How to protect yourself from ticks. How to protect yourself from ticks in nature and at home. Infection through goat's milk

The tick is a carrier of infectious diseases; in terms of the number of transmitted infections it ranks second after the mosquito (22 bacterial, 3 viral and several protozoal). There are a lot of ticks in nature, but not all of them are capable of causing harm to humans.

Viral infection affecting central and peripheral nervous system, - tick-borne encephalitis - transmitted by ixodid ticks. Severe complications of this acute infection can lead to disability, paralysis and death.

What should you pay attention to after a tick bite or if you suspect a bite if you did not find a tick on your body? Local signs: inflammation on the skin at the site of the bite, redness in the form of a ring that is steadily expanding. Itching and rawness appear only after 6-12 hours, or even later.

The disease itself begins acutely, accompanied by chills, severe headache, a sharp rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain. The back, neck and lower back are mainly affected.

Removing the tick

What to do if you find a tick attached to your body? It must be removed as soon as possible short term. It is advisable to immediately contact any regional 24-hour trauma center. If this is not possible, then the tick will have to be removed yourself. Remember that lubricating the bite site and the tick itself with ointment, kerosene or sunflower oil is useless.

The removed tick must be preserved to be examined for tick-borne infections. To do this, place the extracted tick in a glass bottle along with a piece of cotton wool, slightly moistened with water, and close the lid tightly. For microscopic diagnosis, it must be delivered to the laboratory alive.
If, based on the results of the study, it turns out that the tick was infected, the victim is injected with immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis. Its administration is effective only within 92 hours after the bite. Later it is useless.

If you are bitten by a tick, it is better to go to city emergency rooms.

Routes of infection

Anyone can become infected with tick-borne encephalitis, even those who do not travel outdoors. Ticks attack not only outside the city, but also in city gardens and parks. True, neither in parks nor in forests do ticks rise to a height above 75 cm, so stories about how they “jump” from trees should be treated as a myth.
Remember that branches, bouquets, and brooms brought from the forest may contain ticks; after a walk, your animals may bring them into the house.

Peak activity of ticks and, accordingly, infection infectious diseases in Russia it falls in May-June. They are most aggressive on warm days from 8 to 11 am and from 5 to 8 pm. With the onset of heat or during rain, they are little active.

How to protect yourself from ticks?

There are several ways of contracting tick-borne encephalitis. Depending on them, preventive measures are taken.

The natural way is through a tick bite, which is practically not felt because it secretes an anesthetic substance. Transmission of the virus can occur in the first minutes of tick suction to a person and during blood sucking. Therefore, when going for a walk in the forest, make sure that your clothes protect your body as much as possible from crawling ticks. The collar of the shirt should fit snugly to the neck and the sleeves to the wrists. The shirt is tucked into the pants, the ends of the pants are tucked into socks and boots. It is advisable that the fabric of the clothing be lint-free. Be sure to put a hood, cap or scarf on your head.

Use deterrents - repellents that are used to treat open areas bodies and clothes. Particular care should be taken to treat areas where ticks crawl - sleeve cuffs, collars, ends of trousers. Choose clothes light colors- ticks are more noticeable on it.

How to protect yourself from tick bites in nature? While walking, regularly inspect yourself and your companions - they should also inspect you, shake off any ticks they find. Carry out a detailed inspection at home. Please note Special attention on the neck, armpits, groin area, ears. In these places the skin is delicate and thin, so the tick likes to attach itself there.

Places for halts and night sleep in nature must be cleared of dry grass, branches, brushwood within a radius of 20-25 meters. You can make a "circle" on the ground or around your tent using repellent spray.

The next route of infection is nutritional, that is, through food, goat or cow's milk infected animals. The milk of infected goats takes on a pinkish tint. By the way, not only raw milk is contagious, but also products made from it: cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream. So you should not drink raw milk (it is better to boil it) and do not buy questionable dairy products.

The contact path is possible if you crush the tick with your hands, and there are microcracks on them. Therefore, when detecting and removing a tick, try to save it entirely.

Specific prevention

These are preventive vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis, emergency seroprophylaxis with specific immunoglobulin, treatment of areas of natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis, clearing of suburban forests, promotion of methods and means of personal protection against tick bites.

Vaccination is mandatory for risk groups, which include those whose activities involve staying in the forest - foresters, geologists, builders, hunters, employees of country health institutions, tourists. The risk group also includes summer residents and children traveling to health camps. They should also take care of vaccinations.

Routine vaccination is carried out according to the scheme and includes three vaccinations. The first is held on the selected day. The second - after 1-7 months. The third is revaccination after 12 months. It is necessary to complete the entire vaccination course 2 weeks before leaving for an area unfavorable for tick-borne encephalitis. Vaccination is the most reliable protection from tick-borne encephalitis.

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A tick is an animal that is often called an insect, but in fact this creature does not belong to them, since it belongs to the order of arthropods, the class of arachnids. Among the representatives of the group of ticks, there are species that are harmless to humans and others that are very dangerous. They often carry diseases that can lead to death, so it is important for everyone to know what the danger is, how to protect themselves from ticks and how to provide first aid in case of a bite.

The tick looks like a brown spider. Its body size changes significantly during the saturation process. A hungry tick can be up to 0.3 cm long, a well-fed tick can be more than a centimeter.

Ticks are carriers various diseases, the most dangerous of which are tick-borne encephalitis - inflammation of the brain and borreliosis, which affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

The consequences will be severe if health problems are not detected in time and treatment is not started in a timely manner. In addition to these diseases, you can become infected through a bite different types fevers, typhoid, viruses - there are about 60 diseases in total, but they manifest themselves extremely rarely.

When sticking to the skin of a person or animal, the tick injects a substance into the victim’s blood that does not allow pain to be felt at the site of the bite and can itself be very small. It is difficult to notice and can be discovered later long time when the tick has already burrowed deeply and the likelihood of infection is high. For this reason, it is doubly important to know how to protect yourself from ticks in the forest, in the park, or in the country.

Where are ticks found?

Most often, ticks can be found in coniferous forests, ravines, and on roadsides. They live and reproduce in a humid environment: under old rotten leaves, in the soil and in the grass. They are more active in wet weather; if the day is dry and clear, they become more dangerous in the mornings and evenings.

Contrary to popular myth, they do not live in trees, but cling to animal fur and people’s clothes, climbing to do this on low plants – up to 1 meter. There are about 10-12 times more ticks along the paths than in the forest, since the likelihood of finding food for them here is much greater.

Recently, these arthropods are also found in cities, especially in forested areas, from where they can be brought into the house by pets or people themselves.

Ways to protect yourself from a tick bite

The question of how to protect yourself from ticks in nature is faced by tourists, lovers of going out and relaxing in nature, forestry workers and people of other professions associated with staying in forests and fields.

In the spring, you can get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis - they will help in case of a bite to avoid contracting the disease. Vaccinations are done several weeks before the tick season and are especially important for those who often visit the forest or work there.

It is safer to move in open, dry places, in hot weather, avoiding clearings overgrown with small bushes and grass; on forest roads, try to stay as far away from the roadsides as possible.

Clothes for hiking in the forest should be made of smooth fabrics that ticks cannot catch on, and have tight-fitting cuffs and collars. Pants must be tucked into boots, shirts and T-shirts must be tucked into pants, jackets must be tied with a belt if there is no elastic at the bottom. You should definitely put a hat on your head or tie a scarf and put on a hood to prevent the tick from slipping down your collar.

Once every 30-40 minutes, inspect your clothing, since the tick, clinging to it, will crawl for some time in search of a place to bite. They choose places with thin skin - behind the ears, armpits, on the neck, elbow bends, under the hair, in the groin, under the knees.

Tick ​​protection

Another option on how to protect yourself from ticks in the countryside and in the forest is to treat skin and clothing. by special means, for gardeners this method, along with periodic inspections, will be the most effective.

All means are divided into repellent or repellents and those who kill - acaricides. There are drugs with combined effects. Repellents are applied to the skin or clothing, acaricides are applied only to clothing due to toxicity.

All products must be checked for allergenicity, applied to the skin, avoiding contact with the eyes, nose and other mucous membranes, and treated without wearing clothes. Be sure to read the instructions before use.

First aid for a tick bite

The first thing you need to do is get the bug out as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infection. To prevent infection from getting into the wound, it is treated with any antiseptic before removing the tick. You need to pull it out carefully so as not to crush the body and spread disease.

You can remove a tick by making a loop of thread to grab it, unscrewing it with tweezers, and lubricating the bite area vegetable oil and especially not with kerosene.

There is another dangerous myth in this regard, that these liquids will not give the tick the opportunity to breathe and it will begin to crawl out on its own. They may not allow you to breathe, but it will take a couple of hours, and on top of everything else, the tick may die, and this will only complicate your treatment. Therefore, we pull out this bug as quickly as possible, and the most effective method this is a thread. The author of these lines had to pull it out this way, it is the most convenient. Having wrapped the tick, we twist it swaying from right to left, usually a few movements are enough and do not pull too hard at once, so as not to tear the tick into two parts.

If the head still comes off when twisting, then wipe the bite area with alcohol and remove the residue with a sterile needle. The bite may hurt for several days due to inflammation and may not heal for a long time.

After all procedures, the bite wounds are disinfected, as are the hands of the person who removed them.

In case of redness of the bite site, enlarged lymph nodes, fever, pain, rashes, immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe tests, treatment or preventive measures.

With the onset of the warm season, the owners summer cottages every weekend is spent at fresh air. Before planting crops, they need to dig up and fertilize the soil and make beds. However, protection from encephalitis ticks- the first thing summer residents should take care of.

Work on the sites begins in May. The last month of spring is the time when ticks are most active. They wake up after hibernation and go in search of food. If not accepted preventive measures, the risk of a jig bite will increase.

There are two periods when ticks are most active:

• May June. At this time, the soil heats up quickly. The humidity level is at high level(up to 70%). These weather conditions are ideal for ticks to breed.
• Aug. Sept. These months are dangerous for animals due to the activation of specific types of ticks. The threat to humans is not so serious.

How to protect yourself from ticks in the country?

Ticks carry dangerous diseases. The most famous are encephalitis and Lyme disease (borreliosis). There are several methods of protection. This and folk remedies, and treating the area with chemicals.

The following control methods will help against ticks in the country:

1. Clearing the area of ​​grass. The lawnmower is the enemy of insects. They can't stand bright light sunlight, so they prefer to sit in the shade. They die quickly in short grass, so don’t be lazy and weed the area and trim the lawn on time.
2. Protection against intrusion into the territory uninvited guests: hedgehogs, mice, neighbors cats and dogs. Remember, animals are the main carriers of ticks.
3. Planting plants around the perimeter that repel insects. These are chamomile, chrysanthemum, wild rosemary, lavender, mint, rosemary.

If you feel that the above measures are not enough, consider spraying chemical substances. Then you won’t have to think about how to protect yourself from ticks on your summer cottage. However, heavy rain washes the reagents out of the ground, and the protection weakens.

Remember, the admission of people and animals to the territory is prohibited for 3 days after treatment.

Want to protect yourself from itches?

1. Don't go naked. Give preference to closed clothing. A dangerous insect will not overcome the barrier of boots, pants and socks.
2. Before getting dressed, apply repellents to your clothes to repel ticks and mosquitoes.
3. Carry out regular inspections. Carefully examine the scalp, armpits, neck, and groin area.
4. Get vaccinated. Remember, vaccination will not protect against tick attacks, but it will help cope with possible consequences bite.

Above we told you how to protect yourself from ticks in your dacha. However, pets also need care.

How to protect a cat from ticks?

1. Application to the collar special drugs. Before using the medicine, consult a veterinarian. He will select the product and explain how to apply it.
2. Using shampoos with anti-mite components. We recommend bathing cats with this product every two weeks.
3. Marks on wool. This method is risky, since licking the substance is harmful to the animal. It can only be applied to the back and under the chin. A preliminary consultation with a veterinarian is required.

Ticks are dangerous insects. However, fear of them should not ruin your life. The methods described in the article will help reduce the risk of an itching bite.

A small, inconspicuous tick bites unnoticed, and the consequences of contact are often disastrous.

These insects carry infections (tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis), which have terrible consequences: paralysis, deafness and even death. How to avoid picking up a tick in nature, when these insects are most active, and what to do if you are bitten by a tick? The editors of Find out.rf have collected the most reliable methods of protection against ticks.

You can often hear the phrase: “Don’t walk under a tree, otherwise a tick will fall down your collar.” In fact, ticks do not live on trees and do not fall down on people. Ticks live in the grass and do not rise above 120-150 cm.

Therefore, when going out into nature, look for a parking place with trampled or very low grass, on open area. Don't run in high gravel without protection and don't let your pets do it.

Where does the tick bite?

Having made its way onto a person’s skin, the tick does not bite immediately, but looks for a “tasty” area of ​​the body. They are attracted to sweat, especially from men, so after returning from the forest, be sure to examine yourself in the shower, paying attention to heavily sweating or particularly tender parts of the body with vegetation:

• armpits
• popliteal fossa
• elbow cavities
• groin area
• behind the ears
• lower back
• hairline

Symptoms of tick venom entering the body:

• redness, the spot increases over time;
• fever, sweating;
• muscle and headaches;
• fear of light;
• irritability.

How to protect yourself from ticks in the forest

Clothes: what to wear to avoid being bitten?

Choose socks with a thick elastic band, tuck your pants into your boots, and tuck your top into your trousers. Cuffs and collars should fit snugly to the body. You must put a hood or scarf on your head and tuck your hair under it.

Today, vaccination is the most effective way to protect against tick-borne encephalitis.

How to protect your child from ticks

Do not allow children to sit or lie in the grass during peak tick activity. Get vaccinated, take care of closed clothing before going out into nature. Check your baby during walks every half hour. When you get home, check your clothes carefully. When sending your child to travel alone, put a tick repellent in your backpack. Do not spray repellent spray on the palms of your hands to prevent the chemical from getting into your child's mouth.

How to remove a tick at home: video

Never twist the tick with your hands.

One of the most convenient ways– pull out the tick with tweezers. The method is even suitable for removing small, newly attached ticks. Better fit curved (specialized tweezers for removing ticks are sold in pharmacies), but you can also use ordinary cosmetic ones. Grab the tick parallel to its body, not at an angle; closer to the head, and not in the center of the body. Do not remove it with a jerk, but rotate it smoothly along the axis. It is believed that it is better to remove a tick counterclockwise.

How to remove a tick correctly

Another way is to remove the tick using a syringe. You buy a regular syringe at the pharmacy, take out the needle and carefully cut off the tip from the plastic body. Then you need to “cover” the tick with the resulting semblance of a pipe and pull the piston. Thanks to the resulting vacuum, the tick will come out of the body carefully and painlessly. The only downside is that you may end up with a bruise.

How to remove a tick with a syringe

2. Soothe itching and reduce redness using ice and antihistamines.

3. Make inquiries about the epidemiological situation in the region.

4. Consult a doctor if symptoms of poison exposure appear.

The editors of the site wish you health and hope that you will not have to flee from dangerous insects.
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Greetings, dear readers! Spring is in full swing! Every year the May holidays become a kind of vacation for the majority of the population of our country. This time is quite enough to work in your favorite dacha or garden, go out into nature with a group, barbecue and have fun! In general, each of us is looking forward to this big weekend. In order not to ruin your weekend and avoid getting tick-borne infections, I offer you some tips on how to protect yourself from ticks.

The fact is that when we are in the forest or in the country, we have a high probability of sucking ticks. Today we will talk about ixodid ticks. They are the carriers of such dangerous diseases as tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne borreliosis, which are most common in Russia during the spring-summer season.

It seems that these are all truisms, but suddenly someone doesn’t know how to act in this case and not get sick. So these tips are just for them.

Why should we protect ourselves from tick bites? Of course, so as not to get sick from these infections. The most unpleasant thing after a tick-borne infection is the complications. The most dangerous and severe complications after tick-borne encephalitis can be paralysis and paresis of the limbs. Deaths do occur, but are now extremely rare, as many are vaccinated against this infection. , used in Russia, is very effective, so those vaccinated with tick-borne encephalitis do not get sick.

How does a tick attach itself?

People do not notice the moment the tick suctions. Only later, a few hours after suction, do they notice the appearance of some new “wart” or pimple in unusual place. And they notice a tick that has already drunk quite well with blood.

The fact is that a tick, having attacked a person walking among bushes or tall grass, does not immediately attach itself. He first crawls on a person’s clothes for some time, and only after finding open place in clothes, crawls onto the body. Then he crawls around the body for some time, looking for a place convenient for suction. Places where ticks attach: most often this is thin skin on the chest, armpits, genitals, stomach or behind the ears.

The moment of the bite is painless, so the person does not notice it. Because, along with saliva, the insect injects an anesthetic substance.

How to dress?

Regardless of whether you go to work in the country or relax in nature, pay attention to your clothes. Try to dress so that insects do not have a chance to crawl onto your body. Be sure to wear socks and tuck your pants into boots. The sleeves of a jacket or sweater must fit tightly around the wrists. Put a scarf on a woman's head, and men wear mosquito nets (this is a hat with a net).

Don't forget to take repellent with you to repel ticks and other insects. Now you can find repellents in the form of sprays or ointments on sale in any supermarket or market shop. They are used to treat exposed parts of the body. The use of repellents provides 100% protection from insect attacks: after sniffing this “chemistry” (they are also living beings), they will weaken and possibly fall off your clothes.

You can use folk remedies. Any blood-sucking insects, do not like the smell of cinnamon, cloves, camphor, Chinese and even “triple” cologne.

You can make a protective mask yourself. Take a piece of gauze and boil it in 1 liter of water with 1 tbsp. cinnamon powder or cloves for a few minutes. Dry without rinsing. When visiting the forest or working in the country, put a mask on your head like a scarf, this will also help repel insects.

How to protect yourself at the dacha?

The greatest danger is posed by dachas located near forests. Stays at the dacha since autumn high grass and bush. Before starting work, first of all, remove all dried grass and old dried bushes. These are where ticks can be found. Therefore, when working in the country, dress appropriately, as described above.

How to protect yourself in nature?

When going on vacation in nature, it is important to choose right place for relax. This should be a place located away from trees, bushes, thick grass, preferably in an open and ventilated area.

Around the resting place you can lay out branches of wormwood, tansy, rowan branches or flowering bird cherry. This will also repel not only ticks, but also mosquitoes.

Very often people take dogs with them on nature trips. They are unlikely to sit near their owners; they immediately examine all the surroundings and can bring ticks on their fur. Therefore, treat your dogs with some repellents too.

And one more very important point. When returning from nature, why not take home a bouquet of wildflowers or a few birch branches for brooms to take a steam bath. Here again danger awaits us. We can bring ticks home with bouquets of flowers or branches. This is very dangerous, especially if there are small children in the house. Therefore, before you bring flowers home, hold the flowers or birch branches some time outside the living space.

Preventive measures

Ticks do not attach immediately. You can find an insect that has not yet attached itself in time; for this you need to periodically examine yourself and each other. Do not crush a tick you find! Is it dangerous! There can always be tiny wounds and abrasions on the skin of the fingers that we may not even notice. It is through them that the tick-borne encephalitis virus can enter the blood from a crushed insect. The likelihood of developing the disease in this case is high.

If you notice that the tick has already attached itself, remove it carefully. Some people lubricate its back with oil. It's useless, it doesn't help. Then how to remove a tick? To do this, tie a thread around the proboscis and, gently shaking it from side to side, carefully remove the insect. If the proboscis comes off, then remove it like an ordinary splinter. Lubricate the suction area with any disinfectant.

It is better to remove a tick in a qualified manner as soon as possible medical institution. Please watch this video and you will learn how to remove an attached tick using a thread.

It is better to submit the attached tick to a virology laboratory for examination. Within 1-2 days you will be given a result in which you will find out whether “your” tick was infectious. If the tick is infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus, then for preventive purposes it is necessary to begin a course of treatment with iodantipyrine according to a scheme that is easy to remember:

• 2 days take 3 tablets (dose of 0.1 tablets) 3 times a day;
• 2 days take 2 tablets 3 times a day;
• 2 days, 1 tablet 3 times a day.

The medicine is taken orally after meals.

If the tick has been infected with Borrelia, which causes tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), antibiotic therapy with one of these drugs is carried out for prophylactic purposes: doxycycline (it is safer for the gastrointestinal tract). Take 0.1 (1 tablet) 1 time per day for 5 days. It is contraindicated in children under 8 years of age. If more than 5 days have passed since the tick was bitten, but no more than 10 days, then doxycycline administration is extended to 10 days. In the absence of preclinic, it can be replaced with other antibiotics, but you must always consult with an infectious disease doctor.

According to existing regulatory documents in case of tick bites in children (regardless of their age), they are injected with anti-tick immunoglobulin at the rate of 0.1 ml per 1 kg of the child’s weight.

Infection through goat's milk

Tick-borne encephalitis can be contracted through goat's milk. This is possible when you consume unboiled milk. That is, in order not to become infected, it is necessary to consume goat’s milk only boiled or in soups or porridges.

Finally interesting fact about ticks. There is an opinion that only female ixodid ticks attach themselves. Males are concerned with fertilizing the female. But this is just a misconception: by the time he gets to the female, he gets hungry and also attaches himself and begins to drink blood. There is also an intermediate stage between larvae and mature individuals - these are the so-called nymphs. They are very small, up to 1 mm in size. But they also feed on blood. The virus of tick-borne infections in the population is inherited. So, if the tick is contagious, then we can say with 100% certainty that we can become infected through a bite.

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Be healthy! Taisiya Filippova was with you.