The main characters of "The Master and Margarita"

Bulgakov’s work is a “novel within a novel”, and the main characters of Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” in the part that tells about Satan’s stay in Moscow are Woland, The Master and Margarita, Ivan Bezdomny.

Woland

Satan, the Devil, “the spirit of evil and lord of shadows,” the powerful “prince of darkness.” Visited Moscow in the role of “professor of black magic.” Woland studies people, trying to reveal their essence in different ways. Having looked at the Muscovites in the variety theater, he concludes that they are “ordinary people, in general, they resemble the old ones, the housing problem has only spoiled them.” Giving his “great ball”, he brings anxiety and confusion into the lives of the townspeople.

He disinterestedly takes part in the fate of the Master and Margarita, revives the Master's burned novel, and allows the author of the novel to inform Pilate that he has been forgiven.

Woland takes on his real guise, leaving Moscow.

Master

A former historian who renounced his name, who wrote a brilliant novel about Pontius Pilate. Unable to withstand the persecution of critics, he ends up in a psychiatric hospital. Margarita, the Master's beloved, asks Satan to save her beloved. Woland also fulfills the request of Yeshua, who read the novel, to give the Master peace.

“The farewell is over, the bills are paid,” and the Master and Margarita find peace and an “eternal home.”

Margarita

A beautiful and intelligent woman, the wife of a “very important specialist”, who needed nothing, was not happy. Everything changed the moment I met the Master. Having fallen in love, Margarita becomes his “secret wife,” friend and like-minded person. She inspires the Master to have a romance, encourages him to fight for him.

Having made a deal with Satan, she plays the role of hostess at his ball. The mercy of Margarita, asking to spare Frida instead of asking for herself, Latunsky’s defense, and participation in Pilate’s fate soften Woland.

Through the efforts of Margarita, the Master is saved, both leave the Earth with Woland’s retinue.

Homeless Ivan

A proletarian poet who, on instructions from an editor, wrote an anti-religious poem about Jesus Christ. At the beginning of the novel, “an ignorant” person, narrow-minded, believes that “man himself controls” his life, cannot believe in the existence of the Devil and Jesus. Unable to cope with the emotional stress of meeting Woland, she ends up in a clinic for the mentally ill.
After meeting the Master, he begins to understand that his poems are “monstrous” and promises to never write poetry again. The master calls him his student.

At the end of the novel, Ivan lives by his real name - Ponyrev, he became a professor, works at the Institute of History and Philosophy.

He has recovered, but sometimes he still cannot cope with incomprehensible mental anxiety.

The list of characters in the novel is large; everyone who appears on the pages of the work deepens and reveals its meaning. Let us dwell on the most significant characters in Bulgakov’s “The Master and Margarita” for revealing the author’s intention.

Woland's retinue

Fagot-Koroviev

The senior assistant in Woland's retinue, he is entrusted with the most important matters. In communicating with Muscovites, Koroviev introduces himself as the secretary and translator of the foreigner Woland, but it is not clear who he really is: “a magician, a regent, a sorcerer, a translator, or the devil knows who.” He is constantly in action, and no matter what he does, no matter who he communicates with, he grimaces and clowns around, screams and “yells.”

Fagot's mannerisms and speech change dramatically when he speaks to those who deserve respect. He speaks to Woland respectfully, in a clear and sonorous voice, helps Margarita manage the ball, and looks after the Master.

Only at his last appearance on the pages of the novel does Fagot appear in his true image: next to Woland a knight “with a gloomy and never smiling face” rode on a horse. Once punished for many centuries as a jester for a poor pun on the theme of light and darkness, he has now “paid his account and closed it.”

Azazello

Demon, Woland's assistant. The appearance “with a fang protruding from the mouth, disfiguring the already unprecedentedly vile face”, with a cataract on the right eye, is repulsive. His main duties involve the use of force: “punching the administrator in the face, or kicking his uncle out of the house, or shooting someone, or some other trifle like that.” Leaving the earth, Azazello takes on his real appearance - the appearance of a demon killer with empty eyes and a cold face.

Cat Behemoth

According to Woland himself, his assistant is “a fool.” He appears to the residents of the capital in the form of a “huge, like a hog, black, like soot or rook, and with a desperate cavalry mustache” cat or a plump man with a physiognomy similar to a cat’s. Behemoth's jokes are not always harmless, and after his disappearance, ordinary black cats began to be exterminated throughout the country.

Flying away from the Earth in Woland's retinue, Behemoth turns out to be "a thin youth, a demon page, the best jester that has ever existed in the world."
Gella. Woland's maid, vampire witch.

Characters from the novel The Master

Pontius Pilate and Yeshua are the main characters of the story written by the Master.

Pontius Pilate

Procurator of Judea, cruel and domineering ruler.

Realizing that Yeshua, who was brought in for interrogation, is not guilty of anything, he becomes imbued with sympathy for him. But, despite his high position, the procurator could not resist the decision to execute him and became cowardly for fear of losing power.

The hegemon takes Ga-Notsri’s words that “among human vices one of the most important is cowardice”, he takes it personally. Tormented by remorse, he spends “twelve thousand moons” in the mountains. Released by the Master, who wrote a novel about him.

Yeshua Ha-Nozri

A philosopher traveling from city to city. He is lonely, knows nothing about his parents, believes that by nature all people are good, and the time will come when “the temple of the old faith will collapse and a new temple of truth will be created” and no power will be needed. He talks about this with people, but for his words he is accused of an attempt on the power and authority of Caesar and executed. Before execution, he forgives his executioners.

In the final part of Bulgakov’s novel, Yeshua, having read the Master’s novel, asks Woland to reward the Master and Margarita with peace, meets Pilate again, and they walk, talking, along the lunar road.

Levi Matvey

A former tax collector who considers himself a disciple of Yeshua. He writes down everything that Ga-Nozri says, presenting what he heard according to his understanding. He is devoted to his teacher, takes him down from the cross to bury him, and is going to kill Judas of Cariath.

Judah of Kiriath

A handsome young man who, for thirty tetradrachms, provoked Yeshua to speak out about state power in front of secret witnesses. Killed by secret order of Pontius Pilate.
Caiaphas. Jewish high priest who heads the Sanhedrin. He is accused by Pontius Pilate of executing Yeshua Ha-Nozri.

Heroes of the Moscow world

Characteristics of the heroes of the novel “The Master and Margarita” will be incomplete without a description of the characters of literary and artistic Moscow, contemporary to the author.

Aloisy Mogarych . A new acquaintance of the Master, who introduced himself as a journalist. Wrote a denunciation against the Master in order to occupy his apartment.

Baron Meigel . An employee of the entertainment commission, whose duties included introducing foreigners to the sights of the capital. “Earpiece and spy,” according to Woland’s definition.

Bengal Georges . Entertainer of the Variety Theater, known throughout the city. A person is limited and ignorant.

Berlioz . Writer, chairman of the board of MASSOLIT, a large Moscow literary association, editor of a large art magazine. In conversations he “discovered considerable erudition.” Denied the existence of Jesus Christ, and argued that a person cannot be “suddenly mortal.” Not believing Woland's prediction about his unexpected death, he dies after being run over by a tram.

Bosoy Nikanor Ivanovich . The “businesslike and cautious” chairman of the housing association of the building in which the “bad apartment” was located.

Varenukha . “A famous theater administrator known throughout Moscow.”

Likhodeev Stepan . The director of the Variety Theater, who drinks heavily and does not fulfill his duties.

Sempleyarov Arkady Apollonovich . Chairman of the acoustic commission of Moscow theaters, who insists during a black magic session at the Variety Show on exposing the “technique of tricks.”

Sokov Andrey Fokich . A little man, a bartender at the Variety Theater, a swindler, a scrounger, who does not know how to get joy from life, who earns unearned money on sturgeon of the “second freshest”.

A brief description of the characters will be needed to make it easier to understand the events and don’t get lost in the question of “who is who.”

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The novel “The Master and Margarita” became not only the most famous work of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, but also one of the most mysterious books of the 20th century. Readers have stolen quotes from it, the characters have become truly iconic, and researchers of the novel have been struggling with its interpretation for several decades.

We are in website We decided to figure out why this particular novel by Bulgakov is so loved by readers of different ages and generations and what thoughts the author put into his work.

Background and intent. "Manuscripts don't burn"

The fate of the legendary novel is quite tragic: Bulgakov burned the first version, and then restored the text from memory. The writer decided to “get even” with his new work after the theater banned the production of his play “The Cabal of the Holy One.” Soon he sent the government a letter with the following lines: “And I personally threw into the stove with my own hands a draft of a novel about the devil...”

In addition, Mikhail Afanasyevich never had time to finish his brainchild: after the writer’s death, his widow, Elena Sergeevna, was in charge of bringing together all the drafts and editing. The novel lay on the shelf for more than 25 years and could have remained unknown, but Bulgakov’s wife gave life to the manuscripts, just like Margarita in the novel.

The first publication of the novel, Moscow magazine, No. 11, 1966.

In the initial version, the work was called “The Engineer’s Hoof,” and among the heroes there was neither the Master nor Margarita. The well-known name appeared only in 1937. Initially, Bulgakov intended to write something like a Russian Faustiana, and therefore Woland was the central character.

Margarita and her lover, who was initially called the Poet and Faust, appeared in the second version of the novel. By the way, before this the word “master” had not been found in Bulgakov’s works and had a rather negative connotation, since it was synonymous with the word “craftsman” (uncreative person). Bulgakov gave it a new meaning and equated it with the word “artist”.

Museum "Bulgakov House".

The book was incredibly important for the writer, as evidenced by the author’s remark found on one of the sheets: “Help, Lord, write a novel.”

Heroes and prototypes. "Never talk to strangers"

Master. There are a large number of interpretations of this image. Some believe that the prototype was Maxim Gorky or Mandelstam (the letter M was embroidered on the Master’s cap). There is also a version that the Master is the Russian Faust, a creator who is obsessed with understanding the world. By the way, in the novel many characters have doubles. So, the Master's double - Yeshua Ha-Nozri. He is also a vulnerable thinker, a man who wants to do his own thing - roam the world and preach.

Woland. When Bulgakov read the first two chapters of the novel to his friends, he asked who they thought Woland was. It is noteworthy that not everyone considered him the devil. This is probably true: he is not absolute evil. Woland is one of the variants of this evil, who is in charge of earthly problems: he establishes some kind of justice, punishes bribe-takers and fools, gives a few decent people “peace” and flies away. Woland's double in the novel - Pontius Pilate, because he is also the Law who decides the destinies of people.

Playwright Edward Radzinsky saw features of Stalin in Woland: “Under the scorching summer sun of 1937, when another devil was destroying the devil’s party, when Bulgakov’s literary enemies were dying one after another, the Master wrote his novel... So it’s not difficult to understand who was behind the image of Woland "

At the same time, Bulgakov himself denied that this image had any prototype. He said: “I don’t want to give reasons to amateurs to look for prototypes. Woland doesn’t have any prototypes.”

Margarita. In Margarita one can discern the features of both literary characters and real women. While working on the novel, Bulgakov turned to the heroine of “Faust” Margarita (Gretchen), as well as to the image of a real woman - Margarita of Navarre, “Queen Margot”. According to the researchers, they are brought together by “audacity in love and decisiveness in action.”

In addition, Margarita Nikolaevna resembles the writer’s third wife, Elena Sergeevna, because she also left her husband for Bulgakov. There is a similarity even in the description of appearance: Elena Sergeevna’s “squinting eyes” and “the witch slightly squinting in one eye” - Margarita.

Yeshua. Some believe that Yeshua is Jesus. However, Bulgakov scholars argue that it is impossible to put an equal sign between these images. In the novel, the character is about 27 years old, while Jesus was 33 years old when he was crucified. Yeshua does not remember his parents and “seems to be Syrian” by blood, which also does not quite correspond to the biography of Christ. In addition, Bulgakov's hero has only one student - Levi Matvey, and not 12.

Alexander Mirer in his book “The Gospel of Mikhail Bulgakov” writes that Yeshua is not Christ, but a God-man. A savior who saved no one, unlike Jesus. And the image of Christ is manifested in two characters: Yeshua personifies his mercy, and Pontius Pilate - his punishing essence (it is he who deals with the traitor Judas with the help of Afranius).

Pontius Pilate. Pilate in the novel differs both from the historical character and from the gospel image. The writer made his procurator deliberately “unheroic,” subject to doubts and cursing himself for a moment of cowardice. According to theater critic Vitaly Vilenkin, Bulgakov once asked him about the main human vice, and then he himself answered: “Cowardice is the main vice, because all the others come from it.”

Bassoon (Koroviev). The knight's name, Bassoon, appears to be a reference to the name of a musical instrument: its shape, with its long pipe, vaguely resembles Koroviev's skinny figure. As for the surname - Koroviev - there is a version that in Hebrew the word “karov” means “close”, and Fagot is the eldest of Woland’s subordinates. According to another version, the surname is a reference to the character of the story “The Ghoul” by Alexei Tolstoy, state councilor Telyaev, who turned out to be a knight and a vampire.

Azazello. Bulgakov took the image of the desert demon Azazel from the Old Testament. This fallen angel taught men to create weapons and women to decorate their bodies and paint their faces. It is no coincidence that it is Azazello who kills Baron Meigel and presents Margarita with a magic cream.

Cat Behemoth. If you believe the Bulgakov Encyclopedia, then the prototype of this bright character was the sea monster from the book “Apocryphal Tales of Old Testament Persons and Events.” Also, according to demonological tradition, Behemoth is a demon of gluttony.

At the same time, Bulgakov’s second wife, Lyubov Belozerskaya, claimed that the prototype of Behemoth was their huge domestic cat Flyushka. The character and habits of Flushka are reflected in the phrase of Behemoth: “I don’t play pranks, I don’t hurt anyone, I fix the primus stove.”

Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz. Most likely, this is a collective image of Soviet ideologists. Among the possible prototypes of this hero is the founder of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers Leopold Averbakh. By the way, many people wonder why Berlioz’s head was cut off. Someone believes that he was punished for not believing in God and preaching atheism to the poet Bezdomny. However, there is a version that Mikhail Alexandrovich was hit by a tram simply because Woland needed his apartment. In other words, the author says that often there is no need for a deep philosophical reason for terror and evil.

Ivan Bezdomny. Most likely, the prototypes of this hero could be the poets Alexander Bezymensky and Demyan Bedny, who published anti-religious poems in the Pravda newspaper.

Critic Latunsky. The prototype of the character who destroyed the Master's novel was a real person - Osaf Litovsky, a Soviet playwright who sharply criticized Bulgakov. The writer’s contemporaries said that Elena Sergeevna, in anger, even promised to poison Litovsky for the devastating article “Against Bulgakovism.”

Annushka. This is not the first time that a heroine with this name appears in Bulgakov’s works and always marks the beginning of extraordinary events. For example, in one of the early stories, the character Annushka Pylyaeva lights the stove and starts a fire. Also, according to the testimony of the writer’s contemporaries, Annushka was the name of Bulgakov’s neighbor.

Interpretation. “I am part of that force that always wants evil and always does good”

The novel gave rise to many of the most incredible interpretations and theories.

Some researchers, for example the writer and literary critic Dmitry Bykov, believe that there are two layers in the novel. The first is an appeal to Stalin, to whom the author wanted to convey the idea: yes, we understand that you are evil and came as the judgment that we deserve. You can do whatever you want to the common people, but please don't touch the artist.

And in this sense, the image of the Master is drawn in such a way that it would be understandable to Stalin. The Master is a creator who is driven to despair and is waiting for mercy, and he must certainly be saved, because he is called upon to heal humanity.

Some believe the message worked. In 1947, Bulgakov's widow allegedly managed to transfer the manuscript of the novel to Stalin's secretary, and perhaps that is why in the late 40s Stalin's repressions affected creative people to a lesser extent.

The second layer of the work, with its mystical and satirical component, is addressed to all readers. The entire novel is imbued with duality. Apparently, the 30s were conducive to this - Soviet citizens lived a double life. During the day everything was decent: people worked, built communism and drank water with syrup, and at night they held secret meetings with champagne and receptions with ambassadors.

Characters

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Character Groups

Total characters - 39

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Among the ancient Jews, Azazel was a goat-shaped spirit of the desert (the word “Azazel”, more precisely “Aza-El” means “goat-god”). Traces of the faith of the goat-shaped god - the devil - have been preserved in modern Jewish and Christian beliefs: the devil, who at a much later time took on the image of a man in the minds of believers, retained, however, some of his ancient external attributes: horns and hooves. Mention of the demon Azazel is found in the Old Testament Book of Enoch. This is the name of the fallen angel who taught people how to make weapons and jewelry. Bulgakov was probably attracted by the combination of seduction and murder in one character. It is Azazello that Margarita mistakes for an insidious seducer during their first meeting in the Alexander Garden: “This neighbor turned out to be short, fiery red, with a fang, in starched underwear, in a good-quality striped suit, in patent leather shoes and with a bowler hat on his head. “Absolutely a robber’s face!” thought Margarita.” But Azazello's main function in the novel is related to violence. He throws Styopa Likhodeev out of Moscow to Yalta, expels Uncle Berlioz from the Bad Apartment, and kills the traitor Baron Meigel with a revolver. Azazello gives Margarita a magic cream, which not only makes the heroine invisible and able to fly, but also gives her a new, witch-like beauty. It was the Hebrew demon Azazel who taught women to decorate themselves with precious stones, blush and whiten themselves - in a word, he taught them a lesson in seduction. In the epilogue of the novel, this fallen angel appears before us in a new guise: “Azazello flew at the side of everyone, shining with the steel of his armor. The moon also changed his face. The absurd, ugly fang disappeared without a trace, and the crooked eye turned out to be false. Both of Azazello's eyes were the same, empty and black, and his face was white and cold. Now Azazello was flying in his true form, like a demon of the waterless desert, a killer demon.”

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Alexander Ryukhin, MASSOLIT poet, who accompanied I. Bezdomny on the trip to Dr. Stravinsky’s psychiatric hospital (Chapter 6, “Schizophrenia, as it was said”). He was severely criticized by Bezdomny: “A typical kulak in his psychology, and, moreover, a kulak carefully masquerading as a proletarian. Look at his Lenten face and compare it with those sonorous poems that he composed for the first day! “Cheer up!” Yes, “Cheer up!”...and you look inside him - what he’s thinking there... you’ll gasp!” “The visit to the house of grief left a very difficult mark on him (Ryukhin”). Bezdomny’s words helped A. Ryukhin realize the meaninglessness of his poetry: “The truth, he told the truth! I don’t believe in anything I write!..” The trip left him "completely sick and even old." In the morning in the restaurant, Ryukhin ate and drank, “understanding and recognizing that nothing in his life could be corrected, but only forgotten.” “The poet spent his night, and now he understood that it could not be returned”

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An acquaintance of the Master, who wrote a false denunciation against him in order to appropriate his living space. He was kicked out of his new apartment by Woland's retinue. After the trial, Wolanda left Moscow unconscious, but, waking up somewhere near Vyatka, returned. Replaced Rimsky as financial director of the Variety Theater. Mogarych’s activities in this position caused great torment for Varenukha

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A retired woman known for her caustic character. Wherever she appeared, chaos and strife reigned everywhere. She broke a bottle of sunflower oil on the tram tracks, which was the cause of Berlioz's death. Lives on the floor below the “bad apartment”. Later, Azazello was intimidated to return the diamond horseshoe found in the entrance, given by Woland as a souvenir to Margarita (the horseshoe with diamonds was returned to Margarita)

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The director of the Griboyedov House restaurant, a formidable boss and a man with phenomenal intuition. He is economical and, as usual in catering, a thief. The author compares him to a pirate, a brig captain

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Head of the secret service, comrade-in-arms of Pilate. He supervised the execution of the murder of Judas and planted the money received for betrayal at the residence of the high priest Caiaphas

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An NKVD employee assigned to spy on Woland and his retinue, introducing himself as an employee of the Entertainment Commission in the position of introducing foreigners to the sights of the capital. He was killed at Satan's ball as a sacrifice, whose blood filled Woland's liturgical cup

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Poet, member of MASSOLIT. Real name is Ponyrev. He wrote an anti-religious poem, one of the first heroes (along with Berlioz) who met Koroviev and Woland. He ended up in a clinic for the mentally ill, and was also the first to meet the Master. Then he recovered, stopped studying poetry and became a professor at the Institute of History and Philosophy

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Entertainer of the Variety Theater. He was severely punished by Woland's retinue - his head was torn off - for the unfortunate comments he made during the performance. After returning his head to its place, he could not come to his senses and was taken to the clinic of Professor Stravinsky

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The chairman of MASSOLIT is a writer, a well-read, educated person who is skeptical about everything. He lived in a “bad apartment” on Sadovaya, 302 bis, where Woland later settled during his stay in Moscow. He died, not believing Woland’s prediction about his sudden death, made shortly before. At Satan's ball, his future fate was determined by Woland according to the theory that everyone will be given according to their faith... Berlioz appears before us at the ball in the form of his own severed head. The head was later transformed into a bowl in the form of a skull on a golden leg, with emerald eyes and pearl teeth... the lid of the skull was hinged. It was in this cup that the spirit of Berlioz found oblivion

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Nikonor Ivanovich's wife

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Chairman of the housing association on Sadovaya Street, where Woland settled during his stay in Moscow. Jaden, the day before, committed the theft of funds from the cash register of the housing association.

Koroviev entered into an agreement with him for a temporary rental of housing and gave a bribe, which, as the chairman later claimed, “itself crept into his briefcase.” Then Koroviev, on Woland’s orders, turned the transferred rubles into dollars and, on behalf of one of the neighbors, reported the hidden currency to the NKVD.

Trying to somehow justify himself, Bosoy admitted to bribery and reported similar crimes on the part of his assistants, which led to the arrest of all members of the housing association. Due to his further behavior during interrogation, he was sent to a psychiatric hospital, where he was haunted by nightmares associated with demands to hand over his existing currency.

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Administrator of the Variety Theater. He fell into the clutches of Woland’s gang when he was carrying to the NKVD a printout of correspondence with Likhodeev, who had ended up in Yalta. As punishment for “lies and rudeness on the phone,” he was turned by Gella into a vampire guide. After the ball he was turned back into a human and released. Upon completion of all the events described in the novel, Varenukha became a more good-natured, polite and honest person.

Interesting fact: Varenukha’s punishment was a “private initiative” of Azazello and Behemoth

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Satan, who visited Moscow under the guise of a foreign professor of black magic, a “historian.” At its first appearance (in the novel “The Master and Margarita”), the first chapter from the Roman is narrated (about Yeshua and Pilate). The main features of his appearance are eye defects and lameness in one leg. Appearance: “he was neither short nor huge, but simply tall. As for his teeth, he had platinum crowns on the left side and gold ones on the right. He wore an expensive gray suit, expensive foreign shoes to match the color of the suit, and always had a cane with him, with a black knob in the shape of a poodle’s head; the right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason; the mouth is kind of crooked. Shaven clean." He smoked a pipe and always carried a cigarette case with him

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A witch and vampire from Satan's retinue, who confused all his human visitors with her habit of wearing practically nothing. The beauty of her body is spoiled only by the scar on her neck. In the retinue, Wolanda plays the role of a maid. Woland, recommending Gella to Margarita, says that there is no service that she cannot provide. Gella bit Varenukha, and then together with him attacked the financial director Rimsky

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A wandering philosopher from Nazareth, described by Woland on the Patriarch's Ponds, as well as by the Master in his novel, compared with the image of Jesus Christ. The name Yeshua Ha-Nozri means Jesus (Yeshua????) of Nazareth (Ha-Nozri??????) in Hebrew. However, this image differs significantly from the biblical prototype. Characteristically, he tells Pontius Pilate that Levi-Matthew (Matthew) wrote down his words incorrectly and that “this confusion will continue for a very long time.” Pilate: “But what did you say about the temple to the crowd at the market?” Yeshua: “I, the hegemon, said that the temple of the old faith would collapse and a new temple of truth would be created. I said it this way to make it clearer"

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Jewish high priest, head of the Sanhedrin, who condemned Yeshua Ha-Nozri to death

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A young resident of Yershalaim who handed Yeshua Ha-Nozri into the hands of the Sanhedrin. Pontius Pilate, worried about his involvement in the execution of Yeshua, organized the secret murder of Judas to take revenge

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Wife of the Procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate (character from the film adaptation)

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A character from Satan's retinue, appearing in the form of a huge black cat, a werewolf and Woland's favorite jester.

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Accountant at Variety. While I was handing over the cash register, I discovered traces of the presence of Woland’s retinue in the institutions where he had visited. While handing over the cash register, he unexpectedly discovered that the money had turned into various foreign currencies, for which he was arrested

0 1 0

The surname of Latunsky, who criticized the Master for clericalism, is a hybrid of the surnames of two famous critics of the 1930s, A. Orlinsky (real surname Krips, 1892-1938) and O. Litovsky (real surname Kagan, 1892-1971), who really spoke out harshly criticism of Bulgakov

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The only follower of Yeshua Ha-Nozri in the novel. He accompanied his teacher until his death, and subsequently took him down from the cross to bury him. He also had the intention of stabbing his executioner, Yeshua, in order to save him from the torment of the cross, but in the end he failed. At the end of the novel, Woland comes to Woland, sent by his teacher Yeshua, with a request to grant peace for the Master and Margarita

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Director of the Variety Theater, Berlioz's neighbor, also living in a “bad apartment” on Sadovaya. A slacker, a womanizer and a drunkard. For “official inconsistency” he was transferred to Yalta by Woland’s henchmen

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A beautiful, wealthy, but bored wife of a famous engineer, suffering from the emptiness of her life. Having met the Master by chance on the streets of Moscow, she fell in love with him at first sight, passionately believed in the success of the novel he wrote, and prophesied fame. When the Master decided to burn his novel, she managed to save only a few pages. Then she makes a deal with Messire and, in order to regain the missing Master, becomes the queen of a satanic ball organized by Woland. Margarita is a symbol of love and self-sacrifice in the name of another person. If you name the novel without using symbols, then “The Master and Margarita” is transformed into “Creativity and Love”

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Centurion, Pilate's guard, once crippled in a battle with the Germans, acting as a guard and directly carrying out the execution of Yeshua and two other criminals. When a strong thunderstorm began on the mountain, Yeshua and other criminals were stabbed to death in order to be able to leave the place of execution. Another version says that Pontius Pilate ordered the convicts to be stabbed to death (which is not allowed by law) in order to alleviate their suffering. Perhaps he received the nickname “Rat Slayer” because he himself was German. In a conversation with Yeshua, Pilate characterizes Mark the Rat-Slayer as a cold and convinced executioner

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A professional historian who won a large sum in the lottery and got the opportunity to try his hand at literary work. Having become a writer, he managed to create a brilliant novel about Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri, but he turned out to be a person not adapted to the era in which he lived. He was driven to despair by persecution from colleagues who cruelly criticized his work. Nowhere in the novel is his first and last name mentioned; when asked directly about this, he always refused to introduce himself, saying, “Let’s not talk about that.” Known only by the nickname “master” given by Margarita. He considers himself unworthy of such a nickname, considering it the whim of his beloved. A master is a person who has achieved the highest success in any activity, which may be why he is rejected by the crowd, who are unable to appreciate his talent and abilities. The Master, the main character of the novel, writes a novel about Yeshua (Jesus) and Pilate. The master writes a novel, interpreting the gospel events in his own way, without miracles and the power of grace - like Tolstoy. The master communicated with Woland - Satan, a witness, according to him, to the events described in the novel.

“From the balcony, a shaven, dark-haired man of about thirty-eight years old, with a sharp nose, anxious eyes and a tuft of hair hanging over his forehead, cautiously peered into the room.”

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Beautiful, blonde housekeeper Margarita. She secretly smeared herself with Azazello cream, after which she turned into a witch and, riding a hog (Nikolai Ivanovich), went after Margot. Natasha and Gella helped Margarita at Satan's ball, after which she did not want to return to her former life and begged Woland to leave her as a witch

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A resident of Yershalaim, an agent of Afranius, who pretended to be Judas's lover in order to lure him into a trap, on the orders of Afranius.

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Margarita's neighbor from the bottom floor. He was turned by Margarita's housekeeper Natasha into a hog and in this form was “brought in as a vehicle” to Satan’s ball. The reason for the punishment is lust. At Margarita’s request, he was forgiven, but until the end of his days he grieved for forgiveness: it was better to be a hog under naked Natasha than to live out a century with a disgusted wife

7 1 0

The fifth procurator of Judea in Yershalaim, a cruel and powerful man, who nevertheless managed to develop sympathy for Yeshua Ha-Nozri during his interrogation. He tried to stop the well-functioning mechanism of execution for insulting Caesar, but failed to do this, which he subsequently repented of throughout his life. He suffered from severe migraines, from which he was relieved during the interrogation by Yeshua Ha-Nozri

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Kiev uncle of Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz, who dreamed of living in Moscow. He was invited to Moscow for the funeral by Behemoth, however, upon arrival he was concerned not so much with the death of his nephew as with the living space left over from the deceased. Was kicked out by Behemoth and exposed to Azazello, with instructions to return back to Kyiv

0 0 0

The doctor who examined the barman Sokov. Was visited by the demon Azazello, who “spread” first into a “vile sparrow”, then into a nurse with a “man’s mouth”. Despite his obvious medical talent, he had a sin - excessive suspiciousness, for which Azazello was punished - he received slight damage to his mind

0 0 0

Chairman of the entertainment commission of the Variety Theater. The Behemoth cat temporarily kidnapped him, leaving him with an empty suit sitting at his workplace, for occupying a position that was not suitable for him.

0 0 0

A barman at the Variety Theater, criticized by Woland for the poor quality of food served in the buffet. He accumulated over 249 thousand rubles from purchasing “second-fresh” products and other abuses of official position. I received a message from Koroviev about his death 9 months later from liver cancer, which, unlike Berlioz, he believed and took all measures to prevent it, which, of course, did not help him

15 7 1

One of the characters in Satan's entourage, always wearing ridiculous checkered clothes and pince-nez with one cracked and one missing glass. In his true form he turns out to be a knight, forced to pay with a permanent stay in Satan's retinue for one bad pun he once made about light and darkness

2 0 0

A sinner invited to Woland's ball. She once strangled an unwanted child with a handkerchief and buried her, for which she experiences a certain kind of punishment - every morning they invariably bring this same handkerchief to her bedside (no matter how she tried to get rid of it the day before). At Satan's ball, Margarita pays attention to Frida and addresses her personally (invites her to get drunk and forget everything), which gives Frida hope for forgiveness. After the ball, the time comes to voice her only main request to Woland, for which Margarita pledged her soul and became the queen of the satanic ball. Margarita regards her attention to Frida as a carelessly given veiled promise to save her from eternal punishment; under the influence of feelings, she sacrifices her right to a single request in favor of Frida

Synopsis of the paired lesson

literature in 11th grade.

Collegium teacher No. 98 Kotik A.A.

Subject. Who is the main character of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov

"Master and Margarita"?

Target. During the analysis according to images create understandingthe main philosophical and moral problems raised by the author in the novel. Identify the core idea of ​​the novel. Continue working off analytical skills, systematization of materials To performance; teach ethics of discussion and culture of communication.

Equipment:

computer, multimedia installation, novel text.

During the classes

The border between light and shadow is you.

Stanislav Jerzy Lec

1. Teacher

Everyone chooses for themselves
A woman, religion, a road.
To serve the devil or the prophet -
Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves
A word for love and for prayer.
A sword for a duel, a sword for battle -
Everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves:
Shield and armor. Staff and patches.
The measure of the final reckoning
Everyone chooses for themselves.

This is an excerpt from a poem by Yuri Levitansky -the first page of our last lesson about Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. In previous lessons we talked about the problems raised by the authorin its own way, about the actions of the heroes, each of which in one way or anotherfaced a choice and took his step, which determined not only his present, but also his future.

• What could the Master choose? (struggle) Did you choose?
• What choice did Pontius Pilate and Yeshua face?
• What a step Margarita was the most decisive?
• And everyone who gets caught in the cycle"deeds" of the merry trinity,in fact, he also chooses the road to tomorrow. Another thing is that Woland,smiling sadly, he already knows exactly what choice they will make.

The choice we make speaks volumes: about our character and its strength, about our worldview and the depth of our soul, about the search for truth and awareness the meaning of life. But the whole choice can be reduced to one question, the answer to which will be the essence of a person - Why am I doing this?

Each of the heroes of the novel, answering it, revealed the idea that was put into it by the author. Hence the polyphony of characters and the interweaving of thoughts. Whose voice is it? most Loud, who is the main character of the novel?whose idea is the most important and what is the most important idea in general - the core idea of ​​the novel? – this is what our lesson will be about today – reflection.

1. In previous lessons wetalked about the “three worlds” in the novel. (The world of the present - Moscow of the 30s; World Biblical and World of Eternity)Who personifies these worlds?(The Master and Margarita; Pontius Pilate and Yeshua; Woland). These are the main characters about whom will be discussed today.

Before we give the floor to our speakers, let's preparea table in your notebook where we will contribute the result of our thoughts about each hero.

1. Our search we will start with the main character himselfthe name that comes first in the title of the novel.

(slide 4) Master. He didn't deserve light, he deserved peace.

• Student speechwith a story about the Master as one of the main characters of the novel. (supporting questions -who is the Master? What distinguishes him from other Moscow residents and other writers? What kind of novel is he writing, why was the choice of topic already wrong? Whycritics attacked his novel so much? Why is the manuscript burned?What is the most important thing in life for him? Can he be called the most important character, since his name is included in the title of the book?)

What is the tragedy of the Master?

- What is Bulgakov's idea in calling hero Master,

without giving him a name?

Why The master “did not deserve the light,” but it was given to him peace?

- Why, despite the fact that the Master leaves the world of people, the ending of the novel

about him Sound optimistic?

What is hero image idea?

• (make entries in the table)

1. Love is above the law, above the truth and above justice, becausethe foundation of mercy and forgiveness lieslove, on her and to her thesevirtues hold on. (Patriarch Alexy II)

(Slide 5) Margarita. ... We loved each other, of course, a long time ago, without knowing each other, never seeing each other...

(supporting questions - How did the Master and Margarita meet? What were her eyes full of? Who was Margarita before meeting the Master? Musefor the Master. Margarita and Woland)

(questions for discussion - slide)

• What is the strength of Margarita?
• What's the point Margarita’s “clash” with evil spirits?

5. In the ninth grade, you wrote an essay-reasoning about which of the human vices you consider the most important, because it is fraught with the beginning of allbetrayals and crimes. Do you remember which of the vices were named then?And I promised that we will return to this topic - the main vice - in 11th grade, whenWe will read the novel “The Master and Margarita”. And here is this main vice, the progenitor of all sins according to Bulgakov-

(slide 6) “Cowardice is the most terrible vice” and its personification - Pontius Pilate .

(basic questions - who is Pontius Pilate? What is he like? How does he relate to people? How did Yeshua surprise him? Whatmade it stir in your soul? Why does he send Yeshua to execution?How was the procurator punished?)

(questions for discussion - slide)

• What distinguishes fear from cowardice?
• What choice does Bulgakov tell us about when telling the story of Pontius Pilate? What does it warn against?
• As through the image of the procurator Pontius PilateBulgakov touches onquestion about the harmfulness of unlimited power?

6. Reading the novel “The Master and Margarita”, everyone understands thatthe man standing before Pontius Pilate -a type of Jesus himself. ButM. Bulgakov, depicting Yeshua, does not show anywhere with a single hint that this is the Son of God. Yeshua is represented everywhere as a Man, a philosopher, a sage, a healer, but as a Man. And still…

(slide 7) Yeshua Ha-Nozri.Immortality... Immortality has come...

(supporting questions -wandering philosopherYeshua Ha-Nozri is a prototype of Jesus; what does he preach? What is the tragedy of the hero?)

(questions for discussion - slide)

• Yeshua came into this worldwith moral truth - every person is good. Do you agree with this philosophical conclusion of the hero?
• What does it represent?Yeshua? What is the main idea the author put into this image?
• How do you understand the epigraph (- Immortality... Immortality has come...-)to our thoughts about Yeshua Ha-Nozri?

• Is it possible draw a parallel between the images of the Master and Yeshua?

1. From the moment when a person’s worldview includes the concept of Good and Evil, and the forces personifyingthem, the image of the ruler of darkness - the Devil, Satan, Mephistopheles - appearsformidable and terrible, destroying and bringing death. And here in literatureIn the 20th century, a novel appears where the main character - the prince of darkness - is, if not charming, then attractive; if not noble, then fair.Bulgakov's Woland blurs the boundaries between good and evil, leaving the reader to think:“...what would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it?”

(slide 8) Woland. I am part of that force that always wants evil and always does good. Goethe. "Faust"

(supporting questions – How and whyWoland appears in Moscow? What is Woland’s retinue “doing” in the city? Can these acts be clearly divided intogood and evil? What is unusual about Bulgakov’s image of Satan?)

(questions for discussion - slide)

• How does the novel reveal the theme of the inevitability of retribution?
• Is Woland a dispenser of justice or an amusing Satan?
• Why is justice a “department” of Woland, and mercy is a different “department”?
• Compare the images of Woland Bulgakovand Goethe's Mephistopheles

1. So, there are five main characters of the novel, five ideas embodied in their images. Who's on youris the gaze dominant? Which layer of the novel carries the main ideological load? What is the main the thought of Bulgakov, who created the novel-testament?

(listen to students' answers)

(slide 9) The struggle between Good and Evil is eternal. And only the right choice, born in the search for truth, will preserve Man in a person, rewarding him with freedomand light. May be, in that the main idea of ​​the novel?Or, reading “The Master and Margarita”,just hear each character, just don’t be scared andlook into the mirror placedBulgakov, and, seeing yourself there, do not break the glass, butstop and think. Because not only do manuscripts not burn, but also the mirrors of eternity do not break.

Roman Bulgakova eternal because the theme is eternalThe person he touched and incorruptiblethe will he left us -

Whatever happens in the end “everything will be right, the world is built on this”

Following in the footsteps of books read.

When I graduated from school, the study of “The Master and Margarita” by M. Bulgakov was already included in the school curriculum for Russian literature.

But the book was still hard to get. I remember that we had one volume for five hooligan girlfriends.

I have read. Attentively and with sincere interest. But when it came time to write an essay on this novel, for the first time I wrote not a lot of words for five or six pages, but one short phrase: “I read it, I can answer all the questions about the text, but I can’t formulate my attitude towards the work.” And she received a well-deserved two. The only D mark in essays during my entire studies.

Then I re-read the novel, having matured, but the feeling of confusion remained. I did not experience the admiration that others spoke about with aspiration.

Confusion– that’s exactly the word. Four storylines, each of which has a special tone and meaning, and could exist on its own. A mixture of many literary genres. A very original twist in the portrayal of usually clearly predictable “evil - good” characters. Unconventional coverage of biblical events. And, forgive me for this phrase, blurry brightness personalities in the novel. Who is really the central figure in the novel?

And here’s what’s surprising: all four plot lines flow in intersecting streams for a long time, and in the end they suddenly quickly and furiously intertwine into a whirlpool and fall like a waterfall into the sea. If “Woland’s ball” was the peak, then the epilogue relaxes, fills with calm and some kind of peace. It’s like it’s all over, and it ended well….

But the aftertaste and a lot of questions remain...

I looked for Bulgakov himself in the heroes. It seemed to me that the author must portray himself in someone. I read an opinion that Bulgakov portrayed himself as a Master. And then I did something that I do very rarely (based on one novel): I became interested in his biography and other works. “Notes of a Young Doctor” allowed me to get at least a little closer to understanding the secret of Mikhail Afanasyevich’s personality. I read other works with interest, and could not agree with the fact that Bulgakov is a weak, rather weak-willed, albeit talented Master.

In general, it seemed to me like a background against which the story of Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri and Margarita, “written” by Bulgakov with special love and care, shone more brightly.

Regarding the image of Margarita, I have more than once entered into heated discussions on the topic: can she be considered that same delightful ideal of sacrificial love, for the sake of which one would even go to the stake, even to the Devil.

I have expressed bewilderment more than once: why was she sitting with her dried mimosa next to her unloved husband when her Master disappeared??? I can’t imagine how you can not dig your nose into the earth, not go crazy with worry and anxiety, not look for Him, without fearing anything in the world. Just the thought that suddenly he needs me, but I’m not around at that moment, would not allow me to drink, sleep, or eat until I find him and make sure that his life is in order.

The outburst of anger with which she destroyed the apartments of the offenders is also incomprehensible. Well, I definitely wouldn’t have time for this if I knew (or even just hoped) that I was about to meet my long-awaited loved one. And then, when they were given peace, I again tried it on myself and became sad: is peace needed in eternity? Master - perhaps. He lives in the world of his novels and will not be bored. And Margarita?

And then I remember Nezhdana Yuryeva’s poem from the cycle “Basement, lilacs, cigarettes...” with the lines “I love you so much, my Master... why.. am I dreaming of Woland more and more often at night?”.:)

In any work, we often look for ourselves in the characters - we recognize our own traits, or admire, noticing in the image what we would like to have in ourselves. I didn’t find my image in The Master and Margarita. At all. I returned to this novel several times at different periods of my life, and kept looking for “my” clothes both among the comical Muscovites and among the mythical characters born of the author’s imagination.

By this point, I know that more than anything in the world I would like to “live” in the novel… as Pontius Pilate’s dog. The one that helped him forget a little about the exhausting headache...

Woland’s phrase, which has become an aphorism, that “you should never ask for anything from the powers that be” also seemed somewhat controversial to me.

Although one can expect such support and justification for the sin of Pride from the Devil. But the question is simpler: if you never ask for anything, HOW will this “someone” even know that you exist in the world?

Those. Roughly speaking, how does Putin know that Vasya Pupkin from the village of Toporishche needs anything at all in this life?

Perhaps my words lead to the idea that I do not like the novel as a whole, but in fact this is not the case.

In fact, the novel gave me a lot. Starting from the desire to walk around “Bulgakov’s” Moscow, from the Patriarch’s bench, repeating the path of Ivan Bezdomny, trying to guess where exactly that very basement could be located...

And ending with the first understanding of the integrity of the universe, in which Evil exists within the whole, and not “on the other side.” Perhaps this is my subjective perception, into which all sorts of shreds of world teachings and religions later “settled down”...

About the film adaptation by V. Bortko.

Sometimes the film adaptation disappoints, erasing both the plot and the images. This was the case, for example, with the English series about Sherlock Holmes, where Watson, contrary to all my expectations, turned out to be an elderly man with an absurd character. “In The Master and Margarita,” only Koroviev, performed by A. Abdulov, was a little different, but he charmed me so much that when I last read the book, I already saw Koroviev-Abdulov in my imagination. It seems to me that everything worked out.

I will be happy to listen to any opinions on the topic of “The Master and Margarita”; I will be grateful for competent information about the history of its creation, and points of view, even diametrically opposed ones. Thank you.