 to 1 meter per second. In accordance with State standard and SNiP established standards according to which the system is installed, the installation of sewer wells is installed and the slope angle is established:

• for pipes with a diameter of 11 cm - 2 cm/p. m.;
• with a pipe diameter of 16 cm - 0.8 cm/p. m.

Education cannot be allowed reverse slope by doing installation work. Not only the pipes themselves, but also all components used in assembling the system must comply with sanitary standards.

Features of the system in private households

In accordance with SNiP and GOST, the installation of sewer wells in the area adjacent to a private house is impossible without the construction of inspection collectors. Such a structure is necessary to control the movement of sewage through the pipeline system and clean the pipes if necessary. This procedure, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP sewer wells, is carried out quarterly.

It is mandatory to install inspection manifolds, the distance between which depends on the length of the pipeline and the diameter installed pipes:

• With a pipe diameter of 15 cm, each subsequent collector should be located at a distance of 30 to 40 meters from the previous one.
• If the system is installed using pipes with a diameter of 20 cm, then the distance to the collector will be at least 50 m.

According to the requirements of SNiP and GOST, the installation of inspection wells must be carried out at pipeline turns, at pipe junctions and where branches from the main pipe are created.

Construction of sewer wells in accordance with SNiP and GOST is possible by selecting the appropriate components. Since collections can be made not only of stone, but also of plastic, it is necessary to be very careful when choosing and purchasing components.

Calculation features

In accordance with existing standards and requirements of SNiP and GOST, the constituent elements without which it is impossible high-quality installation sewer wells can be reinforced concrete and polymer. The choice depends on the characteristics of the collector itself, and the basic requirements are described in the accompanying instructions.

The installation of sewer wells will take place as quickly and efficiently as possible, in strict accordance with GOST and SNiP, if the installation specialists pay attention to the permitted options for combining structural elements and are able to comply with all the dimensions specified in the documentation.

The volume that the inspection and sewer well will have can be calculated by knowing its depth and diameter, and these parameters must strictly comply with SNiP:

• 15 cm with a pipe diameter of 0.7 cm;
• 1 m – 60 cm;
• 1.5 m – 150 cm;
• more than 1.5 m with a pipe diameter and well depth of more than 3 m.

The construction of sewer wells begins with excavation work. They include site preparation, marking, and digging a pit.

Preparatory work

Before you begin marking and creating a pit for sewer collectors, you need to choose the right location and prepare the site for the work. First of all, they get rid of excess vegetation in the area where the system will be installed. Uproot trees and large shrubs, remove fertile layer land. You may have to get rid of some outbuildings, freeing up the territory for the future foundation pit.

The next stage of the work is marking the site, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST and SNiP:

• accurately measure the distance between inspection manifolds;
• determine the natural slope of the soil;
• pipes and other components are laid out on the surface.

When starting to dig a pit, they prepare a site for collecting the excavated soil and prepare equipment for its removal or distribution throughout the site. According to project documentation, determine the depth of the future pit, and after it has been dug, clean the bottom of the pit and once again check the project data with the result of the work performed.

The collector design requires waterproofing at the bottom finished pit, if the well is built of stone. As waterproofing materials use roofing felt. Now you can start digging trenches for the pipeline.

The depth of the trench depends on the freezing point of the soil. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85, to create this design, products made of metals or polymer materials that can resist corrosion are used.

First stage

Before installation of the structure begins, metal pipes are treated protective compounds to extend their service life. Corrugated pipes made of polyethylene have a smooth inner surface, due to their design features, they are able to withstand significant soil pressure, and therefore are in high demand and extremely popular.

After preparing the bottom of the pit, a decision is made on the concreting method. The quality of the base depends on the characteristics of the tank itself and the material:

• Device drainage well requires concreting around the perimeter of the tank.
• The bottom of the storage collector is concreted according to the principle of creating a monolithic foundation.
• Preparatory work includes filling the base of the well with gravel and crushed stone to a height of at least 1 m.

The same applies to the tightness of the collector. Storage tanks are coated on the outside with a thick layer of bitumen or clay, and drainage installations require the use of perforated rings.

Performing installation

Installation of a sewer collector begins with the installation of a concrete pad. For this purpose you will need cement grade M500, sand and crushed stone of the middle fraction. Concrete is poured depending on the type of well being constructed. The features that distinguish the installation are described above.

The installation of a sewer well requires high-quality processing ends of the pipeline with bitumen, but in some cases concrete is successfully used for these purposes. The next stage is the installation of rings made of concrete:

• It's important to keep track of the right choice products, checking the diameter of each of the installed rings.
• Installation is carried out using special equipment to achieve maximum accuracy, high-quality and reliable fixation.
• The joints between the rings should be treated with concrete or bitumen mastic to create a sealed structure.

Now it's time to lay the pipeline and check the quality of connections at various nodes. After making sure that the fixation is secure, you can begin checking the tank itself, backfilling its walls, and installing the lid. All these actions are necessary if the sewer is constructed of stone or brick, but modern manufacturers offer consumers high-quality, reliable and durable plastic wells.

Plastic products fully comply with all established standards and requirements of SNiP, sanitary standards am. They are much easier to install, do not require as much excavation work, and even those who are doing this for the first time can connect a pipeline to such a well. In addition, pipes made of any material can be connected. According to most experts, plastic wells are optimal solution when arranging sewerage in a suburban area.

Video: Sewerage for a private house

An important stage in the arrangement of an autonomous sewer network for a private household is the installation of sewer wells. At the same time, the design of sewer wells is quite simple, which allows you to build them yourself, with minimal involvement of labor and equipment.

So if you decide to lay the sewer yourself, carefully read the recommendations below.

Such different wells

Depending on the purpose and design features, highlight following types sewer wells:

Observation– provide access to sewer system with enough long length pipeline. According to sanitary standards, the inspection well should be located no further than 12 m from the foundation of the building, and the distance between inspection-type sewer wells on the same pipeline should not exceed 15 m.

Construction of a sewer well

As noted above, the installation technology is quite simple for independent mastering.

Installation work is performed in the following sequence:

When the base of the well is ready, we begin to build the body main camera. To make the well body, you can use brick, broken stone or standard reinforced concrete rings. Important characteristic the chamber of the well is its tightness - therefore we seal the finished body from the inside with bitumen, or coat it cement mortar joints between reinforced concrete rings.


From the outside, you can further seal the well by coating the chamber with a thick layer of clay or bitumen.

Note!

For filtration wells, tightness is not so important. Moreover, holes are specially made in the lower part of the filtration well chamber to facilitate drainage. Also, for this purpose, you can leave gaps in the masonry (if the chamber is built from brick or stone) or use special, perforated reinforced concrete rings for sewer wells.

We mount it in the finished chamber drain pipe, through which sewage will fall into the well. We connect the storage and filtration wells with a special overflow pipe to drain clarified water. In the filtration well, we place a water barrier board under the overflow pipe - it helps avoid erosion of the drainage layer.

We block the sewer well from above concrete slab With ventilation holes(in them we install a ventilation pipe or ventilation duct) and a hole under sewer hatch. Through the hatch, the well is pumped out if necessary, and also provides access to the chamber in cases where repairs to the sewer well are required.

Despite the difference in purpose, the installation of most types of sewer wells is carried out according to a single scheme. And if you master this scheme, then you will understand the details in each specific case(whether it’s installing a rotary well or installing a lower in an overflow structure) will not be difficult for you!

Cesspools are often made from car tires, iron barrels, brick. Through such septic tanks, toxic liquid, teeming with microbes and toxins, enters groundwater, and then into water intake sources and onto the table of the owners themselves. There are special norms and rules that dictate at what distance from housing it is necessary to build a cesspool and how to make the bottom.

Current requirements for the installation of sewer wells

To avoid breathing in sewerage, especially in summer time, the septic tank must be located at a distance of at least 12 meters from the dwelling. If there is a well or well on the site, the septic tank must be located at a distance of 50 meters - at the other end of the yard. It is advisable that neighbors' toilets are also located away from the source of drinking water.

For sealing, a strong mixture is used - a concrete solution, if the septic tank itself is made of brick or made of concrete rings. There is no need to hope that the liquid will stay in the container - through the existing joints it easily gets into the soil, causing it to silt around the septic tank.

In summer, it is advisable to eliminate the smell with biological drugs which are specially produced for outdoor toilets. If water enters the septic tank from chemicals for washing dishes or laundry, it is necessary to select an appropriate preparation with bacteria that are resistant to chemicals.

Sanitary standards must be observed. Otherwise, representatives of regulatory authorities may draw up an act and force the septic tank to be remodeled.

Types of wells

In most cases, a sewer well is made simply: a hole is dug, concrete rings or a plastic container are lowered into it, a pipe is brought in, covered with earth and a lid is placed. There are many types of sewer wells:

• Inspection – linear, rotary, nodal. Their goal is to make it easier to maintain underground sewers. Installed in the most inconvenient places, where the system turns or several pipes converge at one point, or in a straight line every 15 meters.
• Drop wells are installed to change the level of sewerage. Inlet and outlet pipes are located on different heights. Such models also have several varieties.
• Filtration systems are made of perforated concrete rings. There is usually no bottom, since they receive partially treated wastewater.
• Cumulatives collect everything household waste.

Nodal Cumulative Differential Filtering

In order for sewer pipes to last longer and to be able to carry out repairs or clear a blockage at any time, in addition to the storage septic tank, you need to install an inspection shaft into which a person can get in and do the work.

It’s good if household waste is collected in one septic tank, and rainwater to another. It can be used to water the garden in hot weather or simply pumped outside, outside the site. If there is one sewer well, an overflow may occur, and then the foul-smelling liquid will spread throughout the area.

Materials for production

A septic tank can be built from different materials, including stone. Rubber tires don’t count; such a design cannot be called a septic tank. In a year, wastewater will begin to flow out at the joints and poison the environment.

When planning take into account climatic conditions, burial level groundwater, the depth of soil freezing, as well as its characteristics.

The most commonly used are concrete rings and bricks. To build a sewer well from rings, you will need to order a crane and invite helpers. You can make a brick septic tank yourself, but its walls must be completely sealed with concrete to prevent leaks. Construction of a sewer well from concrete rings is optimal combination prices and quality of materials.

As an option - monolithic concrete mortar. To do this, dig a hole and leave the required distance for pouring the solution. This way they strengthen plastic containers from cracking, only the concrete walls are made thinner.

On sale there are solid plastic tanks made of durable polymer material. They are selected by volume, based on the number of people living in the house. You can buy a whole system of nearby tanks so that the liquid is purified naturally: the first well with a closed bottom for settling solid waste, the second with an open one, from where the liquid will be absorbed into the ground. In this case, the composition of the soil is taken into account. An open septic tank is not installed in areas where the main component of the soil is clay.

Precast concrete goods Brick Plastic

General preparatory stages during construction

Professional teams involved in laying autonomous sewerage, first of all they visit the site and inspect it, select the most appropriate place location of the sewer well.

Next, a pipe laying diagram is drawn up, the depth and angle of inclination are calculated. This is important for gravity flow systems. Where it is impossible to meet this requirement, it is necessary to install a pump that will push waste into the septic tank under pressure. At this stage, the price for installing a sewer well and main line is already known.

When the calculations are completed, the marking of the site begins. To do this, use ropes and pegs where trenches for pipes will be made so that the main line is level. The place for the septic tank is calculated with a margin so that the distance between the walls of the pit and the concrete rings can be filled with sand.

Next comes the purchase required quantity materials that builders recommend using - concrete rings or plastic containers, as well as pipes of the required length, plastic inspection shafts, connecting elements.

Installing reinforced concrete rings under the sewer system with your own hands is a difficult task, because the weight of the structure can only be lifted construction crane. Recommended to find technical solution, with the help of which the rings will be installed in the pit.

Installation features

Drainage well installation diagram

Stages of installation of concrete rings:

1. At the marking site, dig a pit with a margin of 15 - 20 cm on the sides.
2. Fill the bottom with crushed stone - approximately 20 cm.
3. It is advisable to seal the bottom with concrete mortar.
4. Connect the tap and install rings depending on the depth of the pit.
5. Lower the ladder and cover the joints with concrete mortar.
6. Connect the pipes and also seal the joint.
7. Fill the gaps between the walls of the pit and the concrete rings with sand or crushed stone.

For concrete structures lids with iron fittings are provided for ease of opening, but you can buy green plastic ones so that they do not stand out against the grass in the summer. Once the concrete has hardened, the object is tested for leaks.

Sewage well - a structure necessary to monitor the operation of the recycling system Wastewater and providing access to it for cleaning and rinsing. The design of these sewerage devices quite simple and allows you to build them on our own, minimally involving outside labor and equipment.

There are several types of sewer wells:

• Observations. They come in three types - rotary, installed in places where pipelines turn, linear - on straight sections, nodal, which are mounted on distributions and nodes.
• Drop wells are installed in places where there is a large difference in the position of the pipes.
• The purpose of filtration or drainage wells is to purify wastewater in layers of sand, crushed stone or pebbles; they can be used for post-treatment of wastewater after a septic tank.
• The storage well is used to collect wastewater.

Installation of sewer wells: basic rules

The sewer well consists of a working chamber, a neck and a hatch.

The installation of wells can be carried out with the expectation that one structure will perform several functions at once.

When installing these devices, the following rules must be observed:

• the first inspection well should be located at a distance not exceeding 12 m from the sewer outlet;
• the inspection well is located at a distance from the house building exceeding 3 m;
• the distance between sewer wells is 15 m from each other.

Drop wells are installed in cases where the terrain does not make it possible to place pipes with the required slope. If the height difference is not very significant, you can do without a drop well, which differs in design from similar devices of another type.

You can make the lowering yourself, for which you will need a cross, an elbow and a pipe.

When connected plastic pipes the elbow can be bent at an angle of 45 0, cast iron - 135 0.

The lowering is connected to the wall of the well with clamps. The cross is mandatory element, because otherwise it will be difficult to clean the sewer well if it is clogged.

Installation of rotary type sewer wells is carried out in areas where the pipeline turns. These structures simultaneously perform two roles - manhole and devices for flushing and cleaning sewers. Rotary trays have a special shape.

Features of the construction of storage sewer wells

The storage well is designed for collection and primary treatment of wastewater. It has a number of features.

The location for the drain well is selected in accordance with existing sanitary and environmental standards. According to these rules, the well must be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the building.

There should be the maximum possible distance between the wastewater well and the water intake point. On clay soils this distance is 20 m, on clayey ones - 50 m.

To install a drain well, select a site that is located below the level of housing construction, at a sufficient distance from the house and the well or borehole. Wells are round or square containers with a concrete bottom. The design of storage devices must be as tight as possible to avoid the release of untreated wastewater into the environment.

Storage wells are cleaned of thick and solid waste using suction pumps.

Sewage well installation technology

To reduce the time required for excavation work, it is advisable to hire an excavator.

After making the pit, a foundation is erected, which is different for storage and drainage wells:

• to construct a storage well, the bottom of the pit is covered with pebbles and then filled with cement mortar,
• The bottom of the drainage well is arranged differently - it is covered with pebbles or gravel to a depth of 500-1000 mm, concreting is carried out along the perimeter of the pit.

After making the bottom of the pit, the body of the main chamber is erected. To make a well, brick, stone, and standard reinforced concrete rings are used.

An important characteristic of the storage well chamber is its tightness, so it is coated with bitumen from the inside, or the joints of reinforced concrete rings are coated with cement mortar.

Many novice craftsmen, when creating an autonomous sewage system, often ask themselves a logical question: how is sewer wells installed? The construction of such a well is quite simple, and anyone can make it, even if he does not have special skills in construction. Our article will highlight the features of this technology as fully as possible.

Material selection

Plastic well and features of its installation

The easiest to install are .

This work will not create great difficulties even for a beginner. It is produced in several simple steps:

1. you need to dig a hole of the right size,
2. build a foundation,
3. install a plastic sewer well
4. connect a waste pipe to it.

However, for the average consumer the cost of such sewage equipment is still quite high, although this type of well is the most environmentally friendly. It is worth noting that over time it completely pays for itself due to a significant increase in the period of sewage removal. On average, sewage from plastic wells must be removed no more than once a year.

Other materials

To build a well, you can use available materials, such as wood (after coating with antiseptics and fire retardants) or old tires, but still products made from such materials will not last long. Moreover, similar design will not be completely sealed.

Pro tip:

In order for your sewer well to provide long-term comfort in your home, you should use only high-quality and specially designed building materials.

Do not doubt that you can build a sewer well with your own hands. Despite the big difference in purpose, most types of such structures need to be installed according to a similar scheme. If you figure it out general scheme, then mastering the specific features of each case specifically will not be difficult.

One of the most common types of sewer wells is those with a diameter of 0.8-1 m. The technology for their installation will be discussed in more detail below. In addition, you can buy such a well assembled, with a top cover and a finished reinforced concrete bottom.

Calculation of well volume and diameter

Before starting work on constructing a sewer well, you need to decide on its overall dimensions. Well intended for home use, as a rule, should be approximately 2-2.5 meters high. First you need to find out the volume of the well in order to obtain the diameter of the rings using the calculation method.

It must be remembered that the volume of the well should be greater than necessary - with a reserve of 1-1.5 months. Calculation example:

1. The volume of the well is calculated using this formula: V=L x 3.14 x R 2.
2. Let's assume that you spend an average of 7 cubic meters of water per month (V), and let's take the height of the future well to be 2 meters (L).
3. Then, the radius of the well R = root of V / 3.14 / L, which will be equal to 1 meter (R = 7 / 3.14 / 2.2 = 1m).
4. Thus, the diameter of the ring should be D = R x 2 = 2 (meters).

Well made of reinforced concrete rings

Requirements for a septic tank made of rings

Construction of a sewer well-septic tank (the simple option) can be accomplished by installing it from ready-made reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 m. When choosing a location on the site where the septic tank will be located, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of sanitary standards. According to them, the septic tank must be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the residential building. Since the same standards require the depth of installation sewer pipes not less than 0.7 m, then to determine the volume of the septic tank it is necessary to take into account that the part of the septic tank capacity lying above this mark will not be in demand.

So, before making a sewer well, you need to understand the features of choosing its location:

• The well must be located so that a sewage disposal truck can easily drive up to it to pump out sewage, that is, convenient access roads must be arranged.
• It is especially important to remove the sewer well as far as possible from drinking well, in case you have the latter in your yard. The distance between these two wells can be at least 30 m according to the standards.
• The distance from the point where the sewer pipe exits from a residential building to the well should be minimal.

• There cannot be any turns in the section between the sewer pipe exiting the house and the well. If, however, this cannot be avoided, then their number should be as small as possible, and the turning angles must be made obtuse, i.e. equal to 120°. In this case, the angle of inclination of the pipe after turning should not decrease.

Having figured out the choice of location, you can proceed directly to studying the installation technology, especially since it is not at all complicated.

Installation of sewer wells from reinforced concrete rings

The technology for installing sewer wells is as follows:

1. When you choose a place where the sewer well will be located, it is worth preparing a plan and agreeing on an estimate for future work.
2. Then you can start earthworks, that is, digging a pit for a sewer well. Its dimensions will depend on the type and purpose of the well, and on the volume of wastewater used.

1. Once you have laid out the foundation pit, you can begin new stage construction work– preparation of the base. This stage also depends on the type of well you have. To build a storage well, considered in our example, it is necessary to fill the bottom with gravel or crushed stone in a layer approximately 15 cm thick. Then this backfill is filled with cement mortar, not forgetting to make a slope towards the hatch.
2. The installation of sewer wells begins with the installation of the first reinforced concrete ring. It is installed on M100 solution. After installation, holes are made in the walls of the ring for pipes, which should enter the ring no more than 100 mm. The hole around the installed pipes must be carefully sealed with mortar.
3. A concrete trench is made along the bottom of the well (from the pipe inlet to the outlet). The cross-section of the gutter corresponds to the diameter of the pipes. To make such a gutter, you can use a piece of sewer pipe of the required length.
4. After you have planted the first reinforced concrete ring, a second one is installed on it. Here you need to ensure that the so-called “locks” are at the same level when looking at the reinforced concrete ring from the inside. After complete installation all rings of the well, we install a cover with a hatch on top, securing it with cement to protect the well from falling rainwater entering it.

1. Installation of a reinforced concrete cover and installation of a hatch. The top of the well must be covered with a concrete slab, it will have a hole for a hatch and a hole for a ventilation pipe. Ventilation is provided through the cover and hatch of the sewer well; they are also necessary for pumping out sewage and to provide access to the well during repairs.
2. When the installation of the sewer well has been completed independently, you need to start laying pipes. The sewer pipe should be laid in the ground at a depth of about 0.7 meters with a slope of 2 cm per 1 meter of route. It is necessary that the pipe insertion into the well is higher: this will prevent loss of volume in the sewer well.

Pro tip:

It must be remembered that the depth of the trench does not need to be made large, since then you will have to add soil, and it tends to sink. As a result, the entire route may lose the required slope. Also remember that it is forbidden to place hard objects under the pipe so as not to damage it.

Some skeptics when advertising modern systems autonomous sewerage may argue that the construction of sewer wells - septic tanks does not correspond to the spirit of the times. The fact is that both for septic tanks and for modern systems it is periodically necessary to use sewage disposal machines. Ground water purification, carried out in filtration fields or a resorption well, leads, in general, to the same result. But the advantage of a reinforced concrete septic tank is that it has a much larger volume compared to modern plastic containers, and this is a serious argument that is very difficult to argue with.