What kind of fence nets are there? Fence mesh - characteristics, types and choice. Polymer mesh: types and application

The use of mesh depends on the manufacturing method and shape. Today, there are two types of mesh on the construction mesh market - metal and composite. Within these species there are several classifications. Let's look at them in detail, starting with the most popular - metal ones.

Classification of metal mesh

According to GOST 2715-75, the main parameter of meshes is the shape of the cells: square, rectangular, trapezoidal and diamond-shaped, hexagonal and zero.

The second parameter is the cross-sectional shape of the wire. According to this classification, round, flat, square, trapezoidal and T-shaped wire are used in the production of metal mesh.

The third parameter is the cell size, according to which metal meshes are divided into:

• the smallest and smallest with a cell area of ​​0.025 mm2 and 0.025-0.25 mm2, respectively;
• fine mesh and medium mesh with cell area 0.25-1 mm2 and 1-25 mm2, respectively;
• large and especially large with a cell area of ​​25-625 mm2 and from 625 mm2, respectively.

It is also important to consider the “live section” indicator - the ratio of the clear area of ​​cells to the area of ​​all cells, expressed as a percentage.

Table 1 - Types of mesh according to the size of the “live section”

Classification by material of manufacture

Meshes can be made of several types of metal:

• rolled metal from high-alloy steel;
• from non-ferrous metals and alloys (expensive options);
• made of carbon steel (divided into high, medium and low carbon).

In this case, it is worth taking into account the condition of the metal that is used: annealed or cold-worked type of wire. Depending on the fabric, the mesh can be coated or uncoated: the mesh covered in the fabric can be galvanized, coated with plastic and paint, or tinned.

Classification by manufacturing method

Metal mesh is divided according to the manufacturing method:

• wicker GOST 5336-80 - made of round or flat spirals, sequentially woven into each other;
• GOST 3826-82 - formed by cross weaving;
• twisted GOST 13603-89 - produced by the method of alternately twisting each wire from the adjacent one;
• corrugated or partially corrugated GOST 3306-88;
• slotted GOST 9074-85 - assembled from wire grates with a shaped cross-section and fastened with special pins;
• welded GOST 8478-81 and welded reinforcement GOST 23279-85 - produced by placing wires perpendicular to each other and welding them at intersections;
• all-metal expanded metal TsPVS (GOST 8706-78) - made by cutting and drawing a sheet of metal;
• prefabricated - produced by interlacing deformed and transverse smooth wire.

Let's look at the categories described above in more detail.

Plaster mesh

TsPVS mesh, woven and braided belong to the same category - this plastering mesh, usually used for reinforcing plaster and, as an option, for filtration, as a conveyor belt, in agriculture.

Woven mesh It is produced by the method of cross-weaving longitudinal and transverse wires, resulting in the formation of square-shaped cells. Options with a small cell (zero) are of the type intended for sifting and drying, and are regulated by GOST 3187-76.

During the production process, the wire is treated with polymers, which increases its strength and durability: as a result, it becomes resistant to corrosion and aggressive environments.

The material used for woven mesh is wire made of stainless high carbon or low carbon steel ( woven stainless steel), or from non-ferrous metals (woven brass). The cross-sectional shape can be round, rectangular or square with the same diameter along the entire length. The wire diameter is 0.25-1.6 mm with a maximum cell size of up to 20 mm.

Application of woven metal mesh:

• for filtering construction bulk materials (as a sieve);
• when carrying out thermal insulation and plastering work in construction during the construction of facades, etc.;
• for work in agriculture - drying grain, making cages, etc.;
• in the oil industry - washing of clay solution;
• to protect equipment from overheating in industry;
• as a reinforcing element on conveyor belts;
• for air cleaning and pipe insulation.

Expanded mesh is a sheet of metal that has been simultaneously cut and stretched, and then rolled to align the edges. This mesh easily takes any shape, so it can be used for corner and complex structures. CPPVS can be used not only for plastering, but also for facade and decorative work. Decorative TsPVS used for landscape design, installation of aesthetic fences and fencing.

Wicker mesh (chain-link mesh) - This is a metal mesh that is made by interlacing spirals (one spiral is woven into another). It can be galvanized or coated with polyvinyl chloride. This type of product is a budget option and is most often used in the following areas:

• reinforcement during plastering work and installation of thermal insulation;
• reinforcement of self-leveling floors, heating mains;
• sifting of bulk substances;
• as mesh for fences and cages.

It is extremely rare that aluminum wire or stainless steel is used to make chain-link. For plastering and finishing work, you will need a product with a cell size of 20 mm; other sizes can be used to fence areas, fences, and cages. All types plaster mesh are produced in rolls: as a rule, length - 15 meters, height - 1-2 meters. The wire can have a diameter of 108 mm, and the mesh sizes vary from 6 by 6 mm to 100 by 100 mm.

Four types of welded mesh

Welded metal mesh is a product that is produced by spot welding at the intersection of longitudinal and transverse wires of class VR-1 (corrugated or straight) or AIII reinforcing bars located perpendicularly.

Table 3 - Welded mesh: categories and application by mesh size and wire type

The scope of its application is extremely wide:

• fencing of construction sites and territories;
• reinforcement of brickwork;
• for the construction of decorative fences, greenhouse frames, cages and enclosures;
• reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, foundations, floors due to increased strength;
• during repair work to level walls and ceilings.

Table 4 - Application of welded mesh depending on cell size

Metal welded mesh It is highly durable and comes in four types.

• type - masonry welded mesh, which is used to strengthen brick walls. It is attached to the masonry, evenly distributing its weight, and as a result increases the strength of the structure. Such a mesh can have square or rectangular cells and must comply with GOST 8478-81.

Road welded mesh used for reinforcing road grouting (wire diameter 4-5 mm), welded reinforcement mesh- for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures and screeding floors, ceilings, when constructing foundations, strengthening soils, embankments, walls and during plastering work.

Fence welded mesh It is used by welding it into a frame and installing a fence. It is characterized by increased strength, which is why it is sometimes installed without a frame.

Table 5 - Overall dimensions of welded mesh by application

The diameter of the wire for welded products varies between 0.6-5 mm, reinforcement - 6-12 mm, with cell sizes 5-200 mm. Welded mesh is produced in rolls. Corrugated welded mesh (periodic profile) belongs to the category decorative products - it has improved aesthetic characteristics, because for its production not a rectangular rod is used, but a twisted, corrugated one. Metal mesh of this type is most often used for fences and fences. Being durable, it also provides an exterior look.

Gabions - structures made from meshes

The mesh structure is a parallelepiped-shaped container made of double torsion mesh with hexagonal cells. The mesh is made by twisting two wires in one direction by 180° (minimum 3 twists). The ends of the wire can be spliced ​​by welding or extension.

Gabion is filled with stone or crushed stone and is used in road, civil and industrial construction. The material used is tightly galvanized steel wire, which can additionally be coated with PVC.

Table 6 - Technical characteristics of the mesh for gabions

Several criteria regarding filler and density:

• galvanizing density - 37 microns;
• the stones should be larger than the cells, the usual fraction of crushed stone is 70-150 mm;
• porosity of the finished structure is 30-40%.

The table below shows typical gabion sizes:

Table 7 - Standard dimensions of gabion structures

Depending on their shape, gabions are divided into box-shaped and mattress. Standard dimensions of box-shaped structures: length 1.5-4 meters, height - 0.5-1 meter, single width - 1 meter. Dimensions of the mattress structure: length from 3 to 6 meters, height - 0.17-0.5 meters, single width - 2 meters. Both forms have the following classification:

• box-shaped - flexible permeable structures, usually divided into sections by attaching diaphragms every meter along the length. At the edges, box-shaped gabions are reinforced with wire of a larger diameter than the mesh wire. They are divided into box-shaped ones with a diaphragm (CD) and without a diaphragm;
• Jumbo gabions are large box-shaped gabions, 3-6 meters long and 0.5 meters high;
• Reno mattresses (another name is mattress-mattress) - structures made of double torsion mesh with a low height and a large coverage area. They are also divided into sections with intervals of 1 meter along the length, and along the edges they are reinforced with wire of a larger diameter. Designated as multi-cell structures with a diaphragm (mesh brand - MD);
• Terramesh system (another name is box-shaped reinforced mesh with a panel) - gabions in the form of a front and reinforcing panel made of double-torsion mesh with hexagonal cells. The front part is divided into sections by diaphragms in steps of 1 meter, the reinforcing part is placed on the body of the embankment, designation - AD;
• cylindrical gabions - have the shape of a cylinder made of double torsion mesh, designated by the letter C.

Let us consider these types separately in terms of material of manufacture and application. Thus, Renault mattresses are used for the foundation of retaining walls made of gabions, in landscape construction (decorative function), as well as for protecting pipes, banks, and strengthening bridge cones. They are widely used in hydraulic engineering: they are used to lay the banks and bottom of rivers, and to line canals and dams.

Renault mattresses are manufactured in accordance with GOST R 51285-99; the basis is a mesh with wire coated with PVC or zinc.

The Terramesh system is a reinforced soil mesh for reinforcing and strengthening slopes from displacement and disruption of the internal structure of soils. As a result, the systems increase the stability of the arrays. The system modules in the structure are arranged horizontally in layers. Terramesh uses galvanized or PVC coated steel wire mesh.

Cylindrical gabions are made of double torsion mesh, have a diameter of 0.65 or 0.95 meters, a length of 2-4 meters in accordance with GOST R 52132-2003. The wire of the panel edges has a larger diameter than the main wire - this is necessary to strengthen the structure.

The wire for the mesh on gabions can be galvanized(service life - 35 years), s galfan coating(service life - 75 years), with anti-corrosion coating with polymer processing(service life - 75 years).

All gabions during use are filled with any stone - cobblestones, quarry stone, pebbles, etc. The material for filling the mesh container must, in weight and characteristics, meet the functional requirements of the building being constructed.

Table 8 - Characteristics of gabions

When testing gabions for strength, modern researchers obtained the following results (data on service life under the created conditions):

• exposure to saline solution - 1500 hours;
• exposure to UV rays - 2000 hours at 63°C;
• exposure to high temperature - 24 hours at 105°C;
• brittleness test at -30°C.

When installing gabions, you can use special staplers to fasten them together with special rings. The dimensions of the stones must be no more than 25 cm in diameter and a density of at least 1700 kg/m3.

Types of fiberglass mesh: material for “light” finishing

Fiberglass mesh is a soft mesh material that is made by weaving and knotting fiberglass threads impregnated with a special solution. The main purpose of such products is to protect surfaces from cracks and smooth out the effects of temperature and humidity that arise during the operation of buildings. Fiberglass meshes are used for insulation of houses, for external and internal finishing works.

Table 9 - Differences in installation when plastering

Fiberglass meshes are classified into three types according to their areas of application:

Painting with a cell of 2 by 2 mm, used for puttying work on walls and ceilings, alkali-resistant, not susceptible to rust, can withstand the loads of temperature and humidity, and in addition, it has a polyacrylic impregnation, which gives it high strength. It is used in the following works:

• reinforcement of putty, waterproofing;
• surface protection before painting and gluing.

Plaster fiberglass mesh with a cell of 5 by 5 mm is used in the following works:

• for plaster and for walls, facades for thermal and waterproofing;
• to restore a cracked plaster layer;
• reinforcement of self-leveling floors, door and window frames in places adjacent to walls.

Armored fiberglass mesh used in external thermal insulation for reinforcement in case of plastering, as well as for strengthening plaster on the first floor. Finishing fiberglass mesh with a cell of 10 by 10 mm is used when laying tiles on drywall, as well as when plastering.

Polymer mesh: types and application

Polymer mesh is a building material that, by binding polymer threads together with another polymer thread, forms square or rectangular cells. The most commonly used raw materials are polypropylene (PP), polyester (PEF) and polyamide (PA) fibers. It is impregnated with a binder based on bitumen, polyethylene, latexes, etc. Temperature operating conditions of the substation range from -60°С to +150°С. Polyester mesh is also popular, which is resistant to temperatures up to 125°C and acids.

Any PS can be used as a fence mesh, in the construction of sports and children's playgrounds, and as an emergency barrier for dangerous areas. It is actively used in finishing, for reinforcement: it can be used for masonry, plaster, special facade, for floor screed. Polypropylene mesh will be a successful replacement for metal mesh and fiberglass mesh:

• increase the strength of screeds: for concrete (up to 78 cm thick), for “warm floors”, self-leveling floors, various types of roofing, asphalt concrete layers and brickwork;
• restore walls, bridges, plaster layers up to 3-5 cm thick, screeds in areas of window openings, foundations 1-2 cm thick, flat roofs up to 6 cm thick, adhesive layers under tiles and porcelain tiles 0.5-2 cm thick, all brickwork.

Benefits of using polymer meshes:

• reducing the cost of work, reducing the thickness of concrete and cement screeds by up to 25%;
• increasing the maintenance-free service life of concrete and cement screeds by 3-4 years, asphalt layers of sidewalks and adjacent areas - by 5 years.

The main advantage of polymer mesh over metal mesh is the absence of corrosion.

Classification of composite meshes

Composite mesh is a material made from composite reinforcing bars with different cross-sections by crossing and fastening at the intersection points. In this case, the rods can be smooth, have a periodic profile, or sprinkled with sand. Most often, the mesh is supplied in rolls 75 m long, 1-2.4 meters wide (or more if necessary), while the cell size ranges from 25-50 mm.

Composite mesh today is an alternative to metal black, stainless and galvanized mesh for reinforcement, construction of fences, fences. This is justified by the fact that this material has several advantages:

• almost 3 times stronger than similar steel reinforcement;
• high resistance to corrosion and chemical environments;
• 3 times lighter than steel analogues, which reduces the weight of the entire structure;
• if the geometry of the structure is violated, it retains its shape, preventing the object from completely collapsing.

Depending on the application, the material is classified as follows:

• masonry and bonding works - SBP (impregnated basalt);
• plastering works - SSAF (glass reinforcing facade);
• for road construction - SDA (road reinforcement) and SBPD (impregnated basalt road);

Masonry and bonding work is carried out using a polymer-coated mesh made of solid basalt and glass fiber (impregnation). SBP applies in the following cases:

• reinforcement of brick blocks of different sizes - blocks made of cellular concrete, porcelain stoneware, gas silicate, ordinary brick;
• as a connection for buildings using adhesive, cement-sand binders.

Road composite mesh are made from glass, basalt roving and polyester threads using knitting and stitching technology. SD are intended:

• for reinforcement during the construction of roads, airfield strips;
• for reinforcing hydraulic structures and concrete floors.

Reinforcement composite mesh It is made using the technology of crossing composite reinforcement, which is fixed with plastic clamps or binding wire to create the desired cell geometry. The diameter of the reinforcement bars is 3-12 mm. This mesh can also be used for floor screeding, reinforcing slabs and walls, and roads.

All types of composite mesh are produced in rolls and sheets in accordance with the technical specifications and must have a certificate of compliance with GOST. In order to understand which mesh - metal or composite - to choose for construction work, let's make a small comparison.

Table 10 - Comparison of metal and composite meshes

In the process of carrying out various works on a construction site, construction mesh is often used. Today it is represented by several varieties, and they all have their own performance characteristics and purpose.

In modern construction, the following types of meshes are most often used:

Catching mesh

Such products are intended for installation on both already erected and high-rise buildings under construction. The catching mesh serves to prevent the possible fall of building materials, workers and all kinds of tools, and even icicles from roofs from a significant height.

A modern catching mesh can withstand the fall of any object from a height of 6-7 meters, and its weight can reach 100 kilograms. It is attached to a special metal structure in the form of a frame, which in turn is attached to the supports. The latter can be either the wall of the structure or scaffolding.

Masonry mesh

This design is used as a reinforcing element for both concrete and stone floors. The masonry mesh consists of metal wires welded together at an angle of 90 degrees. The wire used to produce the mesh can have a diameter in the range of 3-5 millimeters. The cells of such a product can have either a square or rectangular shape, and the size of these elements can vary in the range of 50×50-200×200 millimeters.

Facade mesh

Its purpose is to both shelter scaffolding and protect it from various atmospheric phenomena, such as precipitation, and adverse external influences. It also serves to prevent debris, power tools and various devices from falling from these structures. For the production of modern facade mesh, special light-stabilized polyethylene threads are used, characterized by extremely high strength.

Such products are made using the knotted weaving method - this avoids unraveling of the threads in the cut areas of the raw edges. Thanks to the use of the knotted knitting method, the material will not unravel in places where there is an accidental tear or cut. The outer edge of the mesh in most cases has special loops that allow it to be attached to scaffolding elements. The cells of the façade mesh are usually small in size.

Protective polyethylene sheets are characterized by good elasticity. They stretch easily, fully retaining their original strength characteristics. The facade mesh is resistant to high temperatures and fading in the sun. Even at the production stage, this material is impregnated with a special protective substance that protects the product from possible destruction and rotting.

Plaster mesh

Today there are two types of plaster mesh:

1) metal;

2) fiberglass (plastic).

The main purpose of such products is to reinforce both plaster and many other types of wall coverings. Thanks to the presence of a plaster mesh, the strength of the coating significantly increases, provides reliable protection of the surface from cracks and prevents possible deformation of the walls.

Rabitz

This product is used for the purpose of reinforcing pipes and walls, for erecting various fences, sifting bulk materials and for use as a special fastening at mining sites.

Chain-link mesh differs in the shape of the cells (in the form of a square or diamond), the thickness of the wire used for its production and the dimensions of the cells. Such a product can be either coated with polyvinyl chloride or zinc, or without such a coating. The presence of a protective coating, together with the thickness of the wire, largely determines the cost of the finished product.

They are divided into tactical and hunting. The main difference between this type of reticle is that tactical reticles are basically ALL ballistic, while hunting reticles are “simple”. What does it mean?

Hunting nets simpler to perform, since shooting is carried out at medium and short distances, mainly. Of course, there are scopes for mountain hunting, for example, where shooting can be done at a distance of a kilometer, but proper hunters in unfamiliar terrain almost never shoot at such distances; they try to get closer for an accurate shot. At long distances, shooting is possible, but subject to ideal parameters (wind, pressure, humidity, position of the weapon and the target. Walking more than one kilometer through the mountains, up and down, more than one day, tracking down the treasured trophy, no one will shoot if they are not sure what will hit accurately. Sighting reticles are mainly based on a simple crosshair. Hunting reticles include (RATED reticle, CROSS-hair, BALLISTIC).

Ballistic (tactical) reticles are designed to determine the distance to an object (target), to quickly adjust corrections at a distance and in the wind. Ballistic reticles are used for accurate shooting at different distances; all sights of military snipers and high-precision athletes have a ballistic reticle. Ballistic reticles are also used in hunting scopes, but they are simpler and more versatile. Tactical sights come with reticles specifically for a specific caliber, mostly popular military calibers. These reticles work with a specific cartridge, and all divisions on the reticle are for a certain distance. There are three main types of tactical reticles (MILDOT, HORUS, BALLISTIC).

Let's briefly look at the main differences...

Tactical grids.

MILDOT

A grid with a simple crosshair, on which divisions are marked in the form of dots (mils), the distance between which is about 10 cm, at a distance of 100 meters.

This is a classic army mesh.

HORUS

A reticle with vertical and horizontal divisions, a reticle for ultra-long-range shooting. The favorite grid of athletes and army snipers.

BALLISTIC

The grid is based on a hunting grid with vertical divisions, but with labeled divisions. Each division indicates a bullet hit at a certain distance.

In the instructions for this reticle, as a rule, they write the calibers that are most suitable for shooting.

Hunting nets.

COVERED

The net is used for driven or round-up hunting, when shooting is carried out at short and medium distances (from 30 to 150 meters). Driven sights have a low optical magnification and a wide field of view. The reticles in such sights can be different, both classic crosshairs and reticles with a dot or a circle.

A reticle with vertical and horizontal divisions, a reticle for ultra-long-range shooting. The favorite grid of athletes and army snipers.

CROSSBOW

Reticle for shooting at short and medium distances, for classic hunting.

This reticle is based on the crosshairs of two lines (vertical and horizontal). Direct lines can be complete or incomplete, i.e. the horizontal straight line is full, and the vertical line is half at the bottom, forming a HALF CROSS. Grid with divisions along a vertical line. Using such a grid, you can determine the distance to the object of hunting. This reticle is convenient for shooting at medium and long distances.
Let's look at the main reticles of three brands, different price categories (low, medium and expensive).- An American company that produces sights in the middle and high price categories, with a large number of sighting reticles and a selection of models for every taste. There are two types of scopes: hunting and tactical.
- A German company that produces sights of a high price category, good quality and a decent selection of reticles in each model.
There are also sights for tactical and hunting purposes. In addition to these brands, there are various worthy companies producing optical sights on the market, both economy and middle class (, Redfield , Bushnell , Nikko Stirling , Hawke , Nikon , Yukon
etc.), and premium class, highly rated, with big names and a rich history (, etc.). These brands do not have as large a selection of reticles per model as our selected companies above. Each brand is worthy of consideration in particular in terms of models and reticles. Any brand has scopes that are especially POPULAR all over the world, which are most often purchased and used for various purposes (hunting, shooting, military operations). Before choosing a reticle, you need to select BRAND , choose series or MODEL

sight, and only then select the reticle, if of course there is such a choice in this model. Company reticles.

HAKKO
All sights are divided into sights WITH ILLUMINATION and WITHOUT ILLUMINATION of the reticle.
HAKKO's reticles are numbered (3, 4, 6, 8, 15, 22, 23, 24, 28, 32, 33, 90).
(3 Each number indicates the type of reticle.
(6 ) - Cross, a simple crosshair of two straight lines.
(10 ) - Half-cross (half-duplex) crosshair of two straight lines, with thickening of three lines, similar to the German#4 grid.
(15 ) - an aiming reticle in the form of a pointed thick line vertically and two horizontally.
(90 ) - Duplex, a crosshair of two straight lines, with a thickening of four lines at the base.
(4 ) - Milldot, a grid with dots on intersecting lines, the distance between dots is 10 cm by 100 meters. 22 ), With ( 33 ) - By (

) - pen nets with a horizontal guide and the center of the optical axis (with a dot).
(The reticle is illuminated on Hakko sights in the form of a letter designation (P, D, CH, ER, MCH, DME, CHME). Each letter or combination of letters speaks about the functionality of the backlight or its type. D
() - Dot (dot), highlighting only the dot, the center of the crosshair. CH
() - Cross Hair (crosshair), backlight in the form of a cross in the center of the crosshair or mildot if the grid is (90). ER
() - Full grid illumination, all lines in the grid. M or M.E.

The most popular reticles for Hakko scopes are numbers (6), (15), (23, 24) and (90), which are most suitable for hunting, and as a result, the most purchased. These reticles fully meet the needs of modern hunting and shooting at medium distances.
If (6) and (15) are not very different in functionality, then (23) the grid is suitable only for driven hunting and shooting at short distances, especially since the illumination of driven grids is very important in places with dense vegetation.
There are no vertical lines in the reticle that interfere with “leading” the target against the background of trees, and a large dot shows the area where the bullet hits.

Reticle (90) or classic MIlDot, suitable for shooting at any distance, this is a classic reticle known to many shooters and hunters. The combination of numbers and letters provides additional options for illuminating the reticles. (15D) - Duplex with a dot in the center, (15CH) - Duplex with a cross in the center. Reticles

LEUPOLD.

Lupold sights are known all over the world. This company has been producing optical devices for hunting and tactical operations for many years. Mass production and huge demand make these sights a strong mid-ranger on the market. Lupld sights are affordable for any hunter and shooter, prices are reasonable and affordable, but it all depends on the specific series and model. The same applies to the choice of reticle. If you take the full range of sighting reticles and add them to the catalog, you will get more than a dozen types and all possible modifications; in the entire history of the company, there are about a dozen duplexes alone.
By choosing a specific scope model for a specific weapon and a specific hunt, you choose the type of reticle. The sighting reticle has its own characteristics and specific functionality. There are classic (standard) grid parameters that have standard readings, such as mildot or classic duplex, which are the same for any manufacturer, and there are modified or modernized grids based on the classic grid, for example Fine Duplex or Wide Duplex, or something else some kind of duplex. Modified meshes have different indications.- an excellent hunting scope, with classic magnification and lens diameter. There are 5 types of reticles to choose from in this scope, so which one should you choose? FireDot Duplex (Illuminated), FireDot 4 (Illuminated), Ballistic FireDot, FireDot LRV Duplex, FireDot Wind-Plex. For many people, these names will mean nothing; if the photos can shed even a little light on these reticles, then the name certainly does not.
And in terms of price, it’s not clear why there’s such a difference ($150)?

1) FireDot Duplex

The reticle has the appearance of a crosshair with bold line bases; this is a classic Duplex hunting reticle, which is unchanged from any manufacturer, i.e.

has the same appearance. The reticle works at a distance of up to 500 meters, if, of course, you correctly target the weapon for a certain cartridge (bullet). FireDot - means that the reticle has an illuminated dot in the center of the crosshair.

2) Fire Dot 4

This is a reticle based on the old German#4 reticle, with two straight crosshairs, three of which are bold at the base (on the sides and bottom). In our country, sometimes this type of grid is called “stumps”.

Bold lines direct the shooter's pupil to the center of the crosshair, and the absence of the upper bold duplex makes the view more comfortable, and it is more convenient to track a running target.

3) Ballistic Fire Dot

Ballistic reticle from Lupold, made for long range shooting. In the center of the crosshair there is a circle with a dot, which shows the affected area at medium distances, and below it on a vertical line there are two divisions that work at different distances. According to the manufacturer, this reticle is ideal for shooting at large animals and pest predators, such as wolves and jackals (Ideal for varmint, antelope, and long-range big game).

4) FireDot LRV Duplex

a mesh based on Duplex, the intersection of two straight lines, with thickening at the bases, but with divisions along the horizontal line of the mesh. On the straight line there are marks to the left and right of the crosshair to maintain correction for crosswinds (A 10MOA Wind hold Reticle with FireDot). The deflection of a bullet depends on its mass and wind strength, and the distance at which the target is located.

Other Leupold scopes have different reticles for their functions.

Reticles in driven sights need to be chosen much simpler and more open, for more comfortable and quick aiming at a moving target. By choosing a reticle with a standard duplex, when quickly aiming at a running target, against the backdrop of a forest, and even at a short distance, you can lose time or miss. The aiming reticle for a driven sight must be illuminated so that you can see the center of the crosshair. Luepold also has a lot of ballistic reticles, mainly in the tactical series, the same

VX-R Patrol 3-9x40mm , features a FireDot Tactical Milling Reticle. Net

Reticle (90) or classic MIlDot, suitable for shooting at any distance, this is a classic reticle known to many shooters and hunters. The combination of numbers and letters provides additional options for illuminating the reticles. (15D) - Duplex with a dot in the center, (15CH) - Duplex with a cross in the center. FireDot Tactical Milling Reticle.

- based on the classic MilDot, but instead of dots or ovals, there are short segments on the vertical and horizontal lines. The distance between the segments corresponds to the dimensions of a standard MIL (10MOA per 100 meters). This reticle is ideal for determining distance and shooting at long ranges.
The company produces various optical sights, with constant and variable magnification, tactical and hunting. Minimalism and principle (nothing superfluous) simplify the work with the sight, everything is crystal clear and clear. Each reticle of any optical sight has strictly verified ballistics, according to all world standards; if it is a MilDot, then it is an ideal MilDot. There are also modifications of meshes, which are based on classic well-known meshes used all over the world. SCHMIDT and BENDER reticles are divided into three types, HUNTING, TACTICAL (for police and army), and SPORTING (for long-range shooting).

Hunting nets have a minimum number of divisions, clear lines and duplexes, a choice with or without reticle illumination. The basis of the hunting nets is the old German German#4 net, in the form of a crosshair and three duplexes on the sides and bottom (FD4, FD7, FD9, L3, L4, L7, L9, D7, A4, A7, A9).

Mesh (FD7)- hunting net, similar to FD4, but with shortened bold threads, the distance between the threads on the left, right and bottom to the center of the crosshair is 70 cm per 100 m, the thickness of the vertical thread and the points per 100 m have not changed (thread 1.3, point 5 cm). The net is perfect for driven hunts due to the greater visibility, and it can also be successfully used for any hunt.

Mesh (FD9)- identical mesh in size to FD4, but added a circle connecting thick threads, the diameter of the circle is 140 cm by 100 m. The net is suitable for hunting in any conditions, and is perfect for driven hunting. Using the circle, you can determine the distance to the target at a long distance, and when aiming closely, the circle will show the affected area.

Without backlight (A4, A7, A9).

Grid (A4)- the threads in the reticle are more pronounced, for clear focusing on the crosshairs, the thread coverage (thickness) per 100m will be 15 cm, and the distance between the center of the crosshair and the bold threads is 35 cm per 100m. The thickness of thin threads is 1.3 cm per 100 m. The net is suitable for any hunt, but preferably during the daytime.

Mesh (A7)- mesh similar to A4, but with shortened bold threads.

The distance between the center of the crosshair and the bold threads has been doubled to 70 cm per 100 m. Perfect for driven hunting in open spaces. Mesh (A9)

- a grid with a circle in the center and a crosshair. the diameter of the circle at a distance of 100m will be 140 cm, and the thickness of the fat threads (covering) will be 13 cm at 100m. You also need to identify one important detail when choosing a reticle. The aiming reticle may be located in FIRST or
The difference is that when changing the optical magnification (turning the magnification ring), the reticle can increase or decrease, this indicates that the reticle is in the first focal plane. This suggests that the ballistic parameters of the reticle are preserved at any magnification.
If the grid does not change in size when enlarged, then it is in the second vocal plane. The ballistic parameters of the reticle are saved only at the MAXIMUM magnification (multiplicity), i.e. if, for example, the reticle is mild, then with the maximum magnification of the optics, the distance between the reticle points will be equal to a mil (10 cm per 100 m), if the magnification is not maximum, then the distance is not standard at a hundred, then you need to count! This is not entirely good, since at the minimum magnification the reticle covers the target at a great distance, but in ballistic terms the reticle can work at any magnification, you just need to count and remember more data in thousandths.

What it is?

Chainlink is a metal mesh woven using a special technology (a flat wire spiral is screwed into one another) using a mesh weaving machine. Named after the German Karl Rabitz, who invented and patented a machine for producing mesh at the end of the 19th century.

Due to its low cost and ease of installation, chain-link is in demand in industrial, agricultural and private construction for the manufacture of fences and wall reinforcement.

Scope of application of the chain link:

• fencing the territory ( , );
• strengthening land slopes, strengthening mine workings;
• production of enclosures for animals and birds;
• fencing of sports complexes (for example, tennis courts);
• sifting of bulk materials;
• fastening of thermal insulation materials;
• as a base for plaster (reinforced mesh).

Technical characteristics of chain-link mesh

The production of chain-link mesh is carried out in accordance with GOST 5336-80 standards. All types of chain-link mesh can be reduced to several groups:

1. Material of manufacture:

• low-carbon steel (the mesh is flexible);
• stainless steel, which imparts rigidity to the mesh.

2. Outer cover material:

• galvanized chain-link mesh. The thickness of the zinc layer is measured not in microns, but in g/m2. The amount of applied zinc is determined by a laboratory method by weighing a galvanized and cleaned sample. On the market there is galvanized chain-link mesh with an amount of zinc from 10 to 90 g/sq.m. The service life of the mesh depends on the thickness of the zinc coating - from 15 to 40 years. It must be remembered that operating conditions can increase the rate of zinc volatilization from a galvanized surface, which will lead to the early appearance of rust;

• non-galvanized chain-link mesh. It is made of low-carbon wire (popularly called black mesh). It is comparatively cheap, but the absence of any protective coating leads to the development of corrosion. The estimated service life of non-galvanized mesh is up to 10 years. Used in low-aggressive environments, for temporary fencing;

• polymer mesh chain link. Designed specifically for conditions with an aggressive environment (by the sea, on livestock farms, in industrial regions with acidic precipitation, etc.). In addition, polymer-coated mesh has several colors (gray, black, green, red, blue), which increases its aesthetic properties. Material prepared for the website www.site

Polyvinyl chloride is used as a coating for the mesh, reinforced with various additives, which determine such properties of the chain-link mesh as: resistance to ultraviolet radiation, frost, corrosion, mechanical damage to the coating, and aesthetics. However, it is quite difficult to distinguish visually high-quality coating. You should also know that PVC coating is applied to a galvanized or non-galvanized steel core. The former has a longer service life. The quality of the polymer mesh coating is confirmed by certificates.

3. Cell shape:

• diamond-shaped (diamond-shaped weaving). More common. The acute angle of a rhombus is 60°.
• square (weaving shape).

4. Cell size

The size of the mesh cells of the chain-link mesh is determined by the distance between the opposite sides of the rhombus, which is called the clearance. You can buy chain-link mesh with mesh sizes from 5 to 100 mm.

It should be noted that GOST regulates the diameter of the wire from which the mesh with a certain mesh size is made. For example, a mesh with a cell size of 10x10 can be made from wire with a diameter of 1.4-1.6 mm. As the cell lumen increases, the diameter of the wire used for its production increases. For example, a mesh with 100x100 cells is made of wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm.

And the diameter of the wire determines the strength of the mesh and the entire fence. The smaller the mesh and the thicker the wire, the stronger the fence.

Note. The permissible deviation in cell width is +5 mm, and the deviation in wire thickness is no more than 0.05 mm.

5. Dimensions of the chain-link mesh

Standard mesh sizes:

• 10 or 15 m.p.;
• width 1000 or 1500 mm. Meshes with a width of 500-4000 mm are made to order;
• wire thickness from 1 to 6 mm.

6. Netting mesh weight

The mesh size and wire thickness have a direct influence. It is by weighing that it is determined whether the wire diameter corresponds to the declared value. The weight of the chain-link mesh 50x50x3 mm is 2.28 kg/sq.m. weight of a roll of mesh netting 1.5x10 m.p. is 34.2 kg.

Lightweight chain-link mesh is also in demand for the installation of temporary fences and barriers. In this case, it is allowed to reduce the wire thickness:

• by 0.5 mm (No. 50);
• by 0.2 mm. (in the manufacture of mesh No. 20, 25, 35);
• by 1 mm (No. 80 and No. 10).

Chain link marking - symbols

The chain-link mesh is marked as follows: 50x50x2 (1,500x10,000), which means: a chain-link mesh with a mesh size of 50x50 mm, a wire thickness of 2 mm, a roll width of 1,500 and a length of 10,000 mm.

The chain-link is sold with the ends packed in film or cardboard, which eliminates the deformation of the mesh during transportation.