How does a brick oven work? Not cramped and not offensive: a small brick oven will heat the whole house and won’t take up much space. Why is it rude - rude

This article contains clear, very detailed photo instructions for masonry. brick oven do it yourself, tips on how not to make a mistake when choosing necessary materials and how to properly place a stove in a private home for optimal heating of a larger area.

Options for installing a stove in the house

The placement of the stove depends entirely on what exactly the owners expect from it. If it is installed in the house small area and will be used as a fireplace for friendly gatherings, you can use the first scheme. This stove is a good option for cooking barbecue on the grill or kebabs.

Brick kiln placement options

The second scheme is for a house of solid square footage. IN in this case the front side of the fireplace opens into the living room, stove walls both bedrooms are heated, and the heat in the remaining rooms is maintained using heat exchange.

The third scheme with a stove for heating and cooking - a budget option housing for a bachelor or a small family. Pros - warm bed and the possibility of placing a dryer in the hallway.

Important: you should take care in advance external insulation at home, because it greatly increases the efficiency of stove heating.

Selection of bricks, sand, mortar

In order for the stove to serve for a long time, you need to select all the materials correctly. There are three types of bricks:

1. Ceramic - can be used to build a stove.
2. Silicate ones are generally not suitable in this case, even double M150.
3. Fireproof - ideal, but they are often used only for fireboxes and fireplaces, varieties: fireclay, refractory bricks, etc.

Advice: when choosing a brick for a stove, you need to completely abandon the hollow types.

The solution is made from clay. Red clay is suitable if the stove is made of red brick; when using fireclay, a special one is required fireclay clay. Some stove makers still make their own solution from the old fashioned way. river sand with a grain of 1-1.5 mm, clay (in a ratio of 2.5:1) and water. It is advisable to use an angular quarry sand without foreign inclusions and the so-called fatty clay. However, it is easier and more reliable to buy a ready-made baking mixture in the store, preparing it according to the instructions.

From the accessories you need to purchase grates, ash and furnace doors, soot cleaners, valves or dampers.

Preparation, list of tools

Before starting work, you need to determine and mark the place that the new stove will occupy.

The chimney pipe should be no closer than 15 cm from the roof rafters.

If you are doing masonry for the first time, professional stove makers advise you to practice in advance by making a model of the future stove from prepared bricks. Naturally, without a solution. This minimizes possible risks during real masonry, allowing you to learn from your mistakes, which can still be corrected in the layout.

The stove foundation requires preliminary waterproofing; its area must exceed the area of ​​the stove.

When laying a new row, you need to control the absolute verticality of the walls.

To build a brick kiln, the following tools are needed:

• plumb line;
• trowel;
• roulette;
• putty knife;
• Bulgarian;
• knitting wire;
• building level;
• metal strips, corners;
• containers for cement and clay mortar.

Step-by-step instructions with photos for laying a stove

Different stove makers have their own masonry technologies and own secrets, come with years of experience. Here is information about a fairly simple way to create a stove-fireplace for heating two-story house, the process will not seem extremely difficult even to novice stove makers.

Foundation laying

The base course of brickwork will serve as the foundation. It is done with any brick; some stove makers even fill this level with crushed stone.

When laying the base row, cement mortar is used.

The foundation is completely filled with mortar, the layer is leveled.

Construction of the furnace body

The first row of stoves is marked. The horizontal line from which they start when marking is the wall of the room.

A grate is placed where the fireplace is planned to be placed. From this row, the bricks are already laid on the kiln mortar.

An important stage of work is the scrupulous alignment of each new row by level.

Laying the second row. The stove wall, located closest to the wall of the room, is reinforced with additional bricks to increase fire safety.

The place where it will be located in the 2nd row remains empty, the rest of the oven is filled in completely. A door is installed through which the owners will clean out the ash.

The door is installed on the solution and leveled. For a more reliable fixation, it is secured with wire, which must be laid between the bricks.

The grate is laid not on a simple brick, but on a refractory brick. To ensure that it lies at the same level as the bricks, holes are cut in the fireclay bricks.

The size of the brick can be easily adjusted - the excess is measured and carefully cut off.

The large door is mounted next to the installed grille.

The large oven door is similarly secured using wire fasteners.

The first row of fireboxes is placed exactly above the fireplace, it is reinforced with metal corners and a strip or thick tin. So that the masonry can lie on them, it is cut using a grinder, then the slots are adjusted manually to the desired size.

The next brick row is laid.

For refractory bricks on a par with brick row The fireplace grate is installed.

The door is fixed, the brick is strictly adjusted to it.

The firebox of the new stove and fireplace is ready.

Fire-resistant fireclay bricks are placed above the stove firebox.

The stove body is built.

Creating a chimney

The space left for the chimney is divided into wells. The design requires reinforcement with metal plates.

Brick chimney wells are laid.

Soot cleaners are mounted above the firebox roof.

The wells are divided again, the first rows of walls should be reinforced with strips of metal.

After strengthening, the ceiling of the furnace body is erected. The space associated with the chimney remains empty.

The body cornice is laid out, then the chimneys are laid.

The final stage of work on the first floor. The stove is located at the bottom left, the smoke inside the chimneys moves in a spiral and comes out at the top left. The final division of wells closes tin sheet. In order to compensate for the pressure inside the fireplace stove, 2 brick rows are laid on the tin.

There are two chimneys stretching to the second floor of the house - from the fireplace and the stove itself, they are separated from each other. Each chimney requires the installation of a separate damper.

Floor level of the second floor. Waterproofing is installed here, the chimney is again reinforced with metal corners. To save money and avoid building a heating stove on the second floor, the chimney of the stove under construction is again divided. The smoke will snake through it, managing to warm up the room. In order for the chimney to warm up much faster, it is laid in the area of ​​the second floor with a thickness of 1/4 or 1/2 brick.

A hole for the stove chimney is carefully cut out in the roof.

Before placing the chimney on the roof, it is reinforced with metal corners.

If the chimney is located in close proximity to the roof ridge, it must be laid out at least 0.5 meters above the ridge. If further, then the height of the chimney is allowed equal to the height of the ridge, but not lower. In this case, the wind increases the stove draft, lifting the smoke upward.

Even a small stove in the house means coziness and comfort. Stoves bigger size require increased skill and additional materials, however, the principle of their construction is similar to the method described above.

Late autumn and in early spring At the dacha there is not enough comfort - the house becomes damp and cool. The problem can be solved electric heater, but in country house It is better to give preference to a traditional wood-burning hearth. The heat from a stove or fireplace warms not only the body, but also the soul, filling the room with a special aroma and comfort. To build a mini-oven with your own hands, you don’t need high costs– cost homemade unit will cost much less ready-made devices.

Heating and cooking country stove: where to start and how to build

Small-sized stoves, despite their small size, are installed on a reliable foundation. Only in some cases can you get by with reinforcing the floor. Experienced craftsmen they work without diagrams and drawings, and beginners are recommended to take the procedures of reputable stove makers as a basis.

Design diagram and materials

This square mini brick oven is ideal for small house, is characterized by simplicity, compactness and good efficiency. The design includes a low chimney with a channel cross-section of 13*13 cm. The stove has an oven that allows you to cook and heat up dishes. The cabinet is made of sheet steel, but if desired, it can be replaced with a ready-made oven of suitable dimensions.

Appearance and design of the furnace

To lay a wood-burning mini-stove, a fire-resistant mortar is required. You can prepare it from clay yourself, but it will take more time, and the result will depend on the quality of the clay and correct definition its fat content. It is much easier to trust the manufacturers and purchase a ready-made heat-resistant mixture in the store - in this case the product will only need to be diluted clean water in the proportions indicated on the packaging.

Dimensions of the compact design: 51*51 cm, hearth height - 175 cm. To strengthen the firebox, be sure to use fireclay bricks - they are not afraid of direct contact with the flame and do not crack. The walls of the mini-oven for country house laid out with red bricks.

Consumption of materials:

• ceramic bricks – 170 pieces;
• refractory masonry mortar– 35–40 liters;
• firebox door size 23*25 cm;
• blower door (13*14 cm);
• cleaning door (13*9 cm);
• grate (25*18 cm);
• valve (12*34 cm);
• steel sheet;
• steel wire - about 2.5 m;
• roofing felt for waterproofing.

Layout diagram and oven drawing

The first row, as always, is laid out without mortar. On the second row, install the ash door using steel wire for fastening, and lay the ash pan. On the fourth row, a grate is laid, providing a gap of about 4 mm between the grate and the masonry.

The installation of the fifth row begins with the installation of the combustion door. The door frame is wrapped with asbestos cord, and the door is walled into the masonry using steel wire. This is followed according to the diagram: an oven, a smoke duct, and a pipe are formed.

Baby stove with stove and oven

Another mini-stove for a summer residence has dimensions at the base of only 51 * 64 cm, while the depth of the firebox is 50 cm. The model is perfect for a country home or summer kitchen. You can use firewood, coal, peat, briquettes as fuel.

Design features and materials

Despite its small dimensions, the compact stove is quite functional and equipped hob and an oven, which allows you to use it not only for heating the room, but also for household needs. According to reviews from those who have already built this assistant at their dacha, a kettle on the stove boils in literally minutes.

Compactness was maintained thanks to the vertical placement of all elements. The chimney has a cross-section of one brick. Exhaust gases pass through channels located behind the cooking chamber and then enter horizontal chimney, go around the oven on both sides and go into the chimney.

Mini-oven diagram for a country house or summer kitchen

Materials required for construction:

• red brick – 220 pieces;
• masonry mortar made of clay or ready-made - about 50 liters;
• grate;
• steel sheet (pre-furnace) size 50*70 cm;
• steel strip 4 mm thick with parameters 350 * 25 cm;
• slate sheet 51*30 cm;
• valve - 2 pieces;
• firebox door;
• 3 cleaning doors;
• blower door;
• oven (32*38*42 cm);
• stove (38*35 cm) with one burner.

Laying order

The first row of a mini-brick oven is laid without mortar. After the second row, a blower door is installed, the next row is placed and the firebox begins to be formed. The grate is laid without mortar. The sequence diagram clearly shows where and how the doors, stove, oven and valves should be installed.

For guard ceramic bricks lining is carried out against fire - fireclay refractory bricks are laid in a separate row. It is important to remember that different types of bricks cannot be tied together - they have different temperatures extensions. Neglect of this rule leads to cracks.

Option for beginner stove makers: a stove with a cast iron firebox

A mini-brick oven can be built with your own hands based on a ready-made cast-iron firebox. Cast iron fireboxes are durable - they do not crack or burn out. This option is more suitable for beginners, since the design already includes all the basic elements. The combined stove heats up quickly and cools down for a long time, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency of the fireplace. If desired, you can choose a fireplace type hearth with a fireproof glass door– this model will not only heat, but also decorate the room.

Before starting work, prepare a strong and level base. To do this, you can pour a small concrete podium. The lining of the cast iron firebox is made in half a brick, leaving between the walls and the lining air cushion thickness from 1 to 10 cm. Additionally, it is necessary to provide small ventilation holes in the lower part of the building - they will ensure the release of heated air and improve heat transfer.

Example of lining a cast iron firebox

You can start building a mini-oven with your own hands only if you have firm confidence in your knowledge and skills. Any doubt is a good reason to postpone independent work and entrust the construction to a professional stove-maker.

Video: laying a small country stove with your own hands

No one a private house cannot do without a traditional heating and cooking stove made of brick. And although many homes today are equipped gas heating, most owners are in no hurry to give up a brick stove, since it provides special warmth - warmth hearth and home, filling the home with comfort and a sense of calm. In addition, in regions rich in forests you can significantly save on costs. natural gas, having acquired firewood.

The desire to remodel a house, including moving a heating and cooking stove, can often come down to the nuances and subtleties of the stove business. You will learn how to build a stove with your own hands in this material.

There are many types of stoves, but not all are used in private construction.

Types of stoves for private homes:

1. Heating(fireplaces, sauna heaters);
2. Cooking(oven exclusively for cooking);
3. Universal(heating and cooking).

The latter variety is considered universal, therefore it is most common in private construction.

Furnace structure and its properties

After looking at sketches and designs of brick stoves and choosing a specific option, you should pay attention not so much to its external design as to the internal structure. The design of a heating and cooking furnace determines its performance, and ultimately its service life.

The internal design of a heating and cooking stove does not depend on the location of the device itself in the house. The kitchen stove can be located in the middle of the room, in a corner or against a wall.

Basic structural elements heating and cooking furnace:

• Shantsy (heat-air channels);
• Ash pan (or ashpit);
• Grate (for connecting the firebox with the ash pan);
• Under (slope to the grate);
• Combustion chamber;
• Burnout (smoke exhaust);
• The furnace vault (separates the combustion zone from the post-burning zone in the combustion chamber);
• Vent (hole through which heat enters the heated room);
• Exterior wall;
• Smoke circulation (Channel connecting combustion chamber with chimney);
• Overlap;
• Chimney;
• Indentation (the space between the chimney and the stove);
• Smoke valves;
• Heat-dissipating walls.

The heat output of a stove is determined by the amount of thermal energy released by the stove per hour and depends on the amount of fuel used. Heat capacity (the ability to retain heat from burned fuel) is measured in hours. Various ovens have different levels of heat capacity, which also depends on the degree of insulation of walls and ceilings, windows and doors of the house.

The location of the stove in the house affects the amount of heat. A house with a stove in the middle will be warmer.

Russian stove and its structure

A Russian brick stove is installed on a foundation, since its structure is quite massive. In its design, the Russian stove includes a podpechok, used to store fuel, which dries in it and easily flares up when the stove is lit. The bakehouse is closed with a vault-trough, onto which a bedding in a clay solution is poured. The bottom of the cooking chamber is installed on top of the bedding.

The Russian stove has a special design that differs significantly from the traditional heating and cooking stove in terms of heat transfer coefficient and other parameters. During heating, even for a short period, a Russian stove accumulates heat and is capable of releasing it for 24 hours.

To ensure that the Russian stove does not consume excessive amounts of fuel, does not smoke and does not cool down in a matter of hours, when constructing it, it is important to follow the exact masonry technology and dimensions included in the diagram. Bricks forming internal organization ovens are trimmed and polished so that the walls inside the heil are even and smooth.

Also in its design, the Russian stove includes a combustion chamber, which is its heart. The firebox is divided into a cooking chamber or bakery and a firebox (furnace). The floor of the furnace has an inclined design, which must be made exactly according to the drawing when constructing a Russian stove.

The crucible is the main secret that Russian cuisine hides. Some dishes need to simmer in the cooking chamber for a long time after cooking. Achieve such an effect or create similar conditions for preparing Russian cuisine using the usual hob or an electric oven is not possible.

The main secret that distinguishes the Russian stove from the traditional one is the smoke channel of the simplest design, which is superior in its efficiency to the smoke channel devices of other stoves.

Making a Russian stove with your own hands (video)

Design selection

The choice of furnace type depends on its operating conditions:

1. Heating and cooking stove. If you plan to use the stove intensively in your home, it is better to choose a heating and cooking stove with a massive device and regular heating. In the construction of such a furnace, its structure, consisting of many cold bricks, is first heated, then heat transfer begins.
2. Heating stove. For a house in the mountains or a summer house, where permanent residence not planned, a fireplace will suffice. Although it has a small heat capacity (2 - 3 hours), it is able to warm up a room much faster than a massive stove. This design will allow you to quickly warm up during the cold season.

A brick heating stove can be installed with or without a foundation. Most lightweight design assembled into a quarter of a brick (the brick is placed on its edge). In order to give it strength, a frame made of metal corners. A massive furnace requires a foundation, which should not be connected to the support of the building. In the case of a separate chimney, it also requires its own foundation.

Deciding on size and power

The heat transfer level of the heating and cooking furnace must exactly meet the possible heat losses, which depend on the temperature outside the house, as well as the degree of insulation of walls, windows, doors, and ceilings.

The size and design of the future furnace is determined by its power.

Furnace structure. Where to begin?

The laying of any stove cannot be started without a project or drawing, which must include the location and dimensions of the structure, as well as the outlet of the chimney without disturbing the load-bearing elements of the building. It is also necessary to calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the furnace. The diagram or design of the future furnace is drawn up on the basis of this calculation.

It is quite difficult to independently create a project or drawings of a heating and cooking stove, so you can use the services design organization or information on the Internet.

Tools and materials

When the furnace design is approved, you can prepare for its laying.

To fold the stove with your own hands, you need to have on hand:

• Stovemaker's hammer (trowel);
• Master OK;
• Construction level and plumb lines;
• Measuring tape;
• Cement-sand mortar;
• Hand-held power tools (hammer, grinder, etc.);
• Red brick;
• Fireproof brick (burnt);
• Facing brick;
• Mortar for masonry made of clay and sand;
• Heat-insulating and moisture-proof materials;
• Stove fittings and appliances.

Laying a stove with your own hands. All stages

Like anyone construction process, laying a stove with your own hands is done in stages.

Scheme this process includes the following items:

• Construction of the foundation. The foundation can be laid not from a whole brick, but from a broken brick. The foundation used is not for everyone furnace structures, but if you are building a Russian or massive stove, you cannot do without its device.

In no case should the support of the future furnace come into contact with the foundation of the building, since they have different settlements and if they are misaligned, the furnace may crack and its operation may be disrupted, and this is a fire hazard.

The depth of the foundation depends on the weight of the furnace structure and its design, and the support area must exceed dimensions oven at least 5 cm around the entire perimeter. The foundation is leveled with baked brick masonry in two rows on cement mortar to floor level. When forming the first row of masonry, it is necessary to achieve a flat horizontal surface in accordance with the level, since the quality of the design of the entire furnace will depend on it. Next comes a layer of waterproofing, for which you can use ordinary roofing felt or roofing felt; the material is laid in two layers.

• Furnace laying. The first row is laid on top of the waterproofing. Brickwork From each row you should start without mortar, leaving gaps between the bricks equal to the future seams (3 - 5 mm). Next to the place corner brick the mortar is laid and leveled with a trowel. The brick itself is immersed in water and kept there until all the air comes out. The “recessed” brick is removed from the water and placed correctly on the mortar, tapping it with a trowel to level it. Excess solution is removed with a trowel.

What is a brick kiln? country house? This is an opportunity to heat your home all winter without using gas or electricity. Moreover, the feeling of comfort that comes from the stove is difficult to confuse with anything. There is nothing better than leaning against her hot wall at the end of the day, enjoying the warmth.

Modern construction technologies allow you to fold the stove in such a way that one good kindling will last you until the morning. In addition, a properly created design retains internal heat for 10-12 hours.

If you keep the fire in the stove a little at a time, you can heat it 24 hours a day with minimal wood consumption. In addition, it is not necessary to put firewood in the firebox. You can use special coal. But for this, the stove must be folded in a special way. Using fireproof stone that can withstand high temperatures.

It is also worth noting that stoves can have many modifications. For example, the structure can be folded in such a way that a fireplace will also be attached to the stove. It will not take up much space, but will give even more warmth and comfort to the home. In addition, one pipe is enough to extract smoke from two fireboxes.

Types of furnaces

The history of the evolution of stove designs goes back many centuries. It’s no wonder that building a heat-efficient and reliable stove is a real art. But with proper preparation and diligence, you can do it yourself, here is a good video instruction:

You can fold a stove using many methods. At the same time, there are a number of parameters that determine the specifics of the future stove:

1. Purpose.
2. The temperature to which the walls should be heated.
3. The time required to heat the walls and the amount of fuel required for this.
4. Chimney design.
5. Heat transfer level.
6. Scheme of gas movement in the channels.
7. Form.
8. External wall finishing material.
9. Main material.

Based on all these parameters, you will build the stove of your dreams. The main thing is still initial stage make a drawing with detailed diagrams. The project must describe in detail all the features future design. But before that, you need to decide what type of stove you need.

Folding a heating stove is the easiest way. She performs main function- gives warmth to people and homes. Such designs do not provide any additional functionality, but are reliable and easy to use, for which they have won a lot of sympathy among summer residents.

Naturally, all heating stoves are classified according to heat output, the time required for kindling and the degree of heating of the walls. It is these parameters that you need to rely on first of all before you build the stove with your own hands.

If you expect to get a stove with moderate heating, you can fold it into one brick. Such ovens heat up slowly and also cool down slowly. average temperature walls about 60 degrees.

Heating stoves cannot be called a refinement of architectural thought. But the massive design and simple forms create a feeling of monumentality. In addition, if you skillfully lay the brick in this stove, it can become an excellent decorative element.

Moreover, do not forget about the exterior decoration. After you have assembled the stove, you can plaster it and lay tiles on top. Firstly, this will protect the structure from destruction, and secondly, it will give it a beautiful and aesthetic appearance.

Important ! Before you build a brick heating stove with your own hands, keep in mind that it requires a lot of material.

Typical representatives of the family of heating stoves include such designs as:

• "Dutch"
• OPT-3,
• Triangular oven,
• Grum-Grizhimailo stove,
• OTP-11
• Rectangular heating,
• T-shaped.

These stoves are rarely very popular. The fact is that in order to put them together it takes a lot of time and materials, and as a result the functionality turns out to be poor.

Very often in country houses the owners decide to build a heating and cooking stove. This structure has many advantages compared to a conventional stove. You can cook food on it without any problems and even comfortably, using pine, birch or yew firewood.

Important ! About 90% of orders from stove makers are for heating and cooking structures.

The main element of such a furnace is hob which is made from cast iron. The oven is not built in everywhere, since folding it requires considerable skill. The most advanced designs have the following additional capabilities:

• bread baking chamber,
• couch,
• niche for drying firewood,
• water heating boiler.

In fact, the number of additional functions depends solely on your capabilities and desires. In fact, from a simple stove you can create a real multifunctional food processor, which will become the main decoration of the kitchen. It's not even worth talking about savings. In addition, food made on such burners always tastes better.

Attention ! The efficiency level in heating and cooking structures reaches 65%. Heat capacity is about 4 kW.

Such stoves can hold heat for a long time. Moreover, they provide powerful traction. The main thing is to fold everything correctly so that the smoke goes directly into the chimney and not into the room. The most common designs:

• "Swede",
• Volkov oven,
• "Housekeeper",
• "Teplushka"
• "Little one."

As you can see, there is a huge variety of heating and cooking stoves on which you can easily and profitably family budget cook something delicious.

Designs with heating panels are a cheap solution that includes all the functionality necessary for a dacha. To put together such a structure, you need a minimum of materials and physical labor. 175 bricks are enough for a complete masonry.

Despite minimum costs during construction, the efficiency of the furnace is more than high. This type stoves are increasingly popular among older summer residents due to their convenience and low cost.

There are stoves for the bathhouse to the side. Usually these are simple heaters, not distinguished by any architectural delights. Their the main role- heat the water in the bath and effectively increase the temperature. Such heating stoves can store heat for two days.

Advice ! The main advantage of heaters is the ability to adapt them to any room.

Of course, the classification of furnaces is not limited to these types. In fact, there are a huge number of types, which are classified according to many parameters. The most popular systems have just been described.

Which brick is better to build a stove from?

It is necessary to distinguish between ordinary heat-resistant bricks and stove bricks. Firstly, the latter can withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees. Secondly, if it is cooled sharply, cracks do not form in the structure.

Four types of stove bricks are used to build stoves:

1. Quartz. This brick is the result of firing sand and clay.
2. Carbon - consists of graphite.
3. Fireclay. Best suited for a fireplace. But its unique thermal insulation qualities cannot be discounted. It can withstand temperatures up to 1600 degrees. At the same time, it does not crack and does not lose its qualities. The only negative is the yellowish tint.
4. Basic - used when you need to fold a metallurgical furnace.

In fact strict rules regarding the choice of materials for masonry during construction, no. Nevertheless, there are some recommendations that are best followed, the main one concerns fireclay bricks. It must be placed in the hottest places, namely in the area of ​​the firebox and chimney. For all other zones, the grade must be no lower than M-200.

Attention ! The best brick for the stove is considered to be M-500.

Making a stove with your own hands

Selecting a location

To build a good heating structure, you need to choose the right place. The following standards must be taken into account:

1. From the smoke channel to wooden structures must be more than 37 cm.
2. The minimum distance of the pipe from the ridge is one and a half meters. The height above the ridge is half a meter.
3. If there is 1.5-3 meters from the pipe to the ridge, it can be placed flush with it.

It is best to put the stove in the middle of the house. This will ensure uniform heat distribution and ease of use.

Materials and tools

In addition to bricks, you will also need a number of other materials to build the stove. These include:

• clay,
• sand,
• fittings

These are the basic materials without taking into account the components, but you also need to take care of the vent doors, the vent, the firebox, and so on.

To fold good stove you need to mix the right solution. It is best to use special refractory clay; in extreme cases, red clay can also be used. Sand grains should be no more than 1 mm. Optimal ratio achieved experimentally. Usually it is 1 to 1 or 1 to 2. Plus 25 percent of water from the total volume of clay.

The fundamental role in the construction of the furnace is played by metal objects. To put together a decent structure, you need doors and half-doors, grates, cast iron dampers, latches and views. If necessary, all these elements can be made with your own hands, but you will need to purchase iron sheets.

Of course, without good tools folding the oven will not work, you will need:

• hammer-pick specially for the furnace,
• Master OK,
• ruler-rule,
• wash brush,
• roulette,
• plumb line,
• level.

With this simple toolkit you can build any stove.

The process of building a stove

For the foundation, a pit is dug, backfill and a reinforced frame are made. The resulting structure is filled with concrete. Before you put the stove together, make sure you have diagrams of the bricks in front of your eyes.

It is very important to maintain order when working. Otherwise, you won’t be able to build a high-quality stove. The slightest deviation in the design will lead to one of the channels being blocked. The result is more than disastrous. Instead of coming out through the chimney, the smoke will go indoors.

The first row is laid along the cord. Each subsequent masonry is checked using a level. Angles are controlled by body kits. After the masonry is completed, it is installed furnace equipment, for example, burners. The pipe comes out at the very end. To find out in more detail, how to fold a stove, watch the video below:

At a time when a stationary solid fuel stove was the only existing means home heating, the profession of a stove maker enjoyed great popularity and respect. To date, for the arrangement individual heating you can use many different units operating on a wide variety of fuels, but brick kilns still remain in demand.

Nowadays, finding a truly competent stove maker is not an easy task. And you don’t need to do this, because you can build a full-fledged stove with your own hands.

Main types of furnaces

Before you start laying a stove yourself, familiarize yourself with the features of existing varieties of such units. The stoves are:

• heating. Designed exclusively for heating. Such ovens have extremely simple design and posted in as soon as possible and with the least effort compared to other types of structures;
• heating and cooking. The most popular and sought after option. At the same time they heat the house and allow you to cook food;

There are also improved varieties of heating and cooking stoves with built-in kitchen stove or even a full-fledged oven.

Fireplace stoves belong to a separate category. This great option for a modern private home. Similar designs cope perfectly with the tasks of heating rooms and have an attractive appearance. A properly laid out and finished fireplace stove will be a worthy addition to the interior of both a small country house and an expensive private villa.

The diagrams of modern stoves distinguish them not only by their purpose, but also by their shape. Most often, rectangular and square shape. But if you wish, you can lay out a round oven. Select a specific option taking into account the characteristics of the room and your own preferences.

Of course, you can lay out the oven yourself, and numerous diagrams will help you do this in the shortest possible time. However, when performing such work, remember that any oven, regardless of its purpose, shape and other characteristics, must fully comply current standards fire safety.

Choosing a location and type of foundation for the stove

Before starting to lay the stove, pay due attention to finding a place to place it. For example, if the unit is placed in the middle of the room, it will be able to give off much more heat, warming up from all sides and evenly heating the air around.

If you place the stove against the wall (and this option is used most often), the floor will constantly “walk” cold air. Therefore, you need to make your own decision in this regard.

Preliminarily determine the installation location of the combustion door. This element must be installed so that in the future you can load fuel into the stove as conveniently and quickly as possible, without spreading debris from firewood or coal throughout the house. Usually combustion door placed on the side of the kitchen or some little-frequented room.

Ready brick stove will have quite an impressive weight. In order for the device to stand as reliably and as long as possible, you need to prepare an individual concrete foundation for it.

Furnace design features

Traditional brick ovens have a fairly simple design. However, the apparent simplicity at first glance makes it possible to achieve very high levels of productivity and efficiency.

The main elements of the brick stove body are the firebox and chimney. Cooking ovens additionally equipped with stoves and/or ovens; it is also possible to install a tank for heating water.

The firebox is main part furnace unit. It is into the firebox that firewood or other fuel used for heating is loaded. The firebox can have a wide variety of sizes. When determining suitable dimensions, several important factors need to be taken into account, such as:

• type of fuel used. If you will heat the stove with wood, make a firebox 50-100 cm high;
• required performance;
• required volume.

To arrange the firebox, use refractory bricks. The thickness of the walls of the structure in question cannot be less than half a brick.

The chimney is also one of the main elements of any heating stove. The chimney is designed to remove flue gases with various harmful inclusions formed during the operation of the stove.

At the chimney design stage, try to think through everything so that its design has a minimum number of bends and turns. Ideally, the chimney should be completely vertical. Any kind of bends will lead to deterioration of traction and a decrease in the efficiency of heating the room.

To the number important elements The design of a brick oven includes an ash pit chamber. Ash will collect in this compartment. Also, through the ash pan, air is supplied inside the unit to the fuel. The ash chamber is located under the grate and is equipped with its own door. Traditionally, the height of the ash pit is 3 bricks.

What mortar should I use for masonry?

Reliability and durability directly depend on the quality of the masonry mortar finished oven. The masonry will be carried out using a sand-clay based mortar.

There is nothing complicated in preparing the solution. Take clay, fill it with water and soak it. Sift the mixture through a sieve and then stir into “clay milk.” Finally, add some water to obtain a sufficiently viscous and plastic solution.

Remember, the reliability and strength of the stove directly depends on the correct preparation of the masonry mortar. If you do everything right, the stove will effectively heat your home within for long years. Violate the technology or decide to save a lot on materials - the thermal unit is unlikely to be able to fully reveal its potential and stand for any length of time.

Main stages and important features of furnace laying

From the moment the foundation is poured to the start of construction, 3-4 weeks should pass. During this time, the base will gain the necessary strength and will be able to withstand the weight of the brick oven. The work in question requires maximum responsibility and concentration on the part of the performer. Any mistakes can lead to irreparable consequences, so get ready for the work in advance and allocate enough time to complete it.

The laying of the furnace is carried out in several stages.

First stage. Lay out the ash pan and the lower part of the first cap from brick. Carry out the laying using the previously discussed sand-clay mortar.

Second phase. Install the ash pan door into the masonry. Use galvanized wire to secure the door.

Third stage. Install a grate over the ash pan chamber.

Fourth stage. Mount the firebox. Cover inner part this compartment with refractory bricks. Lay the bricks “on edge”. At this stage you need to use a special masonry mortar. It is prepared in the same way as the standard one, but instead of simple clay, refractory clay is used, i.e. fireclay. Secure the combustion chamber door using a steel plate and the wire you are already familiar with.

Fifth stage. Carry on standard masonry until you reach the 12th row. Having reached this row, close the combustion chamber and lay the tiles with burners evenly. This stove must be made of cast iron. Check the evenness of the installation using a building level.

Sixth stage. Lay out the first cap. It is erected at the left edge of the stove. At the same stage, a canal for the summer passage is being built.

Seventh stage. Install the stove and line the walls of the cooking compartment. Lay out the previously mentioned lower cap.

Eighth stage. Install the valve for the mentioned summer passage channel. This valve is located in inner corner cooking compartments.

Ninth stage. Lay the masonry up to the 20th row. When you reach this row, close the brewing compartment and the first hood. Be sure to leave the required number of holes in the solid masonry for the summer passage and lifting channel, as well as the vent for the cooking compartment. Place the bricks on steel corners - this will ensure higher strength and reliability of the stove.

Tenth stage. Close the portal of the brewing compartment with hinged fireplace doors. It is better if the doors have heat-resistant glass inserts. This solution will allow you to monitor the fuel combustion process and admire the flame.

Eleventh stage. Install cleaning doors for easy soot removal. For installation, choose a location that is easiest for you to get to.

Twelfth stage. Lay out the walls of the hood almost to the top edge of the wall opening. Cover the top of the stove with a couple of rows of bricks. Fill the gap between the top of the stove and the jumper with mineral wool. Thanks to this, additional thermal insulation will be provided and heating efficiency will be slightly increased.

Thirteenth stage. Place a decorative band around the upper perimeter of the unit.

Fourteenth stage. Proceed with the installation of the chimney. It is better if the chimney is made of brick. This design will last much longer than the same metal or asbestos pipes.

At the end, all you have to do is lay out the chimney to the end and, if desired, complete external finishing stoves. The simplest option is plastering. For the rest, be guided by your own preferences and available budget.

Thus, although laying the stove is not a simple task, it can be done with your own hands. It is enough to simply understand the technology and follow the instructions in everything. Remember, materials for work must be of the highest quality. And the stove diagrams, proven over the years, will allow you to independently build a unit that will long years heat your home efficiently without any problems or complaints.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself stove laying diagrams