How to learn Russian from scratch. Where to start teaching Russian. Independent study of the Russian language
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Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the 6th total number carriers. Therefore, many people strive to learn Russian for work and career prospects, some need it for education, and others want to get to know Russian culture better.
In this article we will give you 10 practical advice, which will help in learning Russian and make this process interesting and exciting.
1 - Start with the simplest
The first step to learning Russian is to master its alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet, unlike the Latin alphabet, is based on the Greek alphabet. Because of this, many letters, although similar, mean different sounds, and some are completely unique. So, for example, the Russian letter “P” is similar to the English “R”, and the Russian “N” is nothing more than the English “N”. If you spend enough time on the alphabet and basic phonetics from the very beginning, then further learning of many aspects of the language will become easier and will progress much faster.
Children's fairy tales are well suited for teaching reading; a list of them can be found on Wikipedia. They are written in simple and correct language and easy to understand. This kind of reading will help you get a feel for the basics of the language and learn how to construct sentences beautifully and correctly. More complex things are best left for later.
2 – Repetition is the mother of learning
So says the old Russian proverb. Glue leaves with Russian names on pieces of furniture, appliances, dishes and everything that surrounds you in all the places where you spend a lot of time: at home, in the office, in the car. This will help you always keep new words before your eyes and, over time, remember them without resorting to boring memorization.
3 - Write everything down
You shouldn't always rely on your memory. Especially if you are in another country and everything that surrounds you is often new phenomena. Always keep a notebook handy, or mobile phone, in which you can quickly and conveniently take notes. At the end of each day, review your notes; there will certainly be something worth remembering.
4 - Always stay in touch
VKontakte is the Russian analogue of Facebook, which in many post-Soviet countries is much more popular than its older brother. Russian-speaking users are happy to make new acquaintances with foreigners, which can be very useful for language practice. Thanks to communication on social networks, you can quickly improve your knowledge spoken language, and learn someone else’s online culture. In addition, sometimes friends and acquaintances during such informal communication can much better teachers explain some phenomena and concepts.
5 – Cinema and music
For many the most in an interesting way learning another language is watching movies and listening to music. In the case of the Russian language, it will be an excellent help official channel of the Mosfilm concern, where all the old Russian films are collected. The channel has a separate playlist with films with subtitles.
Far From Moscow is an excellent platform where you can find a lot of Russian music from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other countries. All genres and trends are represented here, and there is a lot of content that can be legally listened to and downloaded.
These resources will help not only improve your language skills themselves, but also find new topics for conversations with friends.
6 - Read in Russian
Reading develops language skills very quickly. Try to read as much Russian as possible, such as news sites and Russian-language blogs. This way you will improve your language skills and be able to delve more deeply into the Russian mentality, culture and everyday life. In the end, it’s just interesting to read how the same events are written about in different countries.
7 - Never refuse invitations
Russians sometimes seem not very friendly and cold, but this is only until you find yourself at their home. If you are invited to a party, or just for tea, then be sure that you will be treated to the best food and shared with you unusual stories. Such lively and relaxed communication is a great way to improve your speaking skills, learn new things about the culture and make friends.
8 – Visit a Russian-speaking country
Complete immersion in the language environment is the most the right way start speaking Russian quickly. In the vastness former USSR The Russian language is very common, it is not necessary to go directly to Russia - you can find cities in other countries where Russian is one of the main languages of communication. Such a place can be found even in European Union. For example, the city of Daugavpils in Latvia: for 80% of its residents Russian is their native language, and 96% of residents speak Russian fluently. In Daugavpils, standard modern Russian without any accent is used as the main language for communication, which makes this city a very attractive place to study it.
If possible, it is better to live not in a hotel, but in a family where the main language of communication is Russian. Many language training programs provide this opportunity. This way you will never fall out of the language environment, and you will be forced to speak Russian, which will certainly bear fruit over time.
9 - Find someone to talk to
Finding an interlocutor for whom Russian is a native language is not so difficult. You can use social networks, but if you are in a Russian-speaking country, be sure to find someone to spend time with. This will not only help you make new friendships, but will also help you get involved in learning the language faster.
The main thing to remember is that if your goal is language, then you should not forget about the need to write down and remember everything new. Analyze your meetings every time, learn new words and expressions. Thus, with each subsequent “lesson” you will feel more confident, which means you will be ready for more difficult things.
10 - Find a new hobby
Do you like to cook? Ask your friends to teach you how to cook some traditional dishes. Are you into music? Learn several traditional songs and several popular modern Russian compositions. Dive deeper into Russian culture. This will make you an even more interesting conversationalist and allow you to better understand the Russian mentality. This way you can find faster mutual language with Russian-speaking people and you will be able to gain much more conversational experience.
Russian culture and the language, which is an integral part of it, are incredibly interesting and, therefore, attract many. We are confident that the tips we have given you will simplify the process of learning Russian. If you are interested in courses to learn this language, which provide a unique cultural experience and practice, be sure to check out the information on our website. Don't be afraid of difficulties and learn Russian!
A post that should have been written a long time ago: how to teach Russian to children who come to learn from scratch in preschool age. With adults, everything is clear: there is the RCT method, there are RCT textbooks, there are tests. What to do with small children who have to learn Russian from scratch in the format foreign language? We don’t have a clear, understandable, step-by-step methodology. Textbooks, actually, too.
We have an hour a week + homework, at best, and a child who learned to say hello on the way to class. I’ll tell you how I see the solution to this problem, and below I’ll give a comment from Ekaterina Protasova and a very useful quote from her manual.
RCT for kids?
What can we take from RCTs, techniques that classic form Not suitable for preschoolers at all?
1.Basic principles of teaching.
For example, information that the teacher must give a speech model at the beginning of a task or game. Not just “now we’ll play shop,” but speech patterns: what the child says, what the adult says. When we have a new teacher at our school who is not familiar with the RFL methodology, we have to constantly remind about speech models and check their presence at every lesson. We show the task and how to perform it, we talk through what the child should say.
Reason for lack of progress #1: lack of speech patterns from the teacher.
2.Grammatical and speech formulas
In essence, language consists not of words, but of formulas. For example, “I want to buy” is a formula. We are changing the last word in the formula: I want to buy an apple, I want to buy milk, I want to buy fish, strawberries, yogurt, cheese... And we get a lot of offers. Language is a constructor; we change one word in the formula - a new statement appears, add the particle “not” - a new statement appears. In the lesson plan and program, we first prescribe what speech formulas we give to the children, and only then the vocabulary. Formulas, phrases more important than words. There is no point in learning words outside of formulas, there is no point in learning words outside of context.
Reason for lack of progress #2: we learn words, not formulas. Children often come to us who know a lot of words on topics: animals, fruits, vegetables, home, clothes. But they cannot speak even in the simplest sentences.
3.Order of presentation of grammar
Grammar? Preschoolers? For kids? “These are children,” what grammar. We have two problems with our attitude to grammar: grammar is often understood as spelling (from the word “literate”?), and grammar is often understood as theory (“ accusative answers the questions “who, what”, in the feminine gender the ending changes to -у, -у, exceptions are nouns with soft sign at the end"). At the same time, grammar is simply the structure of a language, its skeleton, without which we will again be left with a jumble of words “by topic.”
If you are not familiar with the RCT methodology, you can simply open the RCT textbook for adults or, for example, the table of contents of Nina Vlasova’s RCT textbook for children. Look in what order the authors give the cases. This choice is not random; it is determined by the frequency of use of cases in speech. At the same time, the authors do not take ALL the meanings of the cases, but select the most necessary ones at the elementary level.
For example, in the prepositional case these meanings are:
Place: in a bag, on the sofa;
Transport: ride, sail, fly on something, etc.
Is it possible to avoid all this grammar, studying cases?
It is possible if you place the child in an environment. For example, if you have a Russian-speaking kindergarten. Do we tell the child that
learning the prepositional case? No, of course, the child just plays, completes tasks, learns to speak as part of the study of individual speech formulas.
Reason for lack of progress #3. There could be many reasons for this, in fact. Cases need to be automated in speech. So that a child, having once said “I want to buy milk,” hears himself and understands that something is wrong, “they don’t say that,” you need to think again. This automation may be missing. Simply “understanding the topic” is not enough. Just saying it correctly a few times is not enough.
There may be a lack of gradualism and step-by-step elaboration.
There may not be enough games to practice, or there may not be enough games to use what you have learned in your own statement, in your speech. There may be a lack of spaced repetition of what has previously been learned.
The cases in this paragraph are for example. There are a lot of other topics: gender, number, agreement of nouns and adjectives, etc., but the general approach remains the same.
Or maybe not an RCT?
Maybe not an RCT, not instead of an RCT, but together with it. You can take benefits for monolingual children with speech impairments and developmental delays. These are grammatical and lexical notebooks by Kosinova, materials for the development of coherent speech of children with special needs by Arbekova, etc. You can partially take general developmental materials for kids.
But I've never seen it before effective program for non-Russian-speaking children, built only on materials for monolinguals without additions or processing. It's all about the difference in goals. Each manual solves its own problems, and the authors of speech therapy manuals for monolinguals have completely different tasks than teachers and parents who want their child to learn to speak Russian.
You can look for ideas in English materials for kids. There are a lot of ideas there, I myself subscribe to dozens of blogs of American kindergarten teachers and teachers of English as a second native language. But the procedure for introducing grammar in Russian is still different. They are more about the design of the assignment, the presentation of the material, and game options.
Reason for lack of progress #4. « patchwork quilt» from a variety of manuals that help to spend the lesson time, but do not solve specific problems. There are a lot of printouts and cards, but unified system No. If the system is not in the program, then systematic language learning will also not work.
Or maybe just play?
You can do an experiment. Go to the teaching community and ask how to teach Russian to kids who are learning it from scratch. I bet one of the first comments will be: "Which lessons? Which programm? Kids learn through play, just play. To the store, to the zoo, to dolls, to bingo. I liked this lotto about dishes: link. You can also sing songs and dance in a circle.”
If you spend several hours with your child every day, then just communication and just play will be a developing and learning environment. Download the lotto about dishes, memorize the songs, take out the toy cash register and start playing. If you have an hour a week, then “just playing games” will just kill a lot of time without achieving anything.
Therefore, we return to a systematic approach: what grammar are you practicing, what formulas can you derive from it, what vocabulary will you need in the process, what games can you come up with to practice vocabulary and formulas. There are games, they are at the end of the chain. And they work for a specific task. And they do it! We include songs as a warm-up at the beginning of the lesson, a round dance as a break, lotto as an interval repetition of the previous topic (and do not forget to repeat not only vocabulary, but vocabulary inside a sentence, inside a formula). Look, everything was useful, everything had a place inside the system.
Reason for lack of progress #5. Well, you understand, I guess. Games are not built into the program, into the system. And in this case, you can play for 5 years, and the child will not speak even the most basic Russian. And not because...
“We only have an hour a week”
I write about this very often and continue to write because an hour a week also makes sense if you have a flexible program, systems approach, specific tasks for each lesson and tasks with games that solve these problems. If you see the rhythms of the students and adapt to them. If you see potential, an opportunity to move to a new, more complex level, and take advantage of this opportunity. If you're trying to figure out why it's not working, rather than explaining everything for an hour a week. If you are ready to temporarily take on a problem student individual training, this also often helps catch up with the group. If both you and your parents understand that you are moving forward in small steps, it cannot be otherwise with such a volume of work and such short classes. But you are making progress.
About homework
And lastly: what to do with homework. Here's my option. If the child has Russian-speaking family members, they will help him repeat what he has learned in class and help him make a couple of worksheets. If there are no Russian speakers in the family, what remains are songs, educational videos for kids on YouTube, or short videos specially recorded by you for homework. And so on until the child learns to read. Once learned, we have the opportunity to give tasks for self-execution. Copybooks, match the word and picture, worksheets with elementary tasks and vocabulary familiar to the child. The child grows up, Russian progresses, homework becomes more complicated.
How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language and remember them forever? The answer to this question is of interest not only to students, but also to those who graduated from school a long time ago. There is hardly a person who would not like to write and speak competently. The tips given in the article will help you cope with this task.
Where to begin
How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language? To begin with, you should stock up on a textbook and a collection of assignments, the completion of which will help you consolidate what you have learned. Proper preparation to classes is the key to success. You need to tune in to remember the rules. Under no circumstances should you teach them in a hurry, under the influence of certain distractions (music, TV, and so on). Best time for assimilation new information- morning and evening hours.
A person must also understand why he is going to learn this or that rule, whether he will need it in later life and in what situations. Proper motivation is the key to success.
Understanding
How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language and successfully apply them? The mistake is made by those who try to memorize a text without understanding the essence of its content. First, you should carefully read the rule, while each word is clearly pronounced out loud. Then you need to determine the meaning of each word.
Then you need to try to reformulate the rule. Let's assume that it has the following structure: “We do... when there is...”. You can say this: “If there is..., then we do...”. Next, you should highlight the keywords, for example, using color. This will ensure participation in the memorization process. You can also present the rule graphically, for example, in the form of a table or diagram. The more actions a person performs with a text, the higher the likelihood that he will remember its content.
How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language, consisting of several points? First you need to understand the content of each part. Then all the points need to be linked together.
Let's use our imagination
People with a developed imagination can take advantage of this when memorizing the rules. This method is actively used by teachers primary classes, kindergarten teachers. If a person can figuratively imagine the content of the text, he will remember it better.
Fixing the material
How to learn the rules of the Russian language? Many people forget the importance of consolidating what they have learned. You should not neglect the exercises that will help you apply the rule. It is advisable to choose various types exercises, this will help you remember everything possible nuances. While performing the work, it is necessary to speak out the contents of the rule again and again.
Retelling the material studied is the shortest way to memorization. You can tell the contents of the rule to yourself or to someone in your household. It's also helpful to answer someone's questions about the material you've learned. For example, an assistant can ask a person about the occasion in which something specific is done or written, and he must name the condition. If there is no way to resort to someone else’s help, you can ask questions to yourself and answer them.
Read and write
How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language on your own? Reading books is the shortest way to achieve this goal. It's about specifically about books, and not about texts on the Internet, which are often overcrowded grammatical errors. Best choice will become classic literature. While reading books, visual memory works, and pronouncing text out loud allows you to use auditory memory. A person not only expands his lexicon and develops the skill of combining and combining lexical units. His brain also records correct writing various concepts and terms. This ensures a reduction in the amount spelling errors.
Copying books is another way to remember the rules of the Russian language. It is quite labor intensive, but the result is worth it. By rewriting a page a day, a person can as soon as possible become more literate. While completing this task, be sure to work with the text. It is necessary to keep track of familiar rules that are found in sentences, to control the correct placement of punctuation marks and spelling of words. However, even if a person simply rewrites texts, the rules will begin to be deposited in his subconscious without additional effort.
Mnemonics - a quick way to learn the rules of the Russian language
Mnemonics is a memorization technique that has been used since before our era. This method was used by ancient orators who needed to learn their long speeches. Most researchers attribute its invention to Cicero. So, what is the most quick way learn the rules of the Russian language? Practical examples The following will help you figure this out.
- How to remember the use of the verbs “put on” and “dress”? “I dress Hope by putting on clothes.”
- “It’s not wonderful, not wonderful, but dangerous and terrible to write the letter “t” in the words “interesting” and “delicious” in vain. This text will help you better remember seven words that do not use the letter “t.”
- How to remember the cases of the Russian language? A funny tongue twister will help you cope with this task. For example, “Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl, Ordered to Drag the Diaper.” Or “Ivan Chopped the Wood, Varya Stoked the Stove.”
- How to quickly learn prefixes that need to be written together? It’s enough to remember the word “automobile, bicycle, photo and radio repairer.”
- After the letter “C,” “I” is always written, but there are exception words. They are quite easy to learn: “A gypsy on tiptoe tutted a chick to a chicken.”
The funnier the phrase, the easier it is to remember. For example, “Whoever writes “CA” in verbs is a real sheep.”
Creative methods
Using mnemonics is a quick way to learn the rules of the Russian language. Of course there are others creative methods. For example, you can try to sing a rule that is difficult to remember. In this case, it will certainly be etched in memory.
Another effective method- talk complex text to the recorder. You should listen to this recording regularly before going to bed. Finally, the text of the rule can be shouted, this also promotes memorization.
1. " Learn Russian» Online multimedia textbook for beginners to learn Russian. There are exercises, audio, excellent tables, topics from the alphabet to scientific style speech.
E.V. Rubleva and others.Autonomous Nonprofit Organization "TV-Novosti", 2005-2012
http://learnrussian.rt.com
2.Russian on-line
http://www.rus-on-line.ru/index.html
Interactive exercises, visual tables. Look, for example, at how wonderfully the verbs of motion are presented: http://www.rus-on-line.ru/Exercises/Grammar/28-grammar.html
3. Network multimedia guide is a series of tasks on various grammar topics (A2-B1) L.L. Babalova M.: Central Medical Education Center of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, 2013. Here you will find exercises on cases, verbs of motion, expression of time, degrees of comparison, types of verbs, participles and gerunds, indefinite and negative pronouns, verb control.
http://rustest-online.ru/glavnaya
4. " Time to speak Russian!» Network educational and methodological interactive complex in the Russian language for beginners (A1). A.Yu.Petanova, Yu.E.Kovalenko. M.: Central Medical Education Center of Moscow State University, 2005-2013.http:// www. speak- Russian. cie. ru/ time_ new
5. Free worksheets for RFL teachershttps://ru.islcollective.com/ A huge, constantly growing collection of materials on different topics.
6. " Network text library» A network linguistic trainer aimed at developing reading skills at four levels. (A1-A2-B1-B2) O.E. Chubarova et al. M.: Central Medical Education Center of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, 2010-2013.http://lrwi.ru/?p=1
7. Presentations on different topics for the level A1 http://www.gcserussian.co.uk/?page_id=488
8.Between us (online tutorial)http://www.mezhdunami.org/
9. Interactive practice exercises and grammar tests from elementary to advanced levels
http://www.russian.ucla.edu/flagship/russianflagship/Grammar.html
10. Russian for everyone http:// www. russianforeveryone. com/ Beginner course Russian language (alphabet, dictionary, grammar, games)
More sites.
Posts from This Journal by “network resources” Tag
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Online course “Visualizations for teachers: creating creative educational materials and use them in class.” Organizes the course:…
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If you are in doubt about how to write a particular word, you can always check it on the old and respected portal “Gramota.ru”. To do this, the site has a search form for web dictionaries. In addition, “Gramota.ru” offers visitors a text course “Online Tutor” with spelling and punctuation rules, as well as interactive dictations and other tasks to consolidate the material covered.
2. “Language Eye”
This program, in the creation of which teachers from St. Petersburg State University participated, is an original collection of short articles about the history, syntax, phonetics, stylistics and other sections of the Russian language.
Due to the hyperlinks that link the texts, the format of the reference book is reminiscent of Wikipedia. After launching the program, its wonderful design catches your eye: it looks unusually stylish for its subject matter.
“True Words” is a children's interactive Russian language textbook. Accessible and fun materials on this resource, written by professional teachers, will help your child fill the gaps in knowledge of the school curriculum.
The site uses game mechanics and bright design to pull the child into educational process and teach how to write without errors. The system evaluates students using tests and provides parents with statistics on progress. The site is paid, but trial lessons are freely available.
4. “The Russian language is literate”
This program contains more than 16,000 test tasks on spelling, punctuation and more. According to the developer, Russian language experts took part in drawing up the questions. When faced with a difficult test, you can request help - the program will display the theory section associated with the question.
"Spelling" allows you to improve your command of the Russian language in practice. If you have to write a lot of texts, then you can check them in this service. The system analyzes what is written taking into account numerous language norms, indicates errors and displays the rules associated with them. The service operates on a paid subscription basis, but the cost of the tariffs is unlikely to scare away an interested user.
6. "Punctuation"
With this program you can check and, if necessary, improve your punctuation knowledge. It works like this: they show you sentences from famous books, and you add punctuation marks. The system evaluates the result and comments on errors.
Only 20 proposals can be processed for free, another 200 are available for a symbolic price.
Dictations based on the works of outstanding Russian writers appear on this resource of the City Methodological Center of the Moscow Department of Education. Each text has gaps - you need to insert the missing characters, choosing them from the options provided. Upon completion, the system counts the number of errors made and displays the result.
8. "Spelling"
Apparently, “Spelling” is a program from the developer of the already mentioned “Punctuation”. The applications are very similar, but if the previous one was devoted to punctuation marks, then “Spelling” helps improve your spelling skills.
The system shows sentences with missing letters. You fill in the blanks, and the app points out your mistakes and provides spelling rules associated with them.
25 offers are available to every user for free. A few hundred more can be purchased for a small amount.