What types of roofs are there? What types of roofs are there by design? Sheet roofing
In modern private construction, there are a great many types of house roofs, and our material will discuss their most popular options. Such important roofing structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.
Tilt angle
First, we suggest you familiarize yourself with what types of roofing there are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:
- Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. The positive aspects here include inexpensive installation and a small number of consumables. On such a structure you can build an open-air terrace, which can also be considered an advantage.
- Pitched, with an inclination angle of 10 degrees and above. Such samples are easy to use, which is why their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation here, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.
Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:
- single-pitched;
- gable steep;
- gable flat;
- gable attic with a broken configuration;
- hipped, semi-hip;
- hipped hipped roofs;
- four-slope hip.
The most convenient to implement include shed roofing structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them in garages, sheds and other outbuildings.
What are the types of roofing? If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical; they can withstand wind loads, but their installation cannot be called simple.
This will require materials in large quantities, and you cannot do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.
In order for the structure to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.
Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics
Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic characteristics of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to a detailed review of the options presented in modern construction.
Gable
This type is the most popular and has been erected in our country for a long time. Another name for a structure with two slopes that rest on walls of the same height is a “gable roof.” Installation here is more complicated than that of the single-pitch version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any of the developer’s design requirements.
Hip
In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which follows the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word “hips” (front triangular slopes).
During the installation process, beams are installed here using double tightening, and drains must be installed at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional effort and skills, because the structure of the rafter system in this case is quite complex.
Half-hip
This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Among the disadvantages, we can only note the additional costs of materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the ribs of the roof. Such structures are good for use in regions with windy climates.
Attic (broken)
Another type of gable model, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not pose any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to deal with is to buy materials for insulating the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of a regular attic not intended for living.
On average, the cost of constructing a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make maximum use of the usable area of the building and get a two-story house with essentially one level.
Flat
Forgotten for a while, these types of house roofs are gradually returning to construction thanks to the unusual design solutions of modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or mini outdoor pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. A transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and lighting fixtures will help out in the evening. Here you can install solar panels and water heating elements, if you need them, of course.
Among the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality stormwater system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without leaving a trace; besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the disadvantages, problems with thermal insulation may arise here, and here we are primarily talking about the heating of the plane in the summer heat, but you can deal with the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.
If the roof structure with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, so in case of urgent need you will have to resort to its construction separately.
The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, and it does not matter what shape it will be.
You can equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the rafters and roofing materials.
Less popular roof types
In addition to the most common roofing structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, although less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from the specimens we looked at above, but that makes them no less beautiful. You need to take the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may only be feasible for professionals.
Single-pitch
A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to construct, and any, even the most inexpensive, materials are suitable for their cladding.
As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to arrange an attic or attic, and this may be why today it is rare to see lean-to examples on new houses.
Tent
The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically located triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build due to the overly sophisticated rafter system.
Multi-forceps
It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex rafter systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install; in addition, valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.
Multi-gable designs can be afforded by wealthy people who build polygonal-shaped houses with a large number of extensions and attic spaces.
Dome
These types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of the building and are mainly installed over part of it. To install the frame, you will need flexible elements, and flexible or soft cladding is suitable as a decorative covering. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, bringing it into their home.
Spherical
Recently, spherical roofs have been slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, and church buildings, so we can see these types of construction almost every day.
Green
The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here we can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, always have enough moisture for watering, and conditions are created for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.
An undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to come across such green living structures. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to distinguish yourself from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of outdoor plants? Then a green roof is right for you and you can enjoy its beauty.
Decorative cladding: what to choose?
In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter you need to take into account design features that can either limit your choice or allow you to expand it. Today the most common materials are:
- metal tiles;
- bitumen shingles;
- ceramic tiles;
- slate;
- sandwich panels.
All of these roofing materials differ in technical characteristics, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure using different technologies, so before choosing, you should carefully read their descriptions, manufacturer’s recommendations and warnings. If you take a balanced approach to this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you will be able to create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.
The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private home. All of them can become a reliable, sustainable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.
The roof is like a business card Source freepvpgame.com
Main types of roofs
The main division of roofs into types is made depending on their appearance, and even the naked eye of a layman can distinguish one type of roof from another.
Flat
Modern fashion trends have made flat roofing a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft and have a slope of up to 3°. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:
- Thanks to the minimal area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said for subsequent maintenance and repairs.
- Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to equip a sports ground, a place for comfortable relaxation and sunbathing, and plant a flower garden.
The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, such a roof can accumulate a large mass of snow, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.
You can place a relaxation area on the flat roof Source krovlyaikrysha.ru
Sloping
Pitched roofing – with sloping surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by the angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.
Pitched types of roofing of private houses allow the attic space to be used for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, as well as on the climate.
There are various pitched roofs of houses, the varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:
- Single-pitch. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. A simple, cheap and durable option.
- Gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, and remove precipitation well. A practical and common option.
- Four slopes. The most durable and reliable. But the large weight of the roof requires strengthening of the supporting structure.
- Tents, designer. The most unusual and expensive options.
Hip roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or regular polygon Source happymodern.ru
Spherical
Interest in spherical structures is always high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract additional advantages:
- Streamlined shape. Allows you to avoid direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
- Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
- Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.
Online roofing calculator
To find out the approximate cost of different types of roofing, use the following calculator:
Optimal slope angles for roofs
Professional builders know that the slope angles for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal roof slope angle, several factors are taken into account:
Natural (climatic) factors
A properly designed roof should withstand the wind and precipitation that is typical for the area.
- In areas with snowy winters, set a large roof angle (45-60°); This way the snow melts smoothly, reducing the likelihood of icing.
- In order for the structure to withstand in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is kept to a minimum. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20°.
- In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof with a slope of 3-5° (for water drainage). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
- The optimal slope angle is considered to be values from 20 to 45°.
Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof Source nagradi.me
Type of roofing material
The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing covering.
- Slate covering, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and leak with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
- Roofing felt, euroroofing felt. The number of layers determines the parameter value. For a roof with 2 layers, a slope of 15° is required, for 3 layers, 5° is sufficient.
- Profiled sheet. The minimum permissible roof slope is 12°.
- Metal tiles. The minimum roof slope is limited to 14°.
- Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6°.
- Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
- Membrane type roofing coverings. Set the minimum slope within 3-5°.
Video description
What the roof should be like - in the video:
Structural differences of frames - popular configurations
Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, can also include hip roofs. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, one primarily chooses from the following options:
Single-pitch
This design is an inclined plane that rests on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied to outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: choosing such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear off even a well-secured roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and strength of pitched roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.
Modern style pitched roof Source houzz.es
Gable
Classic roof options for a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; You can select any material for the roof. The base consists of 2 slopes (slopes), resting on two walls of equal height.
Another name for a gable roof is gable roof (gable is the plane between the slopes).
Advantages:
- Self-cleaning from snow, low probability of leakage.
- Large selection of available materials for production.
- Possibility of arranging an attic space.
Flaws:
- Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
- The weakest element of the structure is the valley (the internal corner at the junction of the slopes), which experiences the maximum climatic impact.
Combined (multi-pincer)
Multi-gable (valley) frames are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-pincer forms are:
- Complex installation of additional intersections, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
- Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
- To eliminate problems with condensation, high-quality vapor and waterproofing is carried out, and high-quality ventilation is installed.
Hip and half-hip
The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). The two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the two side slopes are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated appearance, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.
These types of roofing for the roof of a private house are complex in design and installation (they require reinforcement of the rafter system), but are economical in terms of material consumption; they are justified in northern areas with strong winds.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Tent
The roof consists of slopes in the shape of isosceles triangles, converging at one point. Such a structure, which involves the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; A mitigating circumstance is a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to withstand winds.
A special class of roofs consists of round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on religious buildings; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.
Vaulted (arched)
A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic space, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. A supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood is placed at the base. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. This solution is practical and original; the coating is wind-resistant, and the use of transparent material saves energy.
Geodetic
A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.
A geodesic dome roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. The bars are connected to each other by metal connectors; A connecting beam is installed between the rows.
To design a structure, a 3D computer modeling program is required. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.
Features of attic roofs
For several centuries now, since its invention in France, mansard roofs have enjoyed constant popularity. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.
The types of roofs of private houses with an attic are pleasingly diverse. All kinds of attics are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic to create a living room, training room, library or winter garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:
- Heat loss from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for thorough vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
- The attic space has no internal walls; it is completely in contact with the outside environment. Thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is relevant for the room. Natural wood is best suited for interior decoration.
Cladding materials
The use of one or another type of material for roof cladding is determined primarily by the climatic characteristics of the region. Even the traditional “issue price” often gives in to common sense - no one has ever managed to save on the quality of a roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:
Roof tiles (metal, bitumen or ceramic)
- Metal shingles are a popular option valued for their durability, low price and ability to withstand impacts, which is especially valuable during loading and transportation. Metal tiles are lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation) and are easy to attach. The disadvantage is considered to be uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
- Bituminous (flexible) tiles. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
- Natural (ceramic) tiles. A time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.
The tiles can be laid on any roof shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com
Slate
Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits its scope of application to commercial buildings. Slate has great strength during bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easy to process (cut with a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (over time it can become covered with moss) and a health hazard.
Glass roof
A glass roof (especially its spectacular panoramic version) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design provides excellent weather protection and helps reduce energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.
Green roof
Growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.
Timber log house with eco-roof Source pinterest.com
During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation with a waterproof membrane are laid on the roof, protecting the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.
An eco-roof serves not only as a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer system (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses on organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.
Another option for a “green” roof Source pfpi-co.com
Beautiful and original roof designs: photos and videos
Video description
See the following video for interesting types of roofs of private houses:
And more original types of house roofs in the photo:
Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech style house Source viendoraglass.com
Interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com
A window in the attic was once a complex technical task Source superdom.ua
The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru
Conical and pitched roofs on one house Source cosmictherap.com
The production of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua
To ensure that such beauty remains functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com
Classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com
In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the points where the roof of the first floor meets the walls. Source houzz.com
Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels Source houzz.com
Hip roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a dormer window Source casacom.pro
In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building Source pinterest.com
A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room Source houzbuzz.com
An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com
“Modified” classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru
What is interesting here is not so much the design as the cladding material Source superfb.site
An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com
Ideal solution for a roof over a swimming pool - the area can be completely covered if necessary Source rus-teplitsa.ru
Conclusion
When starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable and capable of serving for a long time. This choice is not always straightforward; each option has pros and cons. To make the right decision, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.
The roof is a structure that serves as the end of the house in its upper part
Construction of the roof is one of the most important moments in the process of building a house. When installing a roof, it is very important to follow the roofing installation technology, violation of which can lead to troubles: heat loss, leakage, or even distortion and destruction of the entire roofing frame. In order for a roof to cope with its protective functions, it must be built correctly.
The roof is an essential element of any building. Regardless of the type of roof and the materials from which it is made, this structure must be durable and perform its main functions. The main purpose of each roof is to protect the building from any weather, and in the case of the attic floor, to serve as a high-quality hydro- and heat insulator.
A roof structure designed in accordance with the expected loads and architectural features of the building will not only decorate the structure, but will also provide it with reliable protection. The more carefully the design of the roof is thought out and the calculations of the parameters of the constituent elements of its design are more accurately carried out, the more practical it will be during further operation.
Diagram of a metal tile roof Based on the slope of the roofing system, they can be pitched or flat. The latter are installed horizontally or with a slope not exceeding 3%. Pitched roofs consist of inclined planes intersecting at their peaks - slopes.
The slope of such roofs is calculated based on the roofing material used. So, when covering a roof with ceramic tiles, the slope is determined by the ratio 1:2, and if it is covered with metal tiles - 1:3 (L = 16). Roofs with a slope angle of 15% or more are classified as steep, and up to 15% - flat.
What parts does the roofing system of buildings consist of?
Regardless of the features of the structure on which the roof is planned to be installed, its structure is assembled from the following main elements:
- Mauerlat;
- rafter system;
- sheathing;
- waterproofing;
- thermal insulation;
- vapor barrier;
- roofing material.
Roof system design Mauerlat acts as a solid foundation for the roof structure. This is the top frame made of beams made of wood or reinforced concrete. The beams must be firmly fixed to the walls of the structure. The upper surface of the beams or wooden logs must be horizontal, since the remaining structural elements will be mounted on it in the future. To protect the wood of the beams from moisture, several layers of roofing material can be laid on them.
It is the most important part of the roof structure, determining its shape, as well as providing the necessary protection and stability to the entire building. Often, the features of a given roof element determine its type and shape and allow the creation of unique roofing systems. The rafters must withstand not only the effects of weather conditions, but also the total weight of the roof. Typically, the size of the timber for the frames of rafter systems is 5x15 cm.
Important!
To distribute the load evenly, the rafter beams are reinforced with additional supports: spacers laid on the mauerlat parallel to the rafters, vertical posts, inclined struts, as well as ridge and side girders located across the rafter beams.
The stability and strength of the roof depends entirely on its supporting structure - the rafter system To attach the roofing material, a sheathing of small strips or boards is laid on the rafters. Wooden boards are placed at a certain distance from each other, depending on the type of roofing material. If the roof is of a roll type, the step of laying the sheathing should be no more than 1 cm. For metal tiles or polycarbonate sheets, the optimal step is about 60 cm.
For waterproofing, namely protecting the roof from moisture penetration from the outside, a layer of special film is used. It can be placed under or on top of the sheathing, avoiding excessive tension and sagging of the layer. At the joints of the fabric, the films are overlapped with a size of 20 cm and firmly secured with construction tape.
There is a large selection of thermal insulation materials for roof insulation. They can be laid or sprayed between rafter joists without leaving any gaps. Uneven distribution of insulation can negatively affect the quality of the thermal insulation layer and lead to a decrease in its performance characteristics.
Important!
To prevent the accumulation of excess moisture in the roofing system, it is necessary to install special gaps to ensure sufficient ventilation.
Thermal insulation of the roof allows not only to make the house more comfortable and the microclimate in it healthy, but also to reduce energy costs by 30%. To protect against moisture penetration into the roof from inside the structure, the insulation is covered with another layer of film. Special membrane films are designed in such a way as to absorb water vapor without allowing it to enter the roof. Subsequently, the absorbed moisture gradually evaporates.
The very top part and face of the roof is the roofing material. To cover the roof, metal tile sheets, slate, corrugated sheets, and roofing steel are mainly used. Roofing is less commonly made from polycarbonate, ceramic tiles, and glass.
Metal tiles are a very popular material for creating a reliable roof for any building. Types of roofing structures depending on shape
There are a wide variety of roofing options in terms of shape. In modern construction, pitched roofs are mainly installed. Horizontal structures cannot fully protect the structure from adverse weather conditions. A lot of snow lingers on their surface, and when it rains, moisture can seep into the building.
Shapes of pitched roofs Pitched roofs vary in the number of slopes. The simplest and most economical roof design with one slope. The frame system of such a roof is mounted on the walls of the house with a certain slope, due to the fact that they have different heights. On an attic floor with such a roof it will not be possible to equip a residential attic. And the building with such a roof looks rather rustic. Such polycarbonate roofs are often built on terraces, balconies, and verandas.
The design of a pitched roof is extremely simple Gable
Gable (gable) roofs are widely used in the construction of a wooden house in the suburbs or private developments in small towns. It is often possible on country houses. The 2 slopes of such a roof are connected to each other by means of a ridge - a horizontal rib. This type of roofing is the most common and most practical. The space under such a roof, limited on the sides by parts of the walls of the structure, can be used as an attic or attic. The building can be given an original look by installing slopes that differ in width or slope angle.
Gable roof is the most popular design in private construction Types of hip roofs
A very reliable and durable structure made in the European style is the hip roof (Dutch). Its frame consists of 4 slopes: 2 triangular in shape, located instead of pediments, and 2 trapezoidal slopes. Installing such a roof is a rather complex and time-consuming process, but the result justifies the effort.
Advice!
Sometimes, in order to achieve a triangle shape on the unused part of the pediment, its lower part is covered with a slope. A window is usually installed in this part.
Even more difficult to implement is the half-hip type of roof. This roof has truncated triangular slopes located above the trapezoidal ones. In addition to additional attractiveness, it is characterized by high functional qualities. In addition, the half-hip design allows you to install a fairly large window on the pediment.
Half-hip roofs are one of the most interesting options, borrowed from Northern European architecture. Hip frame roofing is also a type of hip roof. It is formed by three or more slopes, their peaks connecting at the top at one point. The peculiarity of this roof is the absence of a ridge. Symmetrical triangular slopes create an impressive design in appearance. This type of roof is usually used in polygonal or square shaped houses.
Multi-pincer design
A multi-gable frame roof is suitable for installation in polygonal structures. This type of roof is a rather complex structure and requires a carefully thought out, precisely drawn up plan.
A multi-gable roof will require enormous physical and financial costs, but will delight the creators with the architectural beauty of the building To install a residential attic, a broken-type roof is installed on the attic floor. The fractures of its slopes have a significant angle of inclination, which ensures the formation of large free space under the roof.
The broken roof structure allows you to increase the functionality of the building Dome roof structure
Rounded roofs in the form of a cone or dome are not installed along the entire perimeter of the building. They cover such building elements as decorative turrets or rounded terraces.
Dome houses are a relatively new word in construction, quickly gaining popularity thanks to the use of non-traditional shapes Combined roof options
Combined roof designs can combine a wide variety of frame types.
Combined roofing may include various elements of hip roofs. The multi-gable design can be equipped with a large number of compact glass windows, small balconies, as well as verandas or terraces made of polycarbonate. Thus, they allow you to implement the most daring and original design solutions. Their main disadvantage is complex installation and rather expensive maintenance.
Combined roofs are the most complex in structure What type of roofing system to choose for a private home
A wide variety of types are used in construction practice. Basically, the projection of a particular type of roof depends on the wishes and financial capabilities of the home owner. Currently, it is possible to install the most unusual roofing systems: glass, metal, polycarbonate, ceramic or metal tiles.
By giving preference to any type of roof, the owner of a private house thereby determines the features of the future frame rafter system. It is also taken into account what weather conditions the building will be in and how the attic space is planned to be used. If a residential attic is planned, the desired number of rooms in the space under the roof, as well as their purpose, are taken into account.
A flat roof is a fashionable architectural way of building a roof for a country house, which has a number of advantages and functional features. Roof covering materials
Various building materials are used to cover roofing structures: rigid and bendable, piece and in rolls, profiled and flat. Some are used for roofing a small house, others for a multi-story city building, and others for commercial buildings.
Sheet roofing:
- metal tile sheets;
- corrugated sheeting;
- ondulin (euro slate, aqualin);
- slate;
- copper seam sheets, as well as aluminum or steel.
Corrugated sheets and metal tiles are valued primarily for their durability. Slate is a more budget option. Seam roofing, unlike metal tiles, is more often used when covering industrial buildings.
Corrugated sheeting is one of the best building finishing materials in terms of price and quality ratio Soft types of materials:
- flexible tiles. A multi-tongue structure is mainly mounted from it;
- roll roofing (glass insulation, waterproofing);
- membrane roofing (EPDM, TPO, PVC), for example, polycarbonate sheets.
Piece materials:
- ceramic tiles;
- bulk (mastic);
- slate roofing.
In the construction of country houses, polycarbonate roofs are often installed. Thanks to its features, the roof is durable and light. This material is characterized by strength and lightness, transmits daylight and is an alternative to glass coverings. Polycarbonate roofing is used in the construction of terraces, attics, verandas, and greenhouses. Due to the presence of air chambers, polycarbonate sheets have high sound insulation and excellent heat retention indoors. In addition, the cost of polycarbonate is lower than glass coatings.
A gazebo with a polycarbonate roof is a very good option for installation in summer cottages of any size. Functions and types of roof eaves structures
The overhang of the cornice protruding beyond the perimeter of the walls of the house is designed to protect against precipitation. Elements of the cornice mask the line of connection between the inner surface of the roof slopes and the walls of the house and make the facade of the building complete.
Cornice overhangs are installed on the sides of the building and on the side of its facade due to the protruding edges of the inclined slopes. The overhang of the side cornice is usually 50 cm, the front one - about 1 m.
To ensure the safe operation of the front cornice, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of materials.
Important!
An important point when finishing the cornice is to ensure sufficient ventilation, regardless of the type of design chosen and the size of the cornice.
In total, the number of ventilation openings should be up to 1/400 of the area of the internal space.
The roof eaves provide an additional function for ventilation of the under-roof space Types of roof frames
The roof frame system is an important load-bearing element of any building. Depending on the materials used, roofing frames are divided into the following types:
- a concrete frame structure is used for the manufacture of flat or gently sloping single-slope systems and consists of special slabs;
- The rafter type roofing system is a frame made of lumber. This option is optimal for installing various types of pitched roofs;
- in industrial houses, it is advisable to install metal roof frames made from durable metal beams;
When constructing private houses, frame gable roofing made of lumber is mainly used.
Important!
The roof frame is subject to heavy loads during operation. To ensure the safety and reliable protection of the building, it must be as durable and high quality as possible.
Construction of a frame house with a mansard multi-gable roof To construct the roof of a multi-storey apartment building, metal or concrete lean-to structures are more often used.
The choice of roof shape and type of roofing material is largely determined by the features of the architectural configuration of the structure, weather conditions, the planned direction of water flow, as well as the individual preferences of the home owner. Regardless of the type of roof, if desired, it can be supplemented and old elements can be replaced with new ones.
Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to present. Editor: since 2016.