How does a tandoor work? How to make a tandoor at your dacha: from a brick, wooden or plastic barrel. Clay tandoor from a wooden barrel

The construction of a brick tandoor has recently attracted everyone more people. Today we will tell you how to make a tandoor from brick with your own hands.

Although at first glance this is simple work, but this one is not. If you take classic version, then it’s difficult to do. But for beginners there is also modern methods, you can practice on this.

Design and principle of operation

To decide how to make a tandoor out of brick, you first need to understand the principle of operation of the system. After all, without knowing this there is no point in starting work. A tandoor is a kind of clay vessel designed for preparing various dishes.

• In the lower part of the vessel there is a blower to provide traction, and in the upper part there is a hole intended for adding fuel and installing cooked dishes.
• To increase the efficiency of such a stove, a clay vessel is lined with brick, and a material capable of storing heat for a long time is poured into the gap between the brick and the clay base of the stove. It could be sand, salt, clay, etc.
• The heat released during the combustion of fuel is accumulated, and the walls of the tandoor are heated to a temperature of 250ºС-400ºС, and temperature conditions in tandoor they are stored for 3-4 hours.
• Throughout this period, bread can be baked, boiled or fried in the oven. The design of the stove allows the accumulated heat to be released not outside, but inside the stove, due to which such high efficiency is achieved.
• The heat in the tandoor is distributed evenly throughout the entire volume, due to which the meat is fried evenly, the pilaf is unique, and the bread is surprisingly aromatic.

Method of making clay tandoor

Real craftsmen use classical ancient technology, which consists in sculpting the tandoor, not building it. The basis is clay of Akhangar origin, which has high thermal insulation characteristics.

So that the furnace can withstand high temperatures and cracks do not appear on the clay structure, camel or sheep wool. Making a tandoor from brick is a modern and more affordable option.

Attention: Making such a stove with your own hands is quite difficult, since the exact composition of the clay solution is not known. Therefore the composition will be important point manufacturing.

The technology can have the following operations:

1. Clay (kaolin) is mixed with wool (the fiber size can be in the range of 10-15 mm). The finished mixture should be viscous and, in consistency, resemble thick sour cream.
2. After this, the clay mixture dries out within a week and reaches its proper condition. Throughout the entire drying period, the mixture is constantly stirred to obtain a homogeneous mass. If during this period moisture appears on the surface of the solution, it must be drained immediately. IN ready mixture There should be a minimum of moisture, and in consistency, the mixture should resemble dense, homogeneous plasticine, from which various shapes can be sculpted.
3. You can begin to sculpt a tandoor from such plastic material. Work starts from the bottom, around the circumference with constant upward movement. Tandoor has standard sizes: height – 1-1.5 meters, main diameter – 1 m, neck diameter – 0.5-0.6 meters.
4. On initial stage moldings in the lower part of the vessel, leaving a hole for the blower. The thickness of the walls of such a vessel is within 5 cm.
5. After completing the process of forming the tandoor, and it will really resemble a clay vessel with a diameter of 1 m, having a narrowing and a neck with a diameter of 0.5 m, the finished structure is left to dry in the shade for 1 month.
6. After the base of the tandoor has dried and there are no cracks on it, it is installed in Right place and lined with mamot bricks. As the masonry rises to the neck of the furnace, sand, clay or salt is poured into the space between the masonry and the clay structure and compacted thoroughly. At the same time, it is necessary to control the efforts so as not to disturb the masonry. As a solution, you can use a traditional clay solution, with the addition of quartz sand and plasticizer.
7. Then, the resulting structure is coated with cotton oil. Naturally, such an operation is carried out from inside the tandoor.
8. Finally, the most important operation is carried out, which can last for 24 hours. During this time, the clay acquires the properties of ceramics, while the firing temperature rises slowly so that the kiln does not crack.

To learn more about this stove, as well as find out what a tandoor actually is, you can watch the video in this article.

Simplified design of a tandoor with a barrel at the base

Some craftsmen, having tried to make a tandoor with their own hands, point to the fact that to make it you should have some experience. As a result of such efforts, it is not possible to obtain a perfectly even structure around the entire circumference: it is slanted here, crooked there.

As a result of this, a new approach was formed and a new technology for manufacturing such a stove was developed. This technology is based on the principle of obtaining a similar design in the process of forming the base of a tandoor using a wooden barrel.

To do this you will need:

• Kaolin (clay).
• Fireclay sand with grain size up to 0.5 mm.
• Camel or sheep wool.
• Wooden barrel.
• Vegetable oil.

The work is as follows:

• A barrel is taken and filled with water so that the wood swells, after which the water is drained and the barrel is given some time to dry out a little.
• During this time, prepare a clay solution in combination: 1 part sand, 1 part clay and 0.5 parts wool, after which it is left for several days until the desired consistency and homogeneity is obtained.
• Before starting to form the tandoor, the inner surface of the barrel is lubricated with sunflower oil and left for 12 hours to soak.
• After this, they begin to apply the clay solution to internal walls wooden barrel. The thickness of the layer can be within 4-5 cm. A small hole for the blower is left in the lower part of the structure. A neck of the required size is formed in the upper part.
• After completing the sculpting process, finished design together with the barrel, placed in the shade to dry. This process can last 3 weeks or more.
• After drying, and together with the clay structure, the wooden one also dries, which at the end of drying will lag behind the clay one, the wooden barrel is disassembled. To do this, metal hoops are removed from the barrel.
• The freed tandoor is placed on a thick sand bed, after which it is fired. To begin with, a small fire is lit in the tandoor and maintained for 6 hours, after which the tandoor is covered with a lid and, adding fuel, the temperature is brought to maximum.
• After this, a slow cooling process is carried out, which can last up to 6 hours. We can safely say that the Asian stove is ready if no cracks are found on its surface.

Attention: For a tandoor to become a real tandoor, it should be lined with bricks and insulated with clay or sand to increase energy efficiency.

A modern version of tandoor

Making a classic Asian tandoor from clay requires not only skill, but also patience. Get a structure the first time that will not fall apart before it is finally installed, having gone through all technological processes, is quite difficult and, most likely, it will be like luck. Now let’s look at how to make a brick tandoor in detail. Its price will not be high and therefore it is worth trying.

• First, we are making a brick tandoor project. There can be a brick tandoor, horizontal or vertical.

Attention: Horizontal tandoor It will be a little more difficult to make from brick from the vertical option. Here, simply fastening the brick will need to be supported up to completely dry.

In order not to take any unnecessary risks, you can make a stove similar to a tandoor, but from refractory brick. Although appearance Such a stove will be slightly different, but it will perform its functions.

To make a brick tandoor, you need to have the following materials:

• The brick for the tandoor will require fireclay
• You will also need clay mortar for masonry.
• Fireclay clay (kaolin).
• Cement, sand, reinforcement, crushed stone.
• Wooden template.

Attention: You choose the dimensions of the brick tandoor in this option yourself. It all depends on the area and your desire.

The work on manufacturing an ala-tandoor stove involves the following steps:

Stage No. 1. Construction of the foundation

To begin with, you should find appropriate place, after which a hole of suitable diameter is dug.

• Usually, the diameter of the pit is slightly larger than the diameter of the future stove.
• Sand for a pillow, 10 cm thick, is poured onto the bottom of the hole. Reinforcement is laid on top of the pillow and poured concrete mortar.

Attention: At the same time, you need to make sure that the surface is horizontal. To do this, you can use a building level.

Stage No. 2. Laying out the brick walls of the kiln

The walls of the future furnace are laid out in a circle with a diameter of 1 meter.

• In this case, the brick is installed on the end, and with the help of a wooden template, a regular circle is formed.
• Laying is done using a kiln mortar made on the basis fireclay clay, quartz sand and plasticizer.
• In the lower part brick construction an opening should be left for the blower. To do this, you can use a metal ash door.
• For a stove 1-1.2 m high, it is enough to lay out four rows of bricks placed vertically on the end.
• From the last row of bricks it is necessary to form the neck of the tandoor, for which the bricks are laid at a certain angle.

Attention: They may need to be trimmed with a grinder, otherwise it will be difficult to form the neck. The slope is made inside the brick structure.

Stage No. 3. Clay coating and finishing

On the inside, the structure is coated with a layer of clay, about 5 cm thick, and on the outside, the structure is finished with natural stone.

Stage No. 4. Kiln firing

The kiln firing technology is the same as for firing classic tandoor. First, the structure should be simply dried over low heat. And about three times. After this, you can already use the tandoor for its intended purpose and not be afraid of anything.

You now know how to build a brick tandoor. I would like to say right away that a clay structure will be less labor-intensive to manufacture.

Only here you need to pick correct composition. It’s easier to make a brick tandoor, but it won’t be quite a classic. So look at the photo and choose your option.

Cooking over an open fire is one of the oldest forms of culinary art.

Nevertheless, even today we love to pamper ourselves with barbecue and other dishes prepared in a similar way.

Almost every non-nomadic people has their own national stove or other device for cooking over an open fire. U eastern peoples From the Caucasus to northwestern China, food was traditionally cooked in a tandoor oven.

What kind of oven is this?

A tandoor is a stove made of clay or ceramics, hemispherical in shape, with a round neck.

Enr can be lit with both coals and brushwood. Food for cooking and fuel for lighting are placed in the throat, which is one of the main distinctive features such a stove.

Origin story

The word tandoor is of Turkic origin, and was originally the Turkic analogue of the Russian stove. It stood in the house of every resident from the Caucasus to China, and performed its main function - heating the home.

Over time, this oven spread beyond the Turkic world. Its phenomenal properties were quickly appreciated by other nations.

The special design of this stove allows it to maintain a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius in its throat, which allows you to cook food quickly with unsurpassed taste, while maintaining all its beneficial properties.

Although today this oven is used mainly for preparing meat dishes, traditionally bread and other baked goods were baked in it.

Choosing a site for construction

The tandoor is traditionally installed on a clay platform. Therefore, you need to choose a level place to install it.

You can also specially dig a small foundation for laying the platform so that the furnace is not located too high.

For safety reasons, the structure should not be installed near electrical wires and gas communications. It is also recommended to clear the ground around the stove of dry leaves and branches.

The tandoor can be installed indoors, for example in summer kitchen in the country. This arrangement is convenient for cooking, but then you will need to build a chimney.

But since this stove can be used outdoors at any time of the year, installing it on fresh air shouldn't be a problem.

The photo shows a diagram of the installation of a tandoor at the dacha

What designs are there?

Tandoor can be:

• stationary;
• portable;
• with a vertical throat;
• with horizontal neck

The classic tandoor is always stationary. Traditionally, it is lined with bricks to retain heat, and installed on a reliable, specially prepared platform.

The modern design is often portable for ease of use in the country. This stove can be installed on any flat surface.

Most modern tandoors are made with a vertical throat, since their main purpose is to prepare barbecue and other meat dishes. Vertical option universal. You can cook almost any dish on it.

A stove with a horizontal neck, common in Central Asia, is only suitable for cooking samsa and bread. Horizontal option installed so that the throat is directed towards the horizon.

Is it possible to make it yourself?

A factory-made design is quite expensive, so many barbecue lovers have the idea of ​​building such an oven themselves.

Anyone can construct a tandoor with their own hands, and this will not require large expenses, because any owner of a dacha should have all the necessary components.

Master class: portable design

To make a portable tandoor with your own hands you will need:

• large outdoor flower pot;
• medium flower pot;
• small tabletop flower pot with perforated bottom;
• a metal disk with a hole in the middle (a weight for a barbell or dumbbell assembly is suitable);
• pebbles for landscape design;
• The only tool you need is a hacksaw.

First step

First you need to take a large outdoor flower pot and place it on the ground, on a flat surface in vertical position.

Then place a small tabletop flower pot with a perforated bottom in this pot in the same vertical position.

For stability, place in small pot metal pancake. This pot will be used as a firebox.

The constructed structure must be checked for strength by shaking it different sides. If she “walks” freely around the dacha, you need to take a heavier disc.

Second step

The bottom of a medium flower pot needs to be sawed off with a hacksaw.

There is no need to throw it away, as we will still need it.

Then the pot with the bottom cut off needs to be turned upside down and placed evenly in a large pot.

Third step

As a result of the first two steps, a free cavity was formed between the walls of the large flower pot and the inverted medium one. We need to fill it with pebbles for landscape design.

On the one hand, this allows you to maintain the desired temperature in the throat, and on the other hand, it serves as a good decorative element.

Thus, we have a tandoor. In the throat, which serves as the upper part of the middle pot, you need to put coal or other solid fuel, and light it up.

After which the oven will quickly reach the desired temperature so that you can cook meat delicacies over an open fire.

The cut bottom of the middle pot will serve as a lid to retain heat while the oven heats up.

In the video you can clearly see how to make a tandoor with your own hands:

Stationary design

You can also build a stationary tandoor at home. It is somewhat more difficult to build than a portable one, but it is possible.

If you have recently carried out renovation and construction work, you probably have everything you need.

For construction you will need:

• 2 medium floor terracotta flower pots;
• fire bricks;
• multi-colored refractory bricks for facade work;
• cement mortar.

Tools you will need:

• angle grinder;
• a container for stirring the solution and a spatula;
• hacksaw.

First step

A stationary tandoor requires the construction of a platform. To prevent the stove from being too high, we will make a platform below ground level.

To do this, you need to dig a rectangular hole in the ground and fill it cement mortar. After the solution has hardened, the surface must be sanded and you can proceed to the next stage.

Second step

Now you need to build a base of refractory bricks, which must be laid on a cemented surface. Multi-colored façade bricks should be laid out in a circle on top of the refractory bricks to give the stove a recognizable shape.

Brick color technical significance does not have, so you can choose a shade that is in harmony with the design of the yard.

Third step

In one terracotta pot you need to make a hole in the side closer to the base. In order for the stove to burn well, it needs good air access, which such a slot will provide.

The cut piece of the pot should not be thrown away; it will be useful for controlling the strength of the fire in the stove by closing the slot.

Fourth step

On the formed base you need to place one terracotta pot in a vertical position. Using a hacksaw you need to cut off the bottom of the second pot.

Then carefully apply a layer of solution to the first pot with a spatula, and place the pot on it with the bottom cut off upside down. Then you need to wait until the solution hardens.

Fifth step

The remaining facade bricks you need to cover the fastened pots. The masonry must be done in such a way that it is one piece with the round base that we made earlier.

In order for the bricks to look beautiful, they need to be treated at the corner grinder, giving the required shape. You can use mortar to secure the bricks.

This concludes the production of a stationary tandoor and you can safely start cooking.

Thus, making a tandoor is easy and affordable, the main thing is to have the desire and some available materials.

Recently, on private plots one can increasingly find oriental stoves with exotic name- tandoor. They are great for cooking on outdoors and will surely impress your guests. What’s especially nice is that you can make this device yourself. How? Let's look at this issue in more detail!

The principle of operation of the tandoor

To understand how a tandoor works, we will describe the process of its operation using the clay version as an example. This is one of the most popular variations of oriental stoves that are found in our area.

Air circulates thanks to the blower - a special hole in the bottom that supports combustion. It is in the Uzbek variety that the clay bowl is lined with refractory bricks. The main secret is to fill the voids between the brick and the walls of the clay bowl using sand or salt - this allows you to maintain the temperature for as long as possible.

Coal or wood is used as fuel. They are placed on the bottom of the boiler through the top and then lit. Dishes are prepared using a grill or skewers.

Tandoors are made only from materials that have a high ability to retain heat. After heating, depending on the selected fuel, the temperature can reach 250–400 degrees Celsius. With the right materials, this oven can maintain temperature for 5-7 hours.

DIY brick tandoor

In this section we will look at how to build a tandoor using bricks. This is a very simple option that does not require non-traditional materials and skills.

Preparation

Any kind construction work begins with careful preparation, as this is the key to a successful result. If you have experience laying bricks, then the whole process will be quite simple for you. It's pretty simple design, but if this is your first time encountering masonry, then you should carefully read the construction algorithm and prepare everything necessary materials.

First of all you need to calculate required amount material or use ready-made diagrams, which are accompanied by estimates. We have prepared for you standard instructions and a list of required materials. So, to get started you will need:

1. About 100–150 kg of sand and gravel mixture;
2. Mesh for reinforcement – ​​approximately 2 sq.m.;
3. 7 kg of cement (use better quality);
4. 60–70 pieces of fireclay bricks;
5. Fire-resistant mixture for laying fireplaces or stoves – 10–15 kg;
6. If you are going to paint the tandoor, purchase fire-resistant paint.

When all the necessary materials have already been prepared, make sure you have the necessary set of tools. Most likely, most of the items from the list presented can be found at your dacha or asked from your neighbors, but even if you have to purchase something, it will not ruin you. To build a brick tandoor with your own hands you need the following tools:

— Plaster rule (preferably along the length of the base);
— A bucket or other container to mix concrete;
- Putty knife;
— Paint brush and a container for paint;
— Grinder, as well as stone circles.

As you can see, the list is not too long or exotic. Preparing all the fixtures will not be too difficult for you.

Foundation

For long term For service, a tandoor needs a very reliable foundation. It is he who will give a stable position to the entire building. Even though this is not a very heavy structure, a lot still depends on the soil. For example, if it contains a lot of clay, then the base needs to be strengthened.

If the soil cover on your site is heavy, then use pillar-based supports. In the case of lighter soil, for example sandy, it is necessary to pre-fill concrete slab, on which the oven itself will be located.

Based on our diagram and prepared materials, the area of ​​the entire tandoor will be 100x100 cm. To support a structure with such an area, a concrete pad with a thickness of at least 10 cm will be sufficient.

Correct and good concrete looks like thick gray sour cream. To prepare it you need to follow following proportions: 3 shares of sand, 1 share of gravel with a fraction of no more than 1 cm, 1 share of cement. If you follow these recommendations, you will get an excellent mixture.

Try to correctly calculate the required amount of concrete mixture; to do this, you can use the size of the pit for pouring the slab. Build formwork from wood for a level base. Cover the bottom of the hole with a layer of sand about 5 cm, then pour water. Sand serves as a damping cushion, which has a positive effect on the durability of the building. Follow all the recommendations and you will get a smooth and correct concrete slab for the foundation. Remember to use a level to ensure the base of your structure is as level as possible.

Concrete sets no earlier than three days after pouring. Correct solution- let it brew for about a week, and only then continue building the tandoor. If the weather is hot and dry when laying the foundation, be sure to periodically treat the concrete with water so that it does not dry out and crack.

Tandoor base

Refractory (clamotte) brick is an option that should be preferred; it does not absorb liquid and can also withstand very high temperatures. In turn, the density of this material allows it not to collapse under the weight of the entire structure.

Another advantage of choosing this brick is its resistance to sudden temperature changes. That is why it should be used to build a tandoor outdoors. This type copes with frost, and it is also quite safe to light it in winter and use it for its intended purpose without fears about the integrity of the building.

Lay the base in a circle, first laying roofing material under it. Lay out the bricks, then mark them and cut them with a grinder until the desired shape. Use only fire-resistant mixture for laying bricks.

Rule for masonry

When following the rule for starting to lay walls, you need to take into account a number of features. The correct solution would be for the base to be equal to the height of the entire tandoor, and the ratio of the base to the upper neck to be 1 to 3. If you are making a stove based on our size recommendations, then to make the rule, use a wooden plank with a height of at least 1 m, because The length of the base of the rule will be 30 cm.

To produce patterns, usually use plywood. Painted or varnished plywood is ideal.

Tandoor walls

In our example, the bricks are laid vertically, so you will need quite a lot of mortar. Install the inner edges of the tandoor as tightly as possible so that the walls hold together as best as possible. Do not forget to thoroughly work all the seams with mortar; there is no need to skimp on strength.

To strengthen the entire structure, use steel wire or reinforced mesh. If you use wire, then strengthen each row. In case of reinforced mesh you can get by with just one turn of it in a circle.

When you have completed the basic structure, you can move on to plastering. This must be done using the same oven mixture. Try to make the thickness at least 10 mm.

Wait until the plaster is completely dry; for safe drying, you can wrap the structure with film.

The dried structure can begin to be painted. You can use fireproof acrylic paint or whitewash. You can also use it to decorate the tandoor. decorative plaster, and only then - paint.

DIY clay tandoor

Next, we will describe step-by-step instructions for building a tandoor using clay. This is a more complex and labor-intensive method of making a stove. Before proceeding with its construction, try to study the issue and think about whether you need a clay specimen. It is worth noting that the main and, perhaps, only difference from brick version is the ability to bake cakes on clay walls.

The classic dimensions of a clay tandoor are considered to be: height from 1 to 1.5 m, diameter - about 1 m, top - 50 cm. When forming a clay bowl, a mixture of kaolin clay and camel or sheep wool is used. When all the materials are ready, proceed to work.

Clay mixture

Cut the wool into 1-1.5 cm and mix with clay. You need to knead it until it reaches the consistency of thick gray sour cream. To keep the clay strong and durable, leave it in dark place for about a week. During the entire exposure time, remove excess moisture from the surface of the clay, but it must remain moist. Otherwise, it will crack when using the tandoor.

Blanks

To form a tandoor, it is necessary to prepare sheets of a clay mixture about 5–10 cm thick. Next, in traditional manufacturing, a stove bowl is sculpted from them, but this method requires skills and considerable skill. If you are not ready to take risks and do everything traditionally, a barrel can help you.

When using it, you need to loosen the hoops and add water. Leave for a week to swell. This will give it the necessary shape for making a tandoor. Drain the water, dry the barrel completely, and treat the inside of the walls with butter. Once it has absorbed a little, you can move on to using the mold. We advise you to prepare the mold and clay mixture at the same time.

Making tandoor from clay

At this stage, you can already begin to form a tandoor in a mold or roll sausages from a mixture of clay with a diameter of no more than 5–7 cm and a length of up to 1 m, and then form a stove from them. This does not play a big role, the main thing is to understand what is more convenient for you.

Place the clay tightly along the walls of the barrel, then coat and join the seams with your hands or a trowel. Assemble all the sides of the oven, but do not cover the bottom. The narrowing of the upper part should reach ½ of the entire diameter of the barrel.

When you have completely formed the shape of the kiln, smooth the clay all over inside. It should be as smooth as possible. Now leave the oven to dry.

As soon as the clay has dried, it will calmly pull away from the walls of the barrel. Remove the hoops, disassemble the barrel and take out the tandoor.

Installation

Place the stove on a prepared area made of clay, concrete or fire bricks. It must have a hole for air circulation, the so-called “blower”. Connect the oven and base using the same clay and let dry.

Already in this form, your personal tandoor is ready for use, but if you want it to maintain the temperature for as long as possible, you should line it with bricks and fill the resulting gap with sand or clay. This design will be able to maintain temperature for 5–7 hours.

Tandoor - photo

Tandoor is an oven with long history what is displayed on it appearance. You have a unique opportunity to create it yourself, and therefore you would probably like to get acquainted with the variety in design and be inspired by traditional or modern variations of the tandoor. We have prepared beautiful photos that will help you do this. Enjoy watching!

Lovers of country holidays cannot imagine their pastime at the dacha without barbecue. And really, could anything taste better? fresh meat, richly flavored with spices and thoroughly fried on charcoal? If such a thing exists in nature, then it can only be meat that is baked in a brick tandoor. For those who don’t know, a tandoor is a special Turkish oven that produces kebab with simply incredible taste. And the whole secret of such an exquisite taste is that the meat is baked extremely evenly, and solely due to the fact that the spread of heat in such a design is balanced. So, today we will find out how to build a tandoor with our own hands, get acquainted with possible options and give detailed instructions on production.

How to make a tandoor on your own

Option #1. Traditional clay tandoor

According to the ancient technology mentioned earlier, a true tandoor should be sculpted, not built. Moreover, kaolin clay (ideally of Akhangar origin), which has excellent thermal insulation qualities, should be used for this. To prevent the furnace body from cracking under the influence of high temperatures, sheep or camel wool is added to the clay. Making an authentic tandoor is extremely difficult, since Asian craftsmen are not very clear about the exact composition of kaolin clay. Simply put, you will have to perform all manipulations “by eye”, constantly conducting experiments.

An approximate manufacturing technology for the classic version of the described furnace looks approximately as follows.

Step 1. To make a tandoor with your own hands, you need to mix clay with wool (the length of the fibers of the latter should be about 1-1.5 cm). The result should be a fairly viscous mixture, reminiscent of sour cream in consistency.

Step 2. Next, you need to wait 7 days for the resulting composition to dry and achieve the required condition. During all these days, the mixture should be stirred periodically so that drying occurs evenly. All water that accumulates on top must be removed immediately (it cannot be mixed into the composition).

Note! The lower the moisture concentration in the composition, the lower the risk that the oven will crack during drying or firing. When the preparation period is over, the consistency of the mixture should resemble dense plasticine, suitable for modeling.

Step 3. From the resulting “plasticine” you need to mold long sheets of oblong shape with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters. From these plates, gradually moving in a circle, you need to build a tandoor.

Traditional dimensions look something like this:

• the neck should be 50-60 centimeters in diameter;
• before narrowing, the diameter should correspond to 100 centimeters;
• The recommended height of the structure is from 100 to 150 centimeters.

It is necessary to leave a hole in the bottom side of the case through which air will flow inside.

Step 4. When the oven is ready, it is transferred to the shade and left for another 30 days to dry.

Step 5. The walls must be lined with fireclay bricks, with an adhesive composition in in this case It can be either kaolin clay itself or a special clay oven mixture containing plasticizers and quartz sand. Sand or salt must be poured into the cavity between the resulting layers, periodically compacting while filling.

Step 6. The inner surface is coated with cotton oil.

Step 7 After this, all that remains is to fire finished oven, that is, to bring the material to the state of ceramics. The temperature should increase gradually and not very quickly. The duration of firing can reach 24 hours, this is explained by the fact that if raw clay is subjected to sudden heating, it can crack.

Video – Traditional tandoor: technology and interesting facts

Option #2. Making a tandoor with your own hands from a barrel (simplified technology)

It's no secret that making such a stove using the technology described above is extremely difficult, especially in the absence of special skills and knowledge. And many home craftsmen will confirm this. The surfaces turn out to be crooked, and the clay often cracks when drying. To avoid this kind of trouble, a simpler “recipe” for this design was developed, which is based on creating clay walls around a barrel made of wood.

To create such an Asian oven, you need to prepare in advance:

• kaolin clay;
• vegetable oil;
• fireclay sand (and its fraction should not exceed 0.5 millimeters);
• a wooden barrel with iron hoops;
• wool (one of the options listed above).

Now let’s find out how to make a tandoor from all this with your own hands. First, fill a barrel full of water and wait at least 24 hours for the wood to soak and swell. After this, mix wool (0.5 parts), sand (2 parts) and clay (1 part), wait a few days until the resulting mixture dries. The next step is to drain the water and completely dry the wood. The inner surfaces of the barrel are treated with vegetable oil and then soaked overnight. Next, the inside of the barrel is covered with a 4- or 5-centimeter layer of the resulting clay mixture. The composition is leveled with wet hands so that the walls are as smooth as possible. As you move upward, the thickness of the clay layer should increase, that is, the neck of the kiln should gradually narrow. Traditionally, it is necessary to leave a small hole at the bottom through which air from outside will enter the case.

Note! To dry, the structure should be moved to a ventilated, shaded and dry place. The process may take 3 to 4 weeks. Over time, the barrel will begin to lag behind the clay walls.

When everything is dry, the iron hoops must be removed and the barrel itself removed from the tandoor. Next, the stove is installed on a thick “cushion” of sand and fired, that is, it is melted for the first time. Inside, you need to light a small flame and maintain it for approximately 6 hours, periodically loading small portions of fuel. After this time, the stove is covered with something, the fire is turned up higher and eventually brought to the maximum level. It is important that the tandoor cools down slowly afterwards.

If desired, you can additionally insulate the stove to increase its thermal insulation qualities. To do this, you can build brick walls around it.

Option #3. We make a tandoor from bricks on our own

So, making a classic version of the stove is quite difficult, we have already found out. What’s more, not all masters succeed in this! Therefore, in order to simplify the task and not take unnecessary risks, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the technology of making a brick tandoor - this way you are guaranteed to get the desired result, despite the fact that the finished stove will be very different from the traditional version described above.

First you need to prepare:

• stove brick;
• wooden template;
• masonry sand mixture;
• cement;
• kaolin;
• reinforcing mesh;
• sand.

The main thing is just beginning - the manufacturing procedure itself. The process consists of several stages, let's look at the details of each of them.

First stage. Base

Select a suitable flat area on which the future tandoor will be located with your own hands. Dig a round hole there, the diameter of which should be slightly larger than the planned diameter of the structure. Fill the bottom of the resulting hole with a “cushion” of sand (the thickness should be about 10 centimeters).

Cover the finished “pillow” with an iron mesh constructed from reinforcing rods or thick wire.

Fill the hole concrete mixture, carefully align everything using an iron rule. Don't forget to check the levelness of the surface using a horizontal level. Now wait at least 7 days for the solution to set and concrete surface regained its original strength.

Second phase. Brick walls

Start laying the brick in a circle, the diameter of which you designated at the planning stage. As a rule, this is about 100 centimeters. Place the bricks on their ends and, using a frame as shown in the image below, begin to form a circle. For installation, use only a kiln solution consisting of fireclay clay, appropriate plasticizers and, of course, quartz sand. This will ensure that the composition will not crack when fired, will set quickly and will generally be plastic.

Traditionally, leave a small hole at the bottom of the case, which will serve as a blower during operation. This can be either a small window equipped with an iron door or a chimney.

If the height of the stove is 100-120 centimeters, then four rows of bricks will be enough. What is characteristic is that when laying the last row, a tapering neck should be formed in parallel, therefore, the brick on at this stage should be laid with a slight inclination towards the inside.

Third stage. We carry out coating and cladding

Coat the internal and external surfaces of the constructed furnace with refractory clay, the thickness of which should be approximately 5 centimeters. In addition, finish the body of the tandoor natural stone- So ready product will look more attractive.

Fourth stage. We fire the kiln

Let us immediately make a reservation that the firing procedure in this case is performed in the same way as in the previous two options. It is necessary to light a fire inside the tandoor, the walls of the oven must gradually heat up to a high temperature (more precisely, up to 400 degrees), and then slowly - and this is very important! - cool down.

For a more detailed look at how to build a brick tandoor at home, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - Making a tandoor with your own hands

Features of operation

There are a number of requirements that must be followed when using a stove such as a tandoor. Let's start with kindling. Here a lot depends on the time of year. In winter, for example, the temperature should increase gradually - first light the wood chips, let them burn, after which you can add the main fuel. In the summer, it is quite possible to do without preliminary kindling with wood chips. As for the volume of fuel, it should be 2/3 of the total volume of the stove. You can put more, but in this case a lot of thermal energy will simply evaporate without heating the walls of the case.

As for temperature restrictions, there are none at all for tandoor. Use it whenever you want, the main thing is not to forget what is said in the previous paragraph.

Cleaning the stove is also not difficult: just take a dustpan, poker and collect the ash. If fat gets on the walls, don’t worry - it will simply burn off during subsequent use.

Advantages of using the design

The problem of poorly cooked kebabs is familiar to everyone: with poor quality heat treatment Some of the meat is fried until it turns black, while the remaining pieces are almost raw. Why is this happening? The reason is the uneven distribution of coals under the skewers, as well as the fact that they are coals with different temperature indicators. And the results of such roasting are described above.

But a brick tandoor is a completely different thing. Thanks to its unique design, this oven allows you to completely forget about such an unpleasant thing as undercooked meat. Another advantage of the tandoor is that not only meat is baked in it, but also traditional oriental flatbreads - tasty, and at the same time very healthy for the body.

Tandoor - design features of the stove

The design of such a furnace is very similar to most structures of this kind, but some differences still exist. Thus, the inner surface is made of an unusual (at least for such ovens) material - ceramics. But both wood and coal can serve as fuel (brushwood can also be used).

Externally, a brick tandoor is very similar to a hypertrophied clay jug, which was lined with brick. Coal or wood is placed directly inside the structure and then set on fire. Then, when the fuel turns into coal, the kebabs are placed in the oven. Typically, the meat can be hung on a hook to a special pole, which should be taken care of in advance, and placed with the sharp end on the foundation.

Note! Another advantage that a brick tandoor has is that it is quite for a long time keeps the heat. Thanks to this, you can have time to make several batches of baked meat at once.

An interesting fact: the described stove first appeared in distant Mesopotamia, and soon gained considerable popularity among Asian peoples. It is for this reason that a number of oriental kitchens cannot be imagined without this miracle oven.

Operating principle

To find out how to make, you must first become familiar with the operating principle of this design. As an example, let's take a look at the classic Uzbek tandoor made of brick. Outwardly, such a tandoor is comparable to a clay cauldron, but only turned upside down (it’s as if the top has been swapped with the bottom). At the bottom of the furnace there is a special hole, which is also called a blower.

The base, made of clay, is covered with brick. What is important is that a small air gap remains between the inner and outer layers, which is subsequently filled with sand or salt ( last option more preferable).

The fuel is placed into the housing through a hole located on top. Although there are versions of the stove in which it is located on the side, this arrangement is practically never found in the classic Uzbek version.

Note! The main disadvantage of the tandoor is that ash is removed from the body through the upper hole, which for obvious reasons is very inconvenient (this does not apply to portable stoves).

And to make it more convenient to fry shish kebab, the Uzbek version of the oven has a special grate. You can place not only meat on such a grill, but also, for example, fish or vegetables. All these products are guaranteed to bake equally well.

Note! If the tandoor is built competently and in compliance with the technology, then you can cook on it within six hours after a one-time kindling.

What is the secret of such high heat-saving properties of the structure? And the secret lies in the materials from which such stoves are constructed. Such materials have simply incredible heat-accumulating properties: for example, if you try hard, the walls of the tandoor can be heated to a temperature of 400 degrees.

As for the varieties of tandoor, the classification in this case is based on the installation location of the device - according to this parameter, the described stoves can be:

• pit;
• ground;
• portable.

Today’s article will discuss several options for creating a tandoor at home, however Special attention will be devoted to making a brick oven. This is explained by the fact that, for example, portable design is, in fact, a type of barbecue, and a pit grill is used in most cases for heating small rooms. So let's get started.

Most city dwellers associate staying at the dacha with unity with nature, when an irresistible desire arises to sit by the fire under the open air and cook food over the fire, inhaling exciting aromas. In most cases, residents country houses prefer to use a grill or barbecue for cooking, which is widely used by residents middle zone. Eastern tandoor, less common among the European population, is in no way inferior to the listed devices and, on the contrary, allows you to prepare a lot of delicious dishes, the cooking technology of which involves the use only of an oriental fryer. The unique taste of homemade samsa, pita bread and oriental meat is a strong argument in favor of building a tandoor at your dacha with your own hands.

Operating principle and design features of the tandoor

Before considering the construction of a tandoor oven, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the principle of operation and the main features of the traditional design, the performance of which has been tested for centuries:

• Initially, the tandoor was a clay cauldron located upside down and equipped with a hole in the upper part;
• There is also an additional hole at the bottom necessary for air supply;
• On the outside, a kind of clay cauldron is lined with bricks, poured into the space between the tandoor and brickwork sand, clay or salt;
• These materials have low thermal conductivity, as a result of which a clay oven becomes an ideal accumulator of heat, which it absorbs from the fire and then slowly releases into the structure where food is cooked;
• In this regard, a uniformly high temperature is created inside the oven, allowing you to bake and fry delicacies in the complete absence of coals.

Features of modern construction: design and materials

Currently, few people comply traditional features buildings, significantly simplifying the manufacture of the structure.

Despite this, the tandoor, built in modern conditions, does not interfere with enjoying home-made oriental delicacies. The most common form of modern tandoors is considered to be a “well” or a jug, narrowed at the top, which prevents the outflow of heat and promotes uniform heating of the oven.

Since brick is used as the basis of the building, according to experts, its appearance does not play a special role, and in this regard, they suggest choosing any red heat-resistant brick, even one that has already been used, for making a tandoor.

And to make the work easier, you can use a factory-made oven mixture based on red clay to prepare the solution. The solution prepared using this mixture is resistant to high temperatures, dries quickly and, due to its high plasticity, does not form cracks.

DIY tandoor: preparatory work

Before you build a brick tandoor, you need to decide on the territory on which the structure will be located. According to safety regulations, it must be located at a distance of at least 3 meters from trees and outbuildings. It is advisable that the level groundwater was as low as possible, and the soil was dry.

The selected area, the length and width of which often do not exceed 1.2-1.5 m, is carefully leveled and covered with a layer of sand equal to at least 20 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to organize a small recess necessary for a blower, the role of which will be successfully handled by asbestos cement pipe. Those who are afraid of the harmful effects of asbestos can replace the asbestos-cement pipe with a metal one.

Sequence of work: base and walls of the structure

The next stage of construction involves laying out a platform consisting of three rows of white sand-lime brick. In the process of arranging it, there is no need to use concrete mortar, since it will crack in any case under the influence of excessively high temperatures.

In the future, you need to start arranging the walls.

To install them, you will need a red heat-resistant brick, placed on the end, with which you will create a circle of the required diameter. In this case, it is 40 cm and consists of 19 bricks.

For greater accuracy, you can use a round template. In total, the design of the tandoor, the photo of which is presented below, involves the installation of three rows of bricks installed in a similar way, which in total took 57 bricks.

To increase the strength of the structure, the rows are leveled and then tied with wire. As a result, the height brick walls tandoor, the video confirms this, is 75 cm.

Strengthening the structure: reinforcing mortar, metal mesh and other techniques

Next, you need to start preparing a solution based on fireclay clay, which will be needed to seal the seams between the bricks. Carry it out manually. To prevent the brick from absorbing moisture from the clay longer, it is moistened before coating the cracks.

After the first layer has dried, a second layer, called reinforcing, is applied.

To prepare it, in addition to clay, straw is added. Thus, with a break of 2-3 days necessary for the clay to dry, two layers are applied. It is important not to forget to cover the structure with polyethylene at night, which will protect it from moisture in case of rain.

To give even greater strength, the structure is strengthened with reinforcing metal mesh and again coated with a layer of clay.

Answering the question: “How to make a tandoor with your own hands?” let's clarify that further stage implies carrying out welding work, which are carried out to produce a metal ring. It is installed in the upper part of the structure and the structure is again strengthened with a reinforcing mesh, which reaches the metal ring from above.

Having carried out the above measures, coat the almost finished tandoor with cement mortar. To prepare it you will need sand, cement and granite screening, the composition of which allows you to prepare a “light” concrete solution.

Experienced specialists who build a tandoor with their own hands advise adding a teaspoon to it when mixing the solution detergent, explaining this by the fact that the solution in this case does not shrink. To mix the solution, it is best to use a drill with an attachment. After coating the tandoor with concrete solution, leave it until completely dry for approximately 7 days.

In order for the structure to retain heat for a long time, care must be taken to make a wooden lid.

In addition, for these purposes, the tandoor is often additionally covered with a quilt. Also, the design of the oriental oven implies the presence of a metal stand, on which skewers are subsequently hung.