How to care for strawberries in early spring. Proper care of strawberries in spring is the secret to a good harvest. What fertilizers are needed for strawberries?

I covered my strawberries for the winter. In mid-April, strawberries need to be opened. Frosts in winter are terrible for this crop. It is also possible for plants to die from high temperature under cover in the spring. Therefore, winter shelter is removed from strawberries much earlier than from other crops that require shelter for the winter.

Today I'm cleaning the shelter. I'm raking upper layer soil a. I am removing the old carpet that covered the ridge. I hang it on the fence to dry, then I put it in a dry place where it won’t disturb anyone until next fall.

How the strawberry bushes overwintered is not visible. The ridge is covered with last year's dried strawberry leaves. I don't remove them. Since you can pull out the plant itself along with the dry leaves.
The leaves will also save the soil from drying out. The ground is frozen now. As it thaws there will be some moisture for the plants.

After the soil thaws, I will definitely water the bed of strawberries with water. I noticed that the strawberry harvest and the condition of the plants depend on watering. Strawberries need to be watered often. And be sure to water well after removing the cover.

Three weeks later, the strawberry bushes have already grown.
It is already clear that the strawberries have wintered safely.

A lot of weeds. But this work is not scary. I already see. that I will have strawberries this summer season.

Spring care of strawberries lays the foundation for a good harvest. After winter awakening or when transplanting bushes to a new place in spring, they need special attention. Many gardeners believe that strawberries are unpretentious culture and it bears fruit under any conditions, but this is not so.
Some varieties are quite demanding on growing conditions and their yield may decrease even with standard care. In order for plants to bear fruit abundantly and for a long time, it is necessary to put in a lot of effort and take into account all the subtleties of care.

When to start caring for strawberries in spring

Activities for caring for strawberry beds begin before the snow completely melts, and end with the first autumn frosts. In different climatic regions The start time for work in the spring is different.

Deadlines for the Moscow region

In the Moscow region, work on strawberry beds begins in the second half of March.
By this time, the snow begins to melt or disappears completely and the plants are provided with proper care for growth and future fruiting.

For the Urals and Siberia

In the Urals and Siberia, work on caring for strawberries begins in mid-April. At this time, the main activities necessary for the development of the bushes are carried out.

Caring for mature bushes

Strawberries grown in tunnels are ventilated daily to prevent the plants from overheating in the sun. In the morning one or both ends open slightly, and at night they are closed.

Strawberries grown in unprotected soil are covered with spunbond or film at night, since spring frosts can destroy bushes.

The top layer of soil, after melting, around the strawberries and between the rows is removed by 3 centimeters. This rids the strawberries of pathogens and pests overwintering in the ground.
If the bushes are covered with soil for the winter, the excess soil is raked off. The row spacing (if the soil was not added in the fall) is dug to a depth of 7 centimeters.

For the regions of the Moscow region, the Urals and Siberia, you need to choose certain varieties of strawberries. When purchasing plants, many gardeners do not take into account qualities such as:

• Increased resistance to frost;
• rapid growth and rapid fruiting;
• resistance to diseases and pests;
• good taste.

When choosing seedlings, it is best to take several varieties of strawberries that bear fruit at different times.

When applying fertilizers to the soil in autumn period or a month before planting, it is not necessary to feed strawberries. The soil has enough nutrients for a year. If fertilizers are not applied, fertilizing is carried out in the same way as for other bushes, that is, during the formation of leaves, before budding, when the ovaries appear and after picking the berries.

When planting plants, the core of the bushes should remain outside. Deepening the growing point can lead to the death of the bushes.

Plants should be watered immediately after planting daily. After 1.5-2 weeks, watering is reduced to 2-3 times a week, and when the plants begin to grow, watering is carried out once a week. In hot weather, plants need to be watered after the soil dries out.

After watering, the soil is carefully loosened and covered with mulch to retain moisture.

Care after snow melts

Work on the strawberry beds begins immediately after the snow melts, as soon as the soil has dried. This is a rather vulnerable period for plants, which can be manifested by unstable weather, temperature changes, and frosts. For creating favorable conditions Strawberries need support for growth and formation of flowering buds.

To speed up the melting of accumulated snow, gardeners sprinkle strawberry beds with ash, water the plants and the soil around them with boiling water, or cover them with film or spunbond.

Boiling water pours onto sleeping bushes. Such watering additionally destroys wintering pests and diseases in the soil.

Thawed bushes are cleaned of dry leaves and mulch. Frozen plants are removed.

Caring for strawberries in spring step by step

In order for strawberries to grow healthy, develop well and bear fruit, they need good care. It includes:

• pruning;
• watering;
• loosening;
• mulching;
• feeding;
• treatment against diseases and pests;
• transplant.

When carrying out care activities, you must follow all the rules.
In early spring, covers are removed from the beds. Plants are being pruned. Strawberry bushes are watered, and the soil under them is loosened and mulched. Plants are fertilized and treated against diseases and pests. Thickened plantings are thinned out and transplanted to a new area.

At the first warm spring days, strawberry takes cover plastic film or spunbond. This allows you to get more early harvest. The covering material is located on the arches.

After the snow has completely melted, the bed is opened and cleared of debris and mulch. The film is carefully rolled up, vegetable mulch and debris are removed with a rake.
A large number of pathogens develop in fallen, dry leaves and mulch various diseases. The beds must be cleaned thoroughly, without leaving organic residues on them.

The soil is spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate. A new layer of fertile mixture of soil, sand and rotted humus is lined on top. This mixture is also treated with a hot solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin.

If the soil is not cut, the row spacing is dug to a depth of 7 centimeters.

When adding new soil or after autumn hilling, the soil around the bushes is raked. The layer of soil around the bushes should not interfere with the growth of plants. The growing points should be above the surface of the earth.

Pruning of old, dry leaves is carried out in early spring. Each bush is carefully inspected. During pruning, disease areas are removed. First of all, old, dried, frozen leaves are removed. Leaves damaged by infections are completely removed. When thickening, overgrown mustaches, peduncles and young rosettes are removed.

Hard leaf petioles are cut off with a sharp, disinfected knife or scissors. You should not pull the leaves, as there is a risk of damage to the core and new young leaves. All cut leaves, tendrils, rosettes, and flower stalks are burned.

You need to water strawberries in the evening or in the morning and always with warm water. Before watering, the water must be left to stand for 24 hours.
The first watering is carried out when the lack of moisture in the soil is visually determined. Before flowering, strawberries are watered once a week.

Each plant needs to be poured 0.5 liters of water. After transplanting strawberries, watering is carried out daily for 2 weeks. Then it is done every 2-3 days.

To ensure sufficient moisture, the soil is spilled to a depth of 40 centimeters. Watered beds are loosened and mulched. Peat, pine needles, steamed sawdust, fresh straw are used as mulch, black film or spunbond. If there is a shortage of mulch, add it when the ovaries appear. It protects the berries from contamination and rotting during watering.

Watering during fruiting is carried out after collecting ripe berries.

If during the ripening period of berries it is hot weather, the frequency of watering and the volume of water increases.
For a large number of strawberry bushes you can equip drip irrigation allowing for even distribution of moisture.

After watering the beds, the soil is loosened. This procedure is carried out very carefully, since the roots of the strawberry bushes are very close to the surface of the earth. All weed in this case it is deleted.

Loosening improves soil aeration and prevents the soil under the bushes from drying out. When loosening the soil should not fall into the core of the bush.

Bushes with exposed roots are spruced up. The growing point should remain on the surface. Buried plants are raised slightly so that the growing point is above the ground.

For good growth and fruiting, any strawberry requires fertilizing, and remontant and large-fruited varieties require twice as much.

Helps nourish the earth nutrients, which are required for plant growth. In order for the bushes to grow quickly, they are fertilized several times during the spring.

1. The first feeding is carried out when 2-3 leaves are formed. Nitrogen fertilizers are used for this.
2. 2 times - before flowering and phosphorus fertilizers are applied.
3. 3 times - when the ovaries appear, organic matter or complex mineral supplements are used.
4. 4 times - after fruiting and potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers are used.

Fertilizers are applied directly to the soil to stimulate the growth of green mass. Nitrogen fertilizers are used for this. They accelerate the growth of new leaves and increase the size of the berries. Lack of nitrogen leads to reduced leaf growth and shredding of berries.

For feeding take: 1 tbsp. a spoonful of ammonium or potassium nitrate, a spoonful of nitroammophoska and 10 liters of water. Watering with the solution is carried out according to wet soil, at the root of each bush. Each strawberry bush requires 0.5 to 1 liter of fertilizer.

In addition to saltpeter, urea is used. In addition to improving the growth of bushes, it helps to saturate the taste and sugar content ripe berries. A handful of wood ash is added to each bush when feeding.

You can also use an infusion of chicken manure for feeding. 0.2 kilograms of litter are infused for 24 hours in 10 liters of water. For better effect, 10 grams of nitroammophoska are added to it. This infusion is watered at the roots of the plants.

When the ovaries appear, the plants are watered with mullein solution. To do this, take 0.3 kilograms of rotted manure, 200 grams of ash, 60 grams of superphosphate and 30 grams of potassium salt and a bucket of water. The mullein is infused for several days. The remaining components are then added to it. The prepared infusion is watered at the roots of the plants.

Preventive and protective treatments. To combat them, strawberries are processed twice - immediately after winter and at the beginning of budding. For this purpose, both chemicals (acaricide, fungicides) and folk remedies protection.

Treatment of strawberry bushes against diseases and pests is carried out in calm weather, in the morning or evening, after watering the plants.

The first spraying is carried out after removing the cover and mulch.

During flowering, weevils, aphids, and mites may appear on strawberries. The bushes are sprayed with garlic infusion, laundry soap or other means of combating harmful insects.

The following drugs are used to treat strawberry bushes against pests: Urea, Actellik, Karbofos, Calypso, Envidor, Aktofit, Teldor and Heterofos.

For treatment against diseases the following is used: 3% solution Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur, Zircon, Fitosporin, Fundazol, Phyto plus, Phytocide, Topaz. Preventive treatments with a solution of potassium permanganate help well.

The dosage of all drugs used must comply with the manufacturer's instructions. Processing is carried out in compliance with protective measures (gloves, closed clothing and a respirator).

Shoots from mother bushes are produced in spring or autumn. Spring replanting is carried out in early to mid-May.
The soil should have time to warm up to 10 degrees.

The area for transplantation should be on a hill or slope so that melt water does not stand on it in the spring.

The best place for growing strawberries is a southwestern area with a slope of 2-3 degrees.

You cannot plant strawberries in place of eggplants, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers or cabbage. : legumes and cereal crops, garlic, beets, onions, carrots.

Strawberries prefer light, slightly acidic sandy loam or soy clay soil, rich organic fertilizers.
If the soil is highly acidic, a handful of wood ash is added to the holes when planting.

The area for strawberries is prepared in the fall or 1 month before transplanting. Organic matter or mineral fertilizers. After leveling, the ground is sprinkled with sawdust and covered with film or spunbond.

A windless, cloudy day is chosen for planting.
The bushes are carefully detached from mother bush, the antennae are removed. Seedlings must have developed roots, strong healthy leaves and stems. Long root shoots are taken for rooting. The roots should reach a length of 8-10 centimeters. Longer ones are shortened to the specified size. The diameter of the root collar should be 6 millimeters. The plant should have about 5 leaves.

Before planting, exposed roots are treated with any growth stimulator.

When planting, leave 25-30 centimeters between the bushes. Remontant varieties planted at a distance of 50 centimeters from each other.
A gap of 80-100 centimeters is left between the rows. Strawberries grow in one bed for 3-4 years, then they are transplanted to a new area.

Before planting, the holes are prepared and then watered. Ash and rotted humus are poured into the bottom of the hole.

Bushes are installed in holes. The roots are covered with soil, which is then slightly compacted. After this, the strawberries are watered and covered with film for 1.5 weeks. This promotes better rooting and protects plants from cold weather.

After this period has passed, the cover is removed. Caring for such plants is standard.

Of the most common mistakes gardeners can be distinguished as follows:

Absence or untimely pruning of bushes and cleaning of beds

In the spring, when pruning, old, dry leaves, peduncles, tendrils and mulch are not removed and burned.
Organic residues lead to the development of diseases and pests.

Thick layer of soil on the bushes

A common mistake is to hill up bushes with a thick layer of soil (in autumn or spring). In this case, the root system takes a long time to begin to grow, and the ripening of berries is delayed for late date.
During any work with the soil, the growing point of the plant should always be on the surface of the earth.

Lack of mulch

Neglecting mulching leads to rotting of the berries. In addition, it retains moisture, which reduces the number of waterings and reduces the likelihood of disease development.

Improper watering

To water strawberries, you need to take settled, not cold water.
Strawberries should be watered late in the evening or in the morning. Watering during the day is prohibited! After watering, loosening is carried out.

When watering, many gardeners make the mistake of continuing to irrigate the strawberry plot during flowering. This can lead to a complete lack of berries.

Poor choice of landing site

Placing strawberries in poorly lit, flooded, poorly ventilated areas leads to disease and sometimes death of the plants.

Wrong choice of place to plant strawberries

The area should be bright, sheltered from the wind. It should not be flooded when the snow melts in the spring.

Planting in unprepared soil

Strawberry bushes develop well in porous, light soils. Peat and sand need to be added to dense soil. When planted in clay soil, plants grow poorly and produce small fruits.

Irregular berry picking

Berries should be picked as they ripen. Overripe berries begin to rot and attract harmful insects.

How to care for strawberries in spring How to feed strawberries: video

Strawberries are not only tasty, but also a healthy treat. It strengthens immunity and health nervous system. To be obtained from strawberry beds bountiful harvest, you must always comply with all care requirements. Caring for strawberries in the spring is not difficult, but it is necessary, since without it the plants will not grow and bear fruit well.

When deciding to start growing strawberries, you need to immediately prepare for the fact that this crop is demanding and capricious. So that strawberries overwinter well and bring the long-awaited rich harvest next year, especially when we're talking about About a newly planted young berry, it must be covered during the cold weather.

Anything, or rather, “what is at hand,” can serve as a covering material. Usually these are dry boards, straw, leaves fallen in autumn, fabric sheets, rotted manure, sawdust and snow, which is shoveled onto a strawberry bed.

As a rule, everything that was used for shelter in winter must be removed from the strawberry bed in time. Otherwise, this will somewhat slow down the growth of the plants, lead to mold, rotting may appear and, accordingly, the strawberries will begin to hurt, and you will have to forget about a good harvest.

However, if you open your strawberry patch too early, there is a risk mechanical damage plants, twigs, and even some of the roots can simply be damaged. In addition, if there are spring frosts in your area, then strawberries opened too early may simply be “killed” by frost. In this case it will take enough for a long time to restore a small part of the surviving plants. Considering such consequences, gardeners have always been concerned with the question of when to open strawberries after winter so as not to harm the plant?

When to open strawberries after winter?

Removing covering material from strawberry beds in different climatic zones our country occurs at different times. Somewhere it falls in the beginning and middle of April, depending on how early the spring was, while others have to wait until the last days of April and the first days of May.

It won’t be possible to say definitely when to open a strawberry, because you need to navigate solely by weather conditions and by how soon the snow melts, and whether cold snaps and frosts are expected in the coming days. However, if you pay attention to the strawberries themselves, the plant will also give you a hint about when the covering material needs to be removed. Each cell of the strawberry body begins to actively react to the arrival of spring, to the first rays of sunlight and, as it were, is just beginning to wake up. That's when the strawberries are ready for a new life, and the weather is favorable, you need to open strawberry beds after the winter period!

When a summer resident manages to “unpack” a bed of strawberries in a timely manner, the plants immediately begin normal life. Bushes gradually form, active flowering begins and, as a rule, all this ends with abundant fruiting! All that now remains for the gardener is to water and care for the strawberries in a timely manner, fertilizing and watering the plants.

If you made a mistake with the timing of removing the covering material, then strawberries, of course, can recover, gradually restoring their vitality, however, before good harvest It won't work out, of course!

To get a rich harvest of strawberries, you need to work hard. This plant is finicky and requires serious care and attention. This is especially true during the spring period. Let's take a closer look at how to care for strawberries after winter.

When should you start?

Spring care for garden strawberries includes the following set of activities:

Sometimes in early spring the snow cover disappears, but frosts are still present. To protect strawberry bushes from cold and death, they can be covered on top with a layer of straw, which should be removed after warmer and more favorable temperatures arrive. field work weather.

Knowing how to properly care for strawberries and applying all the tips, you will eventually reap a rich harvest.

Tools and materials

For field work you need:

You can purchase all of the above tools and materials at specialized gardening stores.

Recovery stage

What to do with strawberries in spring, where to start?

One of the stages of caring for a plant is its restoration after the winter cold. The procedure is carried out in early spring, when warm and dry weather sets in.

Restoration work includes:

By performing all the above steps, you will completely restore the soil and strawberries after winter. As a result, you can confidently expect allotted time harvest of red and juicy berries.

Processing stage

Caring for strawberries after winter includes treating the bushes and soil with special chemicals. Typically based on potassium and nitrogen.

As is known, in spring period come alive from hibernation not just plants. Therefore, strawberries must be provided with complete protection from pests.

Ignoring this stage can cause the plant to develop various diseases, which will negatively affect the harvest, or even cause its absence.

Pests whose vital activity negatively affects the strawberry harvest:

The above pests can cause the following diseases in the plant:

To avoid pest infestation of strawberries, you should initially select for sowing those varieties that are resistant to them. However, even in this case experienced gardeners It is recommended to carry out a number of preventive measures.

One of the most effective and popular methods of preventing strawberry diseases after winter is chemical treatment. Various solutions can be used for this purpose, which you will find in large quantities in the modern market.

When choosing a product, you need to pay attention to the fact that there are no universal drugs that would provide the same good protection absolutely all plants. The solution should first be selected depending on the variety of strawberry.

Most often used for chemical processing copper sulfate and drugs such as Taurus, Actofit and Caesar. If you follow the instructions for using these products, no harm will be caused to the environment or the plant.

Prevention of strawberry diseases should be started only after weeding and loosening of the soil have been carried out. It is not recommended to carry out this activity while the plant is flowering. This can negatively affect the crop and make it unsafe for consumption.

Top dressing

After carrying out restoration and preventive actions, you can move on to the next stage of strawberry care - fertilizing the soil.

In early spring, after a long winter hibernation, the plant really needs microelements that affect its growth and development. Their deficiency can be compensated with the help of a special feed: organic (manure, humus) or mineral ( potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, wood ash etc).

Fertilizers are applied to the soil only after it has dried thoroughly after snow. This event should be carried out regularly so that both the plant itself and its root system. Please note that complex mineral fertilizers are most often used to fertilize the soil.

After the first leaves bloom on the plant, it is recommended to pour a solution prepared from mullein and ammonium sulfate under the bush.

• For 10 liters clean water take 0.5 liters of mullein and 30 g of ammonium sulfate. Mix the ingredients thoroughly. Be sure to wear gloves during this process.

• Carefully pour 0.5 liters of the resulting solution under each bush, without touching the leaves.

Mulching

Another stage of caring for strawberries is mulching - covering the surface of the earth with organic or artificial materials.

Earth thin layer covered with straw, peat chips, small sawdust or ordinary humus. Please note that this slows down the process of weed germination. The procedure provides access to moisture and air to the roots of the plant.

The next mulching is carried out at the beginning of strawberry fruiting. This allows the emerging berries to avoid the process of rotting and contamination.

Watering

For normal development garden strawberries in the spring and for its full growth, it is necessary to provide it with regular watering.

It is best done in morning hours before the heat comes. The water must be warm.

When watering, you should try not to touch or in any way damage the leaves or flowers.

How often should I irrigate? It directly depends on the weather and climatic conditions terrain. As a rule, it is carried out once a week. However, in dry spring it is recommended to do this much more often (3-4 times a week). During the rainy season, the plant does not need to be watered at all.

After moistening the soil, you should loosen it well under the bushes. Please note that watering should be plentiful. In this case, the soil will be completely saturated with moisture.

Many experienced gardeners recommend using the sprinkling technique. It consists in the fact that water under pressure using a special apparatus is crushed into drops and falls on the plant in the form of a kind of artificial rain.
The devices for this procedure are lightweight, portable tubing equipped with a nozzle. You can purchase them in a specialty store or on the Internet.

Today, the sprinkling technique is one of the most advanced methods of watering strawberries. It has the following advantages:

• Ensuring good development of the plant's root system.
• Creation favorable microclimate on a plot of land.
• Increasing soil fertility.

Features of spring strawberry care - video

We looked at the basic recommendations on how to care for strawberries after the winter cold. To obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures: restoration of plants and soil, loosening and weeding of the earth, treating bushes with chemicals against pests and preventing infectious diseases, fertilizing, mulching and watering. Caring for strawberries should begin as soon as the weather is favorable for field work.